| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T47 |
0-23 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Measures and challenges |
| T48 |
24-158 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The WHO declared COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January and a pandemic on 11 March [18,19]. |
| T49 |
159-311 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, countries worldwide have taken to a wide range of measures, initially to contain and later to mitigate its impact. |
| T50 |
312-527 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The current goal is primarily to limit the spread of the virus through physical distancing i.e. lowering contact rates in order to gain time for preparing critical services such as healthcare for a high demand [20]. |
| T51 |
528-679 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Reducing exposure also aims to protect the most vulnerable population groups and healthcare workers in the absence of a vaccine and specific treatment. |
| T52 |
680-1009 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In Europe, measures have comprised closure of borders, closure of educational institutions such as schools, nurseries and universities, closure of museums and theatres, closure of shops and restaurants, restriction of movement and suspension of public gatherings even with small groups of people, and lockdown of whole countries. |
| T53 |
1010-1257 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Obviously, these measures have a far-reaching impact on individuals and society as a whole and they were taken at different times and on a different scale depending on the countries’ epidemiological, geographical, political and societal situation. |
| T54 |
1258-1402 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a number of public health challenges and some vulnerabilities in health sector preparedness have become evident. |
| T55 |
1403-1601 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In times of public health emergencies, setting research priorities and conducting research risks duplication of efforts, and strong coordinating mechanisms and oversight are necessary to avoid this. |
| T56 |
1602-1721 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Further, timely communication and conveying uncertainties are a recurrent challenge for public health and policymakers. |
| T57 |
1722-1885 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Informed risk communication, streamlining of messages and collaboration with the media play an important role in mitigating the impact of any public health crisis. |
| T58 |
1886-2110 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A new challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic is how to identify the right moment and determine the correct means for escalation and de-escalation of measures taken at a scale that was beyond imagination for many only months ago. |
| T59 |
2111-2342 |
Sentence |
denotes |
While there will be common principles such as timeliness, proportionality and acceptability of measures, there will most probably not be one gold standard solution for all and the approaches will need to be flexible and responsive. |
| T60 |
2343-2443 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Only the future can show which strategies and measures were most successful in curbing the pandemic. |
| T61 |
2444-2625 |
Sentence |
denotes |
It has taken China around 100 days to start getting back to ‘normal’ and early signals from some countries seem to indicate that the increase of new infections may have slowed down. |
| T62 |
2626-2821 |
Sentence |
denotes |
However, the majority of countries worldwide are just beginning to see a surge in cases and excess all-cause mortality is high in several of the European countries most affected by COVID-19 [21]. |
| T63 |
2822-2980 |
Sentence |
denotes |
While it is yet impossible to predict where we will be 100 days from now, COVID-19 will certainly still be on our agenda and there is no room for complacency. |
