PMC:7221364
Annnotations
LitCovid-PubTator
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 48-56 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 11 | 133-180 | Species | denotes | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 12 | 182-192 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 13 | 463-471 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 14 | 67-91 | Disease | denotes | Coronavirus disease 2019 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 15 | 93-101 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 16 | 118-127 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 17 | 409-417 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 18 | 518-526 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 19 | 527-536 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 22 | 712-722 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 23 | 673-681 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 27 | 1177-1188 | Species | denotes | coronavirus | Tax:11118 |
| 28 | 1189-1197 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 29 | 1273-1281 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 33 | 1301-1310 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 34 | 1485-1493 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 35 | 1494-1503 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 38 | 1561-1569 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 39 | 1570-1579 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 46 | 1824-1834 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 47 | 1840-1847 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
| 48 | 1915-1922 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
| 49 | 1737-1742 | Disease | denotes | fever | MESH:D005334 |
| 50 | 1906-1914 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 51 | 2279-2314 | Disease | denotes | acute respiratory distress syndrome | MESH:D012128 |
| 58 | 4046-4053 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
| 59 | 4113-4123 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 60 | 3953-3958 | Disease | denotes | cough | MESH:D003371 |
| 61 | 3963-3968 | Disease | denotes | fever | MESH:D005334 |
| 62 | 4028-4036 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 63 | 4461-4496 | Disease | denotes | acute respiratory distress syndrome | MESH:D012128 |
| 72 | 4943-4953 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 73 | 5009-5017 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 74 | 4815-4820 | Disease | denotes | fever | MESH:D005334 |
| 75 | 4842-4847 | Disease | denotes | cough | MESH:D003371 |
| 76 | 4849-4859 | Disease | denotes | chest pain | MESH:D002637 |
| 77 | 4864-4883 | Disease | denotes | shortness of breath | MESH:D004417 |
| 78 | 5000-5008 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 79 | 5210-5255 | Disease | denotes | costophrenic angles denoting pleural effusion | MESH:D010996 |
| 87 | 5939-5947 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 88 | 5746-5754 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 89 | 5763-5768 | Disease | denotes | fever | MESH:D005334 |
| 90 | 5776-5781 | Disease | denotes | cough | MESH:D003371 |
| 91 | 5792-5811 | Disease | denotes | shortness of breath | MESH:D004417 |
| 92 | 5953-5961 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 93 | 5962-5971 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 102 | 6153-6161 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 103 | 6215-6223 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 104 | 6255-6263 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 105 | 6503-6511 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 106 | 5984-5992 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 107 | 6082-6091 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 108 | 6284-6293 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
| 109 | 6332-6341 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
| 112 | 6872-6884 | Disease | denotes | inflammation | MESH:D007249 |
| 113 | 6919-6927 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 116 | 7024-7032 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 117 | 7334-7342 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 17-22 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576 |
| T2 | 311-316 | Body_part | denotes | Chest | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576 |
| T3 | 957-960 | Body_part | denotes | h.4 | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84132 |
| T4 | 1102-1107 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576 |
| T5 | 2646-2651 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576 |
| T6 | 2752-2757 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576 |
| T7 | 2824-2829 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576 |
| T8 | 3282-3287 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576 |
| T9 | 3363-3368 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576 |
| T10 | 4849-4854 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576 |
| T11 | 5210-5229 | Body_part | denotes | costophrenic angles | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma11355 |
| T12 | 5453-5458 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576 |
| T13 | 5899-5903 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195 |
| T14 | 6583-6588 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576 |
| T15 | 6699-6704 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576 |
| T16 | 6994-6999 | Body_part | denotes | Chest | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576 |
