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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
2 28-36 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
3 47-65 Disease denotes COVID-19 pneumonia MESH:C000657245
6 132-140 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
7 151-169 Disease denotes COVID-19 pneumonia MESH:C000657245
11 216-224 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
12 485-492 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
13 245-263 Disease denotes COVID-19 pneumonia MESH:C000657245
23 627-635 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
24 850-858 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
25 1166-1174 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
26 1294-1302 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
27 1398-1406 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
28 693-701 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
29 745-750 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
30 763-768 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
31 972-989 Disease denotes pulmonary lesions MESH:D008171
34 1667-1675 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
35 1681-1689 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
38 1723-1731 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
39 1737-1745 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
42 1794-1802 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
43 1785-1793 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
45 1860-1868 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
58 2072-2089 Species denotes novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
59 2257-2262 Species denotes human Tax:9606
60 2341-2354 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
61 1988-1997 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
62 2142-2164 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 19 MESH:C000657245
63 2166-2174 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
64 2231-2253 Disease denotes Coronavirus infections MESH:D018352
65 2281-2309 Disease denotes respiratory tract infections MESH:D012141
66 2381-2414 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome MESH:D045169
67 2416-2420 Disease denotes SARS MESH:D045169
68 2426-2458 Disease denotes Middle East respiratory syndrome MESH:D018352
69 2460-2464 Disease denotes MERS MESH:D018352
74 3077-3085 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
75 2580-2589 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
76 2774-2782 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
77 2897-2905 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
96 3313-3321 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
97 3482-3490 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
98 3527-3535 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
99 3814-3822 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
100 4119-4127 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
101 4281-4289 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
102 3337-3346 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
103 3355-3360 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
104 3362-3367 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
105 3373-3380 Disease denotes myalgia MESH:D063806
106 3385-3392 Disease denotes fatigue MESH:D005221
107 3746-3782 Disease denotes Acute respiratory distress syndromes MESH:D012128
108 3784-3788 Disease denotes ARDS MESH:D012128
109 3842-3857 Disease denotes lymphadenopathy MESH:D008206
110 3862-3879 Disease denotes pleural effusions MESH:D010996
111 4056-4065 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
112 4268-4277 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
113 4300-4308 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
116 4466-4473 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
117 4550-4557 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
132 4655-4663 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
133 4837-4845 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
134 5009-5017 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
135 5100-5108 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
136 5270-5278 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
137 5452-5458 Chemical denotes oxygen MESH:D010100
138 4669-4677 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
139 4851-4859 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
140 5165-5174 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
141 5183-5192 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
142 5194-5229 Disease denotes acute respiratory distress syndrome MESH:D012128
143 5231-5237 Disease denotes sepsis MESH:D018805
144 5243-5255 Disease denotes septic shock MESH:D012772
145 5349-5357 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
148 6113-6121 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
149 6314-6322 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
152 6887-6903 Disease denotes pleural effusion MESH:D010996
153 6905-6920 Disease denotes lymphadenopathy MESH:D008206
155 8168-8175 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
161 8195-8203 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
162 8339-8347 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
163 8527-8535 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
164 8621-8629 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
165 8639-8648 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
181 10215-10218 Gene denotes AST Gene:26503
182 10316-10334 Gene denotes C-reactive protein Gene:1401
183 9165-9172 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
184 9397-9404 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
185 9178-9181 Disease denotes NCP MESH:C000657245
186 9388-9396 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
187 9452-9468 Disease denotes symptoms   Fever MESH:D051271
188 9481-9486 Disease denotes Cough MESH:D003371
189 9525-9532 Disease denotes Fatigue MESH:D005221
190 9567-9586 Disease denotes shortness of breath MESH:D004417
191 9599-9611 Disease denotes Pharyngalgia MESH:D010608
192 9650-9658 Disease denotes Headache MESH:D006261
193 9669-9675 Disease denotes Nausea MESH:D009325
194 9683-9691 Disease denotes vomiting MESH:D014839
195 9700-9708 Disease denotes Diarrhea MESH:D003967
197 9101-9108 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
199 10436-10444 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
201 10508-10511 Gene denotes AST Gene:26503
203 10539-10544 Chemical denotes aData
206 10839-10842 Gene denotes AST Gene:26503
207 10877-10895 Gene denotes C-reactive protein Gene:1401
216 9039-9057 Gene denotes C-reactive protein Gene:1401
217 8745-8753 Species denotes Patients Tax:9606
218 8825-8832 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
219 9018-9026 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
220 9083-9091 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
221 8816-8824 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
222 8871-8876 Disease denotes Fever MESH:D005334
223 8889-8894 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
226 11067-11075 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
227 11081-11089 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
229 11126-11143 Disease denotes pulmonary lesions MESH:D008171
233 12148-12156 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
234 12127-12144 Disease denotes pulmonary lesions MESH:D008171
235 12162-12170 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
238 11193-11210 Disease denotes pulmonary lesions MESH:D008171
239 11340-11357 Disease denotes pulmonary lesions MESH:D008171
242 12544-12552 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
243 12558-12566 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
251 13464-13472 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
252 13602-13609 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
253 13634-13641 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
254 13667-13674 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
255 13701-13708 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
256 13739-13746 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
257 13478-13486 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
261 12777-12785 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
262 12879-12887 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
263 13094-13102 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
266 13789-13797 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
267 13803-13811 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
272 13850-13858 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
273 13892-13900 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
274 14029-14036 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
275 14088-14096 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
278 15773-15789 Disease denotes Pleural effusion MESH:D010996
279 15826-15841 Disease denotes Lymphadenopathy MESH:D008206
282 14908-14916 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
283 14922-14930 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
285 16150-16158 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
290 14231-14239 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
291 14407-14415 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
292 14561-14568 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
293 14779-14787 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
299 16199-16207 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
300 16304-16312 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
301 16409-16417 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
302 16212-16229 Disease denotes pleural effusions MESH:D010996
303 16247-16262 Disease denotes lymphadenopathy MESH:D008206
310 16588-16593 Species denotes woman Tax:9606
311 16628-16635 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
312 16613-16627 Disease denotes COVID-infected MESH:C000657245
313 16651-16656 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
314 16658-16663 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
315 16669-16682 Disease denotes low back pain MESH:D017116
320 17294-17301 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
321 17279-17293 Disease denotes COVID-infected MESH:C000657245
322 17317-17322 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
323 17327-17332 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
326 16533-16541 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
327 16547-16565 Disease denotes COVID-19 pneumonia MESH:C000657245
337 17995-18002 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
338 18260-18268 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
339 18283-18291 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
340 18421-18429 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
341 18538-18546 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
342 18221-18226 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
343 18231-18236 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
344 18498-18506 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
345 18638-18647 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
359 18782-18790 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
360 19751-19759 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
361 19818-19826 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
362 20263-20271 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
363 20303-20311 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
364 20383-20391 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
365 20593-20601 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
366 19415-19419 Disease denotes SARS MESH:D045169
367 19567-19575 Disease denotes fibrosis MESH:D005355
368 19904-19912 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
369 19914-19929 Disease denotes Lymphadenopathy MESH:D008206
370 19934-19951 Disease denotes pleural effusions MESH:D010996
371 20522-20530 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
388 20774-20789 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11309
389 21448-21465 Species denotes novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
390 21613-21624 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
391 21708-21716 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
392 21858-21866 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
393 20679-20688 Species denotes influenza Tax:11309
394 20801-20810 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
395 20866-20882 Disease denotes Pleural effusion MESH:D010996
396 20920-20935 Disease denotes lymphadenopathy MESH:D008206
