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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
1 23-76 Species denotes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Related Coronavirus Tax:694009
15 173-180 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
16 195-248 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus Tax:694009
17 252-262 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
18 600-607 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
19 933-941 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
20 1021-1028 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
21 1588-1598 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
22 709-720 Species denotes respiratory Tax:12814
23 181-189 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
24 264-273 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
25 319-327 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
26 762-770 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
27 1510-1530 Disease denotes SARS–CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
31 1721-1728 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
32 1712-1720 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
33 1766-1774 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
35 1985-1993 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
39 2139-2149 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
40 2153-2164 Species denotes respiratory Tax:12814
41 2214-2222 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
43 2343-2353 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
54 2573-2581 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
55 2702-2755 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus Tax:694009
56 2759-2769 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
57 2794-2809 Species denotes betacoronavirus Tax:694002
58 2903-2914 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
59 2925-2931 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
60 2587-2596 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
61 2864-2872 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
62 2962-2970 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
63 3398-3414 Disease denotes viral infections MESH:D001102
74 3545-3552 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
75 3620-3628 Species denotes children Tax:9606
76 4055-4062 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
77 3533-3538 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
78 3558-3566 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
79 3608-3616 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
80 3726-3742 Disease denotes critical illness MESH:D016638
81 3870-3879 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
82 3951-3959 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
83 4111-4116 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
87 4376-4386 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
88 4610-4620 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
89 4403-4412 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
99 4759-4769 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
100 4847-4858 Species denotes Coronavirus Tax:11118
101 4943-4958 Species denotes Betacoronavirus Tax:694002
102 4968-4978 Species denotes SARS Virus Tax:694009
103 5459-5467 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
104 5654-5659 Species denotes human Tax:9606
105 4868-4890 Disease denotes Coronavirus Infections MESH:D018352
106 4900-4933 Disease denotes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome MESH:D045169
107 5446-5451 Disease denotes covid MESH:C000657245
109 6287-6297 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
115 6420-6427 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
116 6665-6672 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
117 6781-6791 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
118 6832-6839 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
119 6640-6648 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
128 6874-6884 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
129 7249-7256 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
130 7438-7445 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
131 7498-7506 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
132 7604-7612 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
133 7429-7437 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
134 7512-7521 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
135 7636-7642 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
137 8123-8131 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
144 8549-8559 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
145 8707-8714 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
146 10035-10042 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
147 8740-8748 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
148 8945-8954 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
149 10086-10096 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
152 10323-10330 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
153 10356-10364 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
159 10520-10528 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
160 10994-11004 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
161 11082-11092 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
162 11103-11113 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
163 11116-11169 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus Tax:694009
172 12150-12158 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
173 12222-12229 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
174 12261-12268 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
175 12433-12441 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
176 12564-12571 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
177 11279-11287 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
178 12194-12202 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
179 12332-12340 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
188 13031-13039 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
189 12751-12762 Species denotes respiratory Tax:12814
190 13277-13288 Species denotes respiratory Tax:12814
191 12796-12804 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
192 12995-13003 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
193 13055-13063 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
194 13095-13111 Disease denotes viral infections MESH:D001102
195 13228-13248 Disease denotes SARS–CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
199 13747-13754 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
200 13561-13577 Disease denotes acute infections MESH:D007239
201 13794-13803 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
210 13942-13950 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
211 14093-14103 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
212 14175-14185 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
213 13999-14010 Species denotes respiratory Tax:12814
214 14932-14943 Species denotes respiratory Tax:12814
215 14425-14433 Chemical denotes aluminum MESH:D000535
216 14485-14501 Chemical denotes calcium alginate MESH:D000464
217 13956-13964 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
225 15530-15534 Gene denotes RdRP Gene:43740578
226 15292-15304 Gene denotes nucleocapsid Gene:43740575
227 15208-15218 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
228 15335-15340 Species denotes human Tax:9606
229 15489-15499 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
230 15628-15638 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
231 15704-15717 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
239 17077-17084 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
240 17275-17285 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
241 16982-16993 Species denotes respiratory Tax:12814
242 17190-17201 Species denotes respiratory Tax:12814
243 16757-16767 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
244 16664-16673 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
245 16951-16959 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
248 17420-17448 Disease denotes respiratory viral infections
249 17604-17613 Disease denotes Abbott ID MESH:C537985
253 17766-17776 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
254 17873-17883 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
255 18000-18012 Disease denotes tuberculosis MESH:D014376
262 19013-19025 Gene denotes nucleocapsid Gene:43740575
263 18339-18366 Species denotes respiratory syncytial virus Tax:12814
264 18610-18637 Species denotes respiratory syncytial virus Tax:12814
265 18747-18757 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
266 18880-18899 Species denotes novel coronaviruses Tax:2697049
267 19037-19047 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
280 19217-19220 Gene denotes IgG
281 19225-19235 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
282 19860-19870 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
283 19871-19882 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
284 20004-20009 Species denotes human Tax:9606
285 20010-20023 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
286 20092-20100 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
287 19486-19502 Disease denotes acute infections MESH:D007239
288 19646-19655 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
289 19742-19762 Disease denotes SARS–CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
290 19983-19992 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
291 20130-20159 Disease denotes late complications of disease MESH:D002493
294 20334-20344 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
295 20308-20317 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
304 21110-21118 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
305 20868-20877 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
306 21201-21209 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
307 21488-21496 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
308 21565-21573 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
309 21624-21633 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
310 21695-21703 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
311 21725-21737 Disease denotes co-infection MESH:D060085
313 21800-21808 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
329 21957-21975 Gene denotes C-reactive protein Gene:1401
330 22258-22282 Gene denotes alanine aminotransferase Gene:2875
331 21866-21874 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
332 22497-22507 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
333 22579-22587 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
334 22288-22298 Chemical denotes creatinine MESH:D003404
335 22354-22363 Chemical denotes bilirubin MESH:D001663
336 22368-22378 Chemical denotes creatinine MESH:D003404
337 21880-21888 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
338 22082-22093 Disease denotes lymphopenia MESH:D008231
339 22314-22324 Disease denotes leukopenia MESH:D007970
340 22326-22338 Disease denotes leukocytosis MESH:D007964
341 22532-22553 Disease denotes end-organ dysfunction MESH:C564816
342 22593-22599 Disease denotes sepsis MESH:D018805
343 22730-22738 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
350 23769-23776 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
351 24403-24411 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
352 24563-24570 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
353 23781-23789 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
354 23891-23900 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
355 24554-24562 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
358 25639-25649 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
359 25458-25483 Chemical denotes phosphate-buffered saline
366 25870-25878 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
367 25958-25965 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
368 26062-26070 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
369 26656-26664 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
370 27282-27287 Species denotes human Tax:9606
371 27296-27311 Disease denotes trypanosomiasis MESH:D014352
374 28275-28286 Species denotes respiratory Tax:12814
375 27886-27894 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
379 28681-28691 Species denotes SARS–CoV-2 Tax:2697049
380 28349-28357 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
381 28749-28757 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 5096-5106 Body_part denotes Nucleotide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82740
T2 5231-5247 Body_part denotes Immunoglobulin G http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T3 5231-5245 Body_part denotes Immunoglobulin http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T4 5257-5273 Body_part denotes Immunoglobulin M http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873
T5 5257-5271 Body_part denotes Immunoglobulin http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T6 5571-5585 Body_part denotes Immunoglobulin http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T7 7889-7893 Body_part denotes face http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728
T8 13315-13318 Body_part denotes map http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67847
T9 13520-13528 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T10 13999-14016 Body_part denotes respiratory tract http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma265130
T11 14218-14227 Body_part denotes turbinate http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma57456
T12 14756-14762 Body_part denotes sputum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma312401
T13 14926-14949 Body_part denotes upper respiratory tract http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45661
T14 15075-15078 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T15 15305-15309 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T16 15349-15353 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T17 15368-15371 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T18 15500-15503 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T19 15514-15517 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T20 16781-16786 Body_part denotes Serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T21 16791-16796 Body_part denotes urine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma12274
T22 16976-16999 Body_part denotes upper respiratory tract http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45661
T23 17184-17207 Body_part denotes upper respiratory tract http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45661
T24 18017-18020 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T25 19026-19033 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T26 19203-19206 Body_part denotes IgA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62874
T27 19208-19211 Body_part denotes IgM http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873
T28 19217-19220 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T29 19269-19274 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T30 19278-19284 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T31 19624-19632 Body_part denotes Antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T32 19844-19852 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T33 19883-19891 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T34 20807-20812 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576
T35 20839-20844 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576
T36 21213-21218 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576
T37 21376-21381 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576
T38 21968-21975 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T39 22188-22199 Body_part denotes erythrocyte http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62845
T40 22258-22265 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T41 22536-22541 Body_part denotes organ http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67498
T42 22883-22887 Body_part denotes face http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728
T43 24974-24983 Body_part denotes turbinate http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma57456
T44 25113-25119 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T45 25156-25162 Body_part denotes throat http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma228738

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 416-421 Body_part denotes scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002542
T2 4328-4333 Body_part denotes scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002542
T3 7889-7893 Body_part denotes face http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456
T4 13999-14016 Body_part denotes respiratory tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065
T5 14756-14762 Body_part denotes sputum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007311
T6 14926-14949 Body_part denotes upper respiratory tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001557
T7 14932-14949 Body_part denotes respiratory tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065
T8 16781-16786 Body_part denotes Serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977
T9 16791-16796 Body_part denotes urine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001088
T10 16976-16999 Body_part denotes upper respiratory tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001557
T11 16982-16999 Body_part denotes respiratory tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065
T12 17184-17207 Body_part denotes upper respiratory tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001557
T13 17190-17207 Body_part denotes respiratory tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065
T14 18111-18116 Body_part denotes scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002542
T15 19269-19274 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T16 19278-19284 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836
T17 20807-20812 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443
T18 20839-20844 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443
T19 21213-21218 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443
