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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
1 31-39 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
12 209-256 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Tax:2697049
13 258-268 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
14 1093-1100 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
15 462-469 Chemical denotes Cepheid
16 163-187 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 MESH:C000657245
17 189-197 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
18 300-308 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
19 891-899 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
20 1116-1136 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
21 1399-1407 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
33 1632-1634 Gene denotes EP Gene:2069
34 1410-1420 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
35 1850-1863 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
36 1865-1869 Species denotes CoVs Tax:11118
37 1899-1909 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
38 1876-1888 Disease denotes lung disease MESH:D008171
39 1932-1940 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
40 2010-2018 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
41 2288-2294 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
42 2355-2363 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
43 2466-2474 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
54 2607-2617 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
55 2824-2832 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
56 2900-2906 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
57 2971-2979 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
58 3048-3056 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
59 3231-3240 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
60 3253-3261 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
61 3277-3283 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
62 3363-3369 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
63 3608-3616 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
93 3677-3687 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
94 3707-3713 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
95 3718-3723 Species denotes human Tax:9606
96 3888-3898 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
97 3957-3967 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
98 4007-4012 Species denotes human Tax:9606
99 4013-4021 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
100 4115-4122 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
101 4332-4342 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
102 4522-4528 Species denotes people Tax:9606
103 5387-5394 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
104 4152-4168 Disease denotes chronic diseases MESH:D002908
105 4178-4190 Disease denotes hypertension MESH:D006973
106 4192-4209 Disease denotes diabetes mellitus MESH:D003920
107 4211-4234 Disease denotes cardiovascular diseases MESH:D002318
108 4240-4252 Disease denotes lung disease MESH:D008171
109 4297-4305 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
110 4318-4326 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
111 4405-4414 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
112 4504-4512 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
113 4513-4521 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
114 4601-4610 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
115 4739-4747 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
116 4771-4780 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
117 5182-5190 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
118 5191-5200 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
119 5359-5374 Disease denotes CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
120 5481-5489 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
121 5490-5499 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
131 5931-5935 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
132 6769-6771 Gene denotes EP Gene:2069
133 5589-5599 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
134 6228-6238 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
135 6673-6683 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
136 6816-6826 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
137 6330-6339 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
138 6517-6526 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
139 6574-6583 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
146 6994-7004 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
147 7400-7407 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
148 7112-7132 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
149 7356-7371 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
150 7441-7461 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
151 7645-7654 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
178 8325-8329 Gene denotes RdRp Gene:43740578
179 8406-8410 Gene denotes RdRp Gene:43740578
180 8541-8546 Gene denotes ORF1b Gene:43740578
181 8551-8552 Gene denotes N Gene:43740575
182 8646-8651 Gene denotes Orf1b Gene:43740578
183 8731-8736 Gene denotes ORF1b Gene:43740578
184 9103-9107 Gene denotes RdRp Gene:43740578
185 9108-9116 Gene denotes helicase Gene:164045
186 8603-8604 Gene denotes N Gene:43740575
187 8173-8183 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
188 8223-8236 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
189 8259-8269 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
190 8564-8574 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
191 8821-8829 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
192 8919-8929 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
193 8935-8943 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
194 9130-9140 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
195 9179-9184 Species denotes human Tax:9606
196 9185-9198 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
197 9562-9572 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
198 9775-9785 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
199 10421-10431 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
200 7899-7907 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
201 9277-9285 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
202 10153-10161 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
203 10205-10225 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
210 11296-11300 Gene denotes RdRp Gene:43740578
211 10796-10806 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
212 10972-10982 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
213 10712-10721 Disease denotes Abbott ID MESH:C537985
214 10727-10735 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
215 11098-11106 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
233 13006-13025 Gene denotes MicroReader 1 and 2
234 11783-11793 Species denotes SARS-COV-2 Tax:2697049
235 12381-12391 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
236 12661-12664 Chemical denotes DPP MESH:C038694
237 11794-11803 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
238 11850-11858 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
239 12330-12338 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
240 12665-12673 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
241 13390-13394 Disease denotes CHIL
242 13532-13540 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
243 13749-13757 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
244 13967-13975 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
245 14066-14074 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
246 14169-14177 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
247 14297-14306 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
248 14383-14403 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
249 14428-14436 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
258 15163-15181 Gene denotes C-reactive protein Gene:1401
259 15183-15186 Gene denotes CRP Gene:1401
260 14489-14499 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
261 14896-14903 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
262 14536-14543 Chemical denotes Diazyme
263 14684-14694 Chemical denotes Diazyme DZ
264 14981-14989 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
265 15224-15232 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
268 15315-15332 Disease denotes IVD manufacturers MESH:C538167
269 15491-15511 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
276 16048-16058 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
277 16633-16643 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
278 16161-16168 Chemical denotes glucose MESH:D005947
279 15961-15969 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
280 16387-16390 Disease denotes GPS MESH:D055652
281 16713-16721 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
297 16779-16785 Species denotes people Tax:9606
298 16804-16814 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
299 17284-17290 Species denotes people Tax:9606
300 17880-17890 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
301 16786-16794 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
302 16857-16865 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
303 16969-16977 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
304 17399-17407 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
305 17495-17503 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
306 17659-17667 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
307 17793-17813 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
308 17838-17847 Disease denotes Abbott ID MESH:C537985
309 17853-17861 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
310 17960-17968 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
311 18103-18111 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
401 18518-18528 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 1031-1047 Body_part denotes immunoglobulin M http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873
T2 1049-1052 Body_part denotes IgM http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873
T3 1058-1074 Body_part denotes immunoglobulin G http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T4 1076-1079 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T5 1463-1479 Body_part denotes ribonucleic acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T6 1481-1484 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T7 1526-1534 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T8 1555-1562 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T9 1589-1592 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T10 1600-1607 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T11 1623-1630 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T12 1650-1657 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T13 1876-1880 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T14 4240-4244 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T15 5057-5062 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576
T16 5674-5686 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T17 5868-5872 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T18 5950-5973 Body_part denotes lower respiratory tract http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45662
T19 5993-5997 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T20 6354-6358 Body_part denotes mRNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67122
T21 6397-6400 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T22 6464-6469 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T23 6473-6478 Body_part denotes urine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma12274
