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PMC:7156291 / 11039-17982 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
226 28-36 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
227 42-50 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
229 87-104 Disease denotes pulmonary lesions MESH:D008171
233 1109-1117 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
234 1088-1105 Disease denotes pulmonary lesions MESH:D008171
235 1123-1131 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
238 154-171 Disease denotes pulmonary lesions MESH:D008171
239 301-318 Disease denotes pulmonary lesions MESH:D008171
242 1505-1513 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
243 1519-1527 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
251 2425-2433 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
252 2563-2570 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
253 2595-2602 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
254 2628-2635 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
255 2662-2669 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
256 2700-2707 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
257 2439-2447 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
261 1738-1746 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
262 1840-1848 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
263 2055-2063 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
266 2750-2758 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
267 2764-2772 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
272 2811-2819 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
273 2853-2861 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
274 2990-2997 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
275 3049-3057 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
278 4734-4750 Disease denotes Pleural effusion MESH:D010996
279 4787-4802 Disease denotes Lymphadenopathy MESH:D008206
282 3869-3877 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
283 3883-3891 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
285 5111-5119 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
290 3192-3200 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
291 3368-3376 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
292 3522-3529 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
293 3740-3748 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
299 5160-5168 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
300 5265-5273 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
301 5370-5378 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
302 5173-5190 Disease denotes pleural effusions MESH:D010996
303 5208-5223 Disease denotes lymphadenopathy MESH:D008206
310 5549-5554 Species denotes woman Tax:9606
311 5589-5596 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
312 5574-5588 Disease denotes COVID-infected MESH:C000657245
313 5612-5617 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
314 5619-5624 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
315 5630-5643 Disease denotes low back pain MESH:D017116
320 6255-6262 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
321 6240-6254 Disease denotes COVID-infected MESH:C000657245
322 6278-6283 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
323 6288-6293 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
326 5494-5502 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
327 5508-5526 Disease denotes COVID-19 pneumonia MESH:C000657245

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T35 2403-2407 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T36 3781-3785 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T37 3845-3849 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T38 4905-4909 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T39 5634-5638 Body_part denotes back http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma25056
T40 5694-5709 Body_part denotes left lower lobe http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7371
T41 5815-5820 Body_part denotes lungs http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68877
T42 5848-5863 Body_part denotes left lower lobe http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7371
T43 5993-6008 Body_part denotes left lower lobe http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7371
T44 6143-6158 Body_part denotes left lower lobe http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7371
T45 6380-6395 Body_part denotes left lower lobe http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7371
T46 6498-6514 Body_part denotes left lower lobes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7371

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T20 2335-2339 Body_part denotes lobe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752
T21 2403-2407 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T22 2408-2412 Body_part denotes lobe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752
T23 3781-3785 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T24 3845-3849 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T25 4734-4750 Body_part denotes Pleural effusion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000175
T26 4905-4909 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T27 5173-5190 Body_part denotes pleural effusions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000175
T28 5705-5709 Body_part denotes lobe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752
T29 5859-5863 Body_part denotes lobe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752
T30 6004-6008 Body_part denotes lobe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752
T31 6154-6158 Body_part denotes lobe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752
T32 6391-6395 Body_part denotes lobe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752
T33 6867-6871 Body_part denotes lobe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T36 42-50 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T37 1123-1131 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T38 1519-1527 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T39 2439-2447 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T40 2764-2772 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T41 3883-3891 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T42 4787-4802 Disease denotes Lymphadenopathy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005833
T43 5208-5223 Disease denotes lymphadenopathy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005833
T44 5508-5516 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T45 5517-5526 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T65 637-638 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T66 794-795 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T67 1239-1242 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053001 denotes 114
T68 1315-1317 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T69 1817-1819 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001236 denotes 2a
T70 2007-2008 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T71 2322-2323 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T72 2351-2352 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes b
T73 2403-2407 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T74 2403-2407 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T75 2655-2657 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T76 3352-3353 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T77 3414-3415 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T78 3506-3507 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T79 3781-3785 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T80 3781-3785 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T81 3845-3849 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T82 3845-3849 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T83 4038-4040 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T84 4734-4750 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000175 denotes Pleural effusion
T85 4905-4909 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T86 4905-4909 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T87 5034-5036 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T88 5052-5054 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T89 5173-5190 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000175 denotes pleural effusions
T90 5535-5539 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001599 denotes A 54
T91 5572-5573 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T92 5681-5682 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T93 5755-5758 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002755 denotes d–f
T94 5777-5778 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T95 5815-5820 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lungs
T96 6060-6062 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T97 6203-6207 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001568 denotes A 24
T98 6238-6239 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T99 6340-6343 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051456 denotes a–e
T100 6686-6688 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T29 4934-4936 Chemical denotes SD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74807

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T35 4073-4092 Phenotype denotes Pulmonary opacities http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031457
T36 4734-4750 Phenotype denotes Pleural effusion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002202
T37 4787-4802 Phenotype denotes Lymphadenopathy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002716
T38 5173-5190 Phenotype denotes pleural effusions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002202
T39 5208-5223 Phenotype denotes lymphadenopathy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002716
T40 5517-5526 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T41 5612-5617 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T42 5619-5624 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T43 5630-5643 Phenotype denotes low back pain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003419
T44 6278-6283 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T45 6288-6293 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T46 6880-6890 Phenotype denotes atoll sign http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032983

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T124 0-50 Sentence denotes Evolution of CT findings in patients with COVID-19
T125 52-104 Sentence denotes Evolution of CT characteristics of pulmonary lesions
T126 105-219 Sentence denotes Figure 1 depicts the evolution of CT features of pulmonary lesions in different time intervals from disease onset.
