PMC:7152911 / 95727-97423 JSONTXT

{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"1624","span":{"begin":1441,"end":1443},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1625","span":{"begin":1296,"end":1298},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1626","span":{"begin":1144,"end":1153},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1627","span":{"begin":1551,"end":1560},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1628","span":{"begin":1109,"end":1115},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1629","span":{"begin":1238,"end":1240},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1630","span":{"begin":1341,"end":1344},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1631","span":{"begin":1366,"end":1373},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1632","span":{"begin":1507,"end":1510},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1633","span":{"begin":1518,"end":1524},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1624","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1624","obj":"Gene:21832"},{"id":"A1625","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1625","obj":"Gene:21832"},{"id":"A1626","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1626","obj":"Tax:5807"},{"id":"A1627","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1627","obj":"Tax:1280"},{"id":"A1628","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1628","obj":"MESH:D002244"},{"id":"A1629","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1629","obj":"MESH:D006046"},{"id":"A1631","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1631","obj":"MESH:D000537"},{"id":"A1633","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1633","obj":"MESH:D002244"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"3.3.2.2 Pulse voltammetry\nPulse voltammetry is a type of voltammetry in which the electrical potential is applied in pulses. The technique has the advantage of improved speed and sensitivity relative to traditional voltammetric techniques (Bard and Faulkner, 2000; Molina and González, 2016). In staircase voltammetry, the electrical potential is pulsed in a series of stair steps and the current is measured following each step change, which reduces the effect of capacitive charging on the current signal. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) is a type of staircase voltammetry that applies a symmetric square-wave pulse superimposed on a staircase potential waveform. The forward pulse of the waveform coincides with the staircase step. In differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the electrical potential is scanned with a series of fixed amplitude pulses and superimposed on a changing base potential. The current is measured before the pulse application and again at the end of the pulse, which allows for the decay of the nonfaradaic current (Scott, 2016).\nFor example, Iqbal et al. used SWV with AuNP-modified carbon electrodes for detection of C. parvum in samples taken from fruit (Iqbal et al. 2015). Kitajima et al. also used SWV with Au microelectrodes to detect norovirus at a LOD of 10 PFU/mL (Kitajima et al. 2016). Cheng et al. used DPV and a nanostructured alumina electrode for detection of dengue type 2 virus with a LOD of 1 PFU/mL (Cheng et al. 2012). As shown in Fig. 5b, Bhardwaj et al. used DPV with a carbon-based electrode to detect S. aureus (Bhardwaj et al. 2017). Additional studies that utilize pulse voltammetry methods forpathogen detection are listed in Table 1, Table 2."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T78","span":{"begin":1401,"end":1407},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A78","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T78","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005502"}],"text":"3.3.2.2 Pulse voltammetry\nPulse voltammetry is a type of voltammetry in which the electrical potential is applied in pulses. The technique has the advantage of improved speed and sensitivity relative to traditional voltammetric techniques (Bard and Faulkner, 2000; Molina and González, 2016). In staircase voltammetry, the electrical potential is pulsed in a series of stair steps and the current is measured following each step change, which reduces the effect of capacitive charging on the current signal. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) is a type of staircase voltammetry that applies a symmetric square-wave pulse superimposed on a staircase potential waveform. The forward pulse of the waveform coincides with the staircase step. In differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the electrical potential is scanned with a series of fixed amplitude pulses and superimposed on a changing base potential. The current is measured before the pulse application and again at the end of the pulse, which allows for the decay of the nonfaradaic current (Scott, 2016).\nFor example, Iqbal et al. used SWV with AuNP-modified carbon electrodes for detection of C. parvum in samples taken from fruit (Iqbal et al. 2015). Kitajima et al. also used SWV with Au microelectrodes to detect norovirus at a LOD of 10 PFU/mL (Kitajima et al. 2016). Cheng et al. used DPV and a nanostructured alumina electrode for detection of dengue type 2 virus with a LOD of 1 PFU/mL (Cheng et al. 2012). As shown in Fig. 5b, Bhardwaj et al. used DPV with a carbon-based electrode to detect S. aureus (Bhardwaj et al. 2017). Additional studies that utilize pulse voltammetry methods forpathogen detection are listed in Table 1, Table 2."