PMC:7258756 / 6237-13345
Annnotations
LitCovid-PubTator
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
127 | 241-251 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
131 | 266-276 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
132 | 858-868 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
133 | 418-438 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 infection | MESH:C000657245 |
137 | 1211-1215 | Gene | denotes | RdRp | Gene:43740578 |
138 | 1221-1225 | Gene | denotes | RdRp | Gene:43740578 |
139 | 1120-1130 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
145 | 2425-2428 | Gene | denotes | CLC | Gene:1178 |
146 | 2388-2391 | Gene | denotes | CLC | Gene:1178 |
147 | 1514-1524 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
148 | 1687-1697 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
149 | 2518-2528 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
155 | 3397-3401 | Gene | denotes | hu-1 | Gene:6195 |
156 | 2562-2572 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
157 | 3278-3288 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
158 | 3365-3375 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
159 | 3045-3047 | Chemical | denotes | nt | MESH:D009711 |
164 | 3535-3540 | Gene | denotes | spike | Gene:43740568 |
165 | 3440-3445 | Gene | denotes | spike | Gene:43740568 |
166 | 3524-3534 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
167 | 3985-3995 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
174 | 6566-6569 | Gene | denotes | TAP | Gene:8615 |
175 | 5993-5998 | Gene | denotes | spike | Gene:43740568 |
176 | 4504-4509 | Gene | denotes | spike | Gene:43740568 |
177 | 4493-4503 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
178 | 6486-6491 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
179 | 6427-6432 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
182 | 6988-7004 | Gene | denotes | interferon-gamma | Gene:3458 |
183 | 7006-7011 | Gene | denotes | IFN-γ | Gene:3458 |
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T24 | 299-304 | Body_part | denotes | Blood | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670 |
T25 | 309-315 | Body_part | denotes | throat | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma228738 |
T26 | 914-917 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
T27 | 968-971 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
T28 | 1067-1070 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
T29 | 1233-1237 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
T30 | 1244-1248 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
T31 | 1258-1262 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
T32 | 1486-1492 | Body_part | denotes | genome | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116 |
T33 | 1602-1605 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
T34 | 1746-1749 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
T35 | 1860-1863 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
T36 | 1901-1904 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
T37 | 1945-1948 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
T38 | 2542-2548 | Body_part | denotes | genome | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116 |
T39 | 3033-3043 | Body_part | denotes | nucleotide | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82740 |
T40 | 3045-3047 | Body_part | denotes | nt | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82740 |
T41 | 3145-3155 | Body_part | denotes | nucleotide | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82740 |
T42 | 3171-3181 | Body_part | denotes | amino acid | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739 |
T43 | 3183-3185 | Body_part | denotes | aa | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739 |
T44 | 3446-3453 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T45 | 3545-3557 | Body_part | denotes | glycoprotein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925 |
T46 | 3668-3675 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T47 | 3758-3762 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T48 | 3957-3961 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T49 | 4510-4517 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T50 | 4770-4777 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T51 | 5418-5429 | Body_part | denotes | amino acids | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739 |
T52 | 5911-5918 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T53 | 5999-6007 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T54 | 6079-6111 | Body_part | denotes | major histocompatibility complex | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84079 |
T55 | 6113-6116 | Body_part | denotes | MHC | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84079 |
T56 | 6139-6162 | Body_part | denotes | cytotoxic T lymphocytes | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma70573 |
T57 | 6296-6310 | Body_part | denotes | neural network | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74616 |
T58 | 6376-6380 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T59 | 6433-6442 | Body_part | denotes | leucocyte | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62852 |
T60 | 6452-6455 | Body_part | denotes | HLA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84795 |
