PMC:7253233 / 104-2647
Annnotations
LitCovid-PubTator
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23 | 111-116 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
| 24 | 117-130 | Species | denotes | coronaviruses | Tax:11118 |
| 25 | 391-399 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 26 | 516-524 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 27 | 15-42 | Disease | denotes | coronavirus disease of 2019 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 28 | 44-52 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 29 | 185-206 | Disease | denotes | neurological symptoms | MESH:D009422 |
| 30 | 280-288 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 31 | 317-325 | Disease | denotes | Seizures | MESH:D012640 |
| 32 | 371-379 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 33 | 422-434 | Disease | denotes | brain injury | MESH:D001930 |
| 34 | 438-446 | Disease | denotes | epilepsy | MESH:D004827 |
| 35 | 489-497 | Disease | denotes | seizures | MESH:D012640 |
| 36 | 506-515 | Disease | denotes | epileptic | MESH:D004827 |
| 37 | 549-557 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 47 | 625-633 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 48 | 820-830 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 49 | 984-997 | Chemical | denotes | levetiracetam | MESH:D000077287 |
| 50 | 609-618 | Disease | denotes | epileptic | MESH:D004827 |
| 51 | 703-712 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 52 | 754-766 | Disease | denotes | lung disease | MESH:D008171 |
| 53 | 853-867 | Disease | denotes | encephalopathy | MESH:D001927 |
| 54 | 933-941 | Disease | denotes | seizures | MESH:D012640 |
| 55 | 957-965 | Disease | denotes | seizures | MESH:D012640 |
| 72 | 1011-1019 | Species | denotes | Patients | Tax:9606 |
| 73 | 1331-1339 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 74 | 1559-1567 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 75 | 1758-1766 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 76 | 1931-1949 | Species | denotes | SARS-Coronavirus-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 77 | 1025-1033 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 78 | 1070-1078 | Disease | denotes | seizures | MESH:D012640 |
| 79 | 1107-1115 | Disease | denotes | seizures | MESH:D012640 |
| 80 | 1159-1167 | Disease | denotes | seizures | MESH:D012640 |
| 81 | 1386-1394 | Disease | denotes | seizures | MESH:D012640 |
| 82 | 1445-1465 | Disease | denotes | acute encephalopathy | MESH:D001927 |
| 83 | 1524-1545 | Disease | denotes | neurological symptoms | MESH:D009422 |
| 84 | 1587-1595 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 85 | 1660-1673 | Disease | denotes | organ failure | MESH:D009102 |
| 86 | 1694-1741 | Disease | denotes | intravascular coagulopathy-related brain injury | MESH:D004211 |
| 87 | 1910-1927 | Disease | denotes | neuroinvasiveness | |
| 99 | 2042-2050 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 100 | 2266-2274 | Species | denotes | Patients | Tax:9606 |
| 101 | 2017-2025 | Disease | denotes | seizures | MESH:D012640 |
| 102 | 2056-2064 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 103 | 2080-2088 | Disease | denotes | seizures | MESH:D012640 |
| 104 | 2136-2155 | Disease | denotes | cortical irritation | MESH:D001523 |
| 105 | 2249-2264 | Disease | denotes | viral infection | MESH:D001102 |
| 106 | 2298-2306 | Disease | denotes | seizures | MESH:D012640 |
| 107 | 2332-2346 | Disease | denotes | encephalopathy | MESH:D001927 |
| 108 | 2418-2427 | Disease | denotes | epileptic | MESH:D004827 |
| 109 | 2489-2497 | Disease | denotes | seizures | MESH:D012640 |
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 151-173 | Body_part | denotes | central nervous system | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma55675 |
| T2 | 422-427 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50801 |
| T3 | 754-758 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195 |
| T4 | 1660-1665 | Body_part | denotes | organ | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67498 |
| T5 | 1729-1734 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50801 |
| T6 | 1810-1815 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670 |
| T7 | 1816-1821 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50801 |
| T8 | 1863-1871 | Body_part | denotes | cytokine | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050 |
| T9 | 2163-2168 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670 |
| T10 | 2169-2174 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50801 |
| T11 | 2214-2222 | Body_part | denotes | cytokine | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050 |
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 151-173 | Body_part | denotes | central nervous system | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017 |
| T2 | 159-173 | Body_part | denotes | nervous system | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001016 |
| T3 | 422-427 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 |
| T4 | 754-758 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 |
| T5 | 1660-1665 | Body_part | denotes | organ | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062 |
| T6 | 1729-1734 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 |
| T7 | 1810-1829 | Body_part | denotes | blood–brain barrier | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000120 |
| T8 | 1810-1815 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 |
| T9 | 1816-1821 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 |