397 20965-20974 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
398 21074-21082 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
399 21113-21122 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
400 21173-21183 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
401 21264-21282 Disease denotes COVID-19 pneumonia MESH:C000657245
402 21363-21371 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
403 21383-21398 Disease denotes viral pneumonia
410 21994-22002 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
411 22338-22346 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
412 22589-22597 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
413 22775-22782 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
414 22095-22103 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
415 22323-22337 Disease denotes critically ill MESH:D016638
421 22994-23002 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
422 23221-23229 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
423 23307-23324 Species denotes novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
424 23514-23522 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
425 23013-23021 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
427 24671-24679 Species denotes patients Tax:9606

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 2281-2298 Body_part denotes respiratory tract http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma265130
T2 3456-3466 Body_part denotes leucocytes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62852
T3 3505-3516 Body_part denotes lymphocytes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863
T4 3910-3915 Body_part denotes Chest http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576
T5 4080-4085 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576
T6 5068-5073 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576
T7 5526-5531 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576
T8 6993-6997 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T9 7051-7055 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T10 7298-7302 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T11 8949-8959 Body_part denotes lymphocyte http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863
T12 8970-8974 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T13 9050-9057 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T14 9545-9550 Body_part denotes Chest http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576
T15 9624-9630 Body_part denotes Muscle http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma32558
T16 9793-9809 Body_part denotes White blood cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62852
T17 9805-9809 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T18 9858-9868 Body_part denotes Lymphocyte http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863
T19 9925-9936 Body_part denotes lymphocytes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863
T20 9987-9999 Body_part denotes neutrophilic http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62860
T21 10000-10011 Body_part denotes granulocyte http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62854
T22 10064-10073 Body_part denotes monocytes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62864
T23 10116-10126 Body_part denotes Hemoglobin http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62293
T24 10327-10334 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T25 10482-10489 Body_part denotes alanine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82749
T26 10718-10734 Body_part denotes white blood cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62852
T27 10730-10734 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T28 10742-10752 Body_part denotes lymphocyte http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863
T29 10768-10779 Body_part denotes lymphocytes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863
T30 10789-10801 Body_part denotes neutrophilic http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62860
T31 10802-10813 Body_part denotes granulocyte http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62854
T32 10823-10832 Body_part denotes monocytes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62864
T33 10861-10871 Body_part denotes hemoglobin http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62293
T34 10888-10895 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T35 13442-13446 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T36 14820-14824 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T37 14884-14888 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T38 15944-15948 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T39 16673-16677 Body_part denotes back http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma25056
T40 16733-16748 Body_part denotes left lower lobe http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7371
T41 16854-16859 Body_part denotes lungs http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68877
T42 16887-16902 Body_part denotes left lower lobe http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7371
T43 17032-17047 Body_part denotes left lower lobe http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7371
T44 17182-17197 Body_part denotes left lower lobe http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7371
T45 17419-17434 Body_part denotes left lower lobe http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7371
T46 17537-17553 Body_part denotes left lower lobes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7371
T47 18303-18319 Body_part denotes white blood cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62852
T48 18315-18319 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T49 18330-18340 Body_part denotes lymphocyte http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863
T50 18380-18390 Body_part denotes lymphocyte http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863
T51 18923-18928 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576
T52 22892-22902 Body_part denotes parenchyma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45732

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 2281-2298 Body_part denotes respiratory tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065
T2 3862-3879 Body_part denotes pleural effusions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000175
T3 3910-3915 Body_part denotes Chest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443
T4 4080-4085 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443
T5 5068-5073 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443
T6 5526-5531 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443
T7 6887-6903 Body_part denotes pleural effusion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000175
T8 6993-6997 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T9 7051-7055 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T10 7142-7146 Body_part denotes lobe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752
T11 7172-7176 Body_part denotes lobe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752
T12 7203-7207 Body_part denotes lobe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752
T13 7234-7238 Body_part denotes lobe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752
T14 7269-7273 Body_part denotes lobe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752
T15 7298-7302 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T16 7356-7360 Body_part denotes lobe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752
T17 9545-9550 Body_part denotes Chest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443
T18 9799-9804 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T19 10724-10729 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T20 13374-13378 Body_part denotes lobe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752
T21 13442-13446 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T22 13447-13451 Body_part denotes lobe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752
T23 14820-14824 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T24 14884-14888 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T25 15773-15789 Body_part denotes Pleural effusion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000175
T26 15944-15948 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T27 16212-16229 Body_part denotes pleural effusions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000175
T28 16744-16748 Body_part denotes lobe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752
T29 16898-16902 Body_part denotes lobe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752
T30 17043-17047 Body_part denotes lobe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752
T31 17193-17197 Body_part denotes lobe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752
T32 17430-17434 Body_part denotes lobe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752
T33 17906-17910 Body_part denotes lobe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752
T34 18309-18314 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T35 18923-18928 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443
T36 19934-19951 Body_part denotes pleural effusions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000175
T37 20169-20173 Body_part denotes lobe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010752
T38 20866-20882 Body_part denotes Pleural effusion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000175
T39 22892-22902 Body_part denotes parenchyma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000353

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 47-55 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T2 56-65 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T3 151-159 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T4 160-169 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T5 245-253 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T6 254-263 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T7 1681-1689 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T8 1737-1745 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T9 1785-1793 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T10 1988-1997 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T11 2166-2174 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T12 2243-2256 Disease denotes infections in http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T13 2281-2309 Disease denotes respiratory tract infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355
T14 2381-2414 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T15 2416-2420 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T16 2580-2589 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T17 2774-2782 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T18 2897-2905 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T19 3337-3346 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T20 3746-3782 Disease denotes Acute respiratory distress syndromes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502
T21 3784-3788 Disease denotes ARDS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502
T22 3842-3857 Disease denotes lymphadenopathy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005833
T23 4056-4065 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T24 4268-4277 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T25 4300-4308 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T26 4669-4677 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T27 4851-4859 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T28 5165-5174 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T29 5183-5192 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T30 5194-5229 Disease denotes acute respiratory distress syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502
T31 5200-5229 Disease denotes respiratory distress syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009971
T32 5349-5357 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T33 6905-6920 Disease denotes lymphadenopathy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005833
T34 8639-8648 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T35 9700-9708 Disease denotes Diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T36 11081-11089 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T37 12162-12170 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T38 12558-12566 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T39 13478-13486 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T40 13803-13811 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T41 14922-14930 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T42 15826-15841 Disease denotes Lymphadenopathy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005833