T24 6604-6611 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T25 6724-6731 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T26 6805-6812 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T27 7011-7019 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T28 7042-7047 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T29 7051-7057 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T30 7291-7294 Body_part denotes IgM http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873
T31 7299-7302 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T32 7373-7376 Body_part denotes IgM http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873
T33 7469-7472 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T34 7520-7523 Body_part denotes IgM http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873
T35 7561-7564 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T36 7617-7621 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T37 7623-7626 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T38 8184-8187 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T39 8270-8273 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T40 8295-8298 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T41 8309-8312 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T42 8331-8335 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T43 8350-8354 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T44 8411-8415 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T45 8605-8609 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T46 9349-9355 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T47 9357-9363 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T48 9369-9392 Body_part denotes upper respiratory tract http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45661
T49 10011-10017 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T50 10526-10530 Body_part denotes nose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma46472
T51 10534-10540 Body_part denotes throat http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma228738
T52 10963-10966 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T53 11301-11305 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T54 11320-11326 Body_part denotes throat http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma228738
T55 11724-11727 Body_part denotes IgM http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873
T56 11732-11735 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T57 11909-11912 Body_part denotes IgM http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873
T58 11917-11920 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T59 12015-12021 Body_part denotes finger http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9666
T60 12030-12035 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T61 12048-12053 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T62 12054-12060 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T63 12411-12413 Body_part denotes AG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61898
T64 12461-12467 Body_part denotes finger http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9666
T65 12476-12481 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T66 12674-12677 Body_part denotes IgM http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873
T67 12678-12681 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T68 12841-12847 Body_part denotes finger http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9666
T69 12856-12861 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T70 12970-12973 Body_part denotes eye http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma54448
T71 13095-13098 Body_part denotes IgM http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873
T72 13099-13102 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T73 13324-13328 Body_part denotes Gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T74 13413-13417 Body_part denotes Gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T75 14215-14218 Body_part denotes IgM http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873
T76 14223-14226 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T77 14505-14508 Body_part denotes IgM http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873
T78 14513-14516 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T79 14877-14880 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T80 14885-14888 Body_part denotes IgM http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873
T81 15174-15181 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T82 15443-15446 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T83 15451-15454 Body_part denotes IgM http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873
T84 16155-16160 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T85 16161-16168 Body_part denotes glucose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82743
T86 17453-17456 Body_part denotes IgM http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873
T87 17461-17464 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 1876-1880 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T2 4240-4244 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T3 5057-5062 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443
T4 5950-5973 Body_part denotes lower respiratory tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001558
T5 5956-5973 Body_part denotes respiratory tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065
T6 5993-5997 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T7 6464-6469 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977
T8 6473-6478 Body_part denotes urine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001088
T9 7042-7047 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977
T10 7617-7621 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T11 9349-9355 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836
T12 9369-9392 Body_part denotes upper respiratory tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001557
T13 9375-9392 Body_part denotes respiratory tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065
T14 10526-10530 Body_part denotes nose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000004
T15 10534-10540 Body_part denotes throat http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000341
T16 11320-11326 Body_part denotes throat http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000341
T17 12015-12021 Body_part denotes finger http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002389
T18 12030-12035 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T19 12048-12053 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977
T20 12461-12467 Body_part denotes finger http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002389
T21 12476-12481 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T22 12841-12847 Body_part denotes finger http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002389
T23 12856-12861 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T24 12970-12973 Body_part denotes eye http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000970
T25 16155-16160 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T26 16690-16695 Body_part denotes scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002542

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 31-39 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T2 163-187 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T3 189-197 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T4 209-256 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T5 209-242 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T6 258-266 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T7 300-308 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T8 891-899 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T9 1116-1124 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T10 1127-1136 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T11 1399-1407 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T12 1410-1418 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T13 1632-1634 Disease denotes EP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002754
T14 1876-1888 Disease denotes lung disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005275
T15 1899-1907 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T16 1932-1940 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T17 2010-2018 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T18 2355-2363 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T19 2466-2474 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T20 2607-2615 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T21 2824-2832 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T22 2971-2979 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T23 3048-3056 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T24 3253-3261 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T25 3608-3616 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T26 3677-3685 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T27 3888-3896 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T28 3957-3965 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T29 4013-4021 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T30 4045-4049 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T31 4178-4190 Disease denotes hypertension http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005044
T32 4192-4209 Disease denotes diabetes mellitus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015
T33 4211-4234 Disease denotes cardiovascular diseases http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004995
T34 4240-4252 Disease denotes lung disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005275
T35 4297-4305 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T36 4332-4340 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T37 4405-4414 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T38 4504-4512 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T39 4601-4610 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T40 4739-4747 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T41 4771-4780 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T42 5182-5190 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T43 5191-5200 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T44 5354-5362 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T45 5365-5374 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T46 5481-5489 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T47 5490-5499 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T48 5589-5597 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T49 6228-6236 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T50 6330-6339 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T51 6517-6526 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T52 6574-6583 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T53 6673-6681 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T54 6769-6771 Disease denotes EP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002754
