PMC:7216275 / 20030-23072
Annnotations
{"target":"http://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7216275","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7216275","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7216275","text":"2.4. Attitudes toward Epidemic Outbreak and Its Mediating Role\nA study showed that people’s attitudes toward an epidemic outbreak are more influenced by information on social media compared with physical discussion because source reliability has no impact on the health information provided online [51].People obtain information about the outbreak through social media and mobile health apps [26].However, a risk of client secrecy exists because online services are substantially affected by the happiness of clients [52].We took attitudes toward an epidemic outbreak as a mediating effect, meaning that attitudes toward an epidemic outbreak will promote or mediate the relationship of two independent variables and social online presence, as shown in Figure 2.\nResearch showed that the availability of a vaccine for an epidemic affects people’s attitudes toward the outbreak; for publicizing a vaccine, online sources are important. During epidemics, curiosity about a vaccine is more influenced by publicity, not by the epidemic conditions. However, vaccine uptake is also influenced by the epidemic condition when epidemic increases [53]. Recommendations by doctors, friends, and relatives stimulate people [54] as they discuss their responses to epidemics.\nPeople who are isolated during an epidemic must recognize the importance of protection [55]. Research in Toronto, Canada, proved the willingness of people to participate in studies and the stress experienced by medical experts due to wearing of caring apparatus and being infected by disease in Canada. As these medical experts were involved in attempting to cure a disease about which they had little knowledge, they were worried that they would be next targets when they saw their coworkers becoming sick and dying due to the epidemic [56].\nLack of trust in government was observed in the public in Korea when attempting to control the MERS epidemic [57]. However, our focus was on the effect of 2019-nCoV-WOM and the role of E-Govt to protect the people during long-term outbreak, and to examine the response of people during the quarantine period. We supposed that public attitude toward epidemics affects their online social presence. In China, people are willing to share news and have positive attitudes when sharing the good news about protection. So, we hypothesized the following:\nHypothesis 3b (H3b): Attitude toward epidemic outbreak considerably affects online social presence.\nThe attitude of the public toward a situation impacts their online social presence and affects the role of E-Govt and 2019-nCoV-WOM on online social presence. This means that if the attitude of the public is positive, it mediates role of E-Govt and online social presence. Hence, we hypothesized that:\nHypothesis 4c (H4c): Attitude toward epidemic outbreak mediates the association between COVID-19 word of mouth and online social presence.\nHypothesis 5b (H5b): Attitude toward epidemic outbreak mediates the association between the role of E-government and online social 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