T43 16247-16262 Disease denotes lymphadenopathy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005833
T44 16547-16555 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T45 16556-16565 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T46 18638-18647 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T47 19415-19419 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T48 19904-19912 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T49 19914-19929 Disease denotes Lymphadenopathy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005833
T50 20522-20530 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T51 20679-20688 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T52 20774-20783 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T53 20801-20810 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T54 20920-20935 Disease denotes lymphadenopathy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005833
T55 20954-20974 Disease denotes Organizing pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0015265|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0056821
T57 20965-20974 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T58 21074-21082 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T59 21102-21122 Disease denotes organizing pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0015265|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0056821
T61 21113-21122 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T62 21124-21126 Disease denotes OP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0015265
T63 21173-21183 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T64 21264-21272 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T65 21273-21282 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T66 21363-21371 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T67 21383-21398 Disease denotes viral pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006012
T68 21389-21398 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T69 23013-23021 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 76-86 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000030 denotes Objectives
T2 265-266 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T3 1844-1845 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T4 2070-2071 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T5 2196-2208 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organization
T6 2227-2229 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T7 2257-2262 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T8 2590-2593 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T9 2783-2786 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T10 2801-2802 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T11 2906-2909 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T12 3171-3172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T13 3254-3255 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T14 3456-3466 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000738 denotes leucocytes
T15 3520-3522 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000 denotes 35
T16 3862-3879 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000175 denotes pleural effusions
T17 3910-3915 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 denotes Chest
T18 4080-4085 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 denotes chest
T19 4151-4152 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T20 4440-4441 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T21 4627-4629 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T22 4908-4912 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T23 5068-5073 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 denotes chest
T24 5301-5302 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T25 5526-5531 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 denotes chest
T26 6510-6512 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T27 6706-6707 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T28 6887-6903 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000175 denotes pleural effusion
T29 6993-6997 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T30 6993-6997 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T31 7051-7055 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T32 7051-7055 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T33 7122-7123 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T34 7160-7170 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053003 denotes 1 for 1–25
T35 7298-7302 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T36 7298-7302 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T37 7734-7738 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T38 8241-8245 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T39 8241-8245 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T40 8266-8272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes female
T41 8385-8387 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T42 8970-8974 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T43 9137-9141 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T44 9202-9203 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T45 9257-9259 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001382 denotes 48
T46 9269-9271 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 45
T47 9302-9306 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes Male
T48 9302-9306 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes Male
T49 9363-9365 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 45
T50 9545-9550 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 denotes Chest
T51 9624-9630 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001630 denotes Muscle
T52 9624-9630 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005090 denotes Muscle
T53 9624-9630 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000801 denotes Muscle
T54 9624-9630 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001949 denotes Muscle
T55 9756-9763 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T56 9799-9804 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T57 9805-9809 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T58 9846-9848 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T59 10064-10073 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000576 denotes monocytes
T60 10345-10347 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T61 10724-10729 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T62 10730-10734 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T63 10823-10832 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000576 denotes monocytes
T64 10990-10992 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000 denotes 35
T65 11676-11677 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T66 11833-11834 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T67 12278-12281 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053001 denotes 114
T68 12354-12356 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T69 12856-12858 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001236 denotes 2a
T70 13046-13047 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T71 13361-13362 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T72 13390-13391 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes b
T73 13442-13446 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T74 13442-13446 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T75 13694-13696 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T76 14391-14392 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T77 14453-14454 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T78 14545-14546 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T79 14820-14824 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T80 14820-14824 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T81 14884-14888 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T82 14884-14888 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T83 15077-15079 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T84 15773-15789 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000175 denotes Pleural effusion
T85 15944-15948 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T86 15944-15948 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T87 16073-16075 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T88 16091-16093 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T89 16212-16229 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000175 denotes pleural effusions
T90 16574-16578 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001599 denotes A 54
T91 16611-16612 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T92 16720-16721 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T93 16794-16797 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002755 denotes d–f
T94 16816-16817 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T95 16854-16859 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lungs
T96 17099-17101 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T97 17242-17246 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001568 denotes A 24
T98 17277-17278 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T99 17379-17382 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051456 denotes a–e
T100 17725-17727 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T101 18309-18314 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T102 18315-18319 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T103 18923-18928 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 denotes chest
T104 19163-19170 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 denotes focused
T105 19197-19199 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T106 19225-19226 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T107 19664-19665 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T108 19729-19730 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T109 19934-19951 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000175 denotes pleural effusions
T110 20161-20162 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T111 20279-20280 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T112 20357-20358 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T113 20784-20789 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T114 20843-20844 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T115 20866-20882 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000175 denotes Pleural effusion
T116 20954-20964 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organizing
T117 20975-20978 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T118 21102-21112 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes organizing
T119 21219-21220 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T120 21284-21286 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T121 21289-21290 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T122 21412-21414 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T123 21432-21439 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T124 21522-21526 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T125 21603-21608 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T126 21734-21735 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T127 21804-21811 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T128 22928-22929 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T129 23199-23200 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T130 23293-23298 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T131 23368-23369 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T132 23750-23753 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T133 24044-24046 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 4895-4907 Chemical denotes nucleic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T2 4903-4907 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T3 5387-5397 Chemical denotes antivirals http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T4 5399-5409 Chemical denotes interferon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999
T5 5452-5458 Chemical denotes oxygen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25805
T6 5626-5628 Chemical denotes GE http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73801
T7 5644-5646 Chemical denotes GE http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73801
T8 5659-5661 Chemical denotes GE http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73801
T9 5681-5683 Chemical denotes GE http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73801