T55 6816-6824 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T56 6994-7002 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T57 7112-7120 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T58 7123-7132 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T59 7356-7371 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T60 7362-7371 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T61 7441-7449 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T62 7452-7461 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T63 7645-7654 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T64 7899-7907 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T65 8173-8181 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T66 8259-8267 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T67 8564-8572 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T68 8821-8829 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T69 8919-8927 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T70 8935-8943 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T71 9130-9138 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T72 9277-9285 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T73 9562-9570 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T74 9775-9783 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T75 10153-10161 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T76 10205-10213 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T77 10216-10225 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T78 10421-10429 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T79 10478-10487 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T80 10727-10735 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T81 10796-10804 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T82 10972-10980 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T83 11098-11106 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T84 11783-11787 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T85 11794-11803 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T86 11850-11858 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T87 12330-12338 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T88 12381-12389 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T89 12665-12673 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T90 13532-13540 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T91 13749-13757 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T92 13967-13975 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T93 14066-14074 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T94 14169-14177 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T95 14297-14306 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T96 14383-14391 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T97 14394-14403 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T98 14428-14436 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T99 14489-14497 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T100 14981-14989 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T101 15224-15232 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T102 15491-15499 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T103 15502-15511 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T104 15961-15969 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T105 16048-16056 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T106 16387-16390 Disease denotes GPS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007686
T107 16633-16641 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T108 16713-16721 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T109 16804-16812 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T110 16857-16865 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T111 17399-17407 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T112 17495-17503 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T113 17659-17667 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T114 17793-17801 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T115 17804-17813 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T116 17853-17861 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T117 17880-17888 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T118 17960-17968 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T119 18103-18111 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T120 18518-18526 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 394-395 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T2 430-433 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T3 452-454 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 45
T4 600-605 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T5 764-765 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T6 1424-1425 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T7 1486-1491 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T8 1564-1566 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008192 denotes NP
T9 1641-1649 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T10 1699-1702 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T11 1703-1704 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T12 1830-1831 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T13 1876-1880 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T14 1876-1880 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T15 1961-1973 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organisation
T16 1987-1989 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T17 2022-2023 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T18 2105-2106 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T19 2125-2127 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T20 2370-2373 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T21 2618-2621 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T22 2776-2778 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007874 denotes MS
T23 2958-2961 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T24 3707-3713 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T25 3718-3723 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T26 3724-3730 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T27 3751-3758 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T28 3851-3855 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bats
T29 3968-3971 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T30 4007-4012 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T31 4041-4044 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T32 4240-4244 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T33 4240-4244 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T34 4261-4262 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T35 4424-4427 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T36 4465-4472 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T37 4813-4816 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T38 5055-5056 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T39 5057-5062 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 denotes chest
T40 5104-5105 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T41 5272-5273 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T42 5666-5667 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T43 5744-5746 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T44 5751-5753 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T45 5751-5753 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T46 5760-5762 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T47 5772-5773 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T48 5868-5872 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T49 5950-5973 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001558 denotes lower respiratory tract
T50 5975-5977 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T51 5999-6001 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T52 5999-6001 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T53 6047-6055 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T54 6155-6157 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T55 6239-6242 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T56 6243-6245 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008192 denotes NP
T57 6362-6364 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008192 denotes NP
T58 6402-6404 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008192 denotes NP
T59 6559-6562 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050884 denotes ten
T60 6596-6597 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T61 6636-6637 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T62 7051-7057 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T63 7199-7204 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T64 7659-7660 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T65 7684-7685 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T66 7782-7784 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008192 denotes NP
T67 7988-7989 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T68 8242-8246 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T69 8331-8335 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T70 8350-8354 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T71 8411-8415 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T72 8452-8459 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T73 8605-8609 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T74 8677-8681 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T75 8856-8863 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T76 9121-9126 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes genes
T77 9179-9184 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T78 9215-9222 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T79 9341-9348 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T80 9357-9363 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T81 9536-9543 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test is
T82 9573-9577 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T83 9626-9628 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 45
T84 9676-9677 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T85 9728-9732 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T86 9863-9867 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T87 9882-9883 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T88 10022-10025 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T89 10162-10166 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T90 10186-10188 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T91 10262-10270 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test was
T92 10343-10344 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T93 10385-10389 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T94 10459-10466 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T95 10488-10489 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T96 10494-10495 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T97 10526-10530 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000828 denotes nose
T98 10558-10559 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T99 10583-10584 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T100 10675-10676 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T101 10736-10743 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test is
T102 10836-10837 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T103 10852-10856 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T104 10988-10992 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T105 11125-11126 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T106 11157-11167 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes instrument
T107 11242-11243 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T108 11271-11272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T109 11283-11287 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T110 11301-11305 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T111 11406-11411 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T112 11491-11494 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T113 11542-11543 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T114 11646-11651 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T115 11837-11842 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T116 11859-11863 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T117 12030-12035 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T118 12030-12035 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T119 12054-12060 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T120 12086-12096 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes instrument
