PMC:7253235 / 31485-32766
Annnotations
LitCovid-PubTator
{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"1090","span":{"begin":50,"end":54},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1091","span":{"begin":495,"end":499},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1092","span":{"begin":501,"end":510},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1093","span":{"begin":532,"end":536},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1094","span":{"begin":783,"end":787},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1095","span":{"begin":969,"end":973},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1096","span":{"begin":191,"end":199},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1097","span":{"begin":347,"end":355},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1098","span":{"begin":597,"end":605},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1099","span":{"begin":633,"end":641},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1100","span":{"begin":767,"end":778},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1101","span":{"begin":879,"end":890},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1102","span":{"begin":1008,"end":1016},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1103","span":{"begin":121,"end":124},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1104","span":{"begin":212,"end":220},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1105","span":{"begin":235,"end":238},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1106","span":{"begin":299,"end":310},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1107","span":{"begin":338,"end":346},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1108","span":{"begin":565,"end":574},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1109","span":{"begin":588,"end":596},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1110","span":{"begin":624,"end":632},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1111","span":{"begin":705,"end":709},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1112","span":{"begin":714,"end":733},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1113","span":{"begin":816,"end":819},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1114","span":{"begin":1126,"end":1134},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1115","span":{"begin":1180,"end":1224},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1090","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1090","obj":"Gene:6622"},{"id":"A1091","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1091","obj":"Gene:3569"},{"id":"A1092","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1092","obj":"Gene:7124"},{"id":"A1093","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1093","obj":"Gene:3569"},{"id":"A1094","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1094","obj":"Gene:3569"},{"id":"A1095","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1095","obj":"Gene:6622"},{"id":"A1096","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1096","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1097","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1097","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1098","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1098","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1099","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1099","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1100","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1100","obj":"MESH:C502936"},{"id":"A1101","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1101","obj":"MESH:C502936"},{"id":"A1102","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1102","obj":"MESH:D013256"},{"id":"A1103","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1103","obj":"MESH:D003398"},{"id":"A1104","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1104","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1105","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1105","obj":"MESH:D003398"},{"id":"A1106","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1106","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A1107","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1107","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1108","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1108","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A1109","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1109","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1110","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1110","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1111","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1111","obj":"MESH:D012128"},{"id":"A1112","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1112","obj":"MESH:D009102"},{"id":"A1113","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1113","obj":"MESH:D003398"},{"id":"A1114","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1114","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A1115","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1115","obj":"MESH:D051359"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"An adverse effect that can occur with either anti-PD-1 therapy or CAR-T cell therapy involves cytokine release syndrome (CRS) which is similar to the cytokine storm phenomenon that occurs in patients with severe COVID-19 [80, 82, 83]. CRS occurs as a result of hyperimmune activation in response to tumor death, whereas cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients occurs as a result of T cell hyperactivation from immune dysregulation [80, 84]. Similar markers are elevated in both phenomena, including IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-λ, of which IL-6 has also been shown to be a mortality predictor in COVID-19 patients [27, 64, 80, 84]. COVID-19 patients that develop cytokine storm syndrome are at risk of developing ARDS and multi-organ failure [84, 85]. Immunosuppression with tocilizumab, an IL-6 inhibitor, is used to treat CRS associated with CAR-T cell therapy [80, 86]. Additionally, tocilizumab immunosuppression is used to treat immune-related adverse events (irAEs) from PD-1 inhibitors that are refractory to steroids; irAEs also occur as a result of hyperimmune activation [80, 87]. Moreover, the cytokine storm observed with COVID-19 has also been noted to be similar to that of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) which is also treated with immunosuppression [64]."}
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T71","span":{"begin":72,"end":76},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T72","span":{"begin":94,"end":102},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T73","span":{"begin":150,"end":158},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T74","span":{"begin":320,"end":328},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T75","span":{"begin":380,"end":384},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T76","span":{"begin":655,"end":663},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T77","span":{"begin":720,"end":725},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T78","span":{"begin":842,"end":846},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T79","span":{"begin":1097,"end":1105},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A71","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T71","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A72","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T72","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050"},{"id":"A73","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T73","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050"},{"id":"A74","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T74","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050"},{"id":"A75","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T75","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A76","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T76","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050"},{"id":"A77","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T77","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67498"},{"id":"A78","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T78","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A79","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T79","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050"}],"text":"An