T10 5806-5808 Chemical denotes GE http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73801
T11 5821-5823 Chemical denotes GE http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73801
T12 8241-8245 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T13 9050-9057 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T14 9220-9225 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T15 10116-10126 Chemical denotes Hemoglobin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5656
T16 10215-10218 Chemical denotes AST http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_76649
T17 10259-10267 Chemical denotes Creatine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16919
T18 10327-10334 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T19 10482-10489 Chemical denotes alanine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16449
T20 10508-10511 Chemical denotes AST http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_76649
T21 10512-10521 Chemical denotes aspartate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_132943|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29995|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_72314
T24 10839-10842 Chemical denotes AST http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_76649
T25 10844-10852 Chemical denotes creatine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16919|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_57947
T27 10861-10871 Chemical denotes hemoglobin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35143
T28 10888-10895 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T29 15973-15975 Chemical denotes SD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74807

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 56-65 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T2 160-169 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T3 254-263 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T4 745-750 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T5 763-768 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T6 1988-1997 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T7 2281-2309 Phenotype denotes respiratory tract infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011947
T8 3355-3360 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T9 3362-3367 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T10 3373-3380 Phenotype denotes myalgia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003326
T11 3385-3392 Phenotype denotes fatigue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012378
T12 3752-3772 Phenotype denotes respiratory distress http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098
T13 3842-3857 Phenotype denotes lymphadenopathy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002716
T14 3862-3879 Phenotype denotes pleural effusions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002202
T15 4056-4065 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T16 4268-4277 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T17 5165-5174 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T18 5183-5192 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T19 5200-5220 Phenotype denotes respiratory distress http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098
T20 5231-5237 Phenotype denotes sepsis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100806
T21 5250-5255 Phenotype denotes shock http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031273
T22 6887-6903 Phenotype denotes pleural effusion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002202
T23 6905-6920 Phenotype denotes lymphadenopathy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002716
T24 8639-8648 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T25 8871-8876 Phenotype denotes Fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T26 8889-8894 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T27 9463-9468 Phenotype denotes Fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T28 9481-9486 Phenotype denotes Cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T29 9525-9532 Phenotype denotes Fatigue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012378
T30 9567-9586 Phenotype denotes shortness of breath http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098
T31 9599-9611 Phenotype denotes Pharyngalgia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033050
T32 9650-9658 Phenotype denotes Headache http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002315
T33 9669-9691 Phenotype denotes Nausea and/or vomiting http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002017
T34 9700-9708 Phenotype denotes Diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T35 15112-15131 Phenotype denotes Pulmonary opacities http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031457
T36 15773-15789 Phenotype denotes Pleural effusion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002202
T37 15826-15841 Phenotype denotes Lymphadenopathy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002716
T38 16212-16229 Phenotype denotes pleural effusions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002202
T39 16247-16262 Phenotype denotes lymphadenopathy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002716
T40 16556-16565 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T41 16651-16656 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T42 16658-16663 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T43 16669-16682 Phenotype denotes low back pain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003419
T44 17317-17322 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T45 17327-17332 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T46 17919-17929 Phenotype denotes atoll sign http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032983
T47 18221-18226 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T48 18231-18236 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T49 19914-19929 Phenotype denotes Lymphadenopathy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002716
T50 19934-19951 Phenotype denotes pleural effusions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002202
T51 20801-20810 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T52 20866-20882 Phenotype denotes Pleural effusion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002202
T53 20920-20935 Phenotype denotes lymphadenopathy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002716
T54 20965-20974 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T55 21113-21122 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T56 21273-21282 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T57 21389-21398 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090

0_colil

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32291502-32007143-66856 2568-2569 32007143 denotes 2
32291502-32007143-66858 3537-3538 32007143 denotes 2
32291502-31986264-66859 3824-3825 31986264 denotes 1
32291502-32007143-66860 3903-3904 32007143 denotes 2
32291502-14627568-66861 19421-19423 14627568 denotes 12
32291502-23857688-66862 20945-20947 23857688 denotes 14
32291502-29757717-66863 20949-20951 29757717 denotes 15
32291502-31986264-66855 2467-2468 31986264 denotes 1
32291502-32007143-66855 2467-2468 32007143 denotes 1
32291502-31986264-66857 3394-3395 31986264 denotes 1
32291502-32007143-66857 3394-3395 32007143 denotes 1

TEST0

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32291502-236-241-66855 2467-2468 ["31986264", "32007143"] denotes 1
32291502-95-100-66856 2568-2569 ["32007143"] denotes 2
32291502-112-117-66857 3394-3395 ["31986264", "32007143"] denotes 1
32291502-137-142-66858 3537-3538 ["32007143"] denotes 2
32291502-78-83-66859 3824-3825 ["31986264"] denotes 1
32291502-75-80-66860 3903-3904 ["32007143"] denotes 2
32291502-46-52-66861 19421-19423 ["14627568"] denotes 12
32291502-79-85-66862 20945-20947 ["23857688"] denotes 14
32291502-83-89-66863 20949-20951 ["29757717"] denotes 15

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32291502-31986264-29373114 2467-2468 31986264 denotes 1
32291502-32007143-29373114 2467-2468 32007143 denotes 1
32291502-32007143-29373115 2568-2569 32007143 denotes 2
32291502-31986264-29373116 3394-3395 31986264 denotes 1
32291502-32007143-29373116 3394-3395 32007143 denotes 1
32291502-32007143-29373117 3537-3538 32007143 denotes 2
32291502-31986264-29373118 3824-3825 31986264 denotes 1
32291502-32007143-29373119 3903-3904 32007143 denotes 2
32291502-14627568-29373120 19421-19423 14627568 denotes 12
32291502-23857688-29373121 20945-20947 23857688 denotes 14
32291502-29757717-29373122 20949-20951 29757717 denotes 15

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-65 Sentence denotes Evolution of CT findings in patients with mild COVID-19 pneumonia
T2 67-75 Sentence denotes Abstract
T3 76-86 Sentence denotes Objectives
T4 87-170 Sentence denotes To delineate the evolution of CT findings in patients with mild COVID-19 pneumonia.
T5 172-179 Sentence denotes Methods
T6 180-340 Sentence denotes CT images and medical records of 88 patients with confirmed mild COVID-19 pneumonia, a baseline CT, and at least one follow-up CT were retrospectively reviewed.
T7 341-575 Sentence denotes CT features including lobar distribution and presence of ground glass opacities (GGO), consolidation, and linear opacities were analyzed on per-patient basis during each of five time intervals spanning the 3 weeks after disease onset.
T8 576-614 Sentence denotes Total severity scores were calculated.
T9 616-623 Sentence denotes Results
T10 624-714 Sentence denotes Of patients, 85.2% had travel history to Wuhan or known contact with infected individuals.
T11 715-777 Sentence denotes The most common symptoms were fever (84.1%) and cough (56.8%).
T12 778-844 Sentence denotes The baseline CT was obtained on average 5 days from symptom onset.
T13 845-890 Sentence denotes Four patients (4.5%) had negative initial CT.
T14 891-1149 Sentence denotes Significant differences were found among the time intervals in the proportion of pulmonary lesions that are (1) pure GGO, (2) mixed attenuation, (3) mixed attenuation with linear opacities, (4) consolidation with linear opacities, and (5) pure consolidation.
T15 1150-1204 Sentence denotes The majority of patients had involvement of ≥ 3 lobes.
T16 1205-1274 Sentence denotes Bilateral involvement was more prevalent than unilateral involvement.
T17 1275-1447 Sentence denotes The proportions of patients observed to have pure GGO or GGO and consolidation decreased over time while the proportion of patients with GGO and linear opacities increased.
T18 1448-1517 Sentence denotes Total severity score showed an increasing trend in the first 2 weeks.
T19 1519-1530 Sentence denotes Conclusions
T20 1531-1690 Sentence denotes While bilateral GGO are predominant features, CT findings changed during different time intervals in the 3 weeks after symptom onset in patients with COVID-19.
T21 1692-1702 Sentence denotes Key Points
T22 1703-1770 Sentence denotes • Four of 88 (4.5%) patients with COVID-19 had negative initial CT.
T23 1771-1841 Sentence denotes • Majority of COVID-19 patients had abnormal CT findings in ≥ 3 lobes.
T24 1842-1949 Sentence denotes • A proportion of patients with pure ground glass opacities decreased over the 3 weeks after symptom onset.
T25 1951-1963 Sentence denotes Introduction
T26 1964-2230 Sentence denotes After multiple cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology were reported in Wuhan, China, in December of 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified in January 2020 and officially named coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 11.
T27 2231-2472 Sentence denotes Coronavirus infections in human mostly cause mild respiratory tract infections; however, different strains of coronaviruses were also responsible for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) [1–3].
T28 2473-2757 Sentence denotes Many of the early cases occurred in those with exposure to the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan [2], but the infection has since spread, particularly as many residents left Wuhan for the extended holidays around the lunar new year prior to government shutdown of the city on January 23.
T29 2758-2852 Sentence denotes The outbreak of COVID-19 has been declared a global health emergency by the WHO on January 30.
T30 2853-3142 Sentence denotes As of February 17, 2020, confirmed cases of COVID-19 has been reported in 29 countries and territories; the majority of reported cases remain within China with 803 out of 71,356 cases outside of mainland China, initially in patients who have traveled to China and their close contacts [4].