T121 12319-12326 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T122 12369-12376 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test is
T123 12424-12426 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T124 12476-12481 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T125 12476-12481 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T126 12576-12580 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T127 12682-12686 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T128 12740-12743 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T129 12776-12777 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T130 12793-12797 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T131 12856-12861 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T132 12856-12861 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T133 12907-12914 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test is
T134 12970-12973 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000827 denotes eye
T135 13071-13072 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T136 13103-13108 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T137 13324-13328 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes Gene
T138 13413-13417 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes Gene
T139 13470-13474 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008416 denotes peer
T140 13470-13474 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050081 denotes peer
T141 13582-13587 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T142 13611-13616 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T143 13624-13629 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T144 13647-13648 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T145 13874-13879 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T146 14056-14061 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T147 14443-14448 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T148 14517-14522 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T149 14587-14592 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T150 14742-14743 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T151 14761-14766 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T152 14795-14798 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T153 14824-14829 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T154 15020-15025 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T155 15127-15132 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T156 15652-15653 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T157 15876-15883 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T158 15887-15888 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T159 16039-16043 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T160 16100-16106 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes device
T161 16155-16160 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T162 16155-16160 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T163 16316-16317 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T164 16513-16519 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes device
T165 16541-16542 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T166 16605-16611 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes device
T167 16702-16709 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T168 17443-17448 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T169 17504-17511 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T170 17541-17542 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T171 17611-17616 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T172 17709-17710 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T173 17862-17866 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T174 17903-17904 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T175 17969-17976 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 752-754 Chemical denotes CE http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3663
T2 955-957 Chemical denotes IA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74062
T3 1003-1005 Chemical denotes IA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74062
T4 1463-1479 Chemical denotes ribonucleic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33697
T5 1475-1479 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T6 1481-1484 Chemical denotes RNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33697
T7 1526-1534 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T8 1555-1562 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T9 1564-1566 Chemical denotes NP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53793|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73425
T12 1589-1592 Chemical denotes RNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33697
T13 1600-1607 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T14 1609-1611 Chemical denotes SP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74820
T15 1623-1630 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T16 1632-1634 Chemical denotes EP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73508
T17 1650-1657 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T18 1659-1661 Chemical denotes MP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73612
T19 1807-1812 Chemical denotes crown http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37409
T20 2776-2778 Chemical denotes MS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73613
T21 4968-4980 Chemical denotes nucleic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T22 4976-4980 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T23 5645-5647 Chemical denotes SP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74820
T24 5660-5662 Chemical denotes SP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74820
T25 5674-5686 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T26 5751-5753 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T27 5889-5900 Chemical denotes angiotensin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433
T28 5999-6001 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T29 6064-6066 Chemical denotes SP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74820
T30 6140-6145 Chemical denotes amino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882
T31 6169-6171 Chemical denotes SP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74820
T32 6205-6212 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T33 6243-6245 Chemical denotes NP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53793|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73425
T36 6362-6364 Chemical denotes NP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53793|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73425
T39 6397-6400 Chemical denotes RNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33697
T40 6402-6404 Chemical denotes NP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53793|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73425
T43 6604-6611 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T44 6693-6695 Chemical denotes MP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73612
T45 6724-6731 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T46 6769-6771 Chemical denotes EP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73508
T47 6805-6812 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T48 7011-7019 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T49 7782-7784 Chemical denotes NP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53793|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73425
T52 7789-7791 Chemical denotes SP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74820
T53 8184-8187 Chemical denotes RNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33697
T54 8270-8273 Chemical denotes RNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33697
T55 8295-8298 Chemical denotes RNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33697
T56 8309-8312 Chemical denotes RNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33697
T57 10630-10638 Chemical denotes reagents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33893
T58 10719-10721 Chemical denotes ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141439
T59 10886-10898 Chemical denotes nucleic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T60 10894-10898 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T61 10963-10966 Chemical denotes RNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33697
T62 11175-11177 Chemical denotes ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141439
T63 12411-12413 Chemical denotes AG http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27569|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_40618|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73757
T66 12661-12664 Chemical denotes DPP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_34680|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60069
T68 15174-15181 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T69 15251-15253 Chemical denotes CE http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3663
T70 16161-16168 Chemical denotes glucose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17234|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4167
T72 17673-17682 Chemical denotes biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59163
T73 17845-17847 Chemical denotes ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141439

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 1876-1888 Phenotype denotes lung disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002088
T2 4178-4190 Phenotype denotes hypertension http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000822
T3 4192-4209 Phenotype denotes diabetes mellitus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819
T4 4211-4234 Phenotype denotes cardiovascular diseases http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001626
T5 4240-4252 Phenotype denotes lung disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002088

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 334-347 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 denotes transcriptase
T2 334-347 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003899 denotes transcriptase
T3 4667-4680 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 denotes transcriptase
T4 4667-4680 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003899 denotes transcriptase
T5 6047-6062 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061025 denotes membrane fusion
T6 6537-6551 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T7 6849-6863 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019068 denotes viral assembly
T8 6889-6901 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes pathogenesis
T9 7356-7371 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T10 15573-15594 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 denotes reverse transcription
T11 15581-15594 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351 denotes transcription
T12 16268-16275 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051235 denotes storage
T13 16520-16526 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007613 denotes memory

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-40 Sentence denotes In Vitro Diagnostic Assays for COVID-19:
T2 41-76 Sentence denotes Recent Advances and Emerging Trends
T3 78-86 Sentence denotes Abstract
T4 87-270 Sentence denotes There have been tremendous advances in in vitro diagnostic (IVD) assays for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
T5 271-406 Sentence denotes The main IVD assays used for COVID-19 employ real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that takes a few hours.