adverse effect that can occur with either anti-PD-1 therapy or CAR-T cell therapy involves cytokine release syndrome (CRS) which is similar to the cytokine storm phenomenon that occurs in patients with severe COVID-19 [80, 82, 83]. CRS occurs as a result of hyperimmune activation in response to tumor death, whereas cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients occurs as a result of T cell hyperactivation from immune dysregulation [80, 84]. Similar markers are elevated in both phenomena, including IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-λ, of which IL-6 has also been shown to be a mortality predictor in COVID-19 patients [27, 64, 80, 84]. COVID-19 patients that develop cytokine storm syndrome are at risk of developing ARDS and multi-organ failure [84, 85]. Immunosuppression with tocilizumab, an IL-6 inhibitor, is used to treat CRS associated with CAR-T cell therapy [80, 86]. Additionally, tocilizumab immunosuppression is used to treat immune-related adverse events (irAEs) from PD-1 inhibitors that are refractory to steroids; irAEs also occur as a result of hyperimmune activation [80, 87]. Moreover, the cytokine storm observed with COVID-19 has also been noted to be similar to that of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) which is also treated with immunosuppression [64]."}
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T41","span":{"begin":720,"end":725},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A41","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T41","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062"}],"text":"An adverse effect that can occur with either anti-PD-1 therapy or CAR-T cell therapy involves cytokine release syndrome (CRS) which is similar to the cytokine storm phenomenon that occurs in patients with severe COVID-19 [80, 82, 83]. CRS occurs as a result of hyperimmune activation in response to tumor death, whereas cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients occurs as a result of T cell hyperactivation from immune dysregulation [80, 84]. Similar markers are elevated in both phenomena, including IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-λ, of which IL-6 has also been shown to be a mortality predictor in COVID-19 patients [27, 64, 80, 84]. COVID-19 patients that develop cytokine storm syndrome are at risk of developing ARDS and multi-organ failure [84, 85]. Immunosuppression with tocilizumab, an IL-6 inhibitor, is used to treat CRS associated with CAR-T cell therapy [80, 86]. Additionally, tocilizumab immunosuppression is used to treat immune-related adverse events (irAEs) from PD-1 inhibitors that are refractory to steroids; irAEs also occur as a result of hyperimmune activation [80, 87]. Moreover, the cytokine storm observed with COVID-19 has also been noted to be similar to that of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) which is also treated with immunosuppression [64]."}
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T318","span":{"begin":121,"end":124},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T320","span":{"begin":212,"end":220},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T321","span":{"begin":235,"end":238},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T323","span":{"begin":299,"end":304},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T324","span":{"begin":338,"end":346},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T325","span":{"begin":588,"end":596},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T326","span":{"begin":624,"end":632},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T327","span":{"begin":664,"end":678},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T328","span":{"begin":705,"end":709},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T329","span":{"begin":714,"end":733},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T330","span":{"begin":816,"end":819},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T332","span":{"begin":1126,"end":1134},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T333","span":{"begin":1180,"end":1224},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T334","span":{"begin":1190,"end":1224},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T335","span":{"begin":1226,"end":1229},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A318","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T318","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007399"},{"id":"A319","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T318","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017361"},{"id":"A320","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T320","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A321","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T321","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007399"},{"id":"A322","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T321","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017361"},{"id":"A323","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T323","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005070"},{"id":"A324","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T324","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A325","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T325","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A326","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T326","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A327","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T327","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008496"},{"id":"A328","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T328","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502"},{"id":"A329","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T329","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0043726"},{"id":"A330","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T330","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007399"},{"id":"A331","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T330","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017361"},{"id":"A332","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T332","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A333","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T333","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0015542"},{"id":"A334","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T334","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0015540"},{"id":"A335","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T335","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0015540"}],"text":"An adverse effect that can occur with either anti-PD-1 therapy or CAR-T cell therapy involves cytokine release syndrome (CRS) which is similar to the cytokine storm phenomenon that occurs in patients with severe COVID-19 [80, 82, 83]. CRS occurs as a result of hyperimmune activation in response to tumor death, whereas cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients occurs as a result of T cell hyperactivation from immune dysregulation [80, 84]. Similar markers are elevated in both phenomena, including IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-λ, of which IL-6 has also been shown to be a mortality predictor in COVID-19 patients [27, 64, 80, 84]. COVID-19 patients that develop cytokine storm syndrome are at risk of developing ARDS and multi-organ failure [84, 85]. Immunosuppression with tocilizumab, an IL-6 inhibitor, is used to treat CRS associated with CAR-T cell therapy [80, 86]. Additionally, tocilizumab immunosuppression is used to treat immune-related adverse events (irAEs) from PD-1 inhibitors that are refractory to steroids; irAEs also occur as a result of hyperimmune activation [80, 87]. Moreover, the cytokine storm observed with COVID-19 has also been noted to be similar to that of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) which is also treated with immunosuppression [64]."}
