> top > docs > PMC:7143628 > spans > 45-7443 > annotations

PMC:7143628 / 45-7443 JSONTXT

Annnotations TAB JSON ListView MergeView

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
17 303-334 Gene denotes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Gene:59272
18 336-340 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
19 151-198 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Tax:2697049
20 200-210 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
21 217-233 Species denotes 2019 coronavirus Tax:2697049
22 252-260 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
23 297-302 Species denotes human Tax:9606
24 343-353 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
25 724-735 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
26 0-24 Disease denotes Coronavirus disease 2019 MESH:C000657245
27 38-46 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
28 62-80 Disease denotes infectious disease MESH:D003141
29 111-119 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
30 592-601 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
31 778-786 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
52 1217-1225 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
53 1593-1599 Species denotes people Tax:9606
54 1818-1824 Species denotes people Tax:9606
55 2253-2261 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
56 2365-2376 Species denotes Coronavirus Tax:11118
57 2813-2820 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
58 3043-3051 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
59 3575-3583 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
60 3973-3978 Species denotes human Tax:9606
61 1208-1216 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
62 1435-1443 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
63 1444-1453 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
64 1563-1569 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
65 1837-1845 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
66 1892-1900 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
67 2129-2137 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
68 2507-2515 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
69 3034-3042 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
70 3382-3390 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
71 3886-3901 Disease denotes infected saliva MESH:D007239
83 4316-4323 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
84 4488-4496 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
85 4561-4569 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
86 4610-4618 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
87 4808-4815 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
88 4925-4932 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
89 4387-4395 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
90 4576-4584 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
91 4658-4666 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
92 4739-4744 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
93 4916-4924 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
97 5031-5039 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
98 5168-5176 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
99 5291-5307 Disease denotes cross-infections MESH:D003428
105 5509-5517 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
106 5959-5967 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
107 6085-6093 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
108 5706-5714 Disease denotes coughing MESH:D003371
109 6000-6008 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
112 6221-6227 Chemical denotes copper MESH:D003300
113 6755-6760 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
117 7111-7122 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
118 7285-7293 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
119 7294-7303 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 1047-1051 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T2 2347-2351 Body_part denotes Face http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728
T3 3226-3232 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T4 3759-3765 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T5 3895-3901 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T6 3979-3985 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T7 4120-4126 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T8 6306-6310 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T9 6679-6695 Body_part denotes hand and surface http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma25240

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 1047-1051 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T2 2347-2351 Body_part denotes Face http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456
T3 3226-3232 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836
T4 3759-3765 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836
T5 3838-3843 Body_part denotes hands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T6 3895-3901 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836
T7 3979-3985 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836
T8 4120-4126 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836
T9 6306-6310 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T10 6679-6683 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T2 0-24 Disease denotes Coronavirus disease 2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T3 38-46 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T4 62-80 Disease denotes infectious disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T5 111-119 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T6 151-198 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T7 151-184 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T8 200-208 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T9 252-260 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T10 343-351 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T11 592-601 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T12 778-786 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T13 1435-1443 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T14 1444-1453 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T15 2507-2515 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T16 3034-3042 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T17 3382-3390 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T18 4055-4065 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T19 4387-4395 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T20 5052-5062 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T21 5291-5307 Disease denotes cross-infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0043544
T22 6316-6326 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T23 7285-7293 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T24 7294-7303 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 120-123 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T2 269-272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T3 297-302 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T4 503-515 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organization
T5 626-629 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T6 722-723 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T7 892-895 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T8 972-973 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T9 1150-1151 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T10 1687-1697 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T11 1780-1783 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001343 denotes aim
T12 2347-2351 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes Face
T13 2697-2698 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T14 3247-3248 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T15 3633-3634 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T16 3687-3692 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T17 3817-3822 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T18 3845-3852 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000030 denotes objects
T19 3973-3978 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T20 4107-4112 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T21 4149-4150 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T22 4737-4738 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T23 4782-4783 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T24 5236-5243 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes devices
T25 5579-5584 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T26 5672-5677 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T27 6191-6192 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T28 6252-6257 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T29 6381-6383 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001382 denotes 48
T30 6445-6450 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T31 6475-6486 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes instruments
T32 6561-6562 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T33 6720-6725 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T34 6857-6867 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T35 6901-6904 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T36 6917-6918 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T37 7012-7015 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T38 7360-7361 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T39 7373-7374 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 303-314 Chemical denotes angiotensin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433
T2 858-869 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T3 4012-4022 Chemical denotes antiseptic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48218
T4 6049-6061 Chemical denotes disinfectant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48219
T5 6221-6227 Chemical denotes copper http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30052
T7 6755-6760 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T8 7375-7379 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 4739-4744 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T2 5706-5714 Phenotype denotes coughing http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 996-1002 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 denotes growth
T2 5849-5857 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015297 denotes exchange

