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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
2 0-32 Disease denotes Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis MESH:D055744
3 43-77 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia MESH:C000657245
8 234-242 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
9 121-153 Disease denotes invasive pulmonary aspergillosis MESH:D055744
10 200-215 Disease denotes viral pneumonia
11 219-233 Disease denotes critically ill MESH:D016638
16 296-320 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 MESH:C000657245
17 322-330 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
18 344-379 Disease denotes acute respiratory distress syndrome MESH:D012128
19 563-583 Disease denotes secondary infections MESH:D060085
25 624-632 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
26 749-758 Species denotes influenza Tax:11309
27 609-623 Disease denotes critically ill MESH:D016638
28 694-712 Disease denotes COVID-19 pneumonia MESH:C000657245
29 759-768 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
35 835-842 Chemical denotes steroid MESH:D013256
36 857-881 Disease denotes other immunospuppression MESH:D058497
37 937-946 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
38 957-965 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
39 1027-1062 Disease denotes acute respiratory distress syndrome MESH:D012128
50 2116-2119 Gene denotes CRP Gene:1401
51 2136-2140 Gene denotes IL-6 Gene:3569
52 1751-1758 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
53 1807-1814 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
54 1982-2003 Species denotes Aspergillus fumigatus Tax:746128
55 2004-2025 Species denotes Aspergillus fumigatus Tax:746128
56 2026-2036 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
57 1787-1805 Disease denotes pulmonary fibrosis MESH:D011658
58 2281-2294 Disease denotes Renal failure MESH:D051437
59 2330-2362 Disease denotes invasive pulmonary aspergillosis MESH:D055744
61 1681-1694 Chemical denotes galactomannan MESH:C012990
66 2413-2416 Gene denotes CRP Gene:1401
67 2418-2436 Gene denotes C-reactive protein Gene:1401
68 2438-2442 Gene denotes IL-6 Gene:3569
69 2464-2496 Disease denotes invasive pulmonary aspergillosis MESH:D055744
79 1110-1118 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
80 1161-1176 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11309
81 1181-1212 Species denotes respiratory syncytial virus); a Tax:1439707
82 1367-1388 Species denotes Aspergillus fumigatus Tax:746128
83 1441-1449 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
84 1339-1352 Chemical denotes galactomannan MESH:C012990
85 1124-1132 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
86 1265-1270 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
87 1537-1555 Disease denotes COVID-19 pneumonia MESH:C000657245
93 2732-2740 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
94 2789-2797 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
95 2753-2762 Species denotes influenza Tax:11309
96 2763-2772 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
97 2823-2832 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
102 2869-2877 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
103 2892-2896 Disease denotes died MESH:D003643
104 2922-2957 Disease denotes acute respiratory distress syndrome MESH:D012128
105 2963-2981 Disease denotes multiorgan failure MESH:D009102
113 3047-3054 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
114 3239-3247 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
115 2993-3004 Species denotes Aspergillus Tax:746128
116 3015-3026 Species denotes respiratory Tax:1439707
117 3104-3113 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
118 3215-3229 Disease denotes critically ill MESH:D016638
119 3230-3238 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
122 3339-3352 Chemical denotes galactomannan MESH:C012990
123 3388-3391 Chemical denotes ODI
130 3537-3545 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
131 3574-3588 Chemical denotes amphotericin-B MESH:D000666
132 3665-3677 Chemical denotes voriconazole MESH:D065819
133 3682-3695 Chemical denotes isavuconazole MESH:C508735
134 3610-3628 Disease denotes multiorgan failure MESH:D009102
135 3639-3654 Disease denotes hepatic failure MESH:D017093
137 3740-3748 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
143 3969-3977 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
144 3871-3879 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
145 3891-3923 Disease denotes invasive pulmonary aspergillosis MESH:D055744
146 3954-3968 Disease denotes critically ill MESH:D016638
147 3990-4008 Disease denotes COVID-19 pneumonia MESH:C000657245

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 397-405 Body_part denotes alveolar http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma264783
T2 433-441 Body_part denotes alveolar http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma264783
T3 442-454 Body_part denotes neutrophilic http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62860
T4 1461-1466 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576
T5 1723-1728 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T6 1925-1930 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T7 2225-2234 Body_part denotes Leucocyte http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62852
T8 2260-2271 Body_part denotes Lymphocytes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863
T9 2429-2436 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T10 2444-2457 Body_part denotes interleukin 6 http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma264829
T11 2444-2455 Body_part denotes interleukin http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 1461-1466 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443
T2 1723-1728 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977
T3 1925-1930 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 0-32 Phenotype denotes Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020103
T2 68-77 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T3 121-153 Phenotype denotes invasive pulmonary aspergillosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020103
T4 155-158 Phenotype denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020103
T5 206-215 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T6 350-370 Phenotype denotes respiratory distress http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098
T7 389-412 Phenotype denotes diffuse alveolar damage http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033006
T8 647-650 Phenotype denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020103
T9 703-712 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T10 759-768 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T11 825-828 Phenotype denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020103