LitCovid-PD-CLO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T237","span":{"begin":66,"end":69},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002199"},{"id":"T238","span":{"begin":70,"end":76},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084"},{"id":"T239","span":{"begin":249,"end":250},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T240","span":{"begin":273,"end":283},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T241","span":{"begin":366,"end":367},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T242","span":{"begin":378,"end":384},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084"},{"id":"T243","span":{"begin":537,"end":540},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T244","span":{"begin":563,"end":564},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T245","span":{"begin":607,"end":609},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509"},{"id":"T246","span":{"begin":720,"end":725},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003103"},{"id":"T247","span":{"begin":836,"end":839},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002199"},{"id":"T248","span":{"begin":840,"end":846},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084"},{"id":"T249","span":{"begin":1038,"end":1039},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T250","span":{"begin":1062,"end":1072},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T251","span":{"begin":1135,"end":1138},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"}],"text":"An adverse effect that can occur with either anti-PD-1 therapy or CAR-T cell therapy involves cytokine release syndrome (CRS) which is similar to the cytokine storm phenomenon that occurs in patients with severe COVID-19 [80, 82, 83]. CRS occurs as a result of hyperimmune activation in response to tumor death, whereas cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients occurs as a result of T cell hyperactivation from immune dysregulation [80, 84]. Similar markers are elevated in both phenomena, including IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-λ, of which IL-6 has also been shown to be a mortality predictor in COVID-19 patients [27, 64, 80, 84]. COVID-19 patients that develop cytokine storm syndrome are at risk of developing ARDS and multi-organ failure [84, 85]. Immunosuppression with tocilizumab, an IL-6 inhibitor, is used to treat CRS associated with CAR-T cell therapy [80, 86]. Additionally, tocilizumab immunosuppression is used to treat immune-related adverse events (irAEs) from PD-1 inhibitors that are refractory to steroids; irAEs also occur as a result of hyperimmune activation [80, 87]. Moreover, the cytokine storm observed with COVID-19 has also been noted to be similar to that of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) which is also treated with immunosuppression [64]."}
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T76","span":{"begin":50,"end":52},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T77","span":{"begin":495,"end":497},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T79","span":{"begin":505,"end":510},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T80","span":{"begin":532,"end":534},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T82","span":{"begin":767,"end":778},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T83","span":{"begin":783,"end":785},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T85","span":{"begin":788,"end":797},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T86","span":{"begin":879,"end":890},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T87","span":{"begin":969,"end":971},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T88","span":{"begin":974,"end":984},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T89","span":{"begin":1008,"end":1016},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A76","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T76","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74756"},{"id":"A77","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T77","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A78","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T77","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A79","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T79","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30216"},{"id":"A80","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T80","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A81","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T80","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A82","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T82","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64360"},{"id":"A83","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T83","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A84","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T83","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A85","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T85","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222"},{"id":"A86","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T86","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64360"},{"id":"A87","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T87","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74756"},{"id":"A88","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T88","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222"},{"id":"A89","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T89","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35341"}],"text":"An adverse effect that can occur with either anti-PD-1 therapy or CAR-T cell therapy involves cytokine release syndrome (CRS) which is similar to the cytokine storm phenomenon that occurs in patients with severe COVID-19 [80, 82, 83]. CRS occurs as a result of hyperimmune activation in response to tumor death, whereas cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients occurs as a result of T cell hyperactivation from immune dysregulation [80, 84]. Similar markers are elevated in both phenomena, including IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-λ, of which IL-6 has also been shown to be a mortality predictor in COVID-19 patients [27, 64, 80, 84]. COVID-19 patients that develop cytokine storm syndrome are at risk of developing ARDS and multi-organ failure [84, 85]. Immunosuppression with tocilizumab, an IL-6 inhibitor, is used to treat CRS associated with CAR-T cell therapy [80, 86]. Additionally, tocilizumab immunosuppression is used to treat immune-related adverse events (irAEs) from PD-1 inhibitors that are refractory to steroids; irAEs also occur as a result of hyperimmune activation [80, 87]. Moreover, the cytokine storm observed with COVID-19 has also been noted to be similar to that of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) which is also treated with immunosuppression [64]."}
