PMC:7152911 / 107913-111958 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
1731 3363-3370 Species denotes E. coli Tax:562
1732 3179-3186 Chemical denotes glucose MESH:D005947
1733 3205-3222 Chemical denotes hydrogen peroxide MESH:D006861
1744 2670-2672 Gene denotes mL Gene:21832
1745 2345-2347 Gene denotes mL Gene:21832
1746 2322-2329 Species denotes E. coli Tax:562
1747 2538-2552 Species denotes S. typhimurium Tax:90371
1748 2453-2467 Species denotes S. typhimurium Tax:90371
1749 2092-2094 Chemical denotes Au MESH:D006046
1750 2260-2268 Chemical denotes thionine MESH:C009469
1751 2293-2297 Chemical denotes H2O2 MESH:D006861
1752 2417-2424 Chemical denotes glucose MESH:D005947
1753 2581-2588 Chemical denotes glucose MESH:D005947
1756 3637-3644 Species denotes E. coli Tax:562
1757 3621-3623 Chemical denotes Au MESH:D006046

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T5 1891-1899 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T6 2173-2181 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T7 2269-2277 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T8 2417-2424 Body_part denotes glucose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82743
T9 2581-2588 Body_part denotes glucose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82743
T10 3179-3186 Body_part denotes glucose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82743
T11 3593-3601 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T51 121-126 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes label
T52 269-275 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes labels
T53 390-398 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes labeling
T54 410-416 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T55 830-837 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes labeled
T56 920-921 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T57 951-952 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T58 1089-1095 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes Labels
T59 1110-1111 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T60 1219-1225 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes labels
T61 1367-1368 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T62 1420-1426 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T63 1622-1627 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes label
T64 1771-1772 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T65 1796-1797 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T66 1930-1931 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T67 1977-1984 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes labeled
T68 2045-2046 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T69 2060-2061 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T70 2354-2355 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T71 2499-2505 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes labels
T72 2629-2630 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T73 2655-2658 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054060 denotes 102
T74 2734-2740 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T75 2830-2831 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T76 2911-2918 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes labeled
T77 2942-2943 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T78 2975-2976 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T79 3113-3114 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T80 3277-3278 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes b
T81 3280-3286 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes Signal
T82 3450-3453 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T83 3674-3675 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T84 3998-3999 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T47003 121-126 Chemical denotes label http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35209
T85992 1146-1158 Chemical denotes nanoparticle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T79871 1622-1627 Chemical denotes label http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35209
T38535 2028-2031 Chemical denotes EIS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73498
T3489 2092-2094 Chemical denotes Au http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287
T53259 2260-2268 Chemical denotes thionine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52295
T27782 2293-2297 Chemical denotes H2O2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16240
T3704 2417-2424 Chemical denotes glucose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17234|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4167
T88418 2559-2561 Chemical denotes Au http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287
T37293 2573-2576 Chemical denotes EIS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73498
T37013 2581-2588 Chemical denotes glucose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17234|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4167
T63449 2945-2953 Chemical denotes electron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545
T53377 3179-3186 Chemical denotes glucose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17234|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4167
T87981 3205-3222 Chemical denotes hydrogen peroxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16240
T8061 3205-3213 Chemical denotes hydrogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T99997 3214-3222 Chemical denotes peroxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_44785
T8111 3436-3449 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T11677 3574-3577 Chemical denotes EIS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73498
T77112 3621-3623 Chemical denotes Au http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287
T75675 3729-3742 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T19344 3986-3994 Chemical denotes reagents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33893

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T2 1289-1298 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006810 denotes transport
T3 2945-2962 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0022904 denotes electron transfer