T6 407-470 Sentence denotes But the assay duration has been shortened to 45 min by Cepheid.
T7 471-584 Sentence denotes Of interest is the point-of-care (POC) molecular assay by Abbott that decreased the assay duration to just 5 min.
T8 585-763 Sentence denotes Most molecular tests have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under emergency use authorization (EUA) and are Conformité Européenne (CE) marked.
T9 764-900 Sentence denotes A wide range of serology immunoassays (IAs) have also been developed that complement the molecular assays for the diagnosis of COVID-19.
T10 901-1137 Sentence denotes The most prominent IAs are automated chemiluminescent IA (CLIA), manual ELISA, and rapid lateral flow IA (LFIA), which detect the immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) produced in persons in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
T11 1138-1271 Sentence denotes The ongoing research efforts and advances in complementary technologies will pave the way to new POC IVD assays in the coming months.
T12 1272-1408 Sentence denotes However, the performance of IVD assays needs to be critically evaluated before they are employed for the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19.
T13 1410-1695 Sentence denotes SARS-CoV-2 is a large positive-sense single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus that comprises of four structural proteins, i.e., nucleocapsid protein (NP) that holds the viral RNA, spike protein (SP), envelope protein (EP), and membrane protein (MP), that create the viral envelope.
T14 1696-1871 Sentence denotes It has a diameter of 50–200 nm and possesses spikes on its surface (up to 20 nm in length) that provide it the crown-like appearance, a characteristic of coronaviruses (CoVs).
T15 1872-1996 Sentence denotes The lung disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 was given the name of COVID-19 by the World Health Organisation (WHO) on Feb 11, 2020.
T16 1997-2134 Sentence denotes WHO declared COVID-19 as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) on January 30, 2020 and a pandemic on March 11, 2020.
T17 2135-2328 Sentence denotes Although China was the epicenter of the pandemic in the beginning, Europe was declared as the new epicenter on March 13, 2020 as the number of cases and deaths in Europe exceeded that of China.
T18 2329-2518 Sentence denotes However, as the number of COVID-19 cases has increased significantly in the United States recently, it could become the new epicenter of COVID-19, as mentioned by the WHO on March 24, 2020.
T19 2519-2799 Sentence denotes Since its discovery in the Hubei province of Wuhan city in China in late December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has now spread to 204 countries worldwide and also affecting two international conveyances, i.e., the Diamond Princess cruise ship, and the Holland America’s MS Zaandam cruise ship.
T20 2800-2922 Sentence denotes The number of confirmed COVID-19 cases worldwide exceeds 1 million [1,2] while the number of global deaths exceeds 53,000.
T21 2923-3063 Sentence denotes The United States of America (USA) has the most COVID-19 cases with over 245,000 cases, representing about 24% of the global COVID-19 cases.
T22 3064-3160 Sentence denotes Italy, Spain, and Germany follow it, with over 115,000, 112,000, and 84,000 cases, respectively.
T23 3161-3384 Sentence denotes However, Italy is the most affected country, as evident from the high mortality rate due to COVID-19 of over 14,000 deaths, while Spain and the USA are also seriously impacted with over 10,000 and 6000 deaths, respectively.
T24 3385-3513 Sentence denotes The last few weeks have led to an exponential increase in the number of cases in the USA, UK, Iran, and the European Union (EU).
T25 3514-3676 Sentence denotes However, Singapore, South Korea, and China have managed to successfully contain the spread of COVID-19 by taking all essential measures to deal with the pandemic.
T26 3677-3810 Sentence denotes SARS-CoV-2 was transmitted to humans via human–animal contact at the live animals market in Wuhan, China, in late December, 2019 [3].
T27 3811-3932 Sentence denotes Chinese researchers found its origin in bats, but the intermediate hosts for SARS-CoV-2 have not yet been identified [4].
T28 3933-4068 Sentence denotes The genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 has about 82% sequence homology to the human SARS-CoV and about 89% with bat SARS-like-CoVZXC21 [5].
T29 4069-4343 Sentence denotes The aged population (age above 65 years), and persons having decreased immunity or chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and lung disease, are at a higher risk for developing severe COVID-19 if they are infected with SARS-CoV-2.
T30 4344-4415 Sentence denotes Therefore, they must take special precautions to prevent the infection.