T31 3143-3281 Sentence denotes However, the development of a pandemic seems unavoidable given the natural evolution of the disease, making it a worldwide health problem.
T32 3282-3399 Sentence denotes Common presenting symptoms for patients with confirmed infection include fever, cough, and myalgia and fatigue [1–3].
T33 3400-3540 Sentence denotes Typical laboratory findings on admission include normal leucocytes in majority of patients and decreased lymphocytes in 35% of patients [2].
T34 3541-3679 Sentence denotes According to published reports, common CT findings consist of bilateral patchy ground glass opacities with peripheral predominance [5, 6].
T35 3680-3745 Sentence denotes As the disease progresses, consolidation becomes more common [6].
T36 3746-3827 Sentence denotes Acute respiratory distress syndromes (ARDS) develop in up to 30% of patients [1].
T37 3828-3909 Sentence denotes Intrathoracic lymphadenopathy and pleural effusions are uncommon findings [2, 5].
T38 3910-4070 Sentence denotes Chest radiographic (CXR) findings include bilateral patchy opacities [3, 7] though CXRs are considered unreliable in detecting early phase of the pneumonia [8].
T39 4071-4145 Sentence denotes Negative chest CTs have been reported in 14% of patients in one study [5].
T40 4146-4233 Sentence denotes Only a small number of cases with follow-up imaging have been reported thus far [6, 9].
T41 4234-4406 Sentence denotes Therefore, we evaluated serial CT pneumonia in patients with mild COVID-19 outside of Wuhan to elucidate the evolution of CT features with correlation to clinical findings.
T42 4408-4429 Sentence denotes Materials and methods
T43 4431-4439 Sentence denotes Patients
T44 4440-4546 Sentence denotes A retrospective review of patient data and imaging studies was approved by the institutional review board.
T45 4547-4610 Sentence denotes No patient consent was required for this HIPAA-compliant study.
T46 4611-4792 Sentence denotes Between January 22 and February 8, 2020, 88 patients with COVID-19 were identified from six hospitals in Shaanxi Province in China, which is approximately 800 km northwest of Wuhan.
T47 4793-5077 Sentence denotes The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) patients with COVID-19 confirmed by at least one positive nucleic acid test performed at the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Shaanxi Province in China and (2) patients who underwent baseline and at least one follow-up chest CT.
T48 5078-5261 Sentence denotes According to the WHO, patients are divided into six types: uncomplicated illness, mild pneumonia, severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, and septic shock [10].
T49 5262-5490 Sentence denotes All the patients were treated based on a standard diagnosis and treatment criteria for COVID-19 which includes initiation of antivirals, interferon, Chinese herbal medications, supplemental oxygen as needed, and hospitalization.
T50 5492-5509 Sentence denotes Image acquisition
T51 5510-5836 Sentence denotes CT scans of the chest were acquired on 16- to 64-multidector CT scanners (Philips Brilliant 16, Philips Healthcare; GE LightSpeed 16, GE Healthcare; GE VCT LightSpeed 64, GE Healthcare; Somatom Sensation 64, Siemens Healthcare; Somatom AS, Siemens Healthcare; Somatom Spirit, Siemens Healthcare; GE Optima 680, GE Healthcare).
T52 5837-5871 Sentence denotes The CT parameters were as follows:
T53 5872-5983 Sentence denotes 120 kVp, current intelligent control (auto mA) of 30–300 mA, and slice thickness reconstructions of 0.6–3.0 mm.
T54 5984-6057 Sentence denotes All CT examinations were performed without intravenous contrast material.
T55 6059-6089 Sentence denotes Data collection and evaluation
T56 6090-6272 Sentence denotes The medical records of patients were reviewed to determine the demographic data, medical history, exposure history, clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and time of disease onset.
T57 6273-6355 Sentence denotes The date of disease onset was defined as patients’ reported date of symptom onset.
T58 6356-6533 Sentence denotes The time intervals, in days, between each CT scan and disease onset were determined and categorized into five groups (days 0–3, days 4–7, days 8–10, days 11–14, and days 15–21).
T59 6534-6634 Sentence denotes CT images were reviewed independently by two thoracic radiologists each with 10 years of experience.
T60 6635-6694 Sentence denotes Differences were resolved by discussion to reach consensus.
T61 6695-6952 Sentence denotes Similar to a previously published report [6], CT findings including the presence and distribution of ground glass opacities (GGO), consolidation, linear opacities, discrete pulmonary nodules, pleural effusion, lymphadenopathy, and cavitation were evaluated.
T62 6953-7033 Sentence denotes Degree of lobar involvement and overall lung total severity score were recorded.
T63 7034-7286 Sentence denotes Each of the five lung lobes was assessed for degree or area of involvement and assigned a score of 0 for 0% lobe involvement, 1 for 1–25% lobe involvement, 2 for 26–50% lobe involvement, 3 for 51–75% lobe involvement, or 4 for 76–100% lobe involvement.
T64 7287-7405 Sentence denotes An overall lung total severity score was reached by summing the five lobe scores (range of possible scores, 0–20) [5].
T65 7407-7427 Sentence denotes Statistical analysis
T66 7428-7569 Sentence denotes Continuous variables were represented as means and standard deviations, while categorical variables were expressed as counts and percentages.
T67 7570-7771 Sentence denotes Differences of CT characteristics, lobar involvement, and overall total severity score among different time intervals were statistically compared by the chi-square test or analysis of variance (ANOVA).
T68 7772-7921 Sentence denotes Linear regression analysis was further used to characterize the linear evolution trends of the variables that were significant at the above analysis.
T69 7922-8018 Sentence denotes Statistical analysis was performed by using R software (version 3.6.0; http://www.Rproject.org).
T70 8019-8089 Sentence denotes The packages in R that were used in this study are “gmodels” packages.
T71 8090-8157 Sentence denotes All p values were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.
T72 8159-8166 Sentence denotes Results
T73 8168-8188 Sentence denotes Patient demographics
T74 8189-8318 Sentence denotes Of 88 patients in the study cohort, 51 (58.0%) were male and 37 (42.0%) were female; mean age was 42.7 years (range, 4–82 years).
T75 8319-8414 Sentence denotes Fifty-three (60.2%) patients had 2 CTs, 24 (27.2%) had 3 CTs, and 11 (12.5%) had 4 or more CTs.
T76 8415-8514 Sentence denotes The mean time interval between symptom onset and baseline CT was 5.5 ± 3.5 days (range, 1–15 days).
T77 8515-8609 Sentence denotes Five (5.7%) patients in the study cohort were known to have been discharged from the hospital.
T78 8610-8682 Sentence denotes All of the patients had mild pneumonia based on the WHO definition [10].
T79 8683-8744 Sentence denotes The demographics of the study cohort are detailed in Table 1.
T80 8745-8870 Sentence denotes Patients with exposure history (recent travel to Wuhan or contact with infected patient) accounted for 85.2% of study cohort.
T81 8871-8944 Sentence denotes Fever (84.1%) and cough (56.8%) were the most common presenting symptoms.
T82 8945-9092 Sentence denotes Low lymphocyte and white cell counts were observed in 26.4% and 25.0% of patients, while high C-reactive protein was observed in 55.0% of patients.
