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LitCovid_Glycan-Motif-Structure

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 211-218 https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G15021LG denotes glucose
T2 863-870 https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G15021LG denotes glucose
T3 6415-6422 https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G15021LG denotes Glucose

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 211-218 Body_part denotes glucose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82743
T2 713-720 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T3 738-749 Body_part denotes hepatocytes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14515
T4 863-870 Body_part denotes glucose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82743
T5 875-880 Body_part denotes lipid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67264
T6 1111-1121 Body_part denotes human body http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma305853
T7 1160-1168 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T8 1548-1552 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T9 1835-1849 Body_part denotes umbilical vein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma70317
T10 1850-1867 Body_part denotes endothelial cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66772
T11 1862-1867 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T12 1897-1903 Body_part denotes kidney http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203
T13 1918-1923 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T14 2556-2559 Body_part denotes arm http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24890
T15 3036-3044 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T16 3150-3155 Body_part denotes liver http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7197
T17 3275-3282 Body_part denotes insulin http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83365
T18 3712-3719 Body_part denotes Protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T19 3720-3727 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T20 3740-3743 Body_part denotes map http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67847
T21 3925-3933 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T22 4010-4017 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T23 4018-4025 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T24 4095-4103 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T25 4274-4282 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T26 4387-4395 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T27 4501-4508 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T28 4509-4524 Body_part denotes protein complex http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67906
T29 4675-4678 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T30 4772-4789 Body_part denotes endothelial cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66772
T31 4784-4789 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T32 4857-4874 Body_part denotes endothelial cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66772
T33 4869-4874 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T34 5475-5480 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T35 5580-5587 Body_part denotes Insulin http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83365
T36 5909-5926 Body_part denotes pancreatic islets http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma76489
T37 5966-5970 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T38 6101-6109 Body_part denotes pancreas http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7198
T39 6176-6183 Body_part denotes tissues http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637
T40 6192-6196 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T41 6198-6203 Body_part denotes liver http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7197
T42 6208-6213 Body_part denotes heart http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7088
T43 6415-6422 Body_part denotes Glucose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82743
T44 6459-6467 Body_part denotes Glucagon http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83350
T45 6535-6542 Body_part denotes Insulin http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83365
T46 6829-6832 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T47 6853-6860 Body_part denotes insulin http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83365

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 1548-1552 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T2 1835-1849 Body_part denotes umbilical vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002066
T3 1845-1849 Body_part denotes vein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001638
T4 1897-1903 Body_part denotes kidney http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113
T5 2556-2559 Body_part denotes arm http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001460
T6 3150-3155 Body_part denotes liver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002107
T7 6101-6109 Body_part denotes pancreas http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001264
T8 6192-6196 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T9 6198-6203 Body_part denotes liver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002107
T10 6208-6213 Body_part denotes heart http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 13-21 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T2 46-54 Disease denotes diabetes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015
T3 187-196 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T4 486-494 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T5 923-931 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T6 956-964 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T7 1355-1390 Disease denotes Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502
T8 1361-1390 Disease denotes Respiratory Distress Syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009971
T9 1392-1396 Disease denotes ARDS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502
T10 1464-1472 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T11 1542-1559 Disease denotes acute lung injury http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0015796
T13 1553-1559 Disease denotes injury http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178
T14 1561-1564 Disease denotes ALI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502
T15 1580-1588 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T16 1636-1639 Disease denotes ALI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502
T17 2223-2231 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T18 2746-2754 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T19 3006-3015 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T20 3102-3111 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T21 3495-3504 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T22 3582-3591 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T23 3694-3702 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T24 3857-3865 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T25 3904-3912 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T26 4627-4631 Disease denotes Zika http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018661
T27 4638-4642 Disease denotes Zika http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018661
T28 5315-5323 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T29 5442-5450 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T30 5564-5572 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T31 5603-5611 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T32 5702-5710 Disease denotes diabetes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015
T33 5848-5856 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T34 5861-5869 Disease denotes diabetes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015