T61 | 6557-6564 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T62 | 6950-6954 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T63 | 6965-6969 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T2 | 299-304 | Body_part | denotes | Blood | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 |
T3 | 309-315 | Body_part | denotes | throat | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000341 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T56 | 241-249 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T57 | 241-245 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T58 | 266-274 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T59 | 266-270 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T60 | 322-324 | Disease | denotes | TS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0010979|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016455 |
T62 | 418-426 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T63 | 418-422 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T64 | 429-438 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
T65 | 513-515 | Disease | denotes | TS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0010979|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016455 |
T67 | 858-866 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T68 | 858-862 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T69 | 941-943 | Disease | denotes | TS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0010979|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016455 |
T71 | 1120-1128 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T72 | 1120-1124 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T73 | 1514-1522 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T74 | 1514-1518 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T75 | 1624-1626 | Disease | denotes | TS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0010979|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016455 |
T77 | 1687-1695 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T78 | 1687-1691 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T79 | 2388-2391 | Disease | denotes | CLC | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004315 |
T80 | 2425-2428 | Disease | denotes | CLC | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004315 |
T81 | 2518-2526 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T82 | 2518-2522 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T83 | 2562-2570 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T84 | 2562-2566 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T85 | 3278-3286 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T86 | 3278-3282 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T87 | 3365-3373 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T88 | 3365-3369 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T89 | 3524-3532 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T90 | 3524-3528 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T91 | 3985-3993 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T92 | 3985-3989 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T93 | 4493-4501 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T94 | 4493-4497 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T58 | 299-304 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 | denotes | Blood |
T59 | 299-304 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 | denotes | Blood |
T60 | 814-815 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T61 | 1096-1103 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | testing |
T62 | 1233-1237 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
T63 | 1244-1248 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
T64 | 1258-1262 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
T65 | 1338-1343 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | tests |
T66 | 1386-1390 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | test |
T67 | 1500-1505 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T68 | 1893-1894 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T69 | 2388-2391 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002494 | denotes | CLC |
T70 | 2425-2428 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002494 | denotes | CLC |
T71 | 2930-2931 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
T72 | 3136-3139 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008190 | denotes | Per |
T73 | 3183-3185 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001627 | denotes | aa |
T74 | 3289-3296 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | viruses |
T75 | 3756-3762 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000236 | denotes | B-cell |
T76 | 3955-3961 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000236 | denotes | B-cell |
T77 | 4092-4099 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 | denotes | peptide |
T78 | 4259-4266 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 | denotes | peptide |
T79 | 4395-4396 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T80 | 5050-5051 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T81 | 5169-5170 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T82 | 5260-5261 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T83 | 5281-5282 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T84 | 5462-5463 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