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T3 0-110 Sentence denotes Coronavirus disease 2019, also called COVID-19, is the latest infectious disease to rapidly develop worldwide.
T4 111-342 Sentence denotes COVID-19 has as its etiologic agent the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): the 2019 coronavirus is different from SARS-CoV, but it has the same host receptor: human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2).
T5 343-587 Sentence denotes SARS-CoV-2 was first discovered in 2019 in Wuhan, China, unfortunately spreading globally, resulting in the 2019–2020 pandemic, as declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC).
T6 588-736 Sentence denotes The infection started in Asia, but it has rapidly spread across the world: according to the WHO, this is the first pandemic caused by a coronavirus.
T7 737-1033 Sentence denotes Against this landscape, the treatment of COVID-19 is based on containment measures: in China and South Korea, the severe application of such interventions has regularly and drastically reduced new cases, and this experience shows that a reversion of epidemic growth is possible in the short-term.
T8 1034-1226 Sentence denotes On the other hand, in Italy, the reported cases have grown impressively over time, leading to the country obtaining a prominent position in the international scenario of the infected patients.
T9 1227-1574 Sentence denotes This emerging pandemic and its severe outbreak in the Italian population have induced the Italian Government first and then the European Union to promote drastic impact measures to “flatten the curve” of the COVID-19 infection and in turn avoid health systems (in particular, intensive care units) being overwhelmed, resulting in fewer deaths [1].
T10 1575-1937 Sentence denotes The limitation of people circulating outside their home, social distancing, the cessation of almost all working activities and the request to the population to use protective masks and gloves all have the aim of minimizing the likelihood that people who are not infected come into contact with others who are already infected and probably still asymptomatic [2].
T11 1938-2169 Sentence denotes As always happens, healthcare professionals have been immediately involved in the national emergency, working hard, often day and night: unfortunately, small numbers of them have also become infected, and some have tragically died.
T12 2170-2262 Sentence denotes Dentists are often the first line of diagnosis, as they work in close contact with patients.
T13 2263-2566 Sentence denotes On 15 March 2020, the New York Times published an article entitled “The Workers Who Face the Greatest Coronavirus Risk”, where an impressive schematic figure described that dentists are the workers most exposed to the risk of being affected by COVID-19, much more than nurses and general physicians [3].
T14 2567-2836 Sentence denotes To take significant actions against this harmful disease, the American Dental Association updated its webpage in March, including a link to frequently asked questions from member dentists covering topics such as personal protective equipment and patient communications.
T15 2837-3056 Sentence denotes Recently, an interesting paper written by researchers from Wuhan University School and Hospital of Stomatology was published with several recommendations for dentists and dental students to manage COVID-19 patients [4].
T16 3057-3326 Sentence denotes Dentists have been recommended to take several personal protection measures and avoid or minimize operations that can produce droplets or aerosols; moreover, the use of saliva ejectors with a low volume or high volume can reduce the production of droplets and aerosols.
T17 3327-3632 Sentence denotes Taking into consideration the severity of the pandemic COVID-19, and in the light of the massive commitment of several dental associations and the most prestigious dental journals, it is essential to give clear and easy guidelines to manage dental patients and to make working dentists safe from any risk.
T18 3633-3934 Sentence denotes A fundamental concept is that the transmission of the virus is mainly through inhalation/ingestion/direct mucous contact with saliva droplets; it is also critical to remember that the virus can survive on hands, objects or surfaces that were exposed to infected saliva in the previous nine days [4,5].
T19 3935-4133 Sentence denotes Since the viral load contained in the human saliva is very high, rinses with antiseptic mouthwashes can only reduce the infectious amount but are not able to eliminate the virus in the saliva [4,5].
T20 4134-4225 Sentence denotes In this light, a few important concepts would be useful to briefly report and discuss here.
T21 4226-4405 Sentence denotes The most recommended guidelines indicate that dentists should avoid the scheduling of any patient: only such urgent dental diseases can be considered during the COVID-19 outbreak.
T22 4406-4585 Sentence denotes This action will drastically limit the interpersonal contact, the waiting time of patients in dental cabinets and, in general, the conditions predisposing patients to be infected.
T23 4586-4933 Sentence denotes When the dentists treat patients, they should intercept the potentially infected person before they reach the operating areas; for example, those with a fever measuring >37.5 °C and the posing of a few questions about the patient’s general health status in the last 7 days, and about the risk of having been in contact with other infected persons.
T24 4934-5094 Sentence denotes The management practice of the operating area should be quite similar to what happens with other patients affected by infectious and highly contagious diseases.
T25 5095-5308 Sentence denotes As often as possible, the staff should work at an adequate distance from patients; furthermore, handpieces must be equipped with anti-reflux devices to avoid contaminations, improving the risk of cross-infections.
T26 5309-5453 Sentence denotes Finally, during the operating sessions, the dentist should prefer procedures reducing the quantity of aerosol produced in the environment [4,5].
T27 5454-5