T20 21376-21381 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443
T21 22536-22541 Body_part denotes organ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062
T22 22883-22887 Body_part denotes face http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456
T23 25113-25119 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836
T24 25156-25162 Body_part denotes throat http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000341
T25 27693-27698 Body_part denotes scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002542

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 23-56 Disease denotes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T2 121-125 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T3 195-228 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T4 252-256 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T5 264-273 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T6 319-327 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T7 762-770 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T8 1510-1514 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T9 1521-1530 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T10 1588-1592 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T11 1766-1774 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T12 1985-1993 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T13 2139-2143 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T14 2214-2222 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T15 2343-2347 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T16 2587-2596 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T17 2702-2735 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T18 2759-2763 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T19 2864-2872 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T20 2962-2970 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T21 3398-3414 Disease denotes viral infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T22 3558-3566 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T23 3608-3616 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T24 3897-3906 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T25 3951-3959 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T26 4376-4380 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T27 4403-4412 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T28 4610-4614 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T29 4759-4763 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T30 4900-4933 Disease denotes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T31 4968-4972 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T32 5453-5457 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T33 5459-5467 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T34 6287-6291 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T35 6577-6591 Disease denotes infectiousness http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T36 6781-6785 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T37 6874-6878 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T38 7512-7521 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T39 7526-7535 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T40 7659-7669 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T41 8549-8553 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T42 8740-8748 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T43 8945-8954 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T44 10086-10096 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T45 10356-10364 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T46 10994-10998 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T47 11082-11086 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T48 11103-11107 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T49 11116-11149 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T50 11279-11287 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T51 12194-12202 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T52 12332-12340 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T53 12796-12804 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T54 12995-13003 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T55 13055-13063 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T56 13095-13111 Disease denotes viral infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T57 13228-13232 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T58 13239-13248 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T59 13567-13577 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T60 13794-13803 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T61 13956-13964 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T62 14093-14097 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T63 14175-14179 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T64 15208-15212 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T65 15489-15493 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T66 15628-15632 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T67 16398-16402 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T68 16664-16673 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T69 16757-16761 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T70 16951-16959 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T71 17275-17279 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T72 17432-17448 Disease denotes viral infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T73 17766-17770 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T74 17873-17877 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T75 18000-18012 Disease denotes tuberculosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018076
T76 18370-18379 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T77 18596-18605 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T78 18747-18751 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T79 19037-19041 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T80 19225-19229 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T81 19492-19502 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T82 19646-19655 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T83 19742-19746 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T84 19753-19762 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T85 19860-19864 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T86 19983-19992 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T87 20308-20317 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T88 20334-20338 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T89 20868-20877 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T90 21201-21209 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T91 21488-21496 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T92 21565-21573 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T93 21624-21633 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T94 21695-21703 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T95 21728-21737 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T96 21800-21808 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T97 21880-21888 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T98 22082-22093 Disease denotes lymphopenia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0003783
T99 22314-22324 Disease denotes leukopenia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0003785
T100 22497-22501 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T101 22730-22738 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T102 23781-23789 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T103 23891-23900 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T104 25639-25643 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T105 27282-27311 Disease denotes human African trypanosomiasis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005459
T106 27296-27311 Disease denotes trypanosomiasis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000940
T107 27886-27894 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T108 28349-28357 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T109 28681-28685 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T110 28749-28757 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T111 29138-29141 Disease denotes Drs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024265
T112 29365-29377 Disease denotes in Infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T113 29472-29474 Disease denotes he http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017319
T114 29660-29662 Disease denotes BD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007191
T115 30479-30481 Disease denotes he http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017319
T116 30670-30673 Disease denotes MHS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007783
T117 30915-30917 Disease denotes he http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017319
T118 31027-31029 Disease denotes he http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017319
T119 31144-31154 Disease denotes Infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T120 31433-31443 Disease denotes Infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T121 31582-31592 Disease denotes Infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T122 31740-31750 Disease denotes Infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T123 32022-32032 Disease denotes Infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T124 32161-32171 Disease denotes Infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T125 32434-32444 Disease denotes Infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 11-18 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes Testing
T2 79-80 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T3 109-116 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes Testing
T4 153-160 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T5 356-357 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T6 395-402 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T7 406-407 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T8 422-425 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T9 431-432 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T10 535-542 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T11 553-556 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T12 569-576 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T13 693-694 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T14 1232-1236 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T15 1309-1316 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T16 1489-1496 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T17 1578-1583 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T18 1692-1699 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T19 2523-2530 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T20 2560-2561 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T21 2768-2773 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 2) (2
T22 2776-2777 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T23 2816-2821 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T24 2925-2931 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T25 2978-2981 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T26 3078-3090 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organization
T27 3245-3250 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T28 3252-3256 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 4, 5
T29 3568-3570 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T30 4026-4033 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T31 4226-4233 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T32 4243-4244 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T33 4288-4291 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T34 4537-4544 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T35 4600-4605 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T36 4807-4815 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000033 denotes Headings
T37 4807-4815 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000964 denotes Headings
T38 4973-4978 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes Virus
T39 5178-5185 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes Testing
T40 5474-5481 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000881 denotes digital
T41 5537-5541 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T42 5654-5659 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T43 5924-5925 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T44 6159-6172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes organizations
T45 6272-6279 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes Testing
T46 6599-6607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organism
T47 6599-6607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organism
T48 6674-6676 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T49 6885-6892 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T50 6893-6896 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T51 6929-6930 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T52 7129-7136 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T53 7217-7222 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T54 7231-7236 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T55 7334-7335 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T56 7648-7649 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T57 7728-7730 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T58 7824-7831 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T59 7877-7879 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T60 7889-7893 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes face
T61 7945-7955 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing is
T62 7982-7989 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T63 8028-8035 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T64 8140-8141 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T65 8408-8415 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes Testing
T66 8500-8505 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T67 8558-8564 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001196 denotes 2 (25)
T68 8693-8700 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T69 8827-8828 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T70 8829-8833 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T71 8862-8866 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes Test
T72 8932-8936 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T73 8977-8982 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T74 9032-9036 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T75 9082-9087 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T76 9145-9146 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T77 9182-9189 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T78 9242-9246 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T79 9384-9388 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T80 9468-9473 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T81 9502-9507 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T82 9590-9595 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T83 9617-9618 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T84 9789-9790 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T85 9791-9795 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T86 9921-9922 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T87 9933-9937 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T88 9975-9976 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T89 10049-10055 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T90 10144-10147 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T91 10158-10159 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T92 10222-10226 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T93 10309-10316 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T94 10366-10367 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T95 10368-10372 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T96 10583-10587 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T97 10606-10607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T98 10636-10640 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T99 10746-10753 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T100 10779-10785 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T101 10925-10930 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T102 11181-11185 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes Test
T103 11328-11335 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T104 11360-11367 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T105 11425-11430 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T106 11482-11489 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T107 11619-11624 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T108 11646-11653 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T109 11736-11737 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T110 11758-11760 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T111 11823-11826 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000990 denotes CDC
T112 11848-11855 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T113 11935-11936 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T114 11937-11941 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T115 11976-11983 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T116 12013-12015 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T117 12068-12069 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T118 12085-12088 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000990 denotes CDC
T119 12119-12126 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T120 12381-12382 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T121 12467-12468 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T122 12490-12498 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test, as
T123 12520-12523 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000990 denotes CDC
T124 12543-12550 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T125 12581-12585 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes Test
T126 12598-12603 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes Tests