T85 | 5576-5577 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T86 | 6374-6380 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084 | denotes | T-cell |
T87 | 6427-6432 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
T88 | 6433-6442 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000738 | denotes | leucocyte |
T89 | 6486-6491 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
T90 | 6566-6569 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000002979 | denotes | TAP |
T91 | 6948-6954 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000236 | denotes | B-cell |
T92 | 6963-6969 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084 | denotes | T-cell |
T93 | 6988-7004 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000017 | denotes | interferon-gamma |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T14 | 322-324 | Chemical | denotes | TS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73664 |
T15 | 513-515 | Chemical | denotes | TS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73664 |
T16 | 941-943 | Chemical | denotes | TS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73664 |
T17 | 1624-1626 | Chemical | denotes | TS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73664 |
T18 | 2804-2808 | Chemical | denotes | MEGA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6617 |
T19 | 3033-3043 | Chemical | denotes | nucleotide | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36976 |
T20 | 3045-3047 | Chemical | denotes | nt | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36976 |
T21 | 3119-3123 | Chemical | denotes | MEGA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6617 |
T22 | 3145-3155 | Chemical | denotes | nucleotide | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36976 |
T23 | 3171-3181 | Chemical | denotes | amino acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709 |
T24 | 3171-3176 | Chemical | denotes | amino | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882 |
T25 | 3177-3181 | Chemical | denotes | acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527 |
T26 | 3183-3185 | Chemical | denotes | aa | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709 |
T27 | 3446-3453 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T28 | 3458-3465 | Chemical | denotes | epitope | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53000 |
T29 | 3545-3557 | Chemical | denotes | glycoprotein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089 |
T30 | 3668-3675 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T31 | 4010-4017 | Chemical | denotes | epitope | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53000 |
T32 | 4092-4099 | Chemical | denotes | peptide | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670 |
T33 | 4259-4266 | Chemical | denotes | peptide | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670 |
T34 | 4510-4517 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T35 | 4753-4755 | Chemical | denotes | PI | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28874|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53806|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61484|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74790 |
T39 | 4770-4777 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T40 | 4871-4873 | Chemical | denotes | PI | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28874|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53806|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61484|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74790 |
T44 | 5122-5129 | Chemical | denotes | solvent | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46787 |
T45 | 5149-5151 | Chemical | denotes | PI | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28874|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53806|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61484|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74790 |
T49 | 5418-5429 | Chemical | denotes | amino acids | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709 |
T50 | 5418-5423 | Chemical | denotes | amino | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882 |
T51 | 5424-5429 | Chemical | denotes | acids | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527 |
T52 | 5514-5521 | Chemical | denotes | epitope | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53000 |
T53 | 5632-5639 | Chemical | denotes | epitope | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53000 |
T54 | 5911-5918 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T55 | 5999-6007 | Chemical | denotes | proteins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T56 | 6126-6135 | Chemical | denotes | molecules | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367 |
T57 | 6443-6450 | Chemical | denotes | antigen | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132 |
T58 | 6557-6564 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T59 | 6988-6998 | Chemical | denotes | interferon | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999 |
T60 | 6999-7004 | Chemical | denotes | gamma | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30212 |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T7 | 533-548 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046794 | denotes | viral transport |
T8 | 539-548 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006810 | denotes | transport |