T35 5992-6016 Disease denotes Type 2 diabetes mellitus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005148
T36 5999-6016 Disease denotes diabetes mellitus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015
T37 6101-6109 Disease denotes pancreas http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021040
T38 6126-6134 Disease denotes diabetes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015
T39 6321-6329 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T40 6573-6581 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T41 6599-6607 Disease denotes diabetes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015
T42 6746-6757 Disease denotes hepatitis C http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005231
T43 6746-6755 Disease denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T44 6771-6782 Disease denotes hepatitis B http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005344
T45 6771-6780 Disease denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T46 6805-6821 Disease denotes immunodeficiency http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021094
T47 7442-7444 Disease denotes BS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008876

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 23-24 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T2 115-116 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T3 618-623 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T4 689-698 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activates
T5 703-712 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activated
T6 949-954 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T7 973-976 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T8 1111-1116 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T9 1170-1172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T10 1209-1215 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 4], [5
T11 1259-1264 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T12 1494-1500 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T13 1548-1552 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T14 1548-1552 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T15 1597-1600 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T16 1708-1711 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T17 1829-1834 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T18 1835-1849 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002066 denotes umbilical vein
T19 1835-1849 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001940 denotes umbilical vein
T20 1850-1867 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000115 denotes endothelial cells
T21 1869-1875 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0004307 denotes HUVECs
T22 1881-1886 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T23 1887-1903 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927 denotes embryonic kidney
T24 1904-1907 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001230 denotes 293
T25 1904-1907 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0037237 denotes 293
T26 1904-1907 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050903 denotes 293
T27 1904-1907 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054249 denotes 293
T28 1904-1907 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054250 denotes 293
T29 1904-1907 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054251 denotes 293
T30 1904-1907 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054252 denotes 293
T31 1918-1923 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T32 1964-1974 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T33 2072-2073 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T34 2281-2282 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T35 2334-2339 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T36 2360-2361 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T37 2556-2559 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001410 denotes arm
T38 2830-2840 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T39 2862-2872 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signalling
T40 2948-2958 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signalling
T41 3112-3119 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T42 3131-3140 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activates
T43 3150-3155 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002107 denotes liver
T44 3150-3155 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000887 denotes liver
T45 3237-3247 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T46 3275-3291 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000009064 denotes insulin receptor
T47 3348-3358 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signalling
T48 3368-3370 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T49 3478-3484 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T50 3779-3780 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T51 3919-3933 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000029067 denotes human proteins
T52 3998-4000 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001547 denotes AP
T53 4001-4003 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007874 denotes MS
T54 4089-4103 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000029067 denotes human proteins
T55 4268-4282 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000029067 denotes human proteins
T56 4307-4317 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signalling
T57 4444-4454 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signalling
T58 4509-4524 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043234 denotes protein complex
T59 4632-4637 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T60 4643-4648 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T61 4657-4658 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T62 4679-4684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T63 4689-4690 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T64 4691-4699 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_7157 denotes mosquito
T65 4724-4725 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T66 4738-4744 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0004307 denotes HUVECs
T67 4749-4754 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T68 4772-4789 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000115 denotes endothelial cells
T69 4857-4874 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000115 denotes endothelial cells
T70 4881-4891 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes Activation
T71 4937-4947 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activators
T72 5057-5066 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes Activated
T73 5118-5123 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes genes
T74 5187-5190 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009915 denotes MX1
T75 5327-5328 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T76 5342-5345 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T77 5468-5474 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002172 denotes Caco-2
T78 5468-5474 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051943 denotes Caco-2
T79 5468-5474 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051958 denotes Caco-2
T80 5468-5474 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051960 denotes Caco-2
T81 5475-5480 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T82 5517-5518 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T83 5580-5587 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000009054 denotes Insulin
T84 5614-5615 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T85 5666-5667 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T86 5784-5786 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T87 5798-5799 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T88 5816-5817 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T89 5892-5897 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T90 5909-5926 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000006 denotes pancreatic islets
