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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
5 34-58 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 MESH:C000657245
6 60-68 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
7 493-501 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
9 839-847 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
11 1035-1042 Disease denotes CHANGES MESH:D009402
15 1649-1657 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
16 1181-1189 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
17 1640-1648 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
19 1918-1926 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
22 3997-4006 Disease denotes pressured MESH:D006973
23 4129-4144 Disease denotes disrupting rise MESH:D019958
27 4335-4343 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
28 4397-4405 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
29 4456-4461 Disease denotes COVID MESH:C000657245
32 4840-4845 Gene denotes trail Gene:8743
33 4881-4889 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
35 5380-5388 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T2 34-58 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T3 60-68 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T4 493-501 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T5 839-847 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T6 1181-1189 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T7 1640-1648 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T8 1918-1926 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T9 4335-4343 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T10 4397-4405 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T11 4881-4889 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T12 5380-5388 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 98-101 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T2 112-113 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T3 281-282 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T4 444-445 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T5 714-719 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T6 783-788 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes faced
T7 1005-1018 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes organizations
T8 1230-1231 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T9 1282-1283 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T10 1372-1373 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T11 2340-2347 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T12 2891-2892 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T13 3203-3204 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T14 3385-3388 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T15 3401-3402 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T16 4020-4021 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T17 4115-4116 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T18 4259-4262 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T19 4268-4269 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T20 4348-4349 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T21 4433-4440 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009609 denotes wishing
T22 4480-4490 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes are facing
T23 5041-5042 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T24 5233-5234 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T25 5235-5240 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T26 5548-5561 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes organizations
T27 6545-6552 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes devices

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T2 4221-4232 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T3 5104-5115 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T4 6297-6308 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T5 6524-6529 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 244-252 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007612 denotes learning
T2 364-372 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007612 denotes learning
T3 1392-1405 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006412 denotes translational
T4 2157-2165 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007612 denotes learning
T5 3323-3336 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006412 denotes translational
T6 6093-6101 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007612 denotes learning