T127 12816-12823 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T128 13112-13115 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T129 13187-13188 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T130 13719-13724 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T131 13734-13735 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T132 13867-13874 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes Testing
T133 13926-13929 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000990 denotes CDC
T134 13971-13975 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T135 14102-14108 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001196 denotes 2 (25)
T136 14110-14111 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T137 14186-14193 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T138 14321-14322 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T139 14591-14598 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T140 15009-15010 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T141 15026-15030 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T142 15169-15172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000990 denotes CDC
T143 15173-15176 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T144 15305-15309 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T145 15335-15340 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T146 15349-15353 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T147 15440-15452 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organization
T148 15553-15558 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes genes
T149 15732-15733 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T150 15803-15806 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000990 denotes CDC
T151 16069-16076 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T152 16078-16080 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T153 16213-16215 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302 denotes 34
T154 16231-16234 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T155 16281-16283 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000 denotes 35
T156 16776-16778 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T157 17020-17021 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T158 17075-17076 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T159 17085-17088 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T160 17093-17094 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T161 17104-17108 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T162 17410-17415 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T163 17780-17791 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes instruments
T164 17847-17854 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T165 17884-17888 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T166 17899-17902 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T167 18021-18028 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T168 18120-18127 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T169 18251-18258 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T170 18277-18278 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T171 18315-18320 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes Tests
T172 18321-18326 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes Tests
T173 18361-18366 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T174 18380-18385 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T175 18632-18637 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T176 18694-18696 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053794 denotes 41
T177 18763-18768 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T178 18864-18869 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T179 18974-18976 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 45
T180 19099-19100 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T181 19132-19136 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T182 19163-19168 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T183 19269-19274 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T184 19269-19274 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T185 19366-19371 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T186 19817-19822 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T187 19900-19901 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T188 20004-20009 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T189 20238-20240 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001382 denotes 48
T190 20633-20638 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes Tests
T191 20717-20722 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T192 20758-20763 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes Tests
T193 20807-20812 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 denotes chest
T194 20839-20844 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 denotes chest
T195 20965-20966 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T196 20978-20983 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 denotes focus
T197 21213-21218 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 denotes chest
T198 21247-21248 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T199 21376-21381 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 denotes chest
T200 21439-21443 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T201 21447-21448 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T202 21498-21500 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 denotes 52
T203 21723-21724 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T204 22188-22199 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000232 denotes erythrocyte
T205 22536-22541 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003103 denotes organ
T206 22715-22716 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T207 22821-22825 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes Test
T208 22868-22875 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes Testing
T209 22883-22887 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes face
T210 22891-22892 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T211 22950-22957 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T212 23224-23229 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T213 23511-23522 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes instruments
T214 23534-23537 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000990 denotes CDC
T215 23569-23571 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302 denotes 34
T216 23631-23635 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T217 23713-23717 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T218 23945-23952 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T219 24018-24029 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing, as
T220 24184-24191 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T221 24197-24200 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T222 24364-24371 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T223 24450-24457 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T224 24641-24648 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes Devices
T225 24848-24851 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T226 24946-24949 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000990 denotes CDC
T227 25089-25098 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001353 denotes posterior
T228 25242-25243 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T229 25250-25252 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001382 denotes 48
T230 25259-25262 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000990 denotes CDC
T231 25263-25266 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T232 25276-25277 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T233 25531-25534 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T234 25658-25660 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302 denotes 34
T235 25697-25704 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T236 26519-26524 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T237 26931-26936 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T238 27225-27232 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T239 27282-27287 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T240 27516-27523 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T241 27735-27740 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T242 27895-27902 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T243 28046-28053 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T244 28190-28197 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T245 28229-28230 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T246 28287-28294 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T247 28367-28370 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T248 28543-28544 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T249 28692-28699 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T250 28758-28761 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T251 28847-28854 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T252 29042-29044 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007874 denotes Ms
T253 29138-29141 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002819 denotes Drs
T254 29487-29488 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T255 30253-30257 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001010 denotes 1301
T256 30298-30300 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T257 30348-30351 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T258 30426-30427 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T259 30439-30441 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T260 30482-30485 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T261 30558-30560 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T262 30606-30609 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T263 30666-30668 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T264 30670-30673 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007721 denotes MHS
T265 30707-30710 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T266 30777-30779 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T267 30883-30885 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T268 30918-30921 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T269 30989-30991 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T270 31030-31033 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T271 32093-32094 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 3314-3322 Chemical denotes carriers http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78059
T2 5096-5106 Chemical denotes Nucleotide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36976
T3 5543-5550 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T4 10898-10910 Chemical denotes nucleic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T5 10906-10910 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T6 14060-14072 Chemical denotes nucleic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T7 14068-14072 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T8 14425-14433 Chemical denotes aluminum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28984
T9 14485-14492 Chemical denotes calcium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22984|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29320
T11 14493-14501 Chemical denotes alginate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58187
T12 14723-14735 Chemical denotes nucleic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T13 14731-14735 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T14 15254-15259 Chemical denotes probe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50406
T15 15318-15320 Chemical denotes N2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17997
T16 15460-15465 Chemical denotes probe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50406
T17 16844-16856 Chemical denotes nucleic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T18 16852-16856 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T19 17611-17613 Chemical denotes ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141439
T20 18386-18394 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T21 19026-19033 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T22 19114-19121 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T23 19883-19891 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T24 21968-21975 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T25 22019-22026 Chemical denotes lactate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24996
T26 22230-22239 Chemical denotes aspartate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_132943|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29995|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_72314
T29 22258-22265 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T30 22288-22298 Chemical denotes creatinine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16737
T31 22354-22363 Chemical denotes bilirubin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16990
T32 22368-22378 Chemical denotes creatinine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16737
T33 22609-22618 Chemical denotes biomarker http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59163
T34 22847-22853 Chemical denotes Access http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_34922
T35 23254-23262 Chemical denotes reagents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33893
T36 23461-23473 Chemical denotes nucleic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T37 23469-23473 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T38 25458-25467 Chemical denotes phosphate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18367|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26020|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35780|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43474
T42 26505-26512 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T43 27841-27852 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T44 29805-29807 Chemical denotes La http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33336
T45 30298-30300 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T46 30439-30441 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T47 30558-30560 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T48 30666-30668 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T49 30777-30779 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T50 30883-30885 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T51 30989-30991 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T52 31809-31812 Chemical denotes PBB http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134049
T53 31825-31827 Chemical denotes MA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_474859|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73610|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_90325
T56 31990-31992 Chemical denotes MA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_474859|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73610|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_90325
T59 32078-32081 Chemical denotes Ste http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26753

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 627-640 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 denotes transcriptase
T2 627-640 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003899 denotes transcriptase
T3 1103-1117 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T4 3398-3414 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infections
T5 5031-5044 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 denotes Transcriptase
T6 5031-5044 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003899 denotes Transcriptase
T7 5350-5368 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0099048 denotes CRISPR-Cas Systems
T8 6557-6571 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T9 10940-10957 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044405 denotes detection of host
T10 12658-12671 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 denotes transcriptase
T11 12658-12671 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003899 denotes transcriptase
T12 13095-13111 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infections
T13 13642-13656 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T14 14652-14661 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006810 denotes transport
T15 15341-15348 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004526 denotes RNase P
T16 15530-15534 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 denotes RdRP
T17 17432-17448 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infections
T18 19562-19576 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T19 20206-20220 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T20 24654-24663 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006810 denotes Transport
T21 24799-24814 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046794 denotes viral transport
T22 24805-24814 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006810 denotes transport
T23 25344-25359 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046794 denotes viral transport
T24 25350-25359 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006810 denotes transport
T25 25409-25424 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046794 denotes viral transport
T26 25415-25424 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006810 denotes transport
T27 25610-25619 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006810 denotes transport
T28 26041-26055 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-78 Sentence denotes Diagnostic Testing for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Related Coronavirus-2
T2 79-97 Sentence denotes A Narrative Review
T3 98-131 Sentence denotes Diagnostic Testing for SARS–CoV-2
T4 133-141 Sentence denotes Abstract
T5 142-352 Sentence denotes Diagnostic testing to identify persons infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus-2 (SARS–CoV-2) infection is central to control the global pandemic of COVID-19 that began in late 2019.