T91 5966-5970 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T92 6047-6053 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T93 6089-6097 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T94 6101-6109 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001264 denotes pancreas
T95 6192-6196 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T96 6198-6203 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002107 denotes liver
T97 6198-6203 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000887 denotes liver
T98 6208-6213 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948 denotes heart
T99 6208-6213 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007100 denotes heart
T100 6208-6213 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015228 denotes heart
T101 6208-6213 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000815 denotes heart
T102 6473-6480 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 denotes Peptide
T103 6535-6542 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000009054 denotes Insulin
T104 6615-6617 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T105 6717-6718 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T106 6758-6763 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T107 6781-6782 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T108 6783-6788 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T109 6799-6804 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T110 6822-6827 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T111 6853-6860 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000009054 denotes insulin
T112 6896-6897 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T113 6964-6967 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T114 7208-7209 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 0-9 Chemical denotes Metformin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6801
T2 59-68 Chemical denotes Metformin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6801
T3 140-149 Chemical denotes metformin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6801
T4 197-201 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T5 211-218 Chemical denotes glucose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17234|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4167
T7 298-307 Chemical denotes metformin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6801
T8 338-346 Chemical denotes medicine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T9 521-526 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T10 566-575 Chemical denotes metformin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6801
T11 598-603 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T12 629-638 Chemical denotes Metformin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6801
T13 679-688 Chemical denotes Metformin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6801
T14 699-702 Chemical denotes AMP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16027|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28971|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_456215
T17 713-720 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T18 818-827 Chemical denotes metformin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6801
T19 863-870 Chemical denotes glucose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17234|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4167
T21 875-880 Chemical denotes lipid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18059
T22 903-912 Chemical denotes Metformin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6801
T23 1041-1052 Chemical denotes angiotensin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433
T24 1160-1168 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T25 1297-1299 Chemical denotes PD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74756
T26 1339-1341 Chemical denotes PD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74756
T27 1935-1944 Chemical denotes metformin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6801
T28 2074-2089 Chemical denotes phosphate group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32958|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_68546
T30 2074-2083 Chemical denotes phosphate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18367|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26020|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35780|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43474
T34 2084-2089 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T35 2302-2310 Chemical denotes molecule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T36 2444-2455 Chemical denotes angiotensin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433
T37 2456-2467 Chemical denotes aldosterone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27584|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30834
T39 2476-2479 Chemical denotes RAS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63620
T40 2671-2674 Chemical denotes RAS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63620
T41 2700-2709 Chemical denotes metformin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6801
T42 2880-2889 Chemical denotes Metformin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6801
T43 2931-2940 Chemical denotes rapamycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9168
T44 3121-3130 Chemical denotes Metformin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6801
T45 3275-3282 Chemical denotes insulin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145810
T46 3379-3388 Chemical denotes biguanide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3095
T47 3389-3398 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T48 3413-3423 Chemical denotes phenformin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8064
T49 3604-3613 Chemical denotes metformin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6801
T50 3712-3719 Chemical denotes Protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16541
T51 3720-3727 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T52 3762-3766 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T53 3925-3933 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T54 3998-4000 Chemical denotes AP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28971|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73393|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_81686
T57 4001-4003 Chemical denotes MS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73613
T58 4010-4017 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T59 4018-4025 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T60 4095-4103 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T61 4206-4215 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T62 4274-4282 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T63 4387-4395 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T64 4420-4429 Chemical denotes metformin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6801
T65 4501-4508 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T66 4509-4516 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T67 4755-4762 Chemical denotes retinal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15035
T68 4932-4947 Chemical denotes AMPK activators http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_85053
T69 4949-4958 Chemical denotes metformin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6801
T70 4963-4993 Chemical denotes 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2030
T71 4965-4979 Chemical denotes aminoimidazole http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22512
T72 4982-4993 Chemical denotes carboxamide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23004|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37622
