PMC:7204657 / 68-2125
Annnotations
LitCovid-PubTator
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
22 | 82-86 | Gene | denotes | IL-6 | Gene:3569 |
23 | 245-253 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
24 | 680-688 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
25 | 847-855 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
26 | 51-62 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | MESH:C502936 |
27 | 194-205 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | MESH:C502936 |
28 | 362-373 | Chemical | denotes | Tocilizumab | MESH:C502936 |
29 | 529-540 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | MESH:C502936 |
30 | 762-773 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | MESH:C502936 |
31 | 866-877 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | MESH:C502936 |
32 | 175-183 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
33 | 236-244 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
34 | 434-454 | Disease | denotes | rheumatoid arthritis | MESH:D001172 |
35 | 459-479 | Disease | denotes | giant cell arteritis | MESH:D013700 |
36 | 594-612 | Disease | denotes | infectious disease | MESH:D003141 |
37 | 656-670 | Disease | denotes | critically ill | MESH:D016638 |
38 | 671-679 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
39 | 913-927 | Disease | denotes | diverticulitis | MESH:D004238 |
49 | 1006-1037 | Gene | denotes | angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 | Gene:59272 |
50 | 1039-1043 | Gene | denotes | ACE2 | Gene:59272 |
51 | 1150-1154 | Gene | denotes | ACE2 | Gene:59272 |
52 | 969-974 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
53 | 992-1002 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
54 | 1209-1219 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
55 | 1167-1192 | Disease | denotes | gastrointestinal symptoms | MESH:D012817 |
56 | 1253-1278 | Disease | denotes | gastrointestinal symptoms | MESH:D012817 |
57 | 1288-1302 | Disease | denotes | abdominal pain | MESH:D015746 |
67 | 1881-1899 | Gene | denotes | C-reactive protein | Gene:1401 |
68 | 1901-1904 | Gene | denotes | CRP | Gene:1401 |
69 | 1393-1401 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
70 | 1973-1981 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
71 | 1643-1654 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | MESH:C502936 |
72 | 1771-1782 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | MESH:C502936 |
73 | 1369-1383 | Disease | denotes | critically ill | MESH:D016638 |
74 | 1384-1392 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
75 | 1667-1675 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T2 | 96-104 | Body_part | denotes | antibody | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871 |
T3 | 126-134 | Body_part | denotes | cytokine | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050 |
T4 | 465-469 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T5 | 775-785 | Body_part | denotes | intestinal | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199 |
T6 | 821-831 | Body_part | denotes | intestinal | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199 |
T7 | 1079-1089 | Body_part | denotes | intestines | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199 |
T8 | 1095-1105 | Body_part | denotes | Intestinal | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199 |
T9 | 1220-1223 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
T10 | 1456-1466 | Body_part | denotes | intestinal | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199 |
T11 | 1501-1511 | Body_part | denotes | intestinal | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199 |
T12 | 1615-1625 | Body_part | denotes | intestinal | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199 |
T13 | 1820-1830 | Body_part | denotes | intestinal | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199 |
T14 | 1892-1899 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 1079-1089 | Body_part | denotes | intestines | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T3 | 175-183 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T4 | 236-244 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T5 | 434-454 | Disease | denotes | rheumatoid arthritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008383 |
T6 | 445-454 | Disease | denotes | arthritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005578 |
T7 | 459-479 | Disease | denotes | giant cell arteritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008538 |
T8 | 470-479 | Disease | denotes | arteritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0043494 |
T9 | 594-612 | Disease | denotes | infectious disease | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
T10 | 671-679 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T11 | 775-797 | Disease | denotes | intestinal perforation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006807 |
T12 | 821-843 | Disease | denotes | intestinal perforation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006807 |
T13 | 913-927 | Disease | denotes | diverticulitis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004235 |
T14 | 992-1000 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T15 | 1209-1217 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T16 | 1384-1392 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T17 | 1615-1637 | Disease | denotes | intestinal perforation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006807 |
T18 | 1667-1675 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T19 | 1820-1842 | Disease | denotes | intestinal perforation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006807 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T3 | 64-65 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T4 | 259-260 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T5 | 465-469 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
T6 | 728-729 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T7 | 775-785 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 | denotes | intestinal |
T8 | 775-785 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834 | denotes | intestinal |
T9 | 821-831 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 | denotes | intestinal |
T10 | 821-831 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834 | denotes | intestinal |
T11 | 928-931 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T12 | 946-947 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T13 | 969-974 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