T12 937-946 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T13 1033-1053 Phenotype denotes respiratory distress http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098
T14 1265-1270 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T15 1421-1424 Phenotype denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020103
T16 1546-1555 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T17 1582-1585 Phenotype denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020103
T18 1787-1805 Phenotype denotes pulmonary fibrosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002206
T19 2101-2104 Phenotype denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020103
T20 2281-2294 Phenotype denotes Renal failure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000083
T21 2330-2362 Phenotype denotes invasive pulmonary aspergillosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020103
T22 2459-2462 Phenotype denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020103
T23 2464-2496 Phenotype denotes invasive pulmonary aspergillosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020103
T24 2592-2595 Phenotype denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020103
T25 2674-2677 Phenotype denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020103
T26 2763-2772 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T27 2928-2948 Phenotype denotes respiratory distress http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098
T28 3145-3148 Phenotype denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020103
T29 3431-3434 Phenotype denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020103
T30 3518-3521 Phenotype denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020103
T31 3639-3654 Phenotype denotes hepatic failure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001399
T32 3760-3763 Phenotype denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020103
T33 3891-3923 Phenotype denotes invasive pulmonary aspergillosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020103
T34 3999-4008 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 19-32 Disease denotes aspergillosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005657
T2 43-67 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T3 68-77 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T4 140-153 Disease denotes aspergillosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005657
T5 200-215 Disease denotes viral pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006012
T6 206-215 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T7 296-320 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T8 322-330 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T9 344-379 Disease denotes acute respiratory distress syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502
T10 350-379 Disease denotes respiratory distress syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009971
T11 573-583 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T12 694-702 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T13 703-712 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T14 749-758 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T15 759-768 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T16 937-946 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T17 957-965 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T18 1027-1062 Disease denotes acute respiratory distress syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502
T19 1033-1062 Disease denotes respiratory distress syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009971
T20 1124-1132 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T21 1161-1170 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T22 1537-1545 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T23 1546-1555 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T24 1787-1805 Disease denotes pulmonary fibrosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002771
T25 2026-2034 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T26 2157-2160 Disease denotes PCT http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008296|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0015104
T28 2281-2294 Disease denotes Renal failure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001106
T29 2349-2362 Disease denotes aspergillosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005657
T30 2483-2496 Disease denotes aspergillosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005657
T31 2554-2557 Disease denotes PCT http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008296|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0015104
T33 2753-2762 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T34 2763-2772 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T35 2922-2957 Disease denotes acute respiratory distress syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502
T36 2928-2957 Disease denotes respiratory distress syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009971
T37 2963-2981 Disease denotes multiorgan failure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0043726
T38 3104-3113 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T39 3230-3238 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T40 3610-3628 Disease denotes multiorgan failure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0043726
T41 3740-3748 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T42 3871-3879 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T43 3910-3923 Disease denotes aspergillosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005657
T44 3990-3998 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T45 3999-4008 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T46 4633-4636 Disease denotes MSD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0010088

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 526-534 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T2 660-661 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T3 906-907 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T4 1171-1176 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T5 1203-1208 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T6 1211-1212 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T7 1271-1272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T8 1459-1460 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T9 1461-1466 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 denotes chest
T10 1771-1775 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T11 1771-1775 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T12 1827-1831 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T13 1827-1831 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T14 2142-2144 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008426 denotes pg
T15 2225-2234 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000738 denotes Leucocyte
T16 2444-2457 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001393 denotes interleukin 6