T74 4994-5008 Chemical denotes ribonucleotide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26561
T75 5010-5015 Chemical denotes AICAR http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18406
T76 5135-5144 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T77 5417-5419 Chemical denotes DG http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73450
T78 5546-5555 Chemical denotes metformin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6801
T79 5580-5587 Chemical denotes Insulin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5931
T80 6415-6422 Chemical denotes Glucose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17234|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4167|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_42758
T83 6437-6447 Chemical denotes inhibitors http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222
T84 6459-6467 Chemical denotes Glucagon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5391
T85 6473-6480 Chemical denotes Peptide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670
T86 6513-6525 Chemical denotes Pioglitazone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8228
T87 6535-6542 Chemical denotes Insulin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5931
T88 6653-6662 Chemical denotes metformin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6801
T89 6853-6860 Chemical denotes insulin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145810
T90 6879-6888 Chemical denotes metformin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6801
T91 7431-7433 Chemical denotes SS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73653
T92 7435-7437 Chemical denotes AR http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_137238

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 729-733 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050405 denotes AMPK
T2 729-733 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047322 denotes AMPK
T3 729-733 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004691 denotes AMPK
T4 765-780 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310 denotes phosphorylation
T5 875-891 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006629 denotes lipid metabolism
T6 881-891 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008152 denotes metabolism
T7 913-917 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050405 denotes AMPK
T8 913-917 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047322 denotes AMPK
T9 913-917 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004691 denotes AMPK
T10 1658-1667 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016236 denotes autophagy
T11 1658-1667 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006914 denotes autophagy
T12 1680-1684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050405 denotes AMPK
T13 1680-1684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047322 denotes AMPK
T14 1680-1684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004691 denotes AMPK
T15 1703-1707 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050405 denotes AMPK
T16 1703-1707 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047322 denotes AMPK
T17 1703-1707 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004691 denotes AMPK
T18 1798-1813 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310 denotes phosphorylating
T19 1959-1963 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050405 denotes AMPK
T20 1959-1963 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047322 denotes AMPK
T21 1959-1963 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004691 denotes AMPK
T22 1991-2006 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310 denotes phosphorylation
T23 2857-2861 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050405 denotes AMPK
T24 2857-2861 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047322 denotes AMPK
T25 2857-2861 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004691 denotes AMPK
T26 2862-2872 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052 denotes signalling
T27 2948-2958 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052 denotes signalling
T28 2990-3002 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes pathogenesis
T29 3141-3145 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050405 denotes AMPK
T30 3141-3145 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047322 denotes AMPK
T31 3141-3145 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004691 denotes AMPK
T32 3256-3271 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016310 denotes phosphorylation
T33 3348-3366 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007165 denotes signalling cascade
T34 3348-3358 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052 denotes signalling
T35 3530-3534 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016303 denotes PI3K
T36 4307-4325 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007165 denotes signalling pathway
T37 4307-4317 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052 denotes signalling
T38 4444-4454 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052 denotes signalling
T39 4546-4563 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T40 4546-4563 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T41 4568-4580 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes pathogenesis
T42 4588-4605 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes Viral replication
T43 4588-4605 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes Viral replication
T44 4811-4815 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050405 denotes AMPK
T45 4811-4815 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047322 denotes AMPK
T46 4811-4815 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004691 denotes AMPK
T47 4895-4899 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050405 denotes AMPK
T48 4895-4899 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047322 denotes AMPK
T49 4895-4899 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004691 denotes AMPK
T50 4932-4936 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050405 denotes AMPK
T51 4932-4936 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047322 denotes AMPK
T52 4932-4936 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004691 denotes AMPK
T53 5067-5071 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050405 denotes AMPK
T54 5067-5071 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047322 denotes AMPK
T55 5067-5071 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004691 denotes AMPK
T56 5360-5384 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045820 denotes inhibition of glycolysis
T57 5374-5384 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006096 denotes glycolysis
T58 6415-6434 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904659 denotes Glucose-Transporter

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-22 Sentence denotes Metformin in COVID-19:
T2 23-54 Sentence denotes A possible role beyond diabetes
T3 56-69 Sentence denotes 1 Metformin:
T4 70-108 Sentence denotes Historical re-purposing and pleiotropy
T5 109-265 Sentence denotes It is a lesser-known fact that metformin was originally introduced as an anti-influenza drug and that glucose-lowering was only one of its side effects [1].
T6 266-420 Sentence denotes The many pleiotropic effects of metformin and its widespread utility in medicine today have led scientists to call it the aspirin of the 21st century [2].
T7 421-624 Sentence denotes In the current scenario, when there is no specific agent against COVID-19, and when re-purposing of drugs is the primary weapon, we suggest that metformin be used as one of the drugs to combat the virus.
T8 626-639 Sentence denotes 2 Metformin:
T9 640-678 Sentence denotes Mechanism of action on molecular level
T10 679-781 Sentence denotes Metformin activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in hepatocytes by causing its phosphorylation.