T83 9093-9149 Sentence denotes Table 1 Patient demographics and laboratory test results
T84 9150-9190 Sentence denotes Characteristic Patient with NCP (n = 88)
T85 9191-9215 Sentence denotes Age (years)a 42.7 ± 14.5
T86 9216-9233 Sentence denotes Age group (years)
T87 9234-9248 Sentence denotes   < 15 2 (2.3)
T88 9249-9266 Sentence denotes   15–44 48 (54.5)
T89 9267-9284 Sentence denotes   45–64 28 (31.8)
T90 9285-9301 Sentence denotes   ≥ 65 10 (11.4)
T91 9302-9320 Sentence denotes Male sex 51 (58.0)
T92 9321-9337 Sentence denotes Exposure history
T93 9338-9372 Sentence denotes   Recent travel to Wuhan 45 (51.1)
T94 9373-9414 Sentence denotes   Contact with infected patient 30 (34.1)
T95 9415-9443 Sentence denotes   Unknown exposure 13 (14.8)
T96 9444-9460 Sentence denotes Initial symptoms
T97 9461-9478 Sentence denotes   Fever 74 (84.1)
T98 9479-9496 Sentence denotes   Cough 50 (56.8)
T99 9497-9522 Sentence denotes   Expectoration 19 (21.6)
T100 9523-9542 Sentence denotes   Fatigue 15 (17.0)
T101 9543-9596 Sentence denotes   Chest distress and/or shortness of breath 12 (13.6)
T102 9597-9621 Sentence denotes   Pharyngalgia 10 (11.4)
T103 9622-9647 Sentence denotes   Muscle soreness 7 (8.0)
T104 9648-9666 Sentence denotes   Headache 5 (5.7)
T105 9667-9697 Sentence denotes   Nausea and/or vomiting 0 (0)
T106 9698-9714 Sentence denotes   Diarrhea 0 (0)
T107 9715-9744 Sentence denotes   No obvious symptoms 3 (3.4)
T108 9745-9790 Sentence denotes Laboratory testing at initial hospital visitb
T109 9791-9855 Sentence denotes   White blood cell count (–, ↑, ↓) 62 (70.5), 4 (4.5), 22 (25.0)
T110 9856-9914 Sentence denotes   Lymphocyte count (–, ↑, ↓) 62 (71.3), 2 (2.3), 23 (26.4)
T111 9915-9976 Sentence denotes   Percent lymphocytes (–, ↑, ↓) 55 (62.5), 7 (8.0), 26 (29.5)
T112 9977-10053 Sentence denotes   Percent neutrophilic granulocyte (–, ↑, ↓) 59 (67.1), 17 (19.3), 12 (13.6)
T113 10054-10113 Sentence denotes   Percent monocytes (–, ↑, ↓) 59 (67.1), 26 (29.5), 3 (3.4)
T114 10114-10166 Sentence denotes   Hemoglobin (–, ↑, ↓) 68 (77.3), 8 (9.1), 12 (13.6)
T115 10167-10212 Sentence denotes   ALT (–, ↑, ↓) 70 (79.5), 16 (18.2), 2 (2.3)
T116 10213-10256 Sentence denotes   AST (–, ↑, ↓) 73 (83.0), 15 (17.0), 0 (0)
T117 10257-10313 Sentence denotes   Creatine kinase (–, ↑, ↓) 73 (84.9), 4 (4.6), 9 (10.5)
T118 10314-10372 Sentence denotes   C-reactive protein (–, ↑, ↓) 36 (45.0), 44 (55.0), 0 (0)
T119 10373-10477 Sentence denotes Unless otherwise indicated, data are reported as the number of patients, with percentages in parentheses
T120 10478-10538 Sentence denotes ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase
T121 10539-10591 Sentence denotes aData are reported as the mean ± standard derivation
T122 10592-10700 Sentence denotes bThe signs –, ↑, and ↓ represent within, above, and below normal ranges of laboratory results, respectively.
T123 10701-11037 Sentence denotes Normal ranges of white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, percent lymphocytes, percent neutrophilic granulocyte, percent monocytes, ALT, AST, creatine kinase, hemoglobin, and C-reactive protein were 3.5–9.5 × 109/L, 1.10–3.20 × 109/L, 20–50%, 3.0–10.0%, 40–75%, 115–150 g/L, 7–40 U/L, 13–35 U/L, 40–200 U/L, and 0–10 mg/L, respectively
T124 11039-11089 Sentence denotes Evolution of CT findings in patients with COVID-19
T125 11091-11143 Sentence denotes Evolution of CT characteristics of pulmonary lesions
T126 11144-11258 Sentence denotes Figure 1 depicts the evolution of CT features of pulmonary lesions in different time intervals from disease onset.
T127 11259-11675 Sentence denotes Significant differences were found among the time intervals in the proportion of pulmonary lesions that are (1) pure GGO (χ2 = 37.97, p = 0.01), (2) mixed attenuation (GGO and consolidation) (χ2 = 12.80, p < 0.01), (3) mixed attenuation with reticular/linear opacities (χ2 = 20.57, p < 0.01), and (4) consolidation with reticular/linear opacities (χ2 = 32.49, p < 0.01) and pure consolidation (χ2 = 10.37, p = 0.03).
T128 11676-12084 Sentence denotes A significant linear decrease in the proportions of pure GGO lesions (y = 0.55–0.08x, p < 0.01) and mixed attenuation lesions (y = 0.31–0.03x, p = 0.01) and a significant linear increase in the proportions of lesion with reticular/linear opacities (mixed attenuation + linear opacities (y = 0.08 + 0.04x, p < 0.01) and consolidation + linear opacities (y = − 0.03 + 0.04x, p < 0.01)) were observed over time.
T129 12085-12171 Sentence denotes Fig. 1 Evolution of CT characteristics of pulmonary lesions in patients with COVID-19.
T130 12172-12419 Sentence denotes The time intervals after disease onset (days) were divided into 5 groups, i.e., days 0–3 (lesion number = 114), days 4–7 (lesion number = 241), days 8–10 (lesion number = 189), days 11–14 (lesion number = 178), and days 15–21 (lesion number = 95).
T131 12420-12507 Sentence denotes GGO, ground glass opacities; mixed attenuation = ground glass opacities + consolidation
T132 12509-12566 Sentence denotes Evolution of lobar distribution in patients with COVID-19
T133 12567-12745 Sentence denotes No statistically significant difference was found in the lobar distribution of pulmonary findings over different time intervals from symptom onset, but some trends were observed.
T134 12746-12860 Sentence denotes For example, the proportion of patients with fewer than 3 lobes affected decreased in the first 10 days (Fig. 2a).
T135 12861-12971 Sentence denotes The proportion of patients with three or more affected lobes was higher in all of the time intervals analyzed.
T136 12972-13186 Sentence denotes Bilateral involvement was more prevalent than unilateral involvement with a trend toward an increase in the proportion of patients with bilateral CT abnormalities in the first 2 weeks after disease onset (Fig. 2b).
T137 13187-13313 Sentence denotes Lower lobes have higher rates of involvement than the others, but the differences are not statistically significant (Fig. 2c).
T138 13314-13522 Sentence denotes Fig. 2 Evolution of lobar distribution of the (a) number of lobe affected, (b) unilateral and bilateral lobes affected, and (c) lung lobe affected in patients with COVID-19 within 21 days after disease onset.
