PMC:7212949 / 20852-26537 JSON TXT

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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

LitCovid-PD-CLO

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":601,"end":628},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002526"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":607,"end":628},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":656,"end":666},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007049"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":710,"end":719},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097194"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":710,"end":719},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":2300,"end":2304},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004111"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":2482,"end":2487},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019835"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":4604,"end":4609},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004111"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":5284,"end":5288},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004111"}],"text":"SARS-CoV\nHepatitis in SARS-CoV is a well-recognized common complication, although it is a diagnosis of exclusion. Approximately 60% of patients with SARS-CoV had a degree of liver impairment with elevated alanine aminotransferase and/or aspartate aminotransferase, hypoalbuminemia and hyperbilirubinemia 53 (Table 2 ). ACE2 receptors are also found on the hepatic endothelial cells.54 On histopathology, SARS-CoV patients had a large number of virus particles in the hepatic parenchymal cells.38 , 39 , 55 Elevated levels of IL-1, IL-6 and IL-10 in patients with SARS-CoV hepatitis support coexisting acute inflammatory response.56 Hepatic cell damage and cell-cycle disruption was seen on hepatic biopsy with apoptosis, mitotic arrest with eosinophilic bodies and balloon-like hepatocytes.22 Unfortunately, hepatic damage potentially due to antivirals use complicates our understanding of the etiology of hepatitis in patients with SARS-CoV.57 Hepatic involvement may indicate a poor prognosis, particularly in patients with high LDH levels.58 Yang et al reported long-standing hyperglycemia (due to pancreatic injury) as an independent predictor for adverse outcomes in patients with SARS-CoV.58\nTable 2 Cardiovascular manifestations of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and COVID-19.\nSARS (only studies with large study population included)\nStudy Booth et al (2003)N = 144, confirmed casesRetrospective study Li et al (2003)N = 46, confirmed casesProspective study Pan et al (2003)N = 15, confirmed casesRetrospective study Ding et al (2004)N = 8 (4 confirmed cases, 4 control)Clinicopathologic study Yu et al (2006)N = 121, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features • Chest pain (10%)• ↑HR (46%) • No chest pain or overt CHF on admission• ↓HR (non-ICU) ↑HR (ICU)•CHF exacerbation • Sudden cardiac arrest (100%)• MI and arrhythmia (33%) • Chest pain • ↑HR (71.9%) (62.8%, 45.4%, 35.5%)\n• ↓BP (50.4%) (28.1%, 21.5%, 14.8% during the first, second, third week)↓HR, transient (14.9%)\n• Reversible cardiomegaly (10.7%), no clinical heart failure\n• Chest discomfort (7%)\n• Palpitations (4%)\nKey findings on investigations • ↓Ca++ (60%)\n• ↓K+ (26%)\n• ↓Mg++ (18%)\n• ↓P+ (27%)\n• ↑ LDH (87%) • ↑ CK\n• ↑ LDH\n• ↓Hb\n• EKG: RBBB\n• Echo: ↓LVEF • Abnormal cardiac enzymes (66%) N/A • ↑ CK\n• ↑CK (26%) without TnI or CKMB\n• ↑ LDH\n• CXR or CT abnormality: 100%\nHistopathology N/A N/A N/A • Myocardial stromal edema\n• Infiltration of vessels by lymphocytes\n• Focal hyaline degeneration\n• Muscle fiber lysis N/A\nKey study findings and message • 20% ICU admission\n• 6.5% Case fatality rate (21 days)\n• Diabetes and other comorbidities independently associated with poor prognosis Possibly reversible subclinical diastolic impairment seen in SARS patients Proposed causes of SCD:• Hypoxemia leading to myocardial strain\n• Direct viral myocardial injury\n• Stress aggravates pre-existing disease\n• Sympathetic response causing electrical myocardial instability ACE2 expressed in heart, but virus not detected • ↑CK likely due to myositis as cardiac enzymes normal\n• 15% ICU admission\n• 18 (5) days mean duration of hospital stay\n• Tachycardia persists during follow up\n• Cardiac arrhythmia is uncommon\nMERS\nStudy Alhogbani (2016)N = 1 confirmed caseCase report Almekhlafi et al (2016)N = 31, confirmed casesRetrospective study Garout et al (2018)N = 52, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features CHF ↑HR (67.7%) Pericarditis\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ BNP\n• ↑ Creatinine\n• Echo: Severe global LV dysfunction\n• Cardiac MRI: Myocarditis N/A N/A\nKey study findings and message MERS-CoV may cause myocarditis and acute heart failure • Vasopressor need is a risk factor for death (P = 0.04)\n• 80.6% vasopressor support rate No association of ECMO need with outcomes\nCOVID-19\nStudy Huang et al (2020)N = 41, confirmed casesRetrospective study Wang et al (2020)N = 138, confirmed casesRetrospective study Zheng et al (2020)Review Bhatraju et al (2020)N = 24, confirmed casesRetrospective study Fried et al (2020)N = 4, confirmed casesCase reports\nClinical features • ↑BP\n• Acute cardiac injury (12%) more in ICU patients than non-ICU patients (31% vs. 4%) • Pre-existing HTN (31.2%) (58.3% in ICU, significant)\n• Pre-existing CVD (14.5%) (25% in ICU, significant)\n• Acute cardiac injury (7.2%) (22.2% in ICU, significant)\n• Arrhythmia (16.7%) (44.4% in ICU patients) • Palpitations\n• Chest tightness • ↑HR (48%)\n• Vasopressor need (71%) • Myopericarditis\n• Decompensated heart failure\n• Cardiogenic Shock\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI (12%) (31% in ICU patients, 4% in non-ICU patients) • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ CK-MB N/A • ↑ TnI (15%) • Diffuse ST segment elevations\n• Elevated cardiac enzymes\n• LVEF on echo\nKey Study findings and message ↑BP more common in ICU patients (P = 0.018) ICU patients more likely to have pre-existing hypertension, develop arrhythmias, acute cardiac injury (P \u003c 0.001) Proposed mechanism of cardiac injury:• ACE 2 related\n• Cytokine storm\n• Hypoxemia • ICU admission most commonly due to hypoxemic respiratory failure, vasopressor requirement or both\n• 50% mortality • Similar symptoms in heart transplant patients as nontransplant patients\nBNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; HR, heart rate; CHF, congestive heart failure; CK, creatine kinase; CKMB, creatine kinase myocardial band; CXR; chest x-ray; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Hb, hemoglobin; ICU, intensive care unit; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; MERS-CoV, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus; RBBB, right bundle branch block; SARS-COV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; TnI, troponin-I."}