T6 353-482 Sentence denotes In a few countries, the use of diagnostic testing on a massive scale has been a cornerstone of successful containment strategies.
T7 483-608 Sentence denotes In contrast, the United States, hampered by limited testing capacity, has prioritized testing for specific groups of persons.
T8 609-783 Sentence denotes Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction–based assays performed in a laboratory on respiratory specimens are the reference standard for COVID-19 diagnostics.
T9 784-868 Sentence denotes However, point-of-care technologies and serologic immunoassays are rapidly emerging.
T10 869-1176 Sentence denotes Although excellent tools exist for the diagnosis of symptomatic patients in well-equipped laboratories, important gaps remain in screening asymptomatic persons in the incubation phase, as well as in the accurate determination of live viral shedding during convalescence to inform decisions to end isolation.
T11 1177-1326 Sentence denotes Many affluent countries have encountered challenges in test delivery and specimen collection that have inhibited rapid increases in testing capacity.
T12 1327-1389 Sentence denotes These challenges may be even greater in low-resource settings.
T13 1390-1531 Sentence denotes Urgent clinical and public health needs currently drive an unprecedented global effort to increase testing capacity for SARS–CoV-2 infection.
T14 1532-1679 Sentence denotes Here, the authors review the current array of tests for SARS–CoV-2, highlight gaps in current diagnostic capacity, and propose potential solutions.
T15 1681-1784 Sentence denotes Diagnostic testing to identify infected persons is central to efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic.
T16 1785-1960 Sentence denotes This review synthesizes current knowledge of diagnostic options available to clinicians, highlights key gaps in current diagnostic capacity, and discusses potential solutions.
T17 1962-1980 Sentence denotes Key Summary Points
T18 1981-2090 Sentence denotes The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates the essential role of diagnostics in the control of communicable diseases.
T19 2091-2313 Sentence denotes Laboratory-based molecular assays for detecting SARS–CoV-2 in respiratory specimens are the current reference standard for COVID-19 diagnosis, but point-of-care technologies and serologic immunoassays are rapidly emerging.
T20 2314-2429 Sentence denotes Early, massive deployment of SARS–CoV-2 diagnostics for case finding helped curb the epidemic in several countries.
T21 2430-2540 Sentence denotes Urgent clinical and public health needs now drive an unprecedented global effort to increase testing capacity.
T22 2542-2647 Sentence denotes In December 2019, a cluster of patients with pneumonia of unknown cause was reported in Wuhan, China (1).
T23 2648-2810 Sentence denotes The causative pathogen was subsequently identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus-2 (SARS–CoV-2) (2), a newly described betacoronavirus.
T24 2811-2936 Sentence denotes This virus, now recognized as the etiologic agent of COVID-19 disease, is the seventh known coronavirus to infect humans (1).
T25 2937-3040 Sentence denotes Since the recognition of COVID-19, there has been an exponential rise in the number of cases worldwide.
T26 3041-3178 Sentence denotes As of 1 April 2020, the World Health Organization reported more than 926 000 cases in more than 195 countries, areas, or territories (3).
T27 3179-3467 Sentence denotes Reasons for the rapid spread include high transmissibility of the virus (4, 5), especially among asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic carriers (6, 7); the apparent absence of any cross-protective immunity from related viral infections; and delayed public health response measures (8–10).
T28 3468-3576 Sentence denotes Age and the presence of comorbid illnesses increase the risk for death among persons with COVID-19 (11, 12).
T29 3577-3748 Sentence denotes The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in children are less severe compared with adults, yet age younger than 1 year seems to increase the risk for critical illness (13).
T30 3749-3920 Sentence denotes Current case-fatality rate estimates range from 0.6% to 7.2% by region and seem to be substantially higher than the 0.1% mortality rate of seasonal influenza (12, 14, 15).
T31 3921-4126 Sentence denotes However, current estimates of COVID-19 case-fatality rates are probably inflated because of preferential testing in many countries of persons with severe manifestations, who are at risk for death (12, 16).
T32 4127-4284 Sentence denotes In Germany and South Korea, the case-fatality rates are less than 0.5%, probably because extensive testing revealed a large denominator of mild illness (17).
T33 4285-4452 Sentence denotes It has been estimated that before the wide-scale travel restrictions in China, undiagnosed SARS–CoV-2 represented the infection source for 79% of documented cases (7).
T34 4453-4562 Sentence denotes These observations underscore the critical importance of ample, accurate diagnostic testing in this pandemic.
T35 4563-4701 Sentence denotes Here, we review the current array of tests for SARS–CoV-2, highlight gaps in current diagnostic capacity, and propose potential solutions.
T36 4703-4710 Sentence denotes Methods
T37 4711-4786 Sentence denotes We searched the PubMed database for articles on SARS–CoV-2 and diagnostics.
T38 4787-5413 Sentence denotes The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) search terms used were “Coronavirus”[MeSH]; “Coronavirus Infections”[MeSH]; “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome”[MeSH]; “Betacoronavirus”[MeSH]; “SARS Virus”[MeSH]; “Polymerase Chain Reaction”[MeSH]; “Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction”[MeSH]; “High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing”[MeSH]; “Sensitivity and Specificity”[MeSH]; “Point-of-Care Testing”[MeSH]; “Antigens”[MeSH]; “Serology”[MeSH]; “Immunoglobulin G”[MeSH]; “Immunoglobulin M”[MeSH]; “Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats”[MeSH]; “CRISPR-Cas Systems”[MESH]; and “Diagnosis, Differential”[MESH].
T39 5414-5629 Sentence denotes Non-MeSH search terms used were covid, SARS, SARS-CoV, pcr, digital droplet PCR, next generation sequencing, point-of-care test, antigen, analyte, serology, Immunoglobulin, CRISPR-CAS, Diagnos, and turn around time.
T40 5630-5728 Sentence denotes Only articles including human subjects and those published from 2003 to the present were included.
T41 5729-5794 Sentence denotes Articles in languages other than English or French were excluded.
T42 5795-5866 Sentence denotes We screened the results on title and abstract for relevant information.
T43 5867-6051 Sentence denotes Starting from the articles found in this search, we used a snowball search strategy, scanning useful references and similar articles and retrieving those that were considered relevant.
T44 6052-6114 Sentence denotes Furthermore, experts were consulted for additional literature.
T45 6115-6201 Sentence denotes Guidelines and resources from international organizations were used where appropriate.
T46 6202-6247 Sentence denotes This search was last updated on 1 April 2020.