T11 782-896 Sentence denotes This is the main mechanism by which metformin brings about favourable effects on glucose and lipid metabolism [3].
T12 898-933 Sentence denotes 2.1 Metformin-AMPK-ACE2-SARS-CoV-2
T13 934-1096 Sentence denotes The juggernaut virus, SARS-CoV-2, that has led to the deaths of over 1.7 lakh people across the world uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as its receptor.
T14 1097-1217 Sentence denotes It enters the human body through interaction between its spike proteins (S1) and the N-terminal region of ACE2 [4], [5].
T15 1218-1354 Sentence denotes The receptor binding domain (RBD) of the virus binds with the protease domain (PD) of the ACE2 receptor and forms an RBD-PD complex [4].
T16 1355-1477 Sentence denotes Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is one of the commonest complications developing in patients with COVID-19 [6].
T17 1478-1593 Sentence denotes There have been animal studies that have implicated ACE2 in the acute lung injury (ALI) caused due to SARS-CoV [4].
T18 1594-1702 Sentence denotes It has been hypothesized that ACE2 causes ALI by bringing about autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway [7].
T19 1703-1928 Sentence denotes AMPK has been shown to increase the expression of ACE2 as well as to increase its stability by phosphorylating ACE2 Ser680 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293T) cells [8].
T20 1929-2180 Sentence denotes Since metformin works through AMPK activation, which leads to phosphorylation of ACE2 [8], we can consider that theoretically this addition of a phosphate group (PO4 −3) would bring about conformational and functional changes in the ACE2 receptor [9].
T21 2181-2311 Sentence denotes This could lead to decreased binding with SARS-CoV-2 RBD due to steric hindrance by the addition of a large sized PO4 −3 molecule.
T22 2312-2395 Sentence denotes Nonetheless, once the virus is inside, there is a downregulation of ACE2 receptors.
T23 2396-2631 Sentence denotes This in turn leads to an imbalance in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) promoting the deleterious effects of its pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic arm, further giving rise to the lethal cardio-pulmonary complications [10].
T24 2632-2692 Sentence denotes By upregulating ACE2, the imbalance in RAS could be averted.
T25 2693-2873 Sentence denotes Hence, metformin would not only prevent the entry of SARS-CoV-2 as described above, but also prevent the detrimental sequelae by causing activation of ACE2 through AMPK-signalling.
T26 2875-2906 Sentence denotes 2.2 Metformin-mTOR-Coronavirus
T27 2907-3120 Sentence denotes The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of influenza, besides modulating antibody response for cross-protective immunity against infective influenza viruses.
T28 3121-3202 Sentence denotes Metformin activates AMPK via liver kinase B1 (LKB1), inhibiting the mTOR pathway.
T29 3203-3372 Sentence denotes It also indirectly attenuates AKT activation through phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) resulting in inhibition of the mTOR signalling cascade [11].
T30 3373-3516 Sentence denotes Other biguanide molecules, buformin and phenformin have been associated with better survival outcomes in animal models of influenza [12], [13].
T31 3517-3597 Sentence denotes Further, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway plays major roles in MERS‑CoV infection [14].
T32 3598-3705 Sentence denotes Since metformin inhibits the same pathway, it would be interesting to decipher its role against SARS-CoV-2.
T33 3707-3778 Sentence denotes 2.3 Protein-protein interaction map and network-based drug repurposing
T34 3779-3939 Sentence denotes A study was attempted to narrow the existing molecular-level knowledge gap of SARS-CoV-2 by mapping the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and human proteins [15].
T35 3940-4066 Sentence denotes With the help of affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS), 332 protein–protein interactions (PPIs) could be identified.
T36 4067-4232 Sentence denotes Further, 66 druggable human proteins/factors targeted by 69 medicines which were either FDA-approved or in clinical trials or pre-clinical molecules were recognized.
T37 4233-4413 Sentence denotes To our interest, it was found that human proteins regulated by the mTORC1 signalling pathway, specifically LARP1 and FKBP7, interact with important viral proteins, N and Orf8 [15].
T38 4414-4581 Sentence denotes Since metformin inhibits mTOR signalling, it could act as an indirect modulator of the protein–protein complex, thus preventing the viral replication and pathogenesis.
