PMC:7239603 / 16076-21086 JSONTXT

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results\nGeometrical results are summarized in Table 3. Area and circumference for the annulus and STJ are presented in Fig. 5A and B. Area and circumference in the double-ring group compared with the single-ring group were significantly reduced at the STJ but not in the annulus. We found significantly reduced expansibility in the STJ with double ring compared with single ring, but no difference in the annulus was observed between the groups.\nFigure 5: (A and B) Area at 4 defined time points (ED, MS, ES, MD) throughout the cardiac cycle for single and double rings at the annulus and STJ. (C and D) Cross-sectional diameters NC–LR, RC–LN and LC–RN at 4 defined time points throughout the cardiac cycle for single and double rings at the annulus and STJ (mean ± standard deviation). ED: end-diastole; ES: end-systole; LC: left coronary sinus; LN: left/non-coronary segment; LR: left/right-coronary segment; MD: mid-diastole; MS: mid-systole; NC: non-coronary sinus; RC: right coronary sinus; RN: right/non-coronary segment; STJ: sinotubular junction.\nTable 3: Area, circumference, segmental distance and cross-sectional diameters at the annulus and STJ for both groups\nParameter Single ring Double ring P-value between groups\nMax Min Change % Max Min Change % Max Min Change %\nAnnulus area (mm2) 320.9 ± 40.5 286.2 ± 33.5 12.1 ± 3.8 321.3 ± 38.8 282.8 ± 34.7 13.7 ± 5.5 NS NS NS\nAnnulus circumference (mm) 70.8 ± 3.8 67.2 ± 3.5 5.4 ± 1.1 71.6 ± 3.9 67.6 ± 3.5 6.0 ± 2.0 NS NS NS\nSTJ area (mm2) 234.8 ± 37.6 201.8 ± 36.5 16.9 ± 6.4 147.5 ± 31.8 136.6 ± 30.7 8.2 ± 3.1 \u003c0.001 \u003c0.001 0.001\nSTJ circumference (mm) 60.4 ± 4.9 56.5 ± 5.2 7.0 ± 3.1 49.3 ± 5.5 47.5 ± 5.5 4.1 ± 1.8 \u003c0.001 \u003c0.001 0.02\nAnnulus left/non-segment (mm) 22.1 ± 2.2 20.6 ± 1.9 6.9 ± 2.8 22.1 ± 2.5 20.5 ± 1.9 7.7 ± 3.2 NS NS NS\nAnnulus right/non-segment (mm) 20.1 ± 2.3 18.7 ± 1.9 7.6 ± 1.6 21.2 ± 3.7 19.6 ± 3.4 8.2 ± 3.6 NS NS NS\nAnnulus left/right segment (mm) 28.9 ± 3.9 27.4 ± 3.7 5.5 ± 2.0 28.6 ± 4.0 26.9 ± 4.0 6.5 ± 2.4 NS NS NS\nSTJ left/non-segment (mm) 19.4 ± 2.4 18.3 ± 2.3 6.4 ± 3.6 17.1 ± 2.3 16.4 ± 2.3 4.7 ± 1.4 NS NS NS\nSTJ right/non-segment (mm) 19.6 ± 2.9 18.1 ± 3.0 8.2 ± 3.4 15.1 ± 3.5 14.4 ± 3.4 4.8 ± 1.8 0.005 0.02 0.01\nSTJ left/right segment (mm) 21.4 ± 2.0 19.9 ± 1.8 7.4 ± 3.9 17.1 ± 2.2 16.3 ± 2.0 4.9 ± 3.0 \u003c0.001 \u003c0.001 NS\nAnnulus crystal NC–LR (crystal 1–4) 25.8 ± 1.5 23.3 ± 1.4 10.4 ± 3.2 25.6 ± 1.6 23.1 ± 1.4 11.0 ± 3.5 NS NS NS\nAnnulus crystal RC–LN (crystal 2–5) 18.8 ± 2.9 16.4 ± 2.4 14.6 ± 3.6 19.3 ± 3.0 16.8 ± 2.6 14.8 ± 4.0 NS NS NS\nAnnulus crystal LC–RN (crystal 3–6) 22.7 ± 2.2 21.5 ± 2.3 5.8 ± 2.8 22.0 ± 1.9 20.3 ± 1.7 8.0 ± 3.1 NS NS NS\nSTJ crystal NC–LR (crystal 7–10) 20.3 ± 1.8 18.7 ± 1.6 8.6 ± 3.5 15.8 ± 1.7 15.2 ± 1.7 4.1 ± 1.9 \u003c0.001 \u003c0.001 0.001\nSTJ crystal RC–LN (crystal 8–11) 17.8 ± 1.3 16.4 ± 1.2 8.8 ± 3.6 13.5 ± 2.3 12.9 ± 2.3 5.1 ± 2.5 \u003c0.001 \u003c0.001 0.009\nSTJ crystal LC–RN (crystal 9–12) 18.7 ± 2.1 17.6 ± 2.1 6.6 ± 3.9 15.4 ± 1.6 14.6 ± 1.8 5.7 ± 2.4 \u003c0.001 0.001 NS\nAll data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Crystals 1–12 representing sonomicrometry crystals.\nLC: left coronary sinus; LN: left/non-coronary segment; LR: left/right-coronary segment; Max: maximum; Min: minimum; NC: non-coronary sinus; NS: non-significant; RC: right coronary sinus; RN: right/non-coronary segment; STJ: sinotubular junction. Both in the aortic annulus and the STJ, there was no significant difference between segment expansion within each group. All 3 segments were reduced with double ring compared with single ring at the STJ, however, only significantly for the RN segment. In the aortic annulus, there was no difference between the length and expansion of the segments between the 2 groups.\nThe cross-sectional diameters in the annulus and STJ are presented at 4 defined time points throughout the cardiac cycle in Fig. 5C and D. At the STJ, the largest cross-sectional diameter was the NC–LR segment in both the single- and double-ring groups. The expansion in cross-sectional diameters at the STJ was not statistically different between the 3 segments within each group. In the aortic annulus, the largest cross-sectional diameter was also the NC–LR segment in both groups. However, the expansion was different within both groups with the largest expansion at the right coronary sinus to LN and the smallest expansion at the left coronary sinus to RN. The shape of the aortic annulus was oval and remained unchanged after single ring and double ring [20], and the shape was more circular at MD compared with MS. In the STJ, the shape was primarily circular at both MS and MD in the single-ring group, but became more oval after the double ring. However, the sphericity in the STJ was maintained throughout the cardiac cycle in each group, thus there was no change in shape configuration within each group."}