T47 6249-6306 Sentence denotes The Role of Diagnostic Testing in the SARS–CoV-2 Pandemic
T48 6307-6496 Sentence denotes The primary goal of epidemic containment is to reduce disease transmission by reducing the number of susceptible persons in the population or by reducing the basic reproductive number (R0).
T49 6497-6678 Sentence denotes This number is modulated by such factors as the duration of viral shedding, the infectiousness of the organism, and the contact matrix between infected and susceptible persons (18).
T50 6679-6859 Sentence denotes Given the lack of effective vaccines or treatments (19), the only currently available lever to reduce SARS–CoV-2 transmission is to identify and isolate persons who are contagious.
T51 6860-6928 Sentence denotes Deployment of SARS–CoV-2 testing has varied widely across the globe.
T52 6929-7050 Sentence denotes A few Asian countries have illustrated the power of preparedness, flexible isolation systems, and intensive case finding.
T53 7051-7149 Sentence denotes South Korea dramatically slowed the epidemic by implementing an unprecedented testing effort (20).
T54 7150-7318 Sentence denotes Using innovative measures, South Korea performed more than 300 000 tests (5828.6 tests per million persons) in the 9 weeks after the first case was identified (20, 21).
T55 7319-7406 Sentence denotes Singapore used a broad case definition, aggressive contact tracing, and isolation (10).
T56 7407-7681 Sentence denotes Moreover, to identify infected persons not meeting the case definition, Singapore screened patients with pneumonia and influenza-like illnesses in hospitals and primary care settings, severely ill patients in intensive care, and deaths with a possible infectious cause (10).
T57 7682-7732 Sentence denotes Taiwan and Hong Kong used similar approaches (22).
T58 7733-7881 Sentence denotes These countries rapidly deployed resource-intensive strategies that prioritized aggressive testing and isolation to interrupt transmission (20, 22).
T59 7882-8064 Sentence denotes In the face of widespread transmission, the role of diagnostic testing is contingent on the type of testing available, the resources required for testing, and time to obtain results.
T60 8065-8288 Sentence denotes For example, rapidly identifying cases among hospitalized patients remains a high priority to properly allocate personal protective equipment and to prevent nosocomial spread with subsequent community transmission (23, 24).
T61 8289-8395 Sentence denotes Likewise, specific treatment decisions and enrollment in ongoing clinical trials require prompt diagnosis.
T62 8397-8416 Sentence denotes Diagnostic Testing:
T63 8417-8439 Sentence denotes Defining Key Use Cases
T64 8440-8634 Sentence denotes Despite the remarkable speed with which accurate diagnostic tests have been developed and made available for SARS–CoV-2 (25), current tools only partially meet several clinically relevant needs.
T65 8635-8749 Sentence denotes Figure 1 illustrates different indications for diagnostic testing among persons with proven or suspected COVID-19.
T66 8750-8861 Sentence denotes For each of these, the most important consideration is the clinical decision a test result will help to inform.
T67 8862-9329 Sentence denotes Test designs must account for several parameters, such as whether the test detects infection directly (such as the virus itself) or indirectly (such as host antibodies), test turnaround time, the ability to perform many tests at the same time (that is, throughput), the need to have a minimum number of specimens before testing (that is, batching), and the ability to perform the test in low-infrastructure settings (such as on cruise ships or in remote communities).
T68 9330-9400 Sentence denotes The potential for use at the point of care depends on test complexity.
T69 9401-9409 Sentence denotes The U.S.
T70 9410-9494 Sentence denotes Food and Drug Administration (FDA) categorizes diagnostic tests by their complexity:
T71 9495-9630 Sentence denotes Waived tests are available for use at the point of care, whereas moderate- and high-complexity tests must be performed in a laboratory.
T72 9631-9707 Sentence denotes The intended use also determines which specimen types are ideal or feasible.
T73 9708-9827 Sentence denotes Finally, it is important to recognize that the acceptable diagnostic accuracy of a test may vary according to use case.
T74 9828-10097 Sentence denotes For example, sensitivity and specificity requirements of an assay used to confirm results of a screening test need not be as stringent as those of a method used for standalone diagnosis, because the pool of persons being tested is already enriched with true infections.
T75 10098-10260 Sentence denotes The Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics has published a detailed assessment of priority use cases to be considered by test developers and policymakers (26).
T76 10261-10270 Sentence denotes Figure 1.
T77 10272-10365 Sentence denotes Examples of use cases for diagnostic testing among persons with proven or suspected COVID-19.
T78 10366-10578 Sentence denotes A test well suited for one use case (such as epidemiologic surveillance) may be completely inadequate for another (such as rapid screening of symptomatic patients for allocation of personal protective equipment).
T79 10579-10814 Sentence denotes For test results to enable a specific clinical decision, test developers, policymakers, and clinicians need to consider each of these with respect to the intention of testing and the population being tested as specifically as possible.
T80 10815-11102 Sentence denotes For the moment, most use cases placed above the green and gray bar are best met by nucleic acid amplification tests, whereas detection of host-derived antibodies directed against SARS–CoV-2 will be crucial for surveillance, epidemic forecasting, and determination of SARS–CoV-2 immunity.
T81 11103-11172 Sentence denotes SARS–CoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus-2.
T82 11174-11186 Sentence denotes Who to Test:
T83 11187-11242 Sentence denotes Current Diagnostic Recommendations in the United States
T84 11243-11448 Sentence denotes In response to the rapidly evolving COVID-19 pandemic, countries have used different testing approaches depending on testing capacity, public health resources, and the spread of the virus in the community.
T85 11449-11625 Sentence denotes In the United States, diagnostic testing indications and capacity were limited at the beginning of the outbreak, largely because of regulatory hurdles for the use of new tests.
T86 11626-11762 Sentence denotes To expand access to testing, the FDA released policies to allow laboratories to use their validated assays in a more timely manner (27).
T87 11763-11967 Sentence denotes On 4 March, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) removed restrictive testing criteria, recommending that clinicians use their judgment to determine whether a test should be performed (28).
T88 11968-12080 Sentence denotes Because testing capacity remains suboptimal (27), the implementation of this recommendation remains a challenge.
T89 12081-12426 Sentence denotes The CDC still recommends priority for testing 3 groups: hospitalized patients with presentations compatible with COVID-19, other symptomatic persons at risk for poor outcomes, and persons who had close contact with someone with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 within 14 days of illness onset or have a history of travel in an affected area (28).
T90 12427-12515 Sentence denotes These patients should be evaluated with a molecular diagnostic test, as described later.
T91 12516-12572 Sentence denotes The CDC does not recommend testing asymptomatic persons.
T92 12574-12586 Sentence denotes How to Test:
T93 12587-12630 Sentence denotes Diagnostic Tests in Use or Under Evaluation
T94 12631-12914 Sentence denotes Although real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)–based assays performed in the laboratory on respiratory specimens are the cornerstone of COVID-19 diagnostic testing, several novel or complementary diagnostic methods are being developed and evaluated (16).
T95 12915-13024 Sentence denotes Figure 2 depicts the adequacy of the principal assay types used or proposed for COVID-19 for 4 key use cases.
T96 13025-13183 Sentence denotes Among patients diagnosed with COVID-19, the occurrence of concomitant viral infections has been reported to range from below 6% (29) to greater than 60% (30).
T97 13184-13298 Sentence denotes As a result, it is not possible to rule out SARS–CoV-2 infection merely by detecting another respiratory pathogen.
T98 13299-13308 Sentence denotes Figure 2.
T99 13310-13392 Sentence denotes Heat map showing the adequacy of principal assay types (rows) for 4 key use cases.
T100 13393-13502 Sentence denotes * This assumes that assays in development or currently undergoing regulatory evaluation prove to be accurate.
T101 13503-13698 Sentence denotes † The utility of antibody detection assays for diagnosing acute infections is probably very limited around the time of symptom onset, when viral shedding and transmission risk seem to be highest.
T102 13699-13838 Sentence denotes Thus, although such tests may have a role among persons presenting late in the course of their infection, the potential for misuse is high.