T31 4416-4611 Sentence denotes The WHO has stressed the need for more intensive testing of suspected cases to identify COVID-19 infected people so that they can be quarantined in order to avoid the further spread of infection.
T32 4612-4877 Sentence denotes It is also evident that the existing real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain (RT-PCR) assays are unable to detect the COVID-19 in the early stages of infection, and there are reports where it has given false negatives in subjects for up to two weeks [6,7].
T33 4878-5054 Sentence denotes The reason of false negative results by RT-PCR could be due to the improper extraction of nucleic acid from clinical materials and insufficient cellular material for detection.
T34 5055-5251 Sentence denotes A chest computerized tomography (CT) scan act as a complementary diagnostic tool that enables physicians to effectively detect COVID-19 infection in several such RT-PCR false-negative cases [8,9].
T35 5252-5421 Sentence denotes Therefore, there is a need for developing better in vitro diagnostic (IVD) assays that can detect the SARS-CoV-2 infection reliably in persons even at the initial stage.
T36 5422-5571 Sentence denotes The specific biomarkers involved during the early stage of COVID-19 infection should be investigated and employed for the development of diagnostics.
T37 5572-5659 Sentence denotes The structure of SARS-CoV-2 comprises of spikes, which are formed by the SP (Figure 1).
T38 5660-5692 Sentence denotes SP is a major glycoprotein (Mol.
T39 5693-5759 Sentence denotes Wt. ~180 kDa) that consists of two subunits, i.e., S1 and S2 [10].
T40 5760-5979 Sentence denotes S1 contains a receptor binding domain (RBD), which is responsible for recognizing and binding with the host cell receptor, i.e., angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2) found in the lower respiratory tract [11].
T41 5980-6063 Sentence denotes On the other hand, S2 contains other basic elements needed for the membrane fusion.
T42 6064-6213 Sentence denotes SP is the common target for neutralizing antibodies and vaccines, while the amino-terminal S1 subunit of SP is the most variable immunogenic antigen.
T43 6214-6251 Sentence denotes Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 has NP (Mol.
T44 6252-6340 Sentence denotes Wt. ~40 kDa), the most abundant viral phosphoprotein produced and shed during infection.
T45 6341-6401 Sentence denotes The template mRNA of NP is the most abundant subgenomic RNA.
T46 6402-6589 Sentence denotes NP exhibits high immunogenicity and can be detected in either serum or urine samples during the first two weeks of infection with peak viral shedding around ten days after infection [12].
T47 6590-6659 Sentence denotes Being a large protein, it can be detected via a sandwich immunoassay.
T48 6660-6764 Sentence denotes Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 contains MP, which is the most abundant protein on the complete virion particle.
T49 6765-6902 Sentence denotes The EP is the smallest major structural protein of SARS-CoV-2, which is involved in viral assembly, release of virions, and pathogenesis.
T50 6903-7058 Sentence denotes Several serological immunoassays have been developed by IVD companies for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and antibodies in the serum or plasma.
T51 7059-7372 Sentence denotes The most widely used biomarkers for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in commercial immunoassays (rapid lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) tests, automated chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), manual ELISA, and other formats) are IgM and IgG antibodies produced in suspects from the 2nd week of viral infection.
T52 7373-7515 Sentence denotes IgM can be detected in the patient samples from 10 to 30 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection, while IgG can be detected from 20 days onwards [13].
T53 7516-7603 Sentence denotes The IgM response occurs earlier than that of IgG, but it then decreases and disappears.
T54 7604-7702 Sentence denotes On the other hand, IgG can persist after infection for a long time and may have a protective role.
T55 7703-7832 Sentence denotes Several manual ELISA kits are also commercially available for the detection of NP and SP, but these are used mainly for research.
T56 7833-7987 Sentence denotes The most widely used IVD assays for the confirmatory diagnosis of COVID-19 are based on RT-PCR that have been employed globally to deal with the pandemic.
T57 7988-8145 Sentence denotes A novel and robust real-time RT-PCR assay was developed by Tib-Molbiol, Germany, in collaboration with various partners by the 2nd week of January 2020 [14].
T58 8146-8237 Sentence denotes It was highly specific for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and did not cross-react with other coronaviruses.
T59 8238-8343 Sentence denotes The test detects the SARS-CoV-2 RNA via envelope (E) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene assays.
T60 8344-8460 Sentence denotes The E-gene assay was used for first line screening, while the RdRp gene assay was employed for confirmatory testing.
T61 8461-8598 Sentence denotes In another approach, the researchers developed one-step RT-PCR assays to detect ORF1b and N regions of SARS-CoV-2 in 1 h and 15 min [15].
T62 8599-8682 Sentence denotes The N gene assay was used for screening, while Orf1b was used as confirmatory test.
T63 8683-8864 Sentence denotes However, as the assay involved the detection of ORF1b and N regions that are highly conserved among sarbecoviruses, it could also bind to SARS-CoV and other closely-related viruses.
T64 8865-9023 Sentence denotes The authors mentioned that they could distinguish the SARS-CoV-2 from SARS-CoV via sequence analysis of positive amplicons if the RT-PCR results are positive.
T65 9024-9228 Sentence denotes Of interest was the development of real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of RdRp/helicase (H) genes of SARS-CoV-2, which did not cross-react with other human coronaviruses and respiratory viruses [16].