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T885 0-33 Sentence denotes 3.4 Secondary binding approaches
T886 34-142 Sentence denotes Electrochemical biosensors would ideally produce sensitive and selective results using label-free protocols.
T887 143-343 Sentence denotes However, secondary binding reactions are sometimes required to facilitate the robust detection of pathogens that lack initial labels depending on the biosensor characteristics and measurement demands.
T888 344-467 Sentence denotes Secondary binding steps can facilitate target labeling, biosensor signal amplification, and verification of target binding.
T889 468-640 Sentence denotes Secondary binding steps provide useful in situ controls and can increase sensitivity, LOD, dynamic range, and measurement confidence (e.g., verification of target binding).
T890 641-768 Sentence denotes Secondary binding steps also provide opportunities for acquiring additional bioanalytical information about the target species.
T891 769-931 Sentence denotes Here, we classify assays that use secondary binding steps as labeled approaches in Table 1, Table 2 regardless of if the primary binding step produced a response.
T892 932-1088 Sentence denotes There is, however, a more subtle distinction if binding of the secondary species is used for amplification or verification purposes as previously discussed.
T893 1089-1169 Sentence denotes Labels often include a biorecognition element-enzyme or -nanoparticle conjugate.
T894 1170-1388 Sentence denotes In electrochemical biosensing applications, such labels often serve the purpose of altering the material properties or transport processes of the electrode-electrolyte interface, often by inducing a secondary reaction.
T895 1389-1550 Sentence denotes Secondary binding of optically-active nanomaterials to captured targets can also enable the use of optical transducers for simultaneous detection or bioanalysis.
T896 1551-1653 Sentence denotes Enzymes are among the most commonly used secondary binding species for label-based pathogen detection.
T897 1654-1795 Sentence denotes As shown in Table 2, electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection that employ enzymes are commonly performed as a sandwich assay format.
T898 1796-1948 Sentence denotes A schematic of secondary binding steps for biosensor amplification based on the binding of HRP-antibody conjugates is shown in Fig. 6 a (Kokkinos et al.
T899 1949-1955 Sentence denotes 2016).
T900 1956-2137 Sentence denotes Hong et al. used HRP-labeled secondary antibodies to amplify the CV and EIS responses of a concanavalin A-functionalized nanostructured Au electrode to detect norovirus (Hong et al.
T901 2138-2144 Sentence denotes 2015).
T902 2145-2394 Sentence denotes Gayathri et al. used an HRP-antibody conjugate to induce an enzyme-assisted reduction reaction with an immobilized thionine-antibody receptor in an H2O2 system for detection of E. coli down to 50 CFU/mL using a sandwich assay format (Gayathri et al.
T903 2395-2401 Sentence denotes 2016).
T904 2402-2683 Sentence denotes Xu et al. used glucose oxidase and monoclonal anti-S. typhimurium to functionalize magnetic bead labels for separation and detection of S. typhimurium on an Au IDAM using EIS and glucose to catalyze the reaction that exhibited a linear working range of 102 to 106 CFU/mL (Xu et al.
T905 2684-2691 Sentence denotes 2016b).
T906 2692-3269 Sentence denotes Fig. 6 Highlight of secondary binding and signal amplification approaches utilized in electrochemical biosensor-based pathogen detection. a) Four amplification approaches associated with the secondary binding of enzyme-labeled secondary antibodies: (A) electron transfer mediation; (B) nanostructuring of surface for increased rate of charge transfer kinetics; (C) conversion of electrochemically inactive substrate into a detectable electroactive product; (D) catalysis of oxidation of glucose for production of hydrogen peroxide for electrochemical detection (Kokkinos et al.
T907 3270-3383 Sentence denotes 2016). b) Signal amplification via non-selective binding of AuNPs to bound bacterial target (E. coli) (Wan et al.
T908 3384-3390 Sentence denotes 2016).
T909 3391-3492 Sentence denotes In addition to enzymes, secondary binding of nanoparticles has also been used for pathogen detection.
T910 3493-3666 Sentence denotes As shown in Fig. 6b, Wan et al. utilized non-functionalized AuNPs to amplify the EIS response of an antibody-immobilized planar Au electrode to E. coli detection (Wan et al.
T911 3667-3673 Sentence denotes 2016).
T912 3674-3766 Sentence denotes A detailed overview of studies that employ enzymes and nanoparticles is provided in Table 2.
T913 3767-4045 Sentence denotes We remind the reader that while secondary binding steps are useful techniques, assays that avoid secondary binding steps have advantages for bioprocess monitoring and control applications, as they avoid the addition of reagents to a process that may compromise product quality).

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32364936-25254625-7713148 2138-2142 25254625 denotes 2015
32364936-27040944-7713149 2395-2399 27040944 denotes 2016
32364936-26796138-7713151 3384-3388 26796138 denotes 2016
32364936-26796138-7713152 3667-3671 26796138 denotes 2016