LitCovid-PD-HP
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T173","span":{"begin":94,"end":119},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T174","span":{"begin":150,"end":164},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T175","span":{"begin":299,"end":304},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T176","span":{"begin":320,"end":334},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T177","span":{"begin":406,"end":426},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T178","span":{"begin":655,"end":669},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T179","span":{"begin":1097,"end":1111},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A173","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T173","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041"},{"id":"A174","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T174","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041"},{"id":"A175","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T175","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664"},{"id":"A176","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T176","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041"},{"id":"A177","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T177","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002958"},{"id":"A178","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T178","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041"},{"id":"A179","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T179","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041"}],"text":"An adverse effect that can occur with either anti-PD-1 therapy or CAR-T cell therapy involves cytokine release syndrome (CRS) which is similar to the cytokine storm phenomenon that occurs in patients with severe COVID-19 [80, 82, 83]. CRS occurs as a result of hyperimmune activation in response to tumor death, whereas cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients occurs as a result of T cell hyperactivation from immune dysregulation [80, 84]. Similar markers are elevated in both phenomena, including IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-λ, of which IL-6 has also been shown to be a mortality predictor in COVID-19 patients [27, 64, 80, 84]. COVID-19 patients that develop cytokine storm syndrome are at risk of developing ARDS and multi-organ failure [84, 85]. Immunosuppression with tocilizumab, an IL-6 inhibitor, is used to treat CRS associated with CAR-T cell therapy [80, 86]. Additionally, tocilizumab immunosuppression is used to treat immune-related adverse events (irAEs) from PD-1 inhibitors that are refractory to steroids; irAEs also occur as a result of hyperimmune activation [80, 87]. Moreover, the cytokine storm observed with COVID-19 has also been noted to be similar to that of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) which is also treated with immunosuppression [64]."}
LitCovid-sentences
{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T201","span":{"begin":0,"end":234},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T202","span":{"begin":235,"end":436},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T203","span":{"begin":437,"end":623},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T204","span":{"begin":624,"end":743},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T205","span":{"begin":744,"end":864},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T206","span":{"begin":865,"end":1082},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T207","span":{"begin":1083,"end":1281},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"An adverse effect that can occur with either anti-PD-1 therapy or CAR-T cell therapy involves cytokine release syndrome (CRS) which is similar to the cytokine storm phenomenon that occurs in patients with severe COVID-19 [80, 82, 83]. CRS occurs as a result of hyperimmune activation in response to tumor death, whereas cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients occurs as a result of T cell hyperactivation from immune dysregulation [80, 84]. Similar markers are elevated in both phenomena, including IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-λ, of which IL-6 has also been shown to be a mortality predictor in COVID-19 patients [27, 64, 80, 84]. COVID-19 patients that develop cytokine storm syndrome are at risk of developing ARDS and multi-organ failure [84, 85]. Immunosuppression with tocilizumab, an IL-6 inhibitor, is used to treat CRS associated with CAR-T cell therapy [80, 86]. Additionally, tocilizumab immunosuppression is used to treat immune-related adverse events (irAEs) from PD-1 inhibitors that are refractory to steroids; irAEs also occur as a result of hyperimmune activation [80, 87]. Moreover, the cytokine storm observed with COVID-19 has also been noted to be similar to that of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) which is also treated with immunosuppression [64]."}
2_test
{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32462289-32212881-24380971","span":{"begin":222,"end":224},"obj":"32212881"},{"id":"32462289-28880983-24380972","span":{"begin":226,"end":228},"obj":"28880983"},{"id":"32462289-32212881-24380973","span":{"begin":428,"end":430},"obj":"32212881"},{"id":"32462289-32114747-24380974","span":{"begin":432,"end":434},"obj":"32114747"},{"id":"32462289-32192578-24380975","span":{"begin":611,"end":613},"obj":"32192578"},{"id":"32462289-32212881-24380976","span":{"begin":615,"end":617},"obj":"32212881"},{"id":"32462289-32114747-24380977","span":{"begin":619,"end":621},"obj":"32114747"},{"id":"32462289-32114747-24380978","span":{"begin":735,"end":737},"obj":"32114747"},{"id":"32462289-32212881-24380979","span":{"begin":856,"end":858},"obj":"32212881"},{"id":"32462289-29622697-24380980","span":{"begin":860,"end":862},"obj":"29622697"},{"id":"32462289-32212881-24380981","span":{"begin":1074,"end":1076},"obj":"32212881"},{"id":"32462289-29207939-24380982","span":{"begin":1078,"end":1080},"obj":"29207939"},{"id":"32462289-32192578-24380983","span":{"begin":1277,"end":1279},"obj":"32192578"}],"text":"An adverse effect that can occur with either anti-PD-1 therapy or CAR-T cell therapy involves cytokine release syndrome (CRS) which is similar to the cytokine storm phenomenon that occurs in patients with severe COVID-19 [80, 82, 83]. CRS occurs as a result of hyperimmune activation in response to tumor death, whereas cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients occurs as a result of T cell hyperactivation from immune dysregulation [80, 84]. Similar markers are elevated in both phenomena, including IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-λ, of which IL-6 has also been shown to be a mortality predictor in COVID-19 patients [27, 64, 80, 84]. COVID-19 patients that develop cytokine storm syndrome are at risk of developing ARDS and multi-organ failure [84, 85]. Immunosuppression with tocilizumab, an IL-6 inhibitor, is used to treat CRS associated with CAR-T cell therapy [80, 86]. Additionally, tocilizumab immunosuppression is used to treat immune-related adverse events (irAEs) from PD-1 inhibitors that are refractory to steroids; irAEs also occur as a result of hyperimmune activation [80, 87]. Moreover, the cytokine storm observed with COVID-19 has also been noted to be similar to that of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) which is also treated with immunosuppression [64]."}