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 17-22 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443 |
| T2 | 311-316 | Body_part | denotes | Chest | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443 |
| T3 | 1102-1107 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443 |
| T4 | 2646-2651 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443 |
| T5 | 2752-2757 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443 |
| T6 | 2824-2829 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443 |
| T7 | 3282-3287 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443 |
| T8 | 3363-3368 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443 |
| T9 | 3539-3543 | Body_part | denotes | lobe | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752 |
| T10 | 4423-4427 | Body_part | denotes | lobe | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752 |
| T11 | 4849-4854 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443 |
| T12 | 5239-5255 | Body_part | denotes | pleural effusion | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000175 |
| T13 | 5453-5458 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443 |
| T14 | 5899-5903 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 |
| T15 | 6583-6588 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443 |
| T16 | 6699-6704 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443 |
| T17 | 6994-6999 | Body_part | denotes | Chest | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 48-56 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T2 | 67-91 | Disease | denotes | Coronavirus disease 2019 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T3 | 93-101 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T4 | 118-127 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T5 | 133-180 | Disease | denotes | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T6 | 133-166 | Disease | denotes | severe acute respiratory syndrome | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T7 | 182-190 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T8 | 409-417 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T9 | 518-526 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T10 | 527-536 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T11 | 673-681 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T12 | 712-720 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T13 | 1301-1310 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T14 | 1485-1493 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T15 | 1494-1503 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T16 | 1561-1569 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T17 | 1570-1579 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T18 | 1824-1832 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T19 | 1906-1914 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T20 | 2279-2314 | Disease | denotes | acute respiratory distress syndrome | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502 |
| T21 | 2285-2314 | Disease | denotes | respiratory distress syndrome | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009971 |
| T22 | 2615-2618 | Disease | denotes | TSS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001881 |
| T23 | 4028-4036 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T24 | 4113-4121 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T25 | 4461-4496 | Disease | denotes | acute respiratory distress syndrome | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502 |
| T26 | 4467-4496 | Disease | denotes | respiratory distress syndrome | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009971 |
| T27 | 4761-4764 | Disease | denotes | TSS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001881 |
| T28 | 4943-4951 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T29 | 5000-5008 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T30 | 5423-5426 | Disease | denotes | TSS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001881 |
| T31 | 5746-5754 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T32 | 5953-5961 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T33 | 5962-5971 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T34 | 5984-5992 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T35 | 6082-6091 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T36 | 6284-6293 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
| T37 | 6332-6341 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
| T38 | 6872-6884 | Disease | denotes | inflammation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166 |
| T39 | 6919-6927 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T40 | 7024-7032 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T41 | 7334-7342 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 0-1 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T2 | 17-22 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 | denotes | chest |
| T3 | 116-117 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T4 | 311-316 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 | denotes | Chest |
| T5 | 627-628 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T6 | 934-935 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T7 | 957-960 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0003599 | denotes | h.4 |
| T8 | 1011-1014 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T9 | 1083-1084 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T10 | 1102-1107 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 | denotes | chest |