T39 4583-4606 Sentence denotes 2.4 Viral replication:
T40 4607-4637 Sentence denotes Lessons learnt from Zika virus
T41 4638-4723 Sentence denotes Zika virus (ZIKV), a single-stranded RNA virus, is a mosquito transmitted flavivirus.
T42 4724-4880 Sentence denotes A study using HUVECs and human retinal vascular endothelial cells (HRvECs) showed that AMPK restricts the replication of ZIKV in the endothelial cells [16].
T43 4881-5056 Sentence denotes Activation of AMPK with the help of two well-known AMPK activators, metformin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) led to attenuation of ZIKV replication.
T44 5057-5251 Sentence denotes Activated AMPK further potentiated the expression of certain genes with known antiviral properties such as IFNs, OAS2, ISG15, and MX1 while inhibiting inflammatory mediators like TNF-α and CCL5.
T45 5252-5326 Sentence denotes It would be useful to explore whether the same is observed for SARS-CoV-2.
T46 5327-5486 Sentence denotes A recent study has reported that inhibition of glycolysis by non-toxic concentration of 2-DG completely attenuated SARS-CoV-2 replication in Caco-2 cells [17].
T47 5487-5573 Sentence denotes All of these indicate towards a possible frontline role of metformin against COVID-19.
T48 5575-5613 Sentence denotes 2.5 Insulin resistance and SARS-CoV-2
T49 5614-5788 Sentence denotes A few case reports from China and Italy, along with a Chinese meta-analysis, have shown diabetes to be an important risk factor for severe disease requiring ventilation [18].
T50 5789-6029 Sentence denotes Further, a study had shown a direct metabolic link between SARS-CoV and diabetes, postulating that the virus enters the pancreatic islets which express ACE2, leading to acute β-cell damage and transient Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [19].
T51 6030-6219 Sentence denotes Evidence from an animal study points toward increased ACE2 activity in pancreas of persons with diabetes besides its elevated expression in other tissues such as lung, liver and heart [20].
T52 6220-6330 Sentence denotes Hence, optimal control of T2DM, for both chronic and transient cases, might help in the treatment of COVID-19.
T53 6331-6676 Sentence denotes Although recent discussions point out that oral hypoglycaemic agents such as Sodium-Glucose-Transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i), Glucagon-Like-Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RAs), Pioglitazone and even Insulin might actually be harmful for COVID-19 individuals with diabetes [21], [22], limited evidence is available on metformin for the same.
T54 6677-6943 Sentence denotes Considering its pleiotropic effects and a possible role in combating hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through increasing insulin sensitivity [23], metformin can be a real game-changer for treating this pandemic.
T55 6945-6952 Sentence denotes Funding
T56 6953-7021 Sentence denotes No funding has been received for the preparation of this manuscript.
T57 7023-7033 Sentence denotes Authorship
T58 7034-7404 Sentence denotes All authors meet the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria for authorship of this article, take responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole and that it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically, and have given their approval for this version to be published.
T59 7406-7430 Sentence denotes Authorship contributions
T60 7431-7481 Sentence denotes SS, AR and BS co-wrote and revised the manuscript.