T103 13840-13874 Sentence denotes Laboratory-Based Molecular Testing
T104 13875-14109 Sentence denotes The current diagnostic strategy recommended by the CDC to identify patients with COVID-19 is to test samples taken from the respiratory tract to assess for the presence of 1 or several nucleic acid targets specific to SARS–CoV-2 (25).
T105 14110-14284 Sentence denotes A nasopharyngeal specimen is the preferred choice for swab-based SARS–CoV-2 testing, but oropharyngeal, mid-turbinate, or anterior nares samples also are acceptable (31, 32).
T106 14285-14410 Sentence denotes Samples should be obtained by using a flocked swab, if available, to enhance the collection and release of cellular material.
T107 14411-14465 Sentence denotes Swabs with an aluminum or plastic shaft are preferred.
T108 14466-14599 Sentence denotes Swabs that contain calcium alginate, wood, or cotton should be avoided, because they may contain substances that inhibit PCR testing.
T109 14600-14736 Sentence denotes Ideally, swabs should be transferred into universal transport medium immediately after sample collection to preserve viral nucleic acid.
T110 14737-14965 Sentence denotes Samples taken from sputum, endotracheal aspirates, and bronchoalveolar lavage also may be sent directly to the microbiology laboratory for processing, and may have greater sensitivity than upper respiratory tract specimens (33).
T111 14966-15031 Sentence denotes Inadequate sample collection may result in a false-negative test.
T112 15032-15142 Sentence denotes After specimen collection, samples undergo RNA extraction followed by qualitative RT-PCR for target detection.
T113 15143-15225 Sentence denotes In the United States, the CDC has developed the most widely used SARS–CoV-2 assay.
T114 15226-15398 Sentence denotes The kit contains PCR primer–probe sets for 2 regions of the viral nucleocapsid gene (N1 and N2), and for the human RNase P gene to ensure the RNA extraction was successful.
T115 15399-15564 Sentence denotes This assay differs from the World Health Organization primer–probe sets, which target the SARS–CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) and envelope (E) genes (25).
T116 15565-15798 Sentence denotes Both assays have high analytic sensitivity and specificity for SARS–CoV-2, with minimal cross-reactivity with other circulating strains of coronaviruses, and both use a cycle threshold of less than 40 as the criterion for positivity.
T117 15799-16082 Sentence denotes The CDC kit may be used by state public health laboratories, other laboratories determined by the state to be qualified, and clinical laboratories that meet the regulatory requirements of the Clinical Laboratories Improvement Amendment (CLIA) to perform high-complexity testing (27).
T118 16083-16217 Sentence denotes Dozens of laboratories have applied for Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) from the FDA for their own laboratory-developed assays (34).
T119 16218-16372 Sentence denotes The FDA also has granted an EUA for several commercial assays (35), further expanding the ability of clinical laboratories to use these platforms (Table).
T120 16373-16379 Sentence denotes Table.
T121 16380-16780 Sentence denotes The 28 Commercial SARS–CoV-2 in Vitro Diagnostic Assays Given an EUA From the FDA as of 4 April 2020 The lack of an established reference standard, use of differing sample collection and preparation methods, and an incomplete understanding of viral dynamics across the time course of infection hamper rigorous assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of the many newly introduced SARS–CoV-2 assays (36).
T122 16781-16894 Sentence denotes Serum and urine are usually negative for the presence of viral nucleic acid, regardless of illness severity (33).
T123 16895-17056 Sentence denotes Of importance, the ability of RT-PCR assays to rule out COVID-19 on the basis of upper respiratory tract samples obtained at a single time point remains unclear.
T124 17057-17305 Sentence denotes Conversely, after a patient has had a positive test result, several authorities have recommended obtaining at least 2 negative upper respiratory tract samples, collected at intervals of 24 hours or longer, to document SARS–CoV-2 clearance (37, 38).
T125 17307-17342 Sentence denotes Point-of-Care Molecular Diagnostics
T126 17343-17734 Sentence denotes Low-complexity, rapid (results within 1 hour) molecular diagnostic tests for respiratory viral infections that are CLIA waived (FDA approved for use outside the laboratory by nonlaboratory personnel) include cartridge-based assays on platforms that include the Abbott ID NOW (Abbott Laboratories), BioFire FilmArray (bioMérieux), cobas Liat (Roche Diagnostics), and GeneXpert (Cepheid) (39).
T127 17735-17855 Sentence denotes Rapid point-of-care assays for SARS–CoV-2 on instruments such as these will be critical to expand point-of-care testing.
T128 17856-18077 Sentence denotes The Xpert Xpress SARS–CoV-2 test (Cepheid) has received an FDA EUA and is performed on the GeneXpert platform, which is already widely used for tuberculosis and HIV testing, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
T129 18078-18295 Sentence denotes This capacity might be useful to scale up testing across the world as well as in settings where rapid results at the point of care would enable clinical decisions, although testing throughput may be a limiting factor.
T130 18297-18320 Sentence denotes Antigen Detection Tests
T131 18321-18577 Sentence denotes Tests that detect respiratory syncytial virus or influenza virus antigens by immunoassay directly from clinical specimens have been commercially available for decades, are of low complexity, and may provide results within minutes at the point of care (40).
T132 18578-18844 Sentence denotes Current tools for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus suffer from suboptimal sensitivity to rule out disease (41, 42); the same challenge would probably exist for SARS–CoV-2, and tests would need to be implemented with clear guidance on correct interpretation.
T133 18845-18978 Sentence denotes Prototypes of such tests for other novel coronaviruses have not received regulatory approval (43, 44) but are under development (45).
T134 18979-19142 Sentence denotes Monoclonal antibodies against the nucleocapsid protein of SARS–CoV-2 have been generated, which might form the basis of a future rapid antigen detection test (20).
T135 19144-19152 Sentence denotes Serology
T136 19153-19447 Sentence denotes Serologic tests that identify antibodies (such as IgA, IgM, and IgG) to SARS–CoV-2 from clinical specimens (such as blood or saliva), such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, may be less complex than molecular tests and have the potential to be used for diagnosis in certain situations (46).
T137 19448-19623 Sentence denotes However, their utility for diagnosing acute infections is probably limited around the time of symptom onset, when viral shedding and transmission risk seem to be highest (32).
T138 19624-19706 Sentence denotes Antibody responses to infection take days to weeks to be reliably detectable (46).
T139 19707-19823 Sentence denotes Negative results would not exclude SARS–CoV-2 infection, particularly among those with recent exposure to the virus.
T140 19824-20029 Sentence denotes Cross-reactivity of antibody to non–SARS–CoV-2 coronavirus proteins is also a potential problem, whereby positive results may be the result of past or present infection with other human coronaviruses (47).
T141 20030-20242 Sentence denotes Serologic assays might be more relevant in scenarios in which patients present to medical care with late complications of disease, when RT-PCR may be falsely negative, because viral shedding drops over time (48).
T142 20243-20488 Sentence denotes The development of serologic assays that accurately assess prior infection and immunity to SARS–CoV-2 will be essential for epidemiologic studies, ongoing surveillance, vaccine studies, and potentially for risk assessment of health care workers.
T143 20489-20610 Sentence denotes Immunoassays are already on the market in some countries, but their diagnostic accuracy and optimal use remain undefined.
T144 20612-20638 Sentence denotes Ancillary Diagnostic Tests
T145 20639-20743 Sentence denotes The optimal use of diagnostic imaging, biomarkers, and other nonmicrobiologic tests is rapidly evolving.
T146 20745-20763 Sentence denotes Radiographic Tests
T147 20764-20835 Sentence denotes Many centers have evaluated the utility of chest imaging for diagnosis.
T148 20836-20993 Sentence denotes On chest radiography, bilateral pneumonia is the most frequently reported feature (range, 11.8% to 100%) and is more common than a unilateral focus (49, 50).
T149 20994-21162 Sentence denotes Computed tomography is regarded as more sensitive than radiography, with several cohort studies reporting that most patients (77.8% to 100%) had ground glass opacities.
T150 21163-21329 Sentence denotes Other features commonly reported with COVID-19 on chest computed tomography include a peripheral distribution, fine reticular opacities, and vascular thickening (51).