T17 2657-2658 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T18 3013-3014 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T19 3079-3091 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colonization
T20 3291-3298 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T21 3587-3588 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T22 3776-3777 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T23 3927-3928 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T24 4057-4060 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T25 4172-4175 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T26 4260-4263 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 155-158 Chemical denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17824|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30802
T3 647-650 Chemical denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17824|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30802
T5 825-828 Chemical denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17824|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30802
T7 835-842 Chemical denotes steroid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35341
T8 1339-1352 Chemical denotes galactomannan http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27680
T9 1421-1424 Chemical denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17824|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30802
T11 1582-1585 Chemical denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17824|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30802
T13 1681-1694 Chemical denotes galactomannan http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27680
T14 1771-1775 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T15 1827-1831 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T16 1869-1872 Chemical denotes BAL http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64198
T17 2101-2104 Chemical denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17824|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30802
T19 2136-2138 Chemical denotes IL http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072
T21 2384-2387 Chemical denotes BAL http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64198
T22 2429-2436 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T23 2438-2440 Chemical denotes IL http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072
T25 2459-2462 Chemical denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17824|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30802
T27 2503-2510 Chemical denotes lactate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24996
T28 2592-2595 Chemical denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17824|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30802
T30 2674-2677 Chemical denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17824|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30802
T32 3145-3148 Chemical denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17824|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30802
T34 3339-3352 Chemical denotes galactomannan http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27680
T35 3431-3434 Chemical denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17824|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30802
T37 3463-3484 Chemical denotes antifungal medication http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_86327
T38 3463-3473 Chemical denotes antifungal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35718
T39 3518-3521 Chemical denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17824|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30802
T41 3665-3677 Chemical denotes voriconazole http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10023
T42 3682-3695 Chemical denotes isavuconazole http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_85979
T43 3760-3763 Chemical denotes IPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17824|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30802

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 1357-1363 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 denotes growth
T2 2983-2989 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 denotes Growth

LitCovid-PD-GlycoEpitope

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue glyco_epitope_db_id
T1 1339-1352 GlycoEpitope denotes galactomannan http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0510
T2 1681-1694 GlycoEpitope denotes galactomannan http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0510
T3 1850-1863 GlycoEpitope denotes Galactomannan http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0510
T4 1906-1919 GlycoEpitope denotes Galactomannan http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0510
T5 3339-3352 GlycoEpitope denotes galactomannan http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0510

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-77 Sentence denotes Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in severe coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia
T2 79-93 Sentence denotes To the editor,
T3 94-247 Sentence denotes Superinfections, including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), are well-known complications of severe viral pneumonia in critically ill patients [1].
T4 248-590 Sentence denotes Pathological studies of individuals with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) -associated acute respiratory distress syndrome reported diffuse alveolar damage combined with intra-alveolar neutrophilic infiltration and vascular congestion, assuming an impaired mucociliary activity that might pave the way for secondary infections [2,3].
T5 591-769 Sentence denotes Our report of two critically ill patients suggests that IPA might be a relevant complication of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in analogy to experiences in severe influenza pneumonia.
T6 770-1063 Sentence denotes Both individuals were without typical risk factors for IPA, e.g. steroid medication or other immunospuppression, and were admitted from a secondary-care hospital with pneumonia caused by COVID-19 to our intensive care unit (ICU) after progression to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome.
T7 1064-1436 Sentence denotes In the initial bronchoalveolar lavage of both patients only COVID-19 was found (PCR negative for influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus); a follow-up bronchoalveolar lavage because of ongoing fever a few days later (days 5 and 6 after ICU admission) showed elevated galactomannan and growth of Aspergillus fumigatus in standard culture, suggesting IPA (Table 1 ).
T8 1437-1586 Sentence denotes All patients received a chest computed tomography scan before ICU admittance with typical signs for COVID-19 pneumonia but no specific signs for IPA.
T9 1587-1661 Sentence denotes Follow-up computed tomography scans were not performed for safety reasons.