T66 9229-9401 Sentence denotes Due to its high sensitivity, it can be used for COVID-19 detection in samples that have low viral loads and for testing saliva, plasma, and upper respiratory tract samples.
T67 9402-9493 Sentence denotes Many RT-PCR assays have already been developed by many companies and researchers worldwide.
T68 9494-9669 Sentence denotes The most prominent real-time RT-PCR rapid test is the Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2 test by Cepheid, USA, which provides results in just 45 min using GenXpert benchtop system [17].
T69 9670-9858 Sentence denotes It is a rapid and automated point-of-care (POC) molecular test that enables the qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab, nasal wash, or aspirate specimens from suspects.
T70 9859-10018 Sentence denotes The test requires only a minute for sample preparation, employs Cepheid’s Xpert® Xpress cartridge technology, and targets multiple regions of the viral genome.
T71 10019-10109 Sentence denotes It has also received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) emergency use authorization (EUA).
T72 10110-10257 Sentence denotes Another prominent advance is the Vivalytic COVID-19 test by Bosch, Germany [18], which detects SARS-CoV-2 infection in suspects in less than 2.5 h.
T73 10258-10336 Sentence denotes The test was developed by Bosch in collaboration with Randox Laboratories, UK.
T74 10337-10496 Sentence denotes It is a fully automated and rapid POC molecular test that can simultaneously detect SARS-CoV-2 and nine other respiratory viruses, including influenza A and B.
T75 10497-10639 Sentence denotes The sample is taken from the nose or throat of suspect using a swab and placed inside a Vivalytic cartridge containing all the assay reagents.
T76 10640-10711 Sentence denotes The cartridge is then plugged into a small benchtop Vivalytic analyzer.
T77 10712-10829 Sentence denotes Abbott ID Now™ COVID-19 test is the most recent breakthrough IVD assay that detects SARS-CoV-2 in just 5 min [19,20].
T78 10830-10983 Sentence denotes It is a molecular POC test that utilizes the isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology for the qualitative detection of viral RNA from SARS-CoV-2.
T79 10984-11107 Sentence denotes The test can be used in any location, such as hospitals, clinics, physicians’ offices, or in outbreak hotspots of COVID-19.
T80 11108-11259 Sentence denotes It requires just a portable touchscreen-operated instrument, i.e., ID Now, which is lightweight (6.6 pounds) and compact (the size of a small toaster).
T81 11260-11385 Sentence denotes It employs a molecular test for the RdRp gene, and can take throat, nasal, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs as samples.
T82 11386-11487 Sentence denotes The kit contains 24 tests, positive and negative controls, swabs for sample collection, and pipettes.
T83 11488-11577 Sentence denotes It has just received the FDA EUA and is being seen as a remarkable achievement worldwide.
T84 11578-11804 Sentence denotes Apart from the molecular diagnostics, numerous LFIA based rapid POC tests have been developed by several companies, which enable the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies produced in suspects in response to SARS-COV-2 infection.
T85 11805-11964 Sentence denotes One of the most prominent rapid tests is the COVID-19 test developed by BioMedomics, USA, which detects IgM and IgG antibodies in suspects in just 10 min [21].
T86 11965-12061 Sentence denotes It requires minimal sample volume, i.e., 20 µL of finger-pricked blood or 10 µL of serum/plasma.
T87 12062-12254 Sentence denotes It does not require any instrument or trained staff and, thus, it can be employed at any place and time, especially in developing nations with limited healthcare resources and remote settings.
T88 12255-12348 Sentence denotes The assay is ideal for primary healthcare workers for the rapid testing of COVID-19 suspects.
T89 12349-12541 Sentence denotes Another prospective test is the SARS-CoV-2 rapid by Pharmacyt AG, Germany [22], which employs only two drops of finger-pricked blood sample from the suspects and can provide results in 20 min.
T90 12542-12627 Sentence denotes The results obtained by the rapid test correlated well with those achieved by RT-PCR.
T91 12628-12769 Sentence denotes The most exciting advance is the DPP COVID-19 IgM/IgG test launched recently by Chembio Diagnostics, USA, which has already received FDA EUA.
T92 12770-12869 Sentence denotes It is a POC rapid LFIA test that provides results in just 15 min using finger-pricked blood sample.
T93 12870-13070 Sentence denotes However, the distinct feature of the test is that it does not rely on the visual detection by naked eye but employs optical readout via MicroReader 1 and 2 analyzers produced by Chembio, Germany [23].
T94 13071-13441 Sentence denotes A large number of rapid IgM/IgG tests have been developed by several IVD companies, such as Beijing Lepu Medical Technology, Sona Nanotech, Jiangsu Medomics Medical Technologies, Innovita Biological Technology, Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech, Zhejiang Orient Gene Biotech, Biomerica, Xiamen AmonMed Biotechnology, Sugentech, CHIL, Zhenjiang Orient Gene Biotech, Sure Bio-Tech.
T95 13442-13617 Sentence denotes However, there are very few peer-reviewed publications [24] that show the accuracy of the COVID-19 diagnostic results obtained by the rapid tests with respect to RT-PCR tests.