T151 21330-21506 Sentence denotes Compared with serial nasopharyngeal sampling, chest computed tomography may be more sensitive than an RT-PCR test at a single time point for the diagnosis of COVID-19 (52, 53).
T152 21507-21639 Sentence denotes In addition, artificial intelligence may help distinguish COVID-19 from other etiologic agents of community-acquired pneumonia (54).
T153 21640-21771 Sentence denotes However, these findings are not completely specific to COVID-19 and do not exclude a co-infection or an alternative diagnosis (55).
T154 21773-21817 Sentence denotes Biomarkers Associated With COVID-19 Patients
T155 21818-22128 Sentence denotes The most common laboratory features reported in patients with COVID-19 include decreased albumin (75.8% [95% CI, 30.5% to 100%]), elevated C-reactive protein (58.3% [CI, 21.8% to 94.7%]), and elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels (57.0% [CI, 38.0% to 76.0%]), and lymphopenia (43.1% [CI, 18.9% to 67.3%]) (56).
T156 22129-22394 Sentence denotes Other biomarkers that have been reported include increased erythrocyte sedimentation rates; elevated aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and creatinine kinase levels; leukopenia; leukocytosis; and increased bilirubin and creatinine levels (57–59).
T157 22395-22605 Sentence denotes Such findings are not surprising, because these biomarkers represent an inflammatory host response to SARS–CoV-2 or are early markers of end-organ dysfunction, similar to that seen in patients with sepsis (60).
T158 22606-22788 Sentence denotes No biomarker or combination of biomarkers currently exists that is sensitive or specific enough to establish a diagnosis of COVID-19, or to pragmatically predict its clinical course.
T159 22790-22834 Sentence denotes Unmet Needs and the Diagnostic Test Pipeline
T160 22836-22875 Sentence denotes Scaling Up Access to Diagnostic Testing
T161 22876-23040 Sentence denotes In the face of a public health emergency, important first steps to expand testing capacity include relaxing and streamlining regulatory requirements and procedures.
T162 23041-23268 Sentence denotes Local public health laboratories and academic diagnostic laboratories in the United States are being rapidly enabled to perform EUA-granted commercial assays and laboratory-developed tests using research use–only reagents (61).
T163 23269-23438 Sentence denotes University research laboratories could also add capacity, although concerns exist regarding quality control and the absence of protocols for managing clinical specimens.
T164 23439-23573 Sentence denotes Flexibility regarding nucleic acid extraction methods and amplification instruments when using CDC protocols is being introduced (34).
T165 23574-23732 Sentence denotes National agencies are expeditiously making materials for test development and validation available to clinical laboratories and diagnostic test manufacturers.
T166 23733-23901 Sentence denotes Safely evaluating clinically stable persons for COVID-19 at traditional health care access points is resource intensive and slow, and risks exposing staff to infection.
T167 23902-24132 Sentence denotes Many jurisdictions are enabling innovative testing venues, such as external tents or drive-through or “phone booth” testing, as well as home assessment teams to expedite specimen collection while limiting potential exposures (62).
T168 24133-24220 Sentence denotes Telemedicine combined with at-home nasal swab self-testing also has been proposed (63).
T169 24221-24412 Sentence denotes Of importance, in jurisdictions without universal health care coverage, policy solutions must be introduced to eliminate financial barriers to testing for uninsured and underinsured patients.
T170 24413-24590 Sentence denotes Efforts to increase accessibility of testing for multiple use cases need to be coupled to appropriate public health interventions to isolate infected persons and their contacts.
T171 24592-24669 Sentence denotes Alternatives to Usual Specimen Types, Collection Devices, and Transport Media
T172 24670-24743 Sentence denotes Nasopharyngeal swabs are the recommended specimen for molecular analysis.
T173 24744-24921 Sentence denotes The sudden demand for flocked nasopharyngeal swabs and viral transport medium generated by the pandemic has put enormous pressures on supply chain capacities for these products.
T174 24922-25074 Sentence denotes As of 19 March 2020 the CDC made oropharyngeal, mid-turbinate, and nasal swabs acceptable specimen types if nasopharyngeal swabs are not available (31).
T175 25075-25254 Sentence denotes Early-morning posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples (coughed up by clearing the throat) also have been assessed as useful specimen types and would not require use of a swab (48).
T176 25255-25522 Sentence denotes The CDC has released a standard operating procedure for laboratories to create their own viral transport medium (64); other solutions also may be used if viral transport medium is unavailable, including phosphate-buffered saline, liquid Amies, and normal saline (65).
T177 25523-25662 Sentence denotes The FDA has provided guidance on its Web site for alternative materials to collect and transport samples for RT-PCR SARS–CoV-2 assays (34).
T178 25663-25754 Sentence denotes The diagnostic value of molecular testing of nonrespiratory specimens currently is unclear.
T179 25756-25805 Sentence denotes Diagnostics Pipeline in the Short and Medium Term
T180 25806-26142 Sentence denotes Although excellent tools exist for the diagnosis of symptomatic patients in well-equipped laboratories, important gaps remain in screening asymptomatic persons in the incubation phase, as well as for the accurate determination of live viral shedding among patients in the convalescence phase to inform de-isolation decisions (Figure 2).
T181 26143-26263 Sentence denotes Further, it is critical to advance solutions that require less well-equipped laboratories to curb the pandemic globally.
T182 26264-26497 Sentence denotes The Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND) and others have created online resources to collate the rapidly evolving set of assays at various stages of development, from proof of concept to full regulatory approval (20, 53).
T183 26498-26707 Sentence denotes Simple antigen-based tests, if sensitive enough, might be useful in lower-resource and home settings to inform quarantine and spatial distancing measures for patients without severe illness and their contacts.
T184 26708-27037 Sentence denotes Novel technologies, such as Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-based diagnostics are being used to develop rapid, simple, low-cost, portable, temperature-stable assays for deployment in the field in nontraditional and resource-limited settings, such as airports and border crossings (20, 51, 54).
T185 27038-27130 Sentence denotes Other technologies might be deployed to lower-resource settings if they can be standardized.
T186 27131-27330 Sentence denotes For example, it might be possible to leverage existing loop-mediated isothermal amplification testing networks established for other diseases, such as human African trypanosomiasis surveillance (66).
T187 27332-27352 Sentence denotes Other Considerations
T188 27353-27524 Sentence denotes Critical considerations for diagnostics used for epidemic diseases of public health importance include the quality assurance and regulatory frameworks surrounding testing.
T189 27525-27741 Sentence denotes Mature regulatory agencies have developed mechanisms to account for emergencies, such as the FDA's EUA stream, but pragmatic solutions must be found to facilitate wide-scale, independent evaluation of emerging tests.
T190 27742-27903 Sentence denotes Initially, the need for elaborate biosafety precautions and inconsistent recommendations for their application across regions severely hampered COVID-19 testing.
T191 27904-28332 Sentence denotes Although these continue to evolve, current recommendations in Canada and the United States acknowledge that nonpropagative work for molecular testing may be performed in containment level 2 conditions found in routine diagnostic laboratories and provide specific guidance on diagnostic testing of specimens conducted outside a biosafety level 2 laboratory, such as rapid respiratory testing performed at the point of care (67) .
T192 28334-28344 Sentence denotes Conclusion
T193 28345-28470 Sentence denotes The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically highlighted the essential role of diagnostics in the control of communicable diseases.
T194 28471-28587 Sentence denotes Intensive diagnostics deployment probably contributed to the success of a few countries in controlling transmission.
T195 28588-28709 Sentence denotes Urgent clinical and public health needs now drive an unprecedented global effort to increase SARS–CoV-2 testing capacity.
T196 28710-28855 Sentence denotes Finally, the blinding speed with which COVID-19 has spread illustrates the need for preparedness and long-term investments in diagnostic testing.
T197 28857-28915 Sentence denotes This article was published at Annals.org on 13 April 2020.