T14 | 1079-1089 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 | denotes | intestines |
T15 | 1079-1089 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834 | denotes | intestines |
T16 | 1095-1105 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 | denotes | Intestinal |
T17 | 1095-1105 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834 | denotes | Intestinal |
T18 | 1456-1466 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 | denotes | intestinal |
T19 | 1456-1466 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834 | denotes | intestinal |
T20 | 1501-1511 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 | denotes | intestinal |
T21 | 1501-1511 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834 | denotes | intestinal |
T22 | 1615-1625 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 | denotes | intestinal |
T23 | 1615-1625 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834 | denotes | intestinal |
T24 | 1820-1830 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 | denotes | intestinal |
T25 | 1820-1830 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834 | denotes | intestinal |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 51-62 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64360 |
T2 | 82-84 | Chemical | denotes | IL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072 |
T4 | 194-205 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64360 |
T5 | 529-540 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64360 |
T6 | 762-773 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64360 |
T7 | 866-877 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64360 |
T8 | 1006-1017 | Chemical | denotes | angiotensin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433 |
T9 | 1643-1654 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64360 |
T10 | 1771-1782 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64360 |
T11 | 1892-1899 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T12 | 2055-2057 | Chemical | denotes | NA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696 |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 1106-1123 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 | denotes | viral replication |
T2 | 1106-1123 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 | denotes | viral replication |
T3 | 1798-1818 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006953 | denotes | acute phase response |
LitCovid-sentences
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T3 | 0-12 | Sentence | denotes | Dear Editor, |
T4 | 13-184 | Sentence | denotes | Zhang et al. [1] discussed the use of tocilizumab, a monoclonal anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, in the treatment of cytokine release syndrome associated with severe COVID-19. |
T5 | 185-361 | Sentence | denotes | Although tocilizumab may be beneficial in selected COVID-19 patients with a counterproductive hyperinflammatory phenotype, the efficacy and safety of such treatment is unknown. |
T6 | 362-480 | Sentence | denotes | Tocilizumab is primarily used for rheumatological conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis and giant cell arteritis. |
T7 | 481-689 | Sentence | denotes | Rheumatologists have extensive experience using tocilizumab; however, this may not be the case for intensivists, infectious disease specialists, and other physicians treating critically ill COVID-19 patients. |
T8 | 690-802 | Sentence | denotes | Therefore, we would like to highlight a rare but feared complication of tocilizumab: intestinal perforation [2]. |
T9 | 803-964 | Sentence | denotes | The mechanism for intestinal perforation in patients receiving tocilizumab is not fully understood, but prior diverticulitis has been noted as a risk factor [2]. |
T10 | 965-1094 | Sentence | denotes | The human host receptor of SARS-CoV-2 is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is highly expressed in the intestines [3]. |
T11 | 1095-1247 | Sentence | denotes | Intestinal viral replication is likely considering the ACE2 expression, gastrointestinal symptoms and presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in fecal samples [4,5]. |
T12 | 1248-1355 | Sentence | denotes | Some gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain, are associated with increased disease severity [5]. |
T13 | 1356-1530 | Sentence | denotes | Furthermore, critically ill COVID-19 patients may have altered hemodynamics, potentially leading to intestinal hypoperfusion that can compromise intestinal mucosal integrity. |
T14 | 1531-1759 | Sentence | denotes | More studies are required to evaluate whether these variables influence the risk of intestinal perforation with tocilizumab in critical COVID-19 cases; however, clinicians should be aware of the potential for this adverse event. |
T15 | 1760-1982 | Sentence | denotes | Lastly, as tocilizumab attenuates the acute phase response, intestinal perforation may not necessarily cause significant C-reactive protein (CRP) elevation and may initially go unnoticed in sedated and ventilated patients. |
T16 | 1984-1996 | Sentence | denotes | Declarations |
T17 | 1997-2005 | Sentence | denotes | Funding: |
T18 | 2006-2010 | Sentence | denotes | None |
T19 | 2011-2031 | Sentence | denotes | Competing Interests: |
T20 | 2032-2036 | Sentence | denotes | None |
T21 | 2037-2057 | Sentence | denotes | Ethical Approval: NA |
LitCovid-PD-HP
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T2 | 126-151 | Phenotype | denotes | cytokine release syndrome | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041 |
T3 | 434-454 | Phenotype | denotes | rheumatoid arthritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001370 |
T4 | 470-479 | Phenotype | denotes | arteritis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012089 |
T5 | 775-797 | Phenotype | denotes | intestinal perforation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031368 |
T6 | 821-843 | Phenotype | denotes | intestinal perforation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031368 |
T7 | 1288-1302 | Phenotype | denotes | abdominal pain | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002027 |
T8 | 1615-1637 | Phenotype | denotes | intestinal perforation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031368 |
T9 | 1798-1818 | Phenotype | denotes | acute phase response | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033331 |
T10 | 1820-1842 | Phenotype | denotes | intestinal perforation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031368 |