| T11 | 1215-1218 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T12 | 1311-1314 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T13 | 1322-1323 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T14 | 1642-1648 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 | denotes | female |
| T15 | 1802-1803 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T16 | 2073-2074 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T17 | 2637-2638 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T18 | 2646-2651 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 | denotes | chest |
| T19 | 2736-2737 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 | denotes | B |
| T20 | 2752-2757 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 | denotes | chest |
| T21 | 2824-2829 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 | denotes | chest |
| T22 | 3271-3274 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001236 | denotes | 2 A |
| T23 | 3282-3287 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 | denotes | chest |
| T24 | 3347-3348 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 | denotes | B |
| T25 | 3363-3368 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 | denotes | chest |
| T26 | 3477-3479 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 | denotes | 11 |
| T27 | 3895-3904 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001353 | denotes | posterior |
| T28 | 3919-3920 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T29 | 3933-3937 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 | denotes | male |
| T30 | 3933-3937 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 | denotes | male |
| T31 | 4026-4027 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T32 | 4091-4092 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T33 | 4200-4202 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001236 | denotes | 2A |
| T34 | 4360-4362 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 | denotes | 11 |
| T35 | 4769-4771 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 | denotes | 22 |
| T36 | 4781-4782 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T37 | 4795-4799 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 | denotes | male |
| T38 | 4795-4799 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 | denotes | male |
| T39 | 4849-4854 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 | denotes | chest |
| T40 | 4921-4922 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T41 | 5167-5168 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T42 | 5239-5255 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000175 | denotes | pleural effusion |
| T43 | 5444-5445 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T44 | 5453-5458 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 | denotes | chest |
| T45 | 5553-5554 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 | denotes | B |
| T46 | 5899-5903 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 | denotes | lung |
| T47 | 5899-5903 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 | denotes | lung |
| T48 | 6111-6112 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T49 | 6583-6588 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 | denotes | chest |
| T50 | 6699-6704 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 | denotes | chest |
| T51 | 6994-6999 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 | denotes | Chest |
| T52 | 7311-7312 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 3933-3937 | Chemical | denotes | male | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780 |
| T2 | 4795-4799 | Chemical | denotes | male | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780 |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 775-788 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 | denotes | transcriptase |
| T2 | 775-788 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003899 | denotes | transcriptase |
| T3 | 6872-6884 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 | denotes | inflammation |
LitCovid-sentences
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 0-56 | Sentence | denotes | A case series of chest imaging manifestation of COVID-19 |
| T2 | 58-66 | Sentence | denotes | Abstract |
| T3 | 67-310 | Sentence | denotes | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).1 It started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, after which quickly spread to many other countries around the world. |
| T4 | 311-418 | Sentence | denotes | Chest radiography (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) play key roles in managment and diagnosis of COVID-19. |
| T5 | 419-537 | Sentence | denotes | In this case series we are presenting three patients with predominant left-sided changes caused by COVID-19 infection. |
| T6 | 539-551 | Sentence | denotes | Introduction |
| T7 | 552-682 | Sentence | denotes | Radiology department staff along side with other health professionals play a key role in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19. |
| T8 | 683-960 | Sentence | denotes | For clinical confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 the conventional method in use is real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal swab.2 However, sensitivity of rRT-PCR ranges between 70 and 90% on first swab3 and 90% on a second swab after 72 h.4 |
| T9 | 961-1198 | Sentence | denotes | The Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo has adopted recommendations and worked to improve on them by installing a dedicated mobile chest radiography (CXR) unit and computed tomography (CT) scanner only for coronavirus patients. |