T139 13523-13759 Sentence denotes The time after disease onset (day) is categorized as 5 groups, i.e., days 0–3 (patient number = 37), days 4–7 (patient number = 69), days 8–10 (patient number = 53), days 11–14 (patient number = 49), and days 15–21 (patient number = 25)
T140 13761-13811 Sentence denotes Evolution of CT findings in patients with COVID-19
T141 13812-13873 Sentence denotes The initial CTs of 4 out of 88 (4.5%) patients were negative.
T142 13874-13997 Sentence denotes Two of these four patients had their baseline CT during days 1–3, one during days 4–7, and one during days 8–10 of disease.
T143 13998-14124 Sentence denotes Subsequently, CT images of one patient remained negative even during days 8–10, and other patients developed CT abnormalities.
T144 14125-14390 Sentence denotes There were significant differences between the time interval groups after disease onset in proportions of patients with both GGO and consolidation (χ2 = 22.2, p < 0.01) and the combination of GGO, consolidation, and linear opacities (χ2 = 21.5, p < 0.01) (Table 2).
T145 14391-14720 Sentence denotes A proportion of patients with GGO and consolidation presented a decreasing trend during the 21 days after disease onset (y = 0.48–0.09x, p < 0.01), while a proportion of patient with all three findings including ground glass opacities, consolidation, and linear opacities presented an increasing trend (y = 0.12–0.11x, p < 0.01).
T146 14721-14840 Sentence denotes No significant difference was found in the proportions of patients with other CT findings or total lung severity score.
T147 14841-14965 Sentence denotes Table 2 Evolution of CT findings and total lung severity scores of patients with COVID-19 within 21 days after disease onset
T148 14966-15016 Sentence denotes Characteristic Time after disease onset χ2 p value
T149 15017-15111 Sentence denotes Days 0–3 (n = 37) Days 4–7 (n = 69) Days 8–10 (n = 53) Days 11–14 (n = 49) Days 15–21 (n = 25)
T150 15112-15131 Sentence denotes Pulmonary opacities
T151 15132-15195 Sentence denotes   GGO only 8 (21.6) 13 (18.8) 7 (13.2) 4 (8.2) 1 (4.0) 6.6 0.16
T152 15196-15277 Sentence denotes   GGO and consolidation 12 (32.4) 26 (37.7) 8 (15.1) 5 (10.1) 1 (4.0) 22.2 < 0.01
T153 15278-15354 Sentence denotes   GGO and linear opacities 2 (5.4) 2 (2.9) 4 (7.5) 2 (4.1) 2 (8.0) 1.87 0.76
T154 15355-15425 Sentence denotes   Consolidation only 1 (2.8) 6 (8.7) 3 (5.7) 4 (8.2) 1 (4.0) 1.98 0.74
T155 15426-15510 Sentence denotes   Consolidation and linear opacities 0 (0) 2 (2.9) 4 (7.5) 4 (8.2) 3 (12.0) 6.0 0.19
T156 15511-15615 Sentence denotes   GGO, consolidation, and linear opacities 12 (32.4) 19 (27.5) 25 (47.2) 30 (61.2) 17 (68.0) 21.5 < 0.01
T157 15616-15678 Sentence denotes   Negative CT 2 (5.4) 1 (1.5) 2 (3.8) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 4.3 0.36
T158 15679-15693 Sentence denotes Other findings
T159 15694-15770 Sentence denotes   Discrete pulmonary nodules 4 (10.8) 4 (5.8) 3 (5.7) 1 (2.0) 0 (0) 4.8 0.36
T160 15771-15823 Sentence denotes   Pleural effusion 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) – –
T161 15824-15875 Sentence denotes   Lymphadenopathy 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) – –
T162 15876-15937 Sentence denotes   Cavitation 3 (8.1) 3 (4.3) 1 (1.9) 2 (4.1) 1 (4.0) 2.1 0.72
T163 15938-15963 Sentence denotes Total lung severity score
T164 15964-16032 Sentence denotes   Mean ± SD 3.9 ± 2.7 4.8 ± 2.9 4.9 ± 2.8 5.3 ± 3.3 5.2 ± 2.8 – 0.29
T165 16033-16098 Sentence denotes   Median (range) 4 (0–10) 5 (0–12) 5 (0–11) 5 (1–13) 5 (1–11) – –
T166 16099-16137 Sentence denotes Numbers in parentheses are percentages
T167 16138-16186 Sentence denotes n number of patients, GGO ground glass opacities
T168 16187-16291 Sentence denotes None of the patients had pleural effusions or intrathoracic lymphadenopathy during the follow-up period.
T169 16292-16475 Sentence denotes Some of the patients had cavitation on CT, but these are thought to represent pre-existing conditions as none of the patients in the study cohort developed cavitation on follow-up CT.
T170 16476-16566 Sentence denotes Figures 3 and 4 show the evolution of CT findings of two patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
T171 16567-16762 Sentence denotes Fig. 3 A 54-year-old woman with exposure to a COVID-infected patient presented with fever, cough, and low back pain for 2 days and remains hospitalized. a–c CT shows left lower lobe GGO on day 2.
T172 16763-16860 Sentence denotes The total severity score is 1. d–f CT on day 7 shows a significant increase in GGO in both lungs.
T173 16861-16908 Sentence denotes The severity score of the left lower lobe is 2.
T174 16909-17005 Sentence denotes The total severity score is 5. g–i CT on day 9 shows bilateral GGO and subpleural consolidation.
T175 17006-17053 Sentence denotes The severity score of the left lower lobe is 3.
T176 17054-17155 Sentence denotes The total severity score is 9. j–l CT on day 11 shows diffuse GGO and linear opacities (thick arrow).
T177 17156-17203 Sentence denotes The severity score of the left lower lobe is 4.
T178 17204-17234 Sentence denotes The total severity score is 12
T179 17235-17458 Sentence denotes Fig. 4 A 24-year-old man with exposure to a COVID-infected patient presented with fever and cough for 1 day and remains hospitalized currently. a–e CT scan shows GGO in the subpleural left lower lobe on day 1 (thick arrow).
T180 17459-17568 Sentence denotes The overall total severity score is 1. f–j CT on day 4 shows enlarging GGO in left lower lobes (thick arrow).
T181 17569-17669 Sentence denotes The overall total severity score is 3. k–o CT on day 8 shows increased GGO in bilateral lower lobes.
T182 17670-17802 Sentence denotes The total severity score was 5. p–t CT obtained on day 11 shows bilateral ground glass opacities and linear opacities (thick arrow).
T183 17803-17944 Sentence denotes The overall total severity score was 7. u–y CT obtained on day 15 shows improvement of bilateral lower lobe GGO and atoll sign (thick arrow).
T184 17945-17982 Sentence denotes The overall total severity score is 5
T185 17984-17994 Sentence denotes Discussion
T186 17995-18103 Sentence denotes Patient demographics in terms of age and gender distributions are similar to other published studies [5, 6].
T187 18104-18269 Sentence denotes Clinical symptoms and laboratory findings also match those of other initial reports with smaller cohorts [5, 6] with fever and cough in the majority of the patients.
T188 18270-18417 Sentence denotes The majority patients had normal white blood cell count and lymphocyte counts at presentation though 26.4% of lymphocyte counts below normal range.
