PMC:7204663 / 7575-9695
Annnotations
LitCovid-PubTator
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 75 | 3-15 | Chemical | denotes | Azithromycin | MESH:D017963 |
| 83 | 67-79 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | MESH:D017963 |
| 84 | 211-229 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | MESH:D006886 |
| 85 | 255-267 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | MESH:D017963 |
| 86 | 353-366 | Chemical | denotes | phospholipids | MESH:D010743 |
| 87 | 417-429 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | MESH:D017963 |
| 88 | 516-528 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | MESH:D017963 |
| 89 | 652-664 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | MESH:D017963 |
| 100 | 1723-1727 | Species | denotes | rats | Tax:10116 |
| 101 | 1283-1301 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | MESH:D006886 |
| 102 | 1337-1349 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | MESH:D017963 |
| 103 | 1427-1439 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | MESH:D017963 |
| 104 | 1589-1601 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | MESH:D017963 |
| 105 | 1692-1704 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | MESH:D017963 |
| 106 | 2053-2065 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | MESH:D017963 |
| 107 | 1824-1833 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 108 | 1942-1950 | Disease | denotes | infected | MESH:D007239 |
| 109 | 2105-2114 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
2_test
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 32389720-7558665-48149098 | 368-370 | 7558665 | denotes | 10 |
| 32389720-12441132-48149099 | 374-376 | 12441132 | denotes | 11 |
| 32389720-11499789-48149100 | 380-382 | 11499789 | denotes | 12 |
| 32389720-8957238-48149101 | 386-388 | 8957238 | denotes | 13 |
| 32389720-25155592-48149102 | 454-456 | 25155592 | denotes | 14 |
| 32389720-25155592-48149103 | 1105-1107 | 25155592 | denotes | 14 |
| 32389720-431047-48149104 | 1111-1113 | 431047 | denotes | 15 |
| 32389720-12243724-48149105 | 1117-1119 | 12243724 | denotes | 16 |
| 32389720-1030706-48149106 | 1123-1125 | 1030706 | denotes | 17 |
| 32389720-20219329-48149107 | 1655-1657 | 20219329 | denotes | 19 |
| T35193 | 368-370 | 7558665 | denotes | 10 |
| T71814 | 374-376 | 12441132 | denotes | 11 |
| T86676 | 380-382 | 11499789 | denotes | 12 |
| T46347 | 386-388 | 8957238 | denotes | 13 |
| T79422 | 454-456 | 25155592 | denotes | 14 |
| T99834 | 1105-1107 | 25155592 | denotes | 14 |
| T30874 | 1111-1113 | 431047 | denotes | 15 |
| T42597 | 1117-1119 | 12243724 | denotes | 16 |
| T58158 | 1123-1125 | 1030706 | denotes | 17 |
| T92937 | 1655-1657 | 20219329 | denotes | 19 |
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T43 | 116-125 | Body_part | denotes | lysosomes | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63836 |
| T44 | 140-147 | Body_part | denotes | cytosol | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66836 |
| T45 | 313-322 | Body_part | denotes | lysosomes | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63836 |
| T46 | 353-366 | Body_part | denotes | phospholipids | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82779 |
| T47 | 430-439 | Body_part | denotes | lysosomal | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63836 |
| T48 | 565-582 | Body_part | denotes | white blood cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62852 |
| T49 | 577-582 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T50 | 699-706 | Body_part | denotes | cytosol | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66836 |
| T51 | 781-787 | Body_part | denotes | muscle | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma32558 |
| T52 | 864-881 | Body_part | denotes | white blood cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62852 |
| T53 | 876-881 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T54 | 965-983 | Body_part | denotes | interstitial space | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma17555 |
| T55 | 1001-1010 | Body_part | denotes | lysosomal | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63836 |
| T56 | 1094-1098 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T57 | 1195-1204 | Body_part | denotes | lysosomal | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63836 |
| T58 | 1858-1861 | Body_part | denotes | leg | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24979 |
| T59 | 1903-1909 | Body_part | denotes | tissue | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637 |
| T60 | 1951-1954 | Body_part | denotes | leg | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24979 |
| T61 | 2019-2030 | Body_part | denotes | macrophages | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63261 |
| T62 | 2043-2052 | Body_part | denotes | lysosomal | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63836 |
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T2 | 571-576 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 |
| T3 | 870-875 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 |
| T4 | 1858-1861 | Body_part | denotes | leg | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000978 |
| T5 | 1890-1909 | Body_part | denotes | interstitial tissue | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005169 |
| T6 | 1903-1909 | Body_part | denotes | tissue | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479 |
| T7 | 1951-1954 | Body_part | denotes | leg | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000978 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T7 | 804-812 | Disease | denotes | subcutis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006591 |
| T8 | 1824-1833 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T9 | 2105-2114 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T67 | 116-125 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005764 | denotes | lysosomes |
| T68 | 165-167 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 | denotes | 52 |
| T69 | 269-270 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T70 | 313-322 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005764 | denotes | lysosomes |