T127 220-636 Sentence denotes Significant differences were found among the time intervals in the proportion of pulmonary lesions that are (1) pure GGO (χ2 = 37.97, p = 0.01), (2) mixed attenuation (GGO and consolidation) (χ2 = 12.80, p < 0.01), (3) mixed attenuation with reticular/linear opacities (χ2 = 20.57, p < 0.01), and (4) consolidation with reticular/linear opacities (χ2 = 32.49, p < 0.01) and pure consolidation (χ2 = 10.37, p = 0.03).
T128 637-1045 Sentence denotes A significant linear decrease in the proportions of pure GGO lesions (y = 0.55–0.08x, p < 0.01) and mixed attenuation lesions (y = 0.31–0.03x, p = 0.01) and a significant linear increase in the proportions of lesion with reticular/linear opacities (mixed attenuation + linear opacities (y = 0.08 + 0.04x, p < 0.01) and consolidation + linear opacities (y = − 0.03 + 0.04x, p < 0.01)) were observed over time.
T129 1046-1132 Sentence denotes Fig. 1 Evolution of CT characteristics of pulmonary lesions in patients with COVID-19.
T130 1133-1380 Sentence denotes The time intervals after disease onset (days) were divided into 5 groups, i.e., days 0–3 (lesion number = 114), days 4–7 (lesion number = 241), days 8–10 (lesion number = 189), days 11–14 (lesion number = 178), and days 15–21 (lesion number = 95).
T131 1381-1468 Sentence denotes GGO, ground glass opacities; mixed attenuation = ground glass opacities + consolidation
T132 1470-1527 Sentence denotes Evolution of lobar distribution in patients with COVID-19
T133 1528-1706 Sentence denotes No statistically significant difference was found in the lobar distribution of pulmonary findings over different time intervals from symptom onset, but some trends were observed.
T134 1707-1821 Sentence denotes For example, the proportion of patients with fewer than 3 lobes affected decreased in the first 10 days (Fig. 2a).
T135 1822-1932 Sentence denotes The proportion of patients with three or more affected lobes was higher in all of the time intervals analyzed.
T136 1933-2147 Sentence denotes Bilateral involvement was more prevalent than unilateral involvement with a trend toward an increase in the proportion of patients with bilateral CT abnormalities in the first 2 weeks after disease onset (Fig. 2b).
T137 2148-2274 Sentence denotes Lower lobes have higher rates of involvement than the others, but the differences are not statistically significant (Fig. 2c).
T138 2275-2483 Sentence denotes Fig. 2 Evolution of lobar distribution of the (a) number of lobe affected, (b) unilateral and bilateral lobes affected, and (c) lung lobe affected in patients with COVID-19 within 21 days after disease onset.
T139 2484-2720 Sentence denotes The time after disease onset (day) is categorized as 5 groups, i.e., days 0–3 (patient number = 37), days 4–7 (patient number = 69), days 8–10 (patient number = 53), days 11–14 (patient number = 49), and days 15–21 (patient number = 25)
T140 2722-2772 Sentence denotes Evolution of CT findings in patients with COVID-19
T141 2773-2834 Sentence denotes The initial CTs of 4 out of 88 (4.5%) patients were negative.
T142 2835-2958 Sentence denotes Two of these four patients had their baseline CT during days 1–3, one during days 4–7, and one during days 8–10 of disease.
T143 2959-3085 Sentence denotes Subsequently, CT images of one patient remained negative even during days 8–10, and other patients developed CT abnormalities.
T144 3086-3351 Sentence denotes There were significant differences between the time interval groups after disease onset in proportions of patients with both GGO and consolidation (χ2 = 22.2, p < 0.01) and the combination of GGO, consolidation, and linear opacities (χ2 = 21.5, p < 0.01) (Table 2).
T145 3352-3681 Sentence denotes A proportion of patients with GGO and consolidation presented a decreasing trend during the 21 days after disease onset (y = 0.48–0.09x, p < 0.01), while a proportion of patient with all three findings including ground glass opacities, consolidation, and linear opacities presented an increasing trend (y = 0.12–0.11x, p < 0.01).
T146 3682-3801 Sentence denotes No significant difference was found in the proportions of patients with other CT findings or total lung severity score.