LitCovid-PD-HP

LitCovid-sentences

LitCovid-PMC-OGER-BB

LitCovid-PubTator

2_test

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32620220-14767982-2074089","span":{"begin":304,"end":306},"obj":"14767982"},{"id":"32620220-15141377-2074090","span":{"begin":382,"end":384},"obj":"15141377"},{"id":"32620220-14761595-2074091","span":{"begin":493,"end":495},"obj":"14761595"},{"id":"32620220-15141376-2074092","span":{"begin":498,"end":500},"obj":"15141376"},{"id":"32620220-32170806-2074093","span":{"begin":503,"end":505},"obj":"32170806"},{"id":"32620220-15268817-2074094","span":{"begin":629,"end":631},"obj":"15268817"},{"id":"32620220-31986264-2074095","span":{"begin":790,"end":792},"obj":"31986264"},{"id":"32620220-15730921-2074096","span":{"begin":942,"end":944},"obj":"15730921"},{"id":"32620220-19333547-2074097","span":{"begin":1042,"end":1044},"obj":"19333547"},{"id":"32620220-19333547-2074098","span":{"begin":1195,"end":1197},"obj":"19333547"}],"text":"SARS-CoV\nHepatitis in SARS-CoV is a well-recognized common complication, although it is a diagnosis of exclusion. Approximately 60% of patients with SARS-CoV had a degree of liver impairment with elevated alanine aminotransferase and/or aspartate aminotransferase, hypoalbuminemia and hyperbilirubinemia 53 (Table 2 ). ACE2 receptors are also found on the hepatic endothelial cells.54 On histopathology, SARS-CoV patients had a large number of virus particles in the hepatic parenchymal cells.38 , 39 , 55 Elevated levels of IL-1, IL-6 and IL-10 in patients with SARS-CoV hepatitis support coexisting acute inflammatory response.56 Hepatic cell damage and cell-cycle disruption was seen on hepatic biopsy with apoptosis, mitotic arrest with eosinophilic bodies and balloon-like hepatocytes.22 Unfortunately, hepatic damage potentially due to antivirals use complicates our understanding of the etiology of hepatitis in patients with SARS-CoV.57 Hepatic involvement may indicate a poor prognosis, particularly in patients with high LDH levels.58 Yang et al reported long-standing hyperglycemia (due to pancreatic injury) as an independent predictor for adverse outcomes in patients with SARS-CoV.58\nTable 2 Cardiovascular manifestations of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and COVID-19.\nSARS (only studies with large study population included)\nStudy Booth et al (2003)N = 144, confirmed casesRetrospective study Li et al (2003)N = 46, confirmed casesProspective study Pan et al (2003)N = 15, confirmed casesRetrospective study Ding et al (2004)N = 8 (4 confirmed cases, 4 control)Clinicopathologic study Yu et al (2006)N = 121, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features • Chest pain (10%)• ↑HR (46%) • No chest pain or overt CHF on admission• ↓HR (non-ICU) ↑HR (ICU)•CHF exacerbation • Sudden cardiac arrest (100%)• MI and arrhythmia (33%) • Chest pain • ↑HR (71.9%) (62.8%, 45.4%, 35.5%)\n• ↓BP (50.4%) (28.1%, 21.5%, 14.8% during the first, second, third week)↓HR, transient (14.9%)\n• Reversible cardiomegaly (10.7%), no clinical heart failure\n• Chest discomfort (7%)\n• Palpitations (4%)\nKey findings on investigations • ↓Ca++ (60%)\n• ↓K+ (26%)\n• ↓Mg++ (18%)\n• ↓P+ (27%)\n• ↑ LDH (87%) • ↑ CK\n• ↑ LDH\n• ↓Hb\n• EKG: RBBB\n• Echo: ↓LVEF • Abnormal cardiac enzymes (66%) N/A • ↑ CK\n• ↑CK (26%) without TnI or CKMB\n• ↑ LDH\n• CXR or CT abnormality: 100%\nHistopathology N/A N/A N/A • Myocardial stromal edema\n• Infiltration