T9 | 1250-1257 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004526 | denotes | RNase P |
T10 | 5873-5895 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006487 | denotes | N-linked glycosylation |
T11 | 5882-5895 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070085 | denotes | glycosylation |
T12 | 6079-6111 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046776 | denotes | major histocompatibility complex |
T13 | 6113-6116 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046776 | denotes | MHC |
T14 | 6257-6265 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007612 | denotes | learning |
T15 | 6536-6545 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006810 | denotes | transport |
LitCovid-sentences
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T48 | 0-18 | Sentence | denotes | Material & Methods |
T49 | 19-147 | Sentence | denotes | The clinical samples were referred by the hospital authorities through the Kerala State Health Services for diagnostic purposes. |
T50 | 148-252 | Sentence | denotes | Further samples were received from different parts of India for establishing the presence of SARS-CoV-2. |
T51 | 253-298 | Sentence | denotes | Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in suspected samples: |
T52 | 299-508 | Sentence | denotes | Blood and throat swab (TS) specimens were collected from the suspected cases that complied with the case definition of SARS-CoV-2 infection as per the guidelines of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare14. |
T53 | 509-556 | Sentence | denotes | The TS was collected in viral transport medium. |
T54 | 557-720 | Sentence | denotes | These samples were referred to the ICMR-NIV, Pune, India (which is the national reference laboratory for India, also referred as the government's apex laboratory). |
T55 | 721-903 | Sentence | denotes | As of February 29, 2020, 881 samples of suspected cases referred from different States, with a travel history to Wuhan, China, and other SARS-CoV-2-affected countries, were screened. |
T56 | 904-1052 | Sentence | denotes | The viral RNA was extracted from the TS sample using the Magmax RNA extraction kit (Applied Biosystems, USA) as per the manufacturer's instructions. |
T57 | 1053-1249 | Sentence | denotes | The extracted RNA was immediately used for testing the presence of SARS-CoV-2 using the real-time RT-PCR protocol published by the WHO12 for the detection of RdRp (1), RdRp (2), E gene and N gene. |
T58 | 1250-1313 | Sentence | denotes | RNase P gene was used as the internal control for the analysis. |
T59 | 1314-1403 | Sentence | denotes | Confirmatory laboratory tests were performed as per the WHO-recommended test protocols13. |
T60 | 1404-1506 | Sentence | denotes | These samples were also sequenced using the NGS approach to retrieve the complete genome of the virus. |
T61 | 1507-1591 | Sentence | denotes | NGS of SARS-CoV-2 from India - Phylogenetic analysis and molecular characterization: |
T62 | 1592-1732 | Sentence | denotes | The total RNA of three positive TS specimens from Kerala, was extracted from 250-300 μl of the SARS-CoV-2 real-time RT-PCR positive samples. |
T63 | 1733-1845 | Sentence | denotes | QIAamp Viral RNA extraction kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) was used according to the manufacturer's instructions. |
T64 | 1846-1944 | Sentence | denotes | The extracted RNA was further quantified using a Qubit RNA High-Sensitivity kit (Invitrogen, USA). |
T65 | 1945-2151 | Sentence | denotes | RNA libraries were prepared as per the earlier-defined protocol and quantified using KAPA Library Quantification Kit (Kapa Biosystems, Roche Diagnostics Corporation, USA) as per the manufacturer's protocol. |
T66 | 2152-2250 | Sentence | denotes | Further, individual libraries were neutralized and loaded on the Miniseq platform (Illumina, USA). |
T67 | 2251-2331 | Sentence | denotes | The detailed protocols for the steps undertaken have been published earlier1516. |
T68 | 2332-2447 | Sentence | denotes | The data generated from the machine were analyzed using CLC genomics workbench version 11.0 (CLC, QIAGEN, Germany). |
T69 | 2448-2529 | Sentence | denotes | Reference-based mapping was performed to retrieve the sequence of the SARS-CoV-2. |
T70 | 2530-2751 | Sentence | denotes | Full-length genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 were downloaded from the GISAID database17 (Supplementary Table I (available from http://www.ijmr.org.in/articles/2020/151/2/images/IndianJMedRes_2020_151_2_200_281471_sm5.pdf)). |
T71 | 2752-2929 | Sentence | denotes | Multiple sequence alignment was performed using the MEGA software version 7.018 with retrieved sequences from two of the three positive cases and the available GISAID sequences. |
T72 | 2930-3135 | Sentence | denotes | A phylogenetic tree was generated using the neighbour joining method and the Kimura-2-parameter as the nucleotide (nt) substitution model with 1000 bootstrap replications as implemented in MEGA software18. |
T73 | 3136-3244 | Sentence | denotes | Per cent nucleotide divergence and amino acid (aa) divergence were calculated using the p-distance method18. |
T74 | 3245-3403 | Sentence | denotes | Mutations specific to the Indian SARS-CoV-2 viruses were identified by comparing the coding regions with respect to the SARS-CoV-2, Wuhan, China (Wuhan hu-1). |
T75 | 3404-3477 | Sentence | denotes | Three-dimensional (3D) model of the spike protein and epitope prediction: |