T147 3802-3926 Sentence denotes Table 2 Evolution of CT findings and total lung severity scores of patients with COVID-19 within 21 days after disease onset
T148 3927-3977 Sentence denotes Characteristic Time after disease onset χ2 p value
T149 3978-4072 Sentence denotes Days 0–3 (n = 37) Days 4–7 (n = 69) Days 8–10 (n = 53) Days 11–14 (n = 49) Days 15–21 (n = 25)
T150 4073-4092 Sentence denotes Pulmonary opacities
T151 4093-4156 Sentence denotes   GGO only 8 (21.6) 13 (18.8) 7 (13.2) 4 (8.2) 1 (4.0) 6.6 0.16
T152 4157-4238 Sentence denotes   GGO and consolidation 12 (32.4) 26 (37.7) 8 (15.1) 5 (10.1) 1 (4.0) 22.2 < 0.01
T153 4239-4315 Sentence denotes   GGO and linear opacities 2 (5.4) 2 (2.9) 4 (7.5) 2 (4.1) 2 (8.0) 1.87 0.76
T154 4316-4386 Sentence denotes   Consolidation only 1 (2.8) 6 (8.7) 3 (5.7) 4 (8.2) 1 (4.0) 1.98 0.74
T155 4387-4471 Sentence denotes   Consolidation and linear opacities 0 (0) 2 (2.9) 4 (7.5) 4 (8.2) 3 (12.0) 6.0 0.19
T156 4472-4576 Sentence denotes   GGO, consolidation, and linear opacities 12 (32.4) 19 (27.5) 25 (47.2) 30 (61.2) 17 (68.0) 21.5 < 0.01
T157 4577-4639 Sentence denotes   Negative CT 2 (5.4) 1 (1.5) 2 (3.8) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 4.3 0.36
T158 4640-4654 Sentence denotes Other findings
T159 4655-4731 Sentence denotes   Discrete pulmonary nodules 4 (10.8) 4 (5.8) 3 (5.7) 1 (2.0) 0 (0) 4.8 0.36
T160 4732-4784 Sentence denotes   Pleural effusion 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) – –
T161 4785-4836 Sentence denotes   Lymphadenopathy 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) – –
T162 4837-4898 Sentence denotes   Cavitation 3 (8.1) 3 (4.3) 1 (1.9) 2 (4.1) 1 (4.0) 2.1 0.72
T163 4899-4924 Sentence denotes Total lung severity score
T164 4925-4993 Sentence denotes   Mean ± SD 3.9 ± 2.7 4.8 ± 2.9 4.9 ± 2.8 5.3 ± 3.3 5.2 ± 2.8 – 0.29
T165 4994-5059 Sentence denotes   Median (range) 4 (0–10) 5 (0–12) 5 (0–11) 5 (1–13) 5 (1–11) – –
T166 5060-5098 Sentence denotes Numbers in parentheses are percentages
T167 5099-5147 Sentence denotes n number of patients, GGO ground glass opacities
T168 5148-5252 Sentence denotes None of the patients had pleural effusions or intrathoracic lymphadenopathy during the follow-up period.
T169 5253-5436 Sentence denotes Some of the patients had cavitation on CT, but these are thought to represent pre-existing conditions as none of the patients in the study cohort developed cavitation on follow-up CT.
T170 5437-5527 Sentence denotes Figures 3 and 4 show the evolution of CT findings of two patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
T171 5528-5723 Sentence denotes Fig. 3 A 54-year-old woman with exposure to a COVID-infected patient presented with fever, cough, and low back pain for 2 days and remains hospitalized. a–c CT shows left lower lobe GGO on day 2.
T172 5724-5821 Sentence denotes The total severity score is 1. d–f CT on day 7 shows a significant increase in GGO in both lungs.
T173 5822-5869 Sentence denotes The severity score of the left lower lobe is 2.
T174 5870-5966 Sentence denotes The total severity score is 5. g–i CT on day 9 shows bilateral GGO and subpleural consolidation.
T175 5967-6014 Sentence denotes The severity score of the left lower lobe is 3.
T176 6015-6116 Sentence denotes The total severity score is 9. j–l CT on day 11 shows diffuse GGO and linear opacities (thick arrow).
T177 6117-6164 Sentence denotes The severity score of the left lower lobe is 4.
T178 6165-6195 Sentence denotes The total severity score is 12
T179 6196-6419 Sentence denotes Fig. 4 A 24-year-old man with exposure to a COVID-infected patient presented with fever and cough for 1 day and remains hospitalized currently. a–e CT scan shows GGO in the subpleural left lower lobe on day 1 (thick arrow).
T180 6420-6529 Sentence denotes The overall total severity score is 1. f–j CT on day 4 shows enlarging GGO in left lower lobes (thick arrow).
T181 6530-6630 Sentence denotes The overall total severity score is 3. k–o CT on day 8 shows increased GGO in bilateral lower lobes.
T182 6631-6763 Sentence denotes The total severity score was 5. p–t CT obtained on day 11 shows bilateral ground glass opacities and linear opacities (thick arrow).
T183 6764-6905 Sentence denotes The overall total severity score was 7. u–y CT obtained on day 15 shows improvement of bilateral lower lobe GGO and atoll sign (thick arrow).
T184 6906-6943 Sentence denotes The overall total severity score is 5