T189 18418-18519 Sentence denotes Of patients in this study, 85.2% had traveled from Wuhan or known contacts with infected individuals.
T190 18520-18623 Sentence denotes Notably, 14.8% of patients in this study based in Shaanxi did not have known or identifiable exposures.
T191 18624-18733 Sentence denotes The source of infection may become increasingly difficult to identify if the disease becomes more widespread.
T192 18734-18856 Sentence denotes Depending on the severity of clinical symptoms, patients do not always present within the first few days of symptom onset.
T193 18857-18957 Sentence denotes In our study cohort, the interval between symptom onset and first chest CT ranged from 1 to 15 days.
T194 18958-19033 Sentence denotes Hence, familiarity with evolution of CT findings is useful to radiologists.
T195 19034-19201 Sentence denotes Ground glass opacities are the most common CT findings within 0–3 days of symptom onsets as described in other published reports focused on initial presentations [11].
T196 19202-19374 Sentence denotes Over time, GGO remains a common finding and consolidation occurs with higher frequencies than in the early phase of disease, which means the disease is progressing rapidly.
T197 19375-19425 Sentence denotes It is different from what happened with SARS [12].
T198 19426-19491 Sentence denotes Frequency of consolidation decreases 2 weeks after symptom onset.
T199 19492-19632 Sentence denotes Reticulations and linear opacities, signs of interstitial involvement, and fibrosis become increasing prevalent later in the disease course.
T200 19633-19700 Sentence denotes The total severity score shows a slight decrease in the third week.
T201 19701-19913 Sentence denotes Cavitations were present in a small percentage of patients and likely present pre-existing conditions as none of the patients in the study cohort were observed to develop cavitation during the course of COVID-19.
T202 19914-20043 Sentence denotes Lymphadenopathy and pleural effusions were absent on all the CTs analyzed, even on scans obtained 15–21 days after symptom onset.
T203 20044-20097 Sentence denotes These findings are also similar to other reports [5].
T204 20098-20212 Sentence denotes Also similar to other published studies [13], we have observed a lower lobe predominance of pulmonary involvement.
T205 20213-20343 Sentence denotes Bilateral involvement is found in the majority of patients though a significant number of patients do have unilateral involvement.
T206 20344-20575 Sentence denotes Awareness of a significant minority of patients with only unilateral findings on CT at various time intervals is important so that radiologists do not exclude the possibility of COVID-19 simply because the findings were unilateral.
T207 20576-20651 Sentence denotes Finally, in some patients, the CT findings can be minimal or even negative.
T208 20652-20746 Sentence denotes In areas outside of China, influenza remains significantly more prevalent at the current time.
T209 20747-20865 Sentence denotes Common imaging findings of influenza virus–associated pneumonia include GGO, consolidation, and a combination of both.
T210 20866-20953 Sentence denotes Pleural effusion, if present, is usually minimal, and lymphadenopathy is rare [14, 15].
T211 20954-21003 Sentence denotes Organizing pneumonia has also been reported [16].
T212 21004-21210 Sentence denotes There are recent publications that have suggested that CT findings of COVID-19 are similar to the organizing pneumonia (OP) pattern observed from post viral or atypical infections and other etiologies [17].
T213 21211-21420 Sentence denotes Despite a study discussing the nonspecific nature of COVID-19 pneumonia [18], a recent publication suggests that radiologists are able to differentiate COVID-19 from other viral pneumonia on CT [5, 6, 18, 19].
T214 21421-21555 Sentence denotes Laboratory testing for the novel coronavirus is time-consuming, and there are reports of shortage of test kits in some locations [20].
T215 21556-21654 Sentence denotes As we learned increasingly, initial laboratory tests for coronavirus can be falsely negative [20].
T216 21655-21912 Sentence denotes Therefore, the presence of suspicious CT findings in patients, correlated with a number of days after symptom onset, should prompt repeat laboratory testing and consideration of respiratory isolation in patients with appropriate travel and exposure history.
T217 21913-22064 Sentence denotes Limitations of our study include the retrospective nature of the study where all patients in the cohort presented to healthcare setting for evaluation.
T218 22065-22291 Sentence denotes It is possible that there are infected individuals within the population with subclinical or mild clinical symptoms who did not present for care and the findings reported here are skewed toward those who were more symptomatic.
T219 22292-22421 Sentence denotes Additionally, many of the more critically ill patients were transferred to other hospitals which were not included in this study.
T220 22422-22584 Sentence denotes Our data were collected from six sites with variable CT scanning parameters though the data heterogeneity reflects the different practice parameters and settings.
T221 22585-22783 Sentence denotes The patients did not have CT studies at regular intervals as often is the case in the clinical setting where the timing of imaging is dependent on the clinical course and different for each patient.
T222 22784-22927 Sentence denotes Finally, even though the study describes evolution of CT findings, the chronic alterations in the pulmonary parenchyma remain to be determined.
T223 22928-22963 Sentence denotes A longer follow-up would be needed.
T224 22964-23198 Sentence denotes In conclusion, CT findings of patients with mild COVID-19 outside of Wuhan include predominance of GGO in the early phase with an increase in the frequency of consolidation and linear opacities over the 3 weeks post onset of symptoms.
T225 23199-23270 Sentence denotes A small percentage of patients can have no or minimal CT abnormalities.
T226 23271-23523 Sentence denotes Given that laboratory tests for the novel coronavirus can be falsely negative, radiologists play a key role in identifying suspicious CT findings based on time interval from the onset of symptoms and guide further evaluation and management of patients.
T227 23525-23541 Sentence denotes Publisher’s note
T228 23542-23660 Sentence denotes Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
T229 23661-23717 Sentence denotes Ting Liang and Zhe Liu contributed equally to this work.
T230 23719-23738 Sentence denotes Funding information
T231 23739-23905 Sentence denotes This study has received funding by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0100300); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.
T232 23906-24100 Sentence denotes 81171317, 81471631, 81771810, and 51706178), the 2011 New Century Excellent Talent Support Plan of the Ministry of Education, China (NCET-11-0438); the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.
T233 24101-24213 Sentence denotes 2017M613145); and the Clinical Research Award of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University (No.
T234 24214-24236 Sentence denotes XJTU1AF-CRF-2015-004).
T235 24238-24271 Sentence denotes Compliance with ethical standards
T236 24273-24282 Sentence denotes Guarantor
T237 24283-24426 Sentence denotes The scientific guarantor of this publication is Jian Yang, Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University.
T238 24428-24448 Sentence denotes Conflict of interest
T239 24449-24508 Sentence denotes The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
T240 24510-24533 Sentence denotes Statistics and biometry
T241 24534-24595 Sentence denotes No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.
T242 24597-24613 Sentence denotes Informed consent
T243 24614-24695 Sentence denotes Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects (patients) in this study.
T244 24697-24713 Sentence denotes Ethical approval
T245 24714-24824 Sentence denotes This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University.
T246 24825-24874 Sentence denotes Institutional review board approval was obtained.
T247 24876-24887 Sentence denotes Methodology
T248 24888-24903 Sentence denotes • retrospective
T249 24904-24936 Sentence denotes • diagnostic or prognostic study
T250 24937-24968 Sentence denotes • performed at six institutions

MyTest

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