T76 | 3478-3735 | Sentence | denotes | The pre-fusion structure of the Indian case 1 SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein was modelled using the Swiss-Model server (https://swissmodel.expasy.org/interactive) and the corresponding S protein of Wuhan-Hu-1 (6VSB.PDB) as the template (99.97% identity). |
T77 | 3736-3856 | Sentence | denotes | Sequential (linear) B-cell epitopes were predicted using BepiPred-2.0 server (http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/BepiPred/). |
T78 | 3857-4005 | Sentence | denotes | The ABCpred prediction tool (http://crdd.osdd.net/raghava/abcpred/) was also used to identify the B-cell epitopes in the Indian SARS-CoV-2 sequence. |
T79 | 4006-4108 | Sentence | denotes | The epitope prediction probability of >0.8 was set to increase the specificity of the peptide stretch. |
T80 | 4109-4222 | Sentence | denotes | The overlapping epitopes predicted by BepiPred-2.0 online server and the ABCpred prediction tool were identified. |
T81 | 4223-4422 | Sentence | denotes | The antigenicity of the shortlisted peptide sequences was further predicted using the Vaxijen online server (http://www.ddg-pharmfac.net/vaxijen/VaxiJen/VaxiJen.html) with a default threshold of 0.4. |
T82 | 4423-4696 | Sentence | denotes | Discontinuous epitopes on the modelled structure of the Indian case 1 SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were predicted using the online servers, Ellipro (http://tools.iedb.org/ellipro/) and DiscoTope 2.0 (http://tools.iedb.org/discotope/), integrated in the Immune Epitope Database. |
T83 | 4697-4848 | Sentence | denotes | Ellipro predicts epitopes based on the protusion index (PI), wherein the protein shape is approximated as an ellipsoid (Ref for Ellipro and DiscoTope). |
T84 | 4849-4983 | Sentence | denotes | An ellipsoid with the PI value of 0.8 indicates that 80 per cent of the residues are within the ellipsoid and 20 per cent are outside. |
T85 | 4984-5065 | Sentence | denotes | All residues that are outside the 80 per cent ellipsoid will have a score of 0.8. |
T86 | 5066-5144 | Sentence | denotes | Residues with larger scores are associated with greater solvent accessibility. |
T87 | 5145-5184 | Sentence | denotes | The PI value was set to a score of 0.8. |
T88 | 5185-5329 | Sentence | denotes | DiscoTope predicts epitopes using 3D structure and half-sphere exposure as a surface measure in a novel spatial neighbourhood definition method. |
T89 | 5330-5461 | Sentence | denotes | Default values were set for sensitivity (0.47) and specificity (0.75) for selecting the amino acids forming discontinuous epitopes. |
T90 | 5462-5687 | Sentence | denotes | A sensitivity of 0.47 means that 47 per cent of the epitope residues are predicted as part of the epitopes, while a specificity of 0.75 means that 25 per cent of the non-epitope residues are predicted as part of the epitopes. |
T91 | 5688-5841 | Sentence | denotes | Outputs from both the methods were combined, and the final regions were mapped on the modelled 3D-structure as the most probable conformational epitopes. |
T92 | 5842-5988 | Sentence | denotes | In addition, we also predicted N-linked glycosylation sites in the S protein using NetNGlyc 1.0 Server (http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetNGlyc/). |
T93 | 5989-6170 | Sentence | denotes | The spike proteins were also screened for the presence of potential epitopes presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). |
T94 | 6171-6390 | Sentence | denotes | The online NetCTL1.2 server (http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetCTL/) based on machine learning techniques such as artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) was used to predict the T-cell epitopes. |
T95 | 6391-6500 | Sentence | denotes | The prediction was made for all the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) supertypes and the available human alleles. |
T96 | 6501-6636 | Sentence | denotes | The C terminal cleavage, weight of transport-associated protein (TAP) efficiency and threshold for identification were kept as default. |
T97 | 6637-6777 | Sentence | denotes | VaxiJen v2.0 tool was used to predict the antigenicity of the predicted epitopes (http://www.ddg-pharmfac.net/vaxijen/VaxiJen/VaxiJen.html). |
T98 | 6778-6911 | Sentence | denotes | The sequences were further screened to be potential epitopes using the CTLPred online server (http://crdd.osdd.net/raghava/ctlpred/). |
T99 | 6912-7108 | Sentence | denotes | The ability of the predicted linear B-cell and the T-cell epitopes to mount interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) response was assessed using the IFNepitope (http://crdd.osdd.net/raghava/ifnepitope/index.php). |
2_test
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
32242873-29664366-47036564 | 2326-2328 | 29664366 | denotes | 15 |
32242873-31565258-47036565 | 2613-2615 | 31565258 | denotes | 17 |
32242873-27004904-47036566 | 2828-2831 | 27004904 | denotes | 018 |
32242873-27004904-47036567 | 3132-3134 | 27004904 | denotes | 18 |
32242873-27004904-47036568 | 3241-3243 | 27004904 | denotes | 18 |
T53539 | 2326-2328 | 29664366 | denotes | 15 |
T62421 | 2613-2615 | 31565258 | denotes | 17 |
T79581 | 2828-2831 | 27004904 | denotes | 018 |
T13164 | 3132-3134 | 27004904 | denotes | 18 |
T93390 | 3241-3243 | 27004904 | denotes | 18 |