T61 7483-7516 Sentence denotes Declaration of Competing Interest
T62 7517-7687 Sentence denotes The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 1361-1381 Phenotype denotes Respiratory Distress http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098
T2 1542-1559 Phenotype denotes acute lung injury http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_178320
T3 1561-1564 Phenotype denotes ALI http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_178320
T4 1636-1639 Phenotype denotes ALI http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_178320
T5 5580-5598 Phenotype denotes Insulin resistance http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000855
T6 5992-6007 Phenotype denotes Type 2 diabetes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0005978
T7 6746-6755 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T8 6771-6780 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T9 6805-6821 Phenotype denotes immunodeficiency http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002721

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32360697-30290005-25244881 262-263 30290005 denotes 1
32360697-28619690-25244882 417-418 28619690 denotes 2
32360697-11602624-25244883 893-894 11602624 denotes 3
32360697-32142651-25244884 1214-1215 32142651 denotes 5
32360697-31986264-25244885 1474-1475 31986264 denotes 6
32360697-31356776-25244886 1699-1700 31356776 denotes 7
32360697-21421541-25244887 3368-3370 21421541 denotes 11
32360697-5447272-25244888 3506-3508 5447272 denotes 12
32360697-32313883-25244889 3512-3514 32313883 denotes 13
32360697-25487801-25244890 3593-3595 25487801 denotes 14
32360697-32086387-25244891 4876-4878 32086387 denotes 16
32360697-19333547-25244892 6215-6217 19333547 denotes 20
32360697-29363663-25244893 6874-6876 29363663 denotes 23

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
3 0-9 Chemical denotes Metformin MESH:D008687
4 13-21 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
5 46-54 Disease denotes diabetes MESH:D003920
7 59-68 Chemical denotes Metformin MESH:D008687
13 187-196 Species denotes influenza Tax:11308
14 140-149 Chemical denotes metformin MESH:D008687
15 211-218 Chemical denotes glucose MESH:D005947
16 298-307 Chemical denotes metformin MESH:D008687
17 388-395 Chemical denotes aspirin MESH:D001241
20 566-575 Chemical denotes metformin MESH:D008687
21 486-494 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
23 629-638 Chemical denotes Metformin MESH:D008687
30 699-727 Gene denotes AMP-activated protein kinase Gene:5563
31 729-733 Gene denotes AMPK Gene:5563
32 679-688 Chemical denotes Metformin MESH:D008687
33 818-827 Chemical denotes metformin MESH:D008687
34 863-870 Chemical denotes glucose MESH:D005947
35 875-880 Chemical denotes lipid MESH:D008055
38 913-917 Gene denotes AMPK Gene:5563
39 918-922 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
50 1041-1072 Gene denotes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Gene:59272
51 1074-1078 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
52 1203-1207 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
53 1308-1312 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
54 956-966 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
55 1012-1018 Species denotes people Tax:9606
56 1111-1116 Species denotes human Tax:9606
57 988-994 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
58 1297-1299 Disease denotes PD MESH:D010300
59 1339-1341 Disease denotes PD MESH:D010300
78 1530-1534 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
79 1624-1628 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
80 1680-1684 Gene denotes AMPK Gene:5563
81 1685-1689 Gene denotes mTOR Gene:2475
82 1703-1707 Gene denotes AMPK Gene:5563
83 1753-1757 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
84 1814-1818 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
85 1450-1458 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
86 1580-1588 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
87 1829-1834 Species denotes human Tax:9606
88 1881-1886 Species denotes human Tax:9606
89 1819-1825 Chemical denotes Ser680
90 1355-1390 Disease denotes Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome MESH:D012128
91 1392-1396 Disease denotes ARDS MESH:D012128
92 1464-1472 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
93 1542-1559 Disease denotes acute lung injury MESH:D055371
94 1887-1903 Disease denotes embryonic kidney MESH:D007674
95 1904-1917 CellLine denotes 293 (HEK293T) CVCL:0063
103 1959-1963 Gene denotes AMPK Gene:5563
104 2010-2014 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
105 2162-2166 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
106 2223-2233 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
107 1935-1944 Chemical denotes metformin MESH:D008687