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T642","span":{"begin":48,"end":49},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T643","span":{"begin":140,"end":143},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T644","span":{"begin":358,"end":359},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T645","span":{"begin":501,"end":507},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418"},{"id":"T646","span":{"begin":542,"end":543},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T647","span":{"begin":587,"end":588},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T648","span":{"begin":633,"end":634},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T649","span":{"begin":816,"end":817},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T650","span":{"begin":871,"end":872},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T651","span":{"begin":1280,"end":1281},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T652","span":{"begin":1349,"end":1350},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T653","span":{"begin":1415,"end":1420},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T654","span":{"begin":1426,"end":1427},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T655","span":{"begin":1516,"end":1517},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"}],"text":"3.3.2.2 Pulse voltammetry\nPulse voltammetry is a type of voltammetry in which the electrical potential is applied in pulses. The technique has the advantage of improved speed and sensitivity relative to traditional voltammetric techniques (Bard and Faulkner, 2000; Molina and González, 2016). In staircase voltammetry, the electrical potential is pulsed in a series of stair steps and the current is measured following each step change, which reduces the effect of capacitive charging on the current signal. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) is a type of staircase voltammetry that applies a symmetric square-wave pulse superimposed on a staircase potential waveform. The forward pulse of the waveform coincides with the staircase step. In differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the electrical potential is scanned with a series of fixed amplitude pulses and superimposed on a changing base potential. The current is measured before the pulse application and again at the end of the pulse, which allows for the decay of the nonfaradaic current (Scott, 2016).\nFor example, Iqbal et al. used SWV with AuNP-modified carbon electrodes for detection of C. parvum in samples taken from fruit (Iqbal et al. 2015). Kitajima et al. also used SWV with Au microelectrodes to detect norovirus at a LOD of 10 PFU/mL (Kitajima et al. 2016). Cheng et al. used DPV and a nanostructured alumina electrode for detection of dengue type 2 virus with a LOD of 1 PFU/mL (Cheng et al. 2012). As shown in Fig. 5b, Bhardwaj et al. used DPV with a carbon-based electrode to detect S. aureus (Bhardwaj et al. 2017). Additional studies that utilize pulse voltammetry methods forpathogen detection are listed in Table 1, Table 2."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T197","span":{"begin":882,"end":886},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T43582","span":{"begin":939,"end":950},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T16502","span":{"begin":1095,"end":1099},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T14779","span":{"begin":1109,"end":1115},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T202","span":{"begin":1238,"end":1240},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T27284","span":{"begin":1366,"end":1373},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T73919","span":{"begin":1518,"end":1524},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A23524","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T197","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22695"},{"id":"A57845","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T43582","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232"},{"id":"A66247","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T16502","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50825"},{"id":"A71274","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T14779","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594"},{"id":"A23660","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T14779","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415"},{"id":"A10903","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T202","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287"},{"id":"A29452","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T27284","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30187"},{"id":"A66597","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T73919","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594"},{"id":"A16266","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T73919","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415"}],"text":"3.3.2.2 Pulse voltammetry\nPulse voltammetry is a type of voltammetry in which the electrical potential is applied in pulses. The technique has the advantage of improved speed and sensitivity relative to traditional voltammetric techniques (Bard and Faulkner, 2000; Molina and González, 2016). In staircase voltammetry, the electrical potential is pulsed in a series of stair steps and the current is measured following each step change, which reduces the effect of capacitive charging on the current signal. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) is a type of staircase voltammetry that applies a symmetric square-wave pulse superimposed on a staircase potential waveform. The forward pulse of the waveform coincides with the staircase step. In differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the electrical potential is scanned with a series of fixed amplitude pulses and superimposed on a changing base potential. The current is measured before the pulse application and again at the end of the pulse, which allows for the decay of the nonfaradaic current (Scott, 2016).