PMC:7152911 / 139730-140830 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7152911","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7152911","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7152911","text":"Here, we provided a critical review of electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection. Biosensor transduction elements and biorecognition elements for electrochemical pathogen detection were reviewed. Bacteria remain the most commonly detected pathogens using electrochemical biosensors, though the detection of viruses and protozoa have been increasingly examined over the past five years. Electrochemical biosensors now exhibit LODs as low as a single plaque-forming unit (PFU)/mL and colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL and dynamic ranges that span multiple orders of magnitude. While planar Au electrodes remain the most commonly utilized working electrode, nanostructured electrodes derived from a variety of engineering materials, including polymers and composites, have been increasingly examined. Present challenges and future directions in the field were discussed, including a need for further low-cost, reusable, and wearable biosensors. Electrochemical biosensors offer great potential as resources for improving global healthcare, such as preventing the spread of highly contagious diseases.","tracks":[{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"2033","span":{"begin":483,"end":485},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2034","span":{"begin":516,"end":518},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2035","span":{"begin":591,"end":593},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A2033","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2033","obj":"Gene:21832"},{"id":"A2034","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2034","obj":"Gene:21832"},{"id":"A2035","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2035","obj":"MESH:D006046"},{"subj":"2033","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2034","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"2035","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T252","span":{"begin":18,"end":19},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T253","span":{"begin":204,"end":212},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2"},{"id":"T254","span":{"begin":315,"end":322},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T255","span":{"begin":448,"end":449},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T256","span":{"begin":697,"end":698},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T257","span":{"begin":849,"end":854},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688"},{"id":"T258","span":{"begin":881,"end":882},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T252","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T253","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T254","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T255","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T256","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T257","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T258","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T43035","span":{"begin":591,"end":593},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T16582","span":{"begin":743,"end":751},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A75028","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T43035","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287"},{"id":"A89249","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T16582","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33839"},{"subj":"T43035","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T16582","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":100,"end":112},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009293"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":302,"end":322},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009597"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T26","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"},{"subj":"T27","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T1135","span":{"begin":0,"end":89},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1136","span":{"begin":90,"end":203},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1137","span":{"begin":204,"end":393},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1138","span":{"begin":394,"end":577},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1139","span":{"begin":578,"end":800},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1140","span":{"begin":801,"end":944},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T1141","span":{"begin":945,"end":1100},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1135","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T1136","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T1137","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T1138","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T1139","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T1140","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T1141","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"LitCovid-PubTator","color":"#93d1ec","default":true},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","color":"#ebec93"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","color":"#d393ec"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","color":"#93ecb9"},{"id":"LitCovid-sentences","color":"#ec9f93"}]}]}}