108 2074-2083 Chemical denotes phosphate MESH:D010710
109 2295-2301 Chemical denotes PO4 −3
117 2380-2384 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
118 2648-2652 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
119 2844-2848 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
120 2857-2861 Gene denotes AMPK Gene:5563
121 2746-2756 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
122 2456-2467 Chemical denotes aldosterone MESH:D000450
123 2700-2709 Chemical denotes metformin MESH:D008687
126 2890-2894 Gene denotes mTOR Gene:2475
127 2880-2889 Chemical denotes Metformin MESH:D008687
150 2911-2940 Gene denotes mammalian target of rapamycin Gene:2475
151 2942-2946 Gene denotes mTOR Gene:2475
152 3141-3145 Gene denotes AMPK Gene:5563
153 3150-3165 Gene denotes liver kinase B1 Gene:6794
154 3167-3171 Gene denotes LKB1 Gene:6794
155 3189-3193 Gene denotes mTOR Gene:2475
156 3233-3236 Gene denotes AKT Gene:207
157 3275-3303 Gene denotes insulin receptor substrate 1 Gene:3667
158 3305-3310 Gene denotes IRS-1 Gene:3667
159 3343-3347 Gene denotes mTOR Gene:2475
160 3535-3538 Gene denotes AKT Gene:207
161 3539-3543 Gene denotes mTOR Gene:2475
162 3102-3119 Species denotes influenza viruses Tax:11308
163 3694-3704 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
164 3006-3015 Species denotes influenza Tax:11308
165 3495-3504 Species denotes influenza Tax:11308
166 3121-3130 Chemical denotes Metformin MESH:D008687
167 3379-3388 Chemical denotes biguanide MESH:D001645
168 3400-3408 Chemical denotes buformin MESH:D002026
169 3413-3423 Chemical denotes phenformin MESH:D010629
170 3604-3613 Chemical denotes metformin MESH:D008687
171 3573-3591 Disease denotes MERS‑CoV infection MESH:D018352
182 4300-4306 Gene denotes mTORC1 Gene:382056
183 4340-4345 Gene denotes LARP1 Gene:23367
184 4350-4355 Gene denotes FKBP7 Gene:51661
185 4439-4443 Gene denotes mTOR Gene:2475
186 3857-3867 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
187 3904-3914 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
188 3919-3924 Species denotes human Tax:9606
189 4089-4094 Species denotes human Tax:9606
190 4268-4273 Species denotes human Tax:9606
191 4420-4429 Chemical denotes metformin MESH:D008687
216 4811-4815 Gene denotes AMPK Gene:5563
217 4895-4899 Gene denotes AMPK Gene:5563
218 4932-4936 Gene denotes AMPK Gene:5563
219 5067-5071 Gene denotes AMPK Gene:5563
220 5170-5174 Gene denotes OAS2 Gene:4939
221 5176-5181 Gene denotes ISG15 Gene:9636
222 5187-5190 Gene denotes MX1 Gene:4599
223 5236-5241 Gene denotes TNF-α Gene:7124
224 5246-5250 Gene denotes CCL5 Gene:6352
225 4638-4648 Species denotes Zika virus Tax:64320
226 4650-4654 Species denotes ZIKV Tax:64320
227 4657-4684 Species denotes a single-stranded RNA virus Tax:674971
228 4749-4754 Species denotes human Tax:9606
229 4845-4849 Species denotes ZIKV Tax:64320
230 5039-5043 Species denotes ZIKV Tax:64320
231 5315-5325 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
232 5442-5452 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
233 4949-4958 Chemical denotes metformin MESH:D008687
234 4963-5008 Chemical denotes 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide MESH:C031143
235 5010-5015 Chemical denotes AICAR MESH:C031143
236 5415-5419 Chemical denotes 2-DG MESH:D003847
237 5546-5555 Chemical denotes metformin MESH:D008687
238 5564-5572 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
239 5468-5474 CellLine denotes Caco-2 CVCL:0025
241 5580-5587 Gene denotes Insulin Gene:3630
265 5941-5945 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
266 6084-6088 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
267 6535-6542 Gene denotes Insulin Gene:3630
268 6853-6860 Gene denotes insulin Gene:3630
269 5848-5856 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
270 6113-6120 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
271 6746-6763 Species denotes hepatitis C virus Tax:11103
272 6771-6788 Species denotes hepatitis B virus Tax:10407
273 6799-6827 Species denotes human immunodeficiency virus Tax:12721
274 6765-6768 Species denotes HCV Tax:11103
275 6790-6793 Species denotes HBV Tax:10407
276 6415-6422 Chemical denotes Glucose MESH:D005947
277 6513-6525 Chemical denotes Pioglitazone MESH:D000077205
278 6653-6662 Chemical denotes metformin MESH:D008687
279 6879-6888 Chemical denotes metformin MESH:D008687
280 5702-5710 Disease denotes diabetes MESH:D003920
281 5861-5869 Disease denotes diabetes MESH:D003920
282 5992-6016 Disease denotes Type 2 diabetes mellitus MESH:D003924
283 6126-6134 Disease denotes diabetes MESH:D003920
284 6321-6329 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
285 6573-6581 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
286 6599-6607 Disease denotes diabetes MESH:D003920
287 6829-6832 Disease denotes HIV MESH:D015658