of vessels by lymphocytes\n• Focal hyaline degeneration\n• Muscle fiber lysis N/A\nKey study findings and message • 20% ICU admission\n• 6.5% Case fatality rate (21 days)\n• Diabetes and other comorbidities independently associated with poor prognosis Possibly reversible subclinical diastolic impairment seen in SARS patients Proposed causes of SCD:• Hypoxemia leading to myocardial strain\n• Direct viral myocardial injury\n• Stress aggravates pre-existing disease\n• Sympathetic response causing electrical myocardial instability ACE2 expressed in heart, but virus not detected • ↑CK likely due to myositis as cardiac enzymes normal\n• 15% ICU admission\n• 18 (5) days mean duration of hospital stay\n• Tachycardia persists during follow up\n• Cardiac arrhythmia is uncommon\nMERS\nStudy Alhogbani (2016)N = 1 confirmed caseCase report Almekhlafi et al (2016)N = 31, confirmed casesRetrospective study Garout et al (2018)N = 52, confirmed casesRetrospective study\nClinical features CHF ↑HR (67.7%) Pericarditis\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ BNP\n• ↑ Creatinine\n• Echo: Severe global LV dysfunction\n• Cardiac MRI: Myocarditis N/A N/A\nKey study findings and message MERS-CoV may cause myocarditis and acute heart failure • Vasopressor need is a risk factor for death (P = 0.04)\n• 80.6% vasopressor support rate No association of ECMO need with outcomes\nCOVID-19\nStudy Huang et al (2020)N = 41, confirmed casesRetrospective study Wang et al (2020)N = 138, confirmed casesRetrospective study Zheng et al (2020)Review Bhatraju et al (2020)N = 24, confirmed casesRetrospective study Fried et al (2020)N = 4, confirmed casesCase reports\nClinical features • ↑BP\n• Acute cardiac injury (12%) more in ICU patients than non-ICU patients (31% vs. 4%) • Pre-existing HTN (31.2%) (58.3% in ICU, significant)\n• Pre-existing CVD (14.5%) (25% in ICU, significant)\n• Acute cardiac injury (7.2%) (22.2% in ICU, significant)\n• Arrhythmia (16.7%) (44.4% in ICU patients) • Palpitations\n• Chest tightness • ↑HR (48%)\n• Vasopressor need (71%) • Myopericarditis\n• Decompensated heart failure\n• Cardiogenic Shock\nKey findings on investigations • ↑ TnI (12%) (31% in ICU patients, 4% in non-ICU patients) • ↑ TnI\n• ↑ CK-MB N/A • ↑ TnI (15%) • Diffuse ST segment elevations\n• Elevated cardiac enzymes\n• LVEF on echo\nKey Study findings and message ↑BP more common in ICU patients (P = 0.018) ICU patients more likely to have pre-existing hypertension, develop arrhythmias, acute cardiac injury (P \u003c 0.001) Proposed mechanism of cardiac injury:• ACE 2 related\n• Cytokine storm\n• Hypoxemia • ICU admission most commonly due to hypoxemic respiratory failure, vasopressor requirement or both\n• 50% mortality • Similar symptoms in heart transplant patients as nontransplant patients\nBNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; HR, heart rate; CHF, congestive heart failure; CK, creatine kinase; CKMB, creatine kinase myocardial band; CXR; chest x-ray; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Hb, hemoglobin; ICU, intensive care unit; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; MERS-CoV, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus; RBBB, right bundle branch block; SARS-COV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; TnI, troponin-I."}

PMC:7212949 / 20852-26537 JSONTXT

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PMC:7212949 / 20852-26537 JSON TXT