| T10 | 1199-1294 | Sentence | denotes | The CT protocol has been optimised for low dose and CTIDvol for presented patients was 2.4 mGy. |
| T11 | 1295-1504 | Sentence | denotes | While infection has become a global concern, it is equally important for radiology departments to be more familiar with the imaging appearance and techniques for better understanding of the COVID-19 infection. |
| T12 | 1505-1618 | Sentence | denotes | In this case series we present three confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection from Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. |
| T13 | 1620-1626 | Sentence | denotes | Case 1 |
| T14 | 1627-1765 | Sentence | denotes | An 81-year-old female presented to the Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo with morning and evening fever (temperature 38.1 °C). |
| T15 | 1766-1835 | Sentence | denotes | Nasopharyngeal swab (RT-PCR) showed a positive result for SARS-CoV-2. |
| T16 | 1836-1971 | Sentence | denotes | The patient had no history of being in contact with another confirmed COVID-19 patient in the family or traveling outside her hometown. |
| T17 | 1972-2076 | Sentence | denotes | Mobile CXR on April 8th, 2020 showed diffuse reticular and linear pattern of the lower lobes (Fig. 1 A). |
| T18 | 2077-2152 | Sentence | denotes | Follow-up CXR obtained 3 days later (Fig. 1B) showed bilateral progression. |
| T19 | 2153-2315 | Sentence | denotes | Rapid progression occurred across 10 days (Fig. 1C) with bilateral, predominantly left sided consolidation and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. |
| T20 | 2316-2588 | Sentence | denotes | Follow-up CT examination was obtained 14 days from presentation and demonstrates ground-glass opacities with crazy paving in the upper parts of both lobes (Fig. 1D) and significant pulmonary consolidation in the lower lobes (Fig. 2 E and F) predominantly on the left side. |
| T21 | 2589-2627 | Sentence | denotes | The total severity score (TSS) was 19. |
| T22 | 2628-2735 | Sentence | denotes | Figure 1 A Mobile chest radiograph (day 0) showing diffuse reticular and linear pattern of the lower lobes. |
| T23 | 2736-2807 | Sentence | denotes | B Repeat mobile chest radiograph (day 3) showing bilateral progression. |
| T24 | 2808-2940 | Sentence | denotes | C Repeat mobile chest radiograph (day 10) showing rapid progression occurred with bilateral, predominantly left sided consolidation. |
| T25 | 2941-3051 | Sentence | denotes | D Coronal CT reconstruction (day 14) demonstrates ground-glass opacities with crazy paving in the upper lobes. |
| T26 | 3052-3157 | Sentence | denotes | E Coronal CT reconstruction (day 14) demonstrates significant pulmonary consolidation in the lower lobes. |
| T27 | 3158-3263 | Sentence | denotes | F Coronal CT reconstruction (day 14) demonstrates significant pulmonary consolidation in the lower lobes. |
| T28 | 3264-3346 | Sentence | denotes | Figure 2 A Mobile chest radiograph (day 0) demonstrates diffuse reticular pattern. |
| T29 | 3347-3439 | Sentence | denotes | B Repeat mobile chest radiograph (day 5) showed mild regression of bilateral consolidations. |
| T30 | 3440-3558 | Sentence | denotes | C Rapid bilateral progression by day 11, more pronounced on the left side, and with complete lower lobe consolidation. |
| T31 | 3559-3657 | Sentence | denotes | D Coronal CT reconstruction obtained on day 13 showing pulmonary consolidation in the lower lobes. |
| T32 | 3658-3763 | Sentence | denotes | E Coronal CT reconstruction showing pulmonary consolidation and ground-glass opacities with crazy paving. |
| T33 | 3764-3910 | Sentence | denotes | F Coronal CT reconstruction showing pulmonary consolidation and ground-glass opacities with crazy paving predominantly on the left posterior side. |
| T34 | 3912-3918 | Sentence | denotes | Case 2 |
| T35 | 3919-4054 | Sentence | denotes | A 61-year-old male presented with cough and fever after recent travel to Austria and being in contact with a COVID-19 positive patient. |
| T36 | 4055-4124 | Sentence | denotes | Nasopharyngeal swab (RT-PCR) showed a positive result for SARS-CoV-2. |
| T37 | 4125-4204 | Sentence | denotes | Mobile CXR on April 2nd, 2020 demonstrated diffuse reticular pattern (Fig. 2A). |
| T38 | 4205-4315 | Sentence | denotes | Follow-up mobile CXR obtained on April 7th, 2020 showed mild regression of bilateral consolidations (Fig. 2B). |
| T39 | 4316-4507 | Sentence | denotes | Rapid, bilateral, progression occurred over 11 days, more pronounced on the left side, with complete lower lobe consolidation and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (Fig. 2C). |
| T40 | 4508-4711 | Sentence | denotes | Follow-up CT images where obtained on April 15th, 2020 which confirmed bilateral lower lobes pulmonary consolidation (Fig. 2D) and ground-glass opacities with crazy paving at upper lobes (Fig. 2E and F). |
| T41 | 4712-4772 | Sentence | denotes | Changes were more extensive on the left side and TSS was 22. |
| T42 | 4774-4780 | Sentence | denotes | Case 3 |
| T43 | 4781-4884 | Sentence | denotes | A 63-year-old male presented with fever (temperature 38 °C), cough, chest pain and shortness of breath. |
| T44 | 4885-4954 | Sentence | denotes | Nasopharyngeal swab (RT-PCR) showed a positive result for SARS-CoV-2. |
| T45 | 4955-5061 | Sentence | denotes | They had no history of being in contact with COVID-19 patients and had not travelled outside his hometown. |