| T71 | 374-376 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 | denotes | 11 |
| T72 | 391-392 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T73 | 430-439 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005764 | denotes | lysosomal |
| T74 | 571-582 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 | denotes | blood cells |
| T75 | 781-787 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001630 | denotes | muscle |
| T76 | 781-787 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005090 | denotes | muscle |
| T77 | 781-787 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000801 | denotes | muscle |
| T78 | 781-787 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001949 | denotes | muscle |
| T79 | 804-812 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002072 | denotes | subcutis |
| T80 | 870-881 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 | denotes | blood cells |
| T81 | 1001-1010 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005764 | denotes | lysosomal |
| T82 | 1094-1103 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000000 | denotes | cell type |
| T83 | 1195-1204 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005764 | denotes | lysosomal |
| T84 | 1364-1371 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000876 | denotes | extreme |
| T85 | 1503-1504 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T86 | 1547-1549 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 | denotes | 18 |
| T87 | 1663-1664 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T88 | 1782-1788 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001943 | denotes | thighs |
| T89 | 1858-1861 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001411 | denotes | leg |
| T90 | 1890-1909 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005169 | denotes | interstitial tissue |
| T91 | 1951-1954 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001411 | denotes | leg |
| T92 | 2043-2052 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005764 | denotes | lysosomal |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T52 | 30-33 | Chemical | denotes | ion | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870 |
| T53 | 67-79 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955 |
| T54 | 211-229 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5801 |
| T55 | 255-267 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955 |
| T56 | 353-366 | Chemical | denotes | phospholipids | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16247 |
| T57 | 417-429 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955 |
| T58 | 516-528 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955 |
| T59 | 652-664 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955 |
| T60 | 1283-1301 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5801 |
| T61 | 1337-1349 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955 |
| T62 | 1427-1439 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955 |
| T63 | 1589-1601 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955 |
| T64 | 1692-1704 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955 |
| T65 | 2053-2065 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955 |
| T66 | 2093-2097 | Chemical | denotes | drug | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
LitCovid-sentences
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T61 | 0-15 | Sentence | denotes | 4 Azithromycin |
| T62 | 16-230 | Sentence | denotes | When the same ion-trapping concepts are applied to azithromycin, the expected accumulation ratio in lysosomes compared with cytosol is calculated as 52 000-fold, which is very similar to that of hydroxychloroquine. |
| T63 | 231-390 | Sentence | denotes | After administration of azithromycin, a large fraction of the dose will reside in lysosomes where it also binds to acidic phospholipids [10], [11], [12], [13]. |
| T64 | 391-458 | Sentence | denotes | A clinical study supports azithromycin lysosomal accumulation [14]. |
| T65 | 459-612 | Sentence | denotes | In this study, the experimentally measured average total azithromycin concentrations in polymorphonuclear white blood cells (PMLs) was over 14 000 ng/mL. |
| T66 | 613-825 | Sentence | denotes | However, the model-predicted unionized azithromycin concentration of 6.0 ng/mL in the cytosol of PMLs was comparable to the measured interstitial concentrations in the muscle (8.7 ng/mL) and subcutis (4.1 ng/mL). |
| T67 | 826-984 | Sentence | denotes | Hence, the measured concentrations in white blood cells was approximately 2000-fold higher than the measured unbound concentrations in the interstitial space. |
| T68 | 985-1270 | Sentence | denotes | Considering the lysosomal volume is estimated to range between 0.5 to 5% of the cellular volume depending on cell type [14], [15], [16], [17], these concentrations are consistent with the expected magnitude of lysosomal accumulation and explain these very high cellular concentrations. |
| T69 | 1271-1396 | Sentence | denotes | Just as for hydroxychloroquine, the pharmacokinetic parameters of azithromycin confirm these extreme distribution properties. |
| T70 | 1397-1551 | Sentence | denotes | The volume of distribution of azithromycin was reported to be 31 L/kg and the half-life was 68 h, despite a relatively rapid clearance of 630 mL/min [18]. |
| T71 | 1552-1659 | Sentence | denotes | Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of azithromycin have been shown to be affected by the disease state [19]. |
| T72 | 1660-1809 | Sentence | denotes | In a preclinical investigation, azithromycin was injected into rats and interstitial concentrations were measured in both thighs using microdialysis. |
| T73 | 1810-1862 | Sentence | denotes | After 3 h, an infection was induced in only one leg. |
| T74 | 1863-1986 | Sentence | denotes | Shortly after, the unbound interstitial tissue concentrations increased in the infected leg, without any additional dosing. |
| T75 | 1987-2120 | Sentence | denotes | The results can be explained by macrophages loaded with lysosomal azithromycin migrating to and releasing drug at the infection site. |