| T10 | 2163-2182 | Body_part | denotes | blood–brain barrier | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000120 |
| T11 | 2163-2168 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 |
| T12 | 2169-2174 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T2 | 15-42 | Disease | denotes | coronavirus disease of 2019 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T3 | 44-52 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T4 | 280-288 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T5 | 371-379 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T6 | 422-434 | Disease | denotes | brain injury | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0043510 |
| T7 | 428-434 | Disease | denotes | injury | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178 |
| T8 | 438-446 | Disease | denotes | epilepsy | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005027 |
| T9 | 549-557 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T10 | 703-712 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T11 | 754-766 | Disease | denotes | lung disease | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005275 |
| T12 | 820-828 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T13 | 853-867 | Disease | denotes | encephalopathy | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005560 |
| T14 | 1025-1033 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T15 | 1451-1465 | Disease | denotes | encephalopathy | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005560 |
| T16 | 1587-1595 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T17 | 1647-1673 | Disease | denotes | multi-system organ failure | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0043726 |
| T18 | 1708-1720 | Disease | denotes | coagulopathy | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001531 |
| T19 | 1729-1741 | Disease | denotes | brain injury | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0043510 |
| T20 | 1735-1741 | Disease | denotes | injury | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178 |
| T21 | 1931-1935 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T22 | 2056-2064 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T23 | 2249-2264 | Disease | denotes | viral infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108 |
| T24 | 2255-2264 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T25 | 2332-2346 | Disease | denotes | encephalopathy | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005560 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 65-66 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T2 | 111-116 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
| T3 | 151-173 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017 | denotes | central nervous system |
| T4 | 151-173 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302 | denotes | central nervous system |
| T5 | 151-173 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000908 | denotes | central nervous system |
| T6 | 361-362 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T7 | 422-427 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 | denotes | brain |
| T8 | 422-427 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302 | denotes | brain |
| T9 | 620-624 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 | denotes | male |
| T10 | 620-624 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 | denotes | male |
| T11 | 741-742 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T12 | 754-758 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 | denotes | lung |
| T13 | 754-758 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 | denotes | lung |
| T14 | 800-806 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | tested |
| T15 | 1660-1665 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003103 | denotes | organ |
| T16 | 1729-1734 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 | denotes | brain |
| T17 | 1729-1734 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302 | denotes | brain |
| T18 | 1810-1815 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 | denotes | blood |
| T19 | 1810-1815 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 | denotes | blood |
| T20 | 1816-1821 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 | denotes | brain |
| T21 | 1816-1821 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302 | denotes | brain |
| T22 | 2163-2168 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 | denotes | blood |
| T23 | 2163-2168 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 | denotes | blood |
| T24 | 2169-2174 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 | denotes | brain |
| T25 | 2169-2174 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302 | denotes | brain |
| T26 | 2235-2236 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 102-107 | Chemical | denotes | group | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433 |
| T2 | 620-624 | Chemical | denotes | male | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780 |
| T3 | 984-997 | Chemical | denotes | levetiracetam | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6437 |
| T4 | 1251-1260 | Chemical | denotes | sedatives | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35717 |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 1793-1802 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 | denotes | breakdown |
| T2 | 2183-2192 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 | denotes | breakdown |
| T3 | 2249-2264 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 | denotes | viral infection |