T10 1662-1750 Sentence denotes Table 1 Results of galactomannan (bronchoalveolar lavage and serum) and standard culture
T11 1751-1849 Sentence denotes Patient 1(80 years, male, suspected pulmonary fibrosis) Patient 2(70 years, male, no risk factors)
T12 1850-1905 Sentence denotes Galactomannan from BAL (ODI; normal range <1.0) 6.3 6.1
T13 1906-1964 Sentence denotes Galactomannan from serum (ODI; normal range <0.5) 1.5 <0.5
T14 1965-2025 Sentence denotes Standard culture Aspergillus fumigatus Aspergillus fumigatus
T15 2026-2069 Sentence denotes SARS-CoV-2 (at follow up) positive positive
T16 2070-2114 Sentence denotes Laboratory parameters, mean at IPA diagnosis
T17 2115-2134 Sentence denotes  CRP (mg/dL) 26 5.1
T18 2135-2155 Sentence denotes  IL-6 (pg/mL) 460 82
T19 2156-2176 Sentence denotes  PCT (ng/mL) 3.7 0.4
T20 2177-2204 Sentence denotes  D-Dimer (μg/L) 4820 14 151
T21 2205-2223 Sentence denotes  LDH (U/L) 481 530
T22 2224-2258 Sentence denotes  Leucocyte count (G/L) 10.38 14.55
T23 2259-2280 Sentence denotes  Lymphocytes (%) 15 7
T24 2281-2302 Sentence denotes Renal failure Yes Yes
T25 2303-2368 Sentence denotes Classical risk factors for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis No No
T26 2369-2573 Sentence denotes Abbreviations: BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; CRP, C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin 6; IPA, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; ODI, optical density index; PCT, procalcitonin.
T27 2574-2779 Sentence denotes The time-point of IPA diagnosis is in line with previous studies that demonstrated a median time to IPA diagnosis between 3 and 9 days after ICU admission of patients with severe influenza pneumonia [1,3].
T28 2780-2863 Sentence denotes In these patients also, high incidence and mortality rates could be observed [1,3].
T29 2864-2982 Sentence denotes Both patients in our report died as the result of ongoing acute respiratory distress syndrome with multiorgan failure.
T30 2983-3114 Sentence denotes Growth of Aspergillus spp. in a respiratory culture from an ICU patient is often interpreted as colonization rather than infection.
T31 3115-3268 Sentence denotes Other typical diagnostics for IPA, such as biopsy or imaging techniques, may be more challenging in critically ill COVID-19 patients for several reasons.
T32 3269-3441 Sentence denotes Therefore, additional testing of bronchoalveolar lavage specimens for galactomannan is easy, and the specificity of an ODI cut-off of >1·0 is about 90% to detect IPA [4,5].
T33 3442-3532 Sentence denotes Early and sufficient antifungal medication is the cornerstone for effective IPA treatment.
T34 3533-3724 Sentence denotes Our patients were treated with liposomal amphotericin-B (3 mg/kg) because of multiorgan failure including hepatic failure; however, voriconazole and isavuconazole are sufficient alternatives.
T35 3725-3828 Sentence denotes In conclusion, COVID-19-associated IPA may lead to a poor outcome even in immune competent individuals.
T36 3829-4009 Sentence denotes Further studies are needed to indicate if COVID-19-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a relevant complication in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
T37 4011-4036 Sentence denotes Transparency declarations
T38 4037-4151 Sentence denotes None of the authors has any potential financial or non-financial conflicts of interest related to this manuscript.
T39 4152-4244 Sentence denotes None of the authors has received any funding or financial support regarding this manuscript.
T40 4245-4305 Sentence denotes The manuscript has not been submitted or accepted elsewhere.
T41 4306-4372 Sentence denotes All authors fulfil the criteria given in the authorship paragraph.
T42 4373-4469 Sentence denotes No writing assistance other than copy editing was provided in the preparation of the manuscript.
T43 4471-4487 Sentence denotes Research funding
T44 4488-4507 Sentence denotes Nothing to declare.
T45 4509-4533 Sentence denotes Employment or leadership
T46 4534-4553 Sentence denotes Nothing to declare.
T47 4554-4637 Sentence denotes Tobias Lahmer received travel grants from 10.13039/100004319Pfizer, Gilead and MSD.