\nFor example, Iqbal et al. used SWV with AuNP-modified carbon electrodes for detection of C. parvum in samples taken from fruit (Iqbal et al. 2015). Kitajima et al. also used SWV with Au microelectrodes to detect norovirus at a LOD of 10 PFU/mL (Kitajima et al. 2016). Cheng et al. used DPV and a nanostructured alumina electrode for detection of dengue type 2 virus with a LOD of 1 PFU/mL (Cheng et al. 2012). As shown in Fig. 5b, Bhardwaj et al. used DPV with a carbon-based electrode to detect S. aureus (Bhardwaj et al. 2017). Additional studies that utilize pulse voltammetry methods forpathogen detection are listed in Table 1, Table 2."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T785","span":{"begin":0,"end":26},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T786","span":{"begin":27,"end":125},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T787","span":{"begin":126,"end":293},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T788","span":{"begin":294,"end":508},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T789","span":{"begin":509,"end":664},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T790","span":{"begin":665,"end":733},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T791","span":{"begin":734,"end":897},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T792","span":{"begin":898,"end":1054},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T793","span":{"begin":1055,"end":1195},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T794","span":{"begin":1196,"end":1202},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T795","span":{"begin":1203,"end":1315},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T796","span":{"begin":1316,"end":1322},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T797","span":{"begin":1323,"end":1457},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T798","span":{"begin":1458,"end":1464},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T799","span":{"begin":1465,"end":1577},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T800","span":{"begin":1578,"end":1584},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T801","span":{"begin":1585,"end":1696},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"3.3.2.2 Pulse voltammetry\nPulse voltammetry is a type of voltammetry in which the electrical potential is applied in pulses. The technique has the advantage of improved speed and sensitivity relative to traditional voltammetric techniques (Bard and Faulkner, 2000; Molina and González, 2016). In staircase voltammetry, the electrical potential is pulsed in a series of stair steps and the current is measured following each step change, which reduces the effect of capacitive charging on the current signal. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) is a type of staircase voltammetry that applies a symmetric square-wave pulse superimposed on a staircase potential waveform. The forward pulse of the waveform coincides with the staircase step. In differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the electrical potential is scanned with a series of fixed amplitude pulses and superimposed on a changing base potential. The current is measured before the pulse application and again at the end of the pulse, which allows for the decay of the nonfaradaic current (Scott, 2016).\nFor example, Iqbal et al. used SWV with AuNP-modified carbon electrodes for detection of C. parvum in samples taken from fruit (Iqbal et al. 2015). Kitajima et al. also used SWV with Au microelectrodes to detect norovirus at a LOD of 10 PFU/mL (Kitajima et al. 2016). Cheng et al. used DPV and a nanostructured alumina electrode for detection of dengue type 2 virus with a LOD of 1 PFU/mL (Cheng et al. 2012). As shown in Fig. 5b, Bhardwaj et al. used DPV with a carbon-based electrode to detect S. aureus (Bhardwaj et al. 2017). Additional studies that utilize pulse voltammetry methods forpathogen detection are listed in Table 1, Table 2."}

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32364936-22502614-7713130","span":{"begin":1458,"end":1462},"obj":"22502614"}],"text":"3.3.2.2 Pulse voltammetry\nPulse voltammetry is a type of voltammetry in which the electrical potential is applied in pulses. The technique has the advantage of improved speed and sensitivity relative to traditional voltammetric techniques (Bard and Faulkner, 2000; Molina and González, 2016). In staircase voltammetry, the electrical potential is pulsed in a series of stair steps and the current is measured following each step change, which reduces the effect of capacitive charging on the current signal. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) is a type of staircase voltammetry that applies a symmetric square-wave pulse superimposed on a staircase potential waveform. The forward pulse of the waveform coincides with the staircase step. In differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the electrical potential is scanned with a series of fixed amplitude pulses and superimposed on a changing base potential. The current is measured before the pulse application and again at the end of the pulse, which allows for the decay of the nonfaradaic current (Scott, 2016).\nFor example, Iqbal et al. used SWV with AuNP-modified carbon electrodes for detection of C. parvum in samples taken from fruit (Iqbal et al. 2015). Kitajima et al. also used SWV with Au microelectrodes to detect norovirus at a LOD of 10 PFU/mL (Kitajima et al. 2016). Cheng et al. used DPV and a nanostructured alumina electrode for detection of dengue type 2 virus with a LOD of 1 PFU/mL (Cheng et al. 2012). As shown in Fig. 5b, Bhardwaj et al. used DPV with a carbon-based electrode to detect S. aureus (Bhardwaj et al. 2017). Additional studies that utilize pulse voltammetry methods forpathogen detection are listed in Table 1, Table 2."}