LitCovid-PD-HP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T2 | 317-325 | Phenotype | denotes | Seizures | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250 |
| T3 | 438-446 | Phenotype | denotes | epilepsy | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250 |
| T4 | 477-497 | Phenotype | denotes | symptomatic seizures | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011145 |
| T5 | 754-766 | Phenotype | denotes | lung disease | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002088 |
| T6 | 847-867 | Phenotype | denotes | acute encephalopathy | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0006846 |
| T7 | 933-941 | Phenotype | denotes | seizures | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250 |
| T8 | 957-965 | Phenotype | denotes | seizures | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250 |
| T9 | 1070-1078 | Phenotype | denotes | seizures | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250 |
| T10 | 1107-1115 | Phenotype | denotes | seizures | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250 |
| T11 | 1151-1167 | Phenotype | denotes | (motor) seizures | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020219 |
| T12 | 1386-1394 | Phenotype | denotes | seizures | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250 |
| T13 | 1445-1465 | Phenotype | denotes | acute encephalopathy | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0006846 |
| T14 | 1708-1720 | Phenotype | denotes | coagulopathy | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003256 |
| T15 | 2005-2025 | Phenotype | denotes | symptomatic seizures | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011145 |
| T16 | 2080-2088 | Phenotype | denotes | seizures | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250 |
| T17 | 2298-2306 | Phenotype | denotes | seizures | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250 |
| T18 | 2332-2346 | Phenotype | denotes | encephalopathy | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001298 |
| T19 | 2489-2497 | Phenotype | denotes | seizures | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250 |
LitCovid-sentences
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T4 | 0-10 | Sentence | denotes | Background |
| T5 | 11-83 | Sentence | denotes | The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a global pandemic. |
| T6 | 84-316 | Sentence | denotes | Historically, the group of human coronaviruses can also affect the central nervous system leading to neurological symptoms; however, the causative mechanisms of the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 disease are not well known. |
| T7 | 317-447 | Sentence | denotes | Seizures have not been directly reported as a part of COVID-19 outside of patients with previously known brain injury or epilepsy. |
| T8 | 448-566 | Sentence | denotes | We report two cases of acute symptomatic seizures, in non-epileptic patients, associated with severe COVID-19 disease. |
| T9 | 568-586 | Sentence | denotes | Case Presentations |
| T10 | 587-731 | Sentence | denotes | Two advanced-age, non-epileptic, male patients presented to our northeast Ohio-based health system with concern for infection in Mid-March 2020. |
| T11 | 732-831 | Sentence | denotes | Both had a history of lung disease and during their hospitalization tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. |
| T12 | 832-942 | Sentence | denotes | They developed acute encephalopathy days into their hospitalization with clinical and electrographic seizures. |
| T13 | 943-998 | Sentence | denotes | Resolution of seizures was achieved with levetiracetam. |
| T14 | 1000-1010 | Sentence | denotes | Discussion |
| T15 | 1011-1141 | Sentence | denotes | Patients with COVID-19 disease are at an elevated risk for seizures, and the mechanism of these seizures is likely multifactorial. |
| T16 | 1142-1316 | Sentence | denotes | Clinical (motor) seizures may not be readily detected in this population due to the expansive utilization of sedatives and paralytics for respiratory optimization strategies. |
| T17 | 1317-1503 | Sentence | denotes | Many of these patients are also not electrographically monitored for seizures due to limited resources, multifactorial risk for acute encephalopathy, and the risk of cross-contamination. |
| T18 | 1504-1742 | Sentence | denotes | Previously, several neurological symptoms were seen in patients with more advanced COVID-19 disease, and these were thought to be secondary to multi-system organ failure and/or disseminated intravascular coagulopathy-related brain injury. |
| T19 | 1743-1882 | Sentence | denotes | However, these patients may also have an advanced breakdown of the blood–brain barrier precipitated by pro-inflammatory cytokine reactions. |
| T20 | 1883-1985 | Sentence | denotes | The neurotropic effect and neuroinvasiveness of SARS-Coronavirus-2 have not been directly established. |
| T21 | 1987-1998 | Sentence | denotes | Conclusions |
| T22 | 1999-2073 | Sentence | denotes | Acute symptomatic seizures are possible in patients with COVID-19 disease. |
| T23 | 2074-2265 | Sentence | denotes | These seizures are likely multifactorial in origin, including cortical irritation due to blood–brain barrier breakdown, precipitated by the cytokine reaction as a part of the viral infection. |
| T24 | 2266-2436 | Sentence | denotes | Patients with clinical signs of seizures or otherwise unexplained encephalopathy may benefit from electroencephalography monitoring and/or empiric anti-epileptic therapy. |
| T25 | 2437-2543 | Sentence | denotes | Further studies are needed to elucidate the risk of seizures and benefit of monitoring in this population. |