T96 13618-13833 Sentence denotes Rapid tests could be used as a complementary IVD assay to the existing RT-PCR assays, which could lead to much better diagnosis of COVID-19 and provide additional information about the immune status of the suspects.
T97 13834-13976 Sentence denotes However, the clinical accuracy of rapid tests needs to be stringently evaluated before they are authorized for the mass screening of COVID-19.
T98 13977-14198 Sentence denotes The recent reports from many European countries suggest that most of the rapid tests for COVID-19 procured from China did not show good analytical performance and did not work for over 70% of COVID-19 cases [25,26,27,28].
T99 14199-14449 Sentence denotes Furthermore, as IgM and IgG could only be detected in suspects about two weeks after the onset of infection, there is an immense need to include other biomarkers of the early stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection for developing improved COVID-19 rapid tests.
T100 14450-14582 Sentence denotes An exciting development is the DZ-Lite SARS-CoV-2 CLIA IgM and IgG tests developed by Diazyme, USA, that have received FDA EUA [29].
T101 14583-14769 Sentence denotes The tests are based on the principle of chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) and run on an automated Diazyme DZ-Lite 3000 Plus chemiluminescence analyzer with a throughput of 50 tests/h.
T102 14770-14926 Sentence denotes Similarly, Snibe, China, has developed automated CLIA tests on MAGLUMI CLIA analyzers for the detection of IgG and IgM in the patient sample in 30 min [30].
T103 14927-15242 Sentence denotes The main advantages of automated CLIA analyzers based COVID-19 assays compared to rapid LFIA tests is the very high throughput of samples that can be analyzed and the ability to perform more clinical tests for other biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), which also need to be monitored in COVID-19 suspects.
T104 15243-15418 Sentence denotes Several CE marked manual ELISA kits have also been developed by various IVD manufacturers, such as Euroimmun, IBL International, DRG Diagnostics GmbH, and Epitope Diagnostics.
T105 15419-15512 Sentence denotes Most of them target the IgG and IgM produced in subjects in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
T106 15513-15747 Sentence denotes Other prospective IVD assay formats, such as those based on reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), lab-on-a-chip, microfluidics, and multiplex detection are currently being investigated by researchers.
T107 15748-15916 Sentence denotes It would also be useful to develop an automated and fully integrated POC IVD assay that can perform molecular and immunological testing on a single analytical platform.
T108 15917-16185 Sentence denotes An ideal IVD assay for the POC detection of COVID-19 in the near future would be the smartphone-based POC electrochemical test for SARS-CoV-2 biomarkers, similar to the iHealth Align device developed by iHealth, USA, for smartphone-based blood glucose monitoring [31].
T109 16186-16339 Sentence denotes Smartphones are omnipresent, powered by internal battery, and equipped with large storage capacity, advanced processing power and a large screen display.
T110 16340-16556 Sentence denotes Moreover, they have global positioning system (GPS) for spatiotemporal tagging of data, internet connectivity, and capability to store the processed results in the internal device memory as well as to a secure Cloud.
T111 16557-16752 Sentence denotes Therefore, smartphone-based POC electrochemical device for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 biomarkers could be very useful for the large-scale rapid testing of COVID-19 suspects at the point-of-need.
T112 16753-16866 Sentence denotes The accurate diagnosis of people infected with the SARS-CoV-2 is essential to curb the global spread of COVID-19.
T113 16867-16992 Sentence denotes However, the current RT-PCR based diagnostic assays are not robust, as they are still missing several infected cases [6,8,9].
T114 16993-17095 Sentence denotes Moreover, they can only be performed in well-equipped central laboratories by highly skilled analysts.
T115 17096-17259 Sentence denotes Therefore, they are of limited utility and cannot be deployed widely, such as in developing nations, remote locations, and regions with decentralized laboratories.
T116 17260-17408 Sentence denotes The delay in diagnosing people until after they have passed the disease onto many others is contributing to the continued global spread of COVID-19.
T117 17409-17522 Sentence denotes The rapid LFIA and automated CLIA tests for IgM and IgG could complement the existing COVID-19 testing by RT-PCR.
T118 17523-17668 Sentence denotes However, there is a need to stringently evaluate the clinical performance of commercial tests before they are used for the diagnosis of COVID-19.
T119 17669-17814 Sentence denotes The biomarker discovery could also play a key role in identifying novel biomarkers that are involved in the early stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
T120 17815-17977 Sentence denotes The recently developed Abbott ID Now™ COVID-19 test that detects SARS-CoV-2 in 5 min is a remarkable achievement [19,20] and could revolutionize COVID-19 testing.
T121 17978-18112 Sentence denotes The ongoing efforts will further lead to reliable, robust, rapid, and easy-to-implement IVD assays and smart diagnostics for COVID-19.
T122 18113-18257 Sentence denotes There are still significant knowledge gaps in health research that are crucial for an effective public health response in the case of epidemics.
T123 18258-18368 Sentence denotes It signifies the need for all nations to invest in health research and make it an integral part of healthcare.
T124 18370-18377 Sentence denotes Funding
T125 18378-18421 Sentence denotes This research received no external funding.
T126 18423-18444 Sentence denotes Conflicts of Interest
T127 18445-18489 Sentence denotes The author declares no conflict of interest.
T128 18491-18529 Sentence denotes Figure 1 Schematic of the SARS-CoV-2.