T198 28916-28931 Sentence denotes Acknowledgment:
T199 28932-29122 Sentence denotes The authors thank Professor Ellen Jo Baron for insightful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript and Ms. Chelsea Caya for assistance with literature searches and assembling figures.
T200 29123-29137 Sentence denotes Grant Support:
T201 29138-29239 Sentence denotes Drs. Papenburg, Quach, and Yansouni have received career awards from the Québec Health Research Fund.
T202 29240-29252 Sentence denotes Disclosures:
T203 29253-29607 Sentence denotes Dr. Cheng reports grants from the Canadian Institute of Health Research and McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity during the conduct of the study; after the manuscript was written and submitted, he was offered a position on the scientific advisory board of GEn1E Lifesciences, but this position is unrelated to the submitted work.
T204 29608-29841 Sentence denotes Dr. Papenburg reports grants and personal fees from BD Diagnostics, Seegene, and AbbVie; personal fees from Cepheid; and grants from MedImmune, Sanofi Pasteur, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, and Hoffman–La Roche outside the submitted work.
T205 29842-29920 Sentence denotes Dr. Kanjilal reports grants from PhAST Diagnostics outside the submitted work.
T206 29921-29999 Sentence denotes Dr. Libman reports grants from GeoSentinel Network outside the submitted work.
T207 30000-30085 Sentence denotes Dr. Yansouni reports nonfinancial support from bioMérieux outside the submitted work.
T208 30086-30149 Sentence denotes Authors not named here have disclosed no conflicts of interest.
T209 30150-30258 Sentence denotes Disclosures can also be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M20-1301.
T210 30259-30280 Sentence denotes Editors' Disclosures:
T211 30281-30418 Sentence denotes Christine Laine, MD, MPH, Editor in Chief, reports that her spouse has stock options/holdings with Targeted Diagnostics and Therapeutics.
T212 30419-30428 Sentence denotes Darren B.
T213 30429-30538 Sentence denotes Taichman, MD, PhD, Executive Editor, reports that he has no financial relationships or interests to disclose.
T214 30539-30549 Sentence denotes Cynthia D.
T215 30550-30652 Sentence denotes Mulrow, MD, MSc, Senior Deputy Editor, reports that she has no relationships or interests to disclose.
T216 30653-30660 Sentence denotes Jaya K.
T217 30661-30758 Sentence denotes Rao, MD, MHS, Deputy Editor, reports that she has stock holdings/options in Eli Lilly and Pfizer.
T218 30759-30771 Sentence denotes Christina C.
T219 30772-30862 Sentence denotes Wee, MD, MPH, Deputy Editor, reports employment with Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.
T220 30863-30872 Sentence denotes Sankey V.
T221 30873-30974 Sentence denotes Williams, MD, Deputy Editor, reports that he has no financial relationships or interests to disclose.
T222 30975-31085 Sentence denotes Yu-Xiao Yang, MD, MSCE, Deputy Editor, reports that he has no financial relationships or interest to disclose.
T223 31086-31107 Sentence denotes Corresponding Author:
T224 31108-31118 Sentence denotes Matthew P.
T225 31119-31298 Sentence denotes Cheng, MDCM, Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, E05.1709, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1; e-mail, matthew.cheng@mcgill.ca.
T226 31299-31377 Sentence denotes Current author addresses and author contributions are available at Annals.org.
T227 31378-31403 Sentence denotes Current Author Addresses:
T228 31404-31554 Sentence denotes Dr. Cheng, MDCM, Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, E05.1709, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1.
T229 31555-31569 Sentence denotes Dr. Papenburg:
T230 31570-31700 Sentence denotes Division of Infectious Diseases, Montreal Children's Hospital, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, E05.1905, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1.
T231 31701-31716 Sentence denotes Dr. Desjardins:
T232 31717-31834 Sentence denotes Division of Transplant Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, PBB-A4, Boston, MA 02115.
T233 31835-31848 Sentence denotes Dr. Kanjilal:
T234 31849-31999 Sentence denotes Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401, East Boston, MA 02115.
T235 32000-32010 Sentence denotes Dr. Quach:
T236 32011-32072 Sentence denotes Divison of Infectious Diseases, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175, ch.
T237 32073-32136 Sentence denotes Côte Ste-Catherine, B.17.102, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5.
T238 32137-32148 Sentence denotes Dr. Libman:
T239 32149-32282 Sentence denotes Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, E05.1830, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1.
T240 32283-32296 Sentence denotes Dr. Dittrich:
T241 32297-32407 Sentence denotes Foundation of Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Campus Biotech, Chemin des Mines 91 202, Geneva, Switzerland.
T242 32408-32421 Sentence denotes Dr. Yansouni:
T243 32422-32555 Sentence denotes Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, EM3.3242, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4A 3J1.
T244 32556-32577 Sentence denotes Author Contributions:
T245 32578-32605 Sentence denotes Conception and design: M.P.
T246 32606-32615 Sentence denotes Cheng, J.
T247 32616-32629 Sentence denotes Papenburg, M.
T248 32630-32644 Sentence denotes Desjardins, M.
T249 32645-32655 Sentence denotes Libman, S.
T250 32656-32670 Sentence denotes Dittrich, C.P.
T251 32671-32680 Sentence denotes Yansouni.
T252 32681-32726 Sentence denotes Analysis and interpretation of the data: M.P.
T253 32727-32736 Sentence denotes Cheng, J.
T254 32737-32750 Sentence denotes Papenburg, S.
T255 32751-32765 Sentence denotes Dittrich, C.P.
T256 32766-32775 Sentence denotes Yansouni.
T257 32776-32805 Sentence denotes Drafting of the article: M.P.
T258 32806-32815 Sentence denotes Cheng, J.
T259 32816-32829 Sentence denotes Papenburg, M.
T260 32830-32844 Sentence denotes Desjardins, S.
T261 32845-32857 Sentence denotes Kanjilal, M.
T262 32858-32868 Sentence denotes Libman, S.
T263 32869-32883 Sentence denotes Dittrich, C.P.
T264 32884-32893 Sentence denotes Yansouni.
T265 32894-32952 Sentence denotes Critical revision for important intellectual content: M.P.
T266 32953-32962 Sentence denotes Cheng, J.
T267 32963-32976 Sentence denotes Papenburg, M.
T268 32977-32991 Sentence denotes Desjardins, S.
T269 32992-33004 Sentence denotes Kanjilal, C.
T270 33005-33014 Sentence denotes Quach, M.
T271 33015-33027 Sentence denotes Libman, C.P.
T272 33028-33037 Sentence denotes Yansouni.
T273 33038-33073 Sentence denotes Final approval of the article: M.P.
T274 33074-33083 Sentence denotes Cheng, J.
T275 33084-33097 Sentence denotes Papenburg, M.
T276 33098-33112 Sentence denotes Desjardins, S.
T277 33113-33125 Sentence denotes Kanjilal, C.
T278 33126-33135 Sentence denotes Quach, M.
T279 33136-33146 Sentence denotes Libman, S.
T280 33147-33161 Sentence denotes Dittrich, C.P.
T281 33162-33171 Sentence denotes Yansouni.
T282 33172-33198 Sentence denotes Obtaining of funding: C.P.
T283 33199-33208 Sentence denotes Yansouni.
T284 33209-33261 Sentence denotes Administrative, technical, or logistic support: C.P.
T285 33262-33271 Sentence denotes Yansouni.
T286 33272-33309 Sentence denotes Collection and assembly of data: M.P.
T287 33310-33319 Sentence denotes Cheng, J.
T288 33320-33335 Sentence denotes Papenburg, C.P.
T289 33336-33345 Sentence denotes Yansouni.

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 2587-2596 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T2 7512-7521 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T3 20868-20877 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T4 21624-21633 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T5 22082-22093 Phenotype denotes lymphopenia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001888
T6 22178-22219 Phenotype denotes increased erythrocyte sedimentation rates http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003565
T7 22314-22324 Phenotype denotes leukopenia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001882
T8 22326-22338 Phenotype denotes leukocytosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001974
T9 22344-22363 Phenotype denotes increased bilirubin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003573
T10 22593-22599 Phenotype denotes sepsis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100806