| Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
| T605 |
0-72 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2.4 Thermodynamics of pathogen-biorecognition element binding reactions |
| T606 |
73-334 |
Sentence |
denotes |
While the rate of biosensor response is typically governed by a mass transfer-limited heterogeneous reaction between the immobilized biorecognition element and target species, the net change in the biosensor response is dependent on the reaction thermodynamics. |
| T607 |
335-524 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The binding affinity between a biorecognition element and target species, such as an antibody and antigen, is often reported in terms of a dissociation constant (K D), which has units of M. |
| T608 |
525-735 |
Sentence |
denotes |
While the value of K D, solution = 1 nM provides a reasonable estimate for biosensor design considerations, such as understanding the mass transfer limitations associated with biosensor response (Squires et al. |
| T609 |
736-882 |
Sentence |
denotes |
2008), the binding affinity of antibodies can vary by orders of magnitude depending on the pathogen of interest and the clonality of the antibody. |
| T610 |
883-1026 |
Sentence |
denotes |
One important consideration when immobilizing biorecognition elements is potential effects of immobilization on binding affinity to the target. |
| T611 |
1027-1099 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Traditionally, K D is obtained from a kinetic or thermodynamic analysis. |
| T612 |
1100-1238 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Kinetic analyses measure association and dissociation rate constants (k a and k d, respectively) and enable calculation of K D as k d/k a. |
| T613 |
1239-1533 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Thermodynamic analyses, such as calorimetric techniques, measure the binding enthalpy and entropy, which in turn provides the standard Gibbs free energy of the reaction (ΔG°), and thus, K A = K D −1 though the expression K A = exp(-ΔG°/RT), where R is the gas constant and T is the temperature. |
| T614 |
1534-1723 |
Sentence |
denotes |
A detailed discussion of the kinetics and thermodynamics of biorecognition element-target binding reactions for solution- and surface-based biosensors is provided in Supporting Information. |