| T46 | 5062-5256 | Sentence | denotes | Mobile CXR was performed with significant, predominantly peri-hilar linear and reticular pattern (Fig. 3 A) together with bilateral blunting of the costophrenic angles denoting pleural effusion. |
| T47 | 5257-5416 | Sentence | denotes | CT follow-up, performed 10 days from presentation, showed ground-glass opacities with crazy paving predominantly in the upper and lower left lobes (Fig. 3B–D). |
| T48 | 5417-5434 | Sentence | denotes | Theor TSS was 16. |
| T49 | 5435-5552 | Sentence | denotes | Figure 3 A Mobile chest radiograph (day 0) showing significant predominantly peri-hilar linear and reticular pattern. |
| T50 | 5553-5696 | Sentence | denotes | B,C,D Coronal CT reconstruction (day 10) demonstrates ground-glass opacities with crazy paving predominantly in the upper and lower left lobes. |
| T51 | 5698-5708 | Sentence | denotes | Discussion |
| T52 | 5709-5972 | Sentence | denotes | The most common clinical symptoms of COVID-19 include fever (83%), cough (82%) and shortness of breath (31%).5 Our case series confirmed that ground-glass opacities and consolidation in the lung are common findings in imaging for patients with COVID-19 infection. |
| T53 | 5973-6110 | Sentence | denotes | Reports on COVID-19 continue to rapidly emerge and despite that descriptions of the imaging features of this infection have been limited. |
| T54 | 6111-6194 | Sentence | denotes | A study of Huang et al.6 reported that 40 patients (98%) had bilateral involvement. |
| T55 | 6195-6342 | Sentence | denotes | Another study of 99 patients, Chen et al.5 reported that 74 patients (75%) had bilateral pneumonia, with just 25 (25%) having unilateral pneumonia. |
| T56 | 6343-6512 | Sentence | denotes | In this case series, ground-glass opacities and consolidation were predominant in the peripheral zone and involved the left upper and lower lobes for all three patients. |
| T57 | 6513-6652 | Sentence | denotes | Taking into consideration the predominance of ground-glass opacities, chest CT is more sensitive and findings can be missed on radiographs. |
| T58 | 6653-6710 | Sentence | denotes | Of note, confirmed cases also can have normal chest CTs.7 |
| T59 | 6711-6848 | Sentence | denotes | In most case series, opacities were described as ground-glass (57%) and mixed attenuation (29%)1 similar as presented in our case series. |
| T60 | 6849-6981 | Sentence | denotes | Predominant left sided inflammation, as shown in this case series, in COVID-19 disease could be of interest of future investigation. |
| T61 | 6983-6993 | Sentence | denotes | Conclusion |
| T62 | 6994-7117 | Sentence | denotes | Chest CT is more sensitive in COVID-19 diagnosis compared to CXR and in the evaluation of extent of changes and their type. |
| T63 | 7118-7285 | Sentence | denotes | Although radiation dose on CT is higher; with protocol optimisation it can be reduced to levels that are tolerable in comparison to the benefits that they can provide. |
| T64 | 7286-7343 | Sentence | denotes | CT should not be used as a screening method for COVID-19. |
| T65 | 7345-7375 | Sentence | denotes | Conflict of interest statement |
| T66 | 7376-7420 | Sentence | denotes | The authors report no conflicts of interest. |
| T67 | 7421-7499 | Sentence | denotes | The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article. |
| T68 | 7501-7517 | Sentence | denotes | Acknowledgements |
| T69 | 7518-7686 | Sentence | denotes | The authors acknowledge the financial support received from Council for Technical Education (CTE), for their support and encouragement in carrying out his college work. |
LitCovid-PD-HP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 1737-1742 | Phenotype | denotes | fever | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945 |
| T2 | 2285-2305 | Phenotype | denotes | respiratory distress | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098 |
| T3 | 3953-3958 | Phenotype | denotes | cough | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735 |
| T4 | 3963-3968 | Phenotype | denotes | fever | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945 |
| T5 | 4467-4487 | Phenotype | denotes | respiratory distress | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098 |
| T6 | 4815-4820 | Phenotype | denotes | fever | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945 |
| T7 | 4842-4847 | Phenotype | denotes | cough | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735 |
| T8 | 4849-4859 | Phenotype | denotes | chest pain | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100749 |
| T9 | 4864-4883 | Phenotype | denotes | shortness of breath | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098 |
| T10 | 5239-5255 | Phenotype | denotes | pleural effusion | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002202 |
| T11 | 5763-5768 | Phenotype | denotes | fever | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945 |
| T12 | 5776-5781 | Phenotype | denotes | cough | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735 |
| T13 | 5792-5811 | Phenotype | denotes | shortness of breath | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098 |
| T14 | 6284-6293 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
| T15 | 6332-6341 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
2_test
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 32410816-32007143-133233059 | 5818-5819 | 32007143 | denotes | 5 |
| 32410816-31986264-133233060 | 6134-6135 | 31986264 | denotes | 6 |
| 32410816-32007143-133233061 | 6236-6237 | 32007143 | denotes | 5 |
| 32410816-32017661-133233062 | 6806-6807 | 32017661 | denotes | 1 |