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T2 0-14 Sentence denotes To the Editor:
T3 15-158 Sentence denotes In the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, medical education has undergone a rapid fundamental, albeit temporary, change.
T4 159-383 Sentence denotes New obstacles have arisen for medical educators in the process of ensuring continued learning for medical students during a time when students have been removed from clinical work and relegated to virtual learning platforms.
T5 384-528 Sentence denotes For medical students interested in pursuing neurosurgery as a subspecialty, educational policies surrounding COVID-19 present unique challenges.
T6 529-857 Sentence denotes To combat limitations in opportunities for observation and participation in clinical and operative neurosurgery, it is essential to strategize methods to keep students engaged with the field.1 In the following discussion, we highlight specific obstacles faced by neurosurgery-bound medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
T7 858-1019 Sentence denotes Additionally, we highlight ways in which students are being proactive during this time and offer solutions for medical educators and neurosurgical organizations.
T8 1021-1042 Sentence denotes INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES
T9 1043-1213 Sentence denotes In early March 2020, Weill Cornell Medicine suspended all medical student teaching in clinical care settings amidst the continued rise in COVID-19 cases in New York City.
T10 1214-1334 Sentence denotes This ushered in a transformation of the core clinical curriculum to a remote, online platform for students of all years.
T11 1335-1688 Sentence denotes Institutional policies also mandated a halt of basic and translational science research in laboratories for experiments considered “nonessential.” Virtual clinical electives within different medical specialties became available for students currently in their clerkship year to participate in the care of COVID-19 patients and remain clinically engaged.
T12 1689-1824 Sentence denotes These were coupled with independent research electives for students already working on clinical research projects with faculty mentors.
T13 1826-1856 Sentence denotes IMPACT ON CLINICAL EXPERIENCES
T14 1857-2134 Sentence denotes For preclinical medical students interested in neurosurgery, COVID-19 policies have restricted opportunities to interact with the department in an effort to seek out potential mentors and to explore neurosurgical interests in the operating room, clinic, and the research space.
T15 2135-2272 Sentence denotes However, neuroanatomy learning modules, which traditionally have been offered virtually at our institution, remain relatively unaffected.
T16 2273-2560 Sentence denotes The clerkship year is crucial for accruing clinical experience and testing interests in various clinical subspecialties.2,3 Students in their clinical year have had surgery, neurology, and other clerkships either short-ended or postponed indefinitely, limiting vital clinical experience.
T17 2561-2712 Sentence denotes Replacement with virtual clinical electives understandably cannot fully help students acquire surgical skills or neurosurgery-specific clinical skills.
T18 2713-2808 Sentence denotes In light of these new policies, there have been discussions towards changing clerkship grading.
T19 2809-2991 Sentence denotes In particular, the National Board of Medical Examiners shelf exams, which make up a large component of overall clerkship grades, will now be administered remotely on an honor system.
T20 2992-3155 Sentence denotes With potential limitations on accountability during this process, there is uncertainty surrounding the validity of exam scores and, consequently, clerkship grades.
T21 3156-3252 Sentence denotes Some institutions have also begun implementing a pass/fail grading system for these shelf exams.
T22 3254-3299 Sentence denotes IMPACT ON NEUROSURGICAL RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY
T23 3300-3435 Sentence denotes The pause on basic and translational science for medical students at our institution has resulted in a shift towards clinical research.
T24 3436-3627 Sentence denotes In response, many postclerkship, third-year medical students currently conducting wet-lab research have had to modify their projects or adapt entirely new ones that can be completed remotely.
T25 3628-3804 Sentence denotes Additionally, the curricular changes created uncertainty for first-year students surrounding neurosurgical research opportunities for the summer between first and second years.
T26 3805-3937 Sentence denotes These restrictions might act to halt the momentum that students might otherwise be able to build early on in their academic careers.
T27 3938-4093 Sentence denotes Alternatively, an increasing number of students might feel pressured to undertake a research year to make up for the lost opportunities during these times.
T28 4094-4239 Sentence denotes If such is the case, a potentially disrupting rise in the number of residency applications may follow in next year's residency application cycle.
T29 4240-4344 Sentence denotes By contrast, there has been a surge of research questions and projects specifically related to COVID-19.
T30 4345-4571 Sentence denotes As a natural consequence of the increased amount of COVID-19-related research, students wishing to propose non-COVID research projects are facing dramatically increased processing times by the Institutional Review Board (IRB).
T31 4572-4746 Sentence denotes Hence, those without an existing IRB approval might feel more inclined to pursue projects that can proceed without such approval, such as meta-analyses and literature review.
T32 4748-4797 Sentence denotes IMPACT ON PREPARATION FOR NEUROSURGICAL RESIDENCY
T33 4798-4900 Sentence denotes Subinternship rotations and the interview trail are both threatened by the current COVID-19 landscape.
T34 4901-5064 Sentence denotes In addition to the lost letters of recommendation, cancelation of subinternships removes the opportunity for medical students to impress in a clinical environment.
T35 5065-5279 Sentence denotes Elimination of subinternships from the application process can thus be expected to be advantageous to those with “numerical” advantages, which may prove problematic in a field where the intangibles are so valuable.
T36 5281-5315 Sentence denotes ADAPTING TO CHANGING CIRCUMSTANCES
T37 5316-5480 Sentence denotes We conclude with potential solutions to issues being exposed by COVID-19 in neurosurgical education, some of which are already being implemented at our institution.
T38 5481-5679 Sentence denotes First, it is important for academic institutions and neurosurgical organizations to understand the impact that this pandemic is having on students in real-time to help make effective policy changes.
T39 5680-5847 Sentence denotes Second, we encourage medical student neurosurgery interest groups to capitalize on increased availability of now-remote students to form collaborative research groups.
T40 5848-5985 Sentence denotes Third, neurosurgical communities should utilize virtual platforms to offer educational and mentorship opportunities for medical students.
T41 5986-6157 Sentence denotes Inclusion of neurosurgery-minded students in virtual department educational meetings would enhance student learning and ensure accessibility of the department to students.
T42 6158-6247 Sentence denotes Lastly, many elements of preparedness programs4 could be converted into virtual webinars.
T43 6248-6429 Sentence denotes For example, webinars on neurosurgical residency application and subinternship preparation strategies by program directors could offer key insights to medical students of all years.
T44 6431-6442 Sentence denotes Disclosures
T45 6443-6579 Sentence denotes The authors have no personal, financial, or institutional interest in any of the drugs, materials, or devices described in this article.

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32355961-26711669-76252769 2393-2394 26711669 denotes 2
32355961-26361323-76252770 2395-2396 26361323 denotes 3
32355961-30947014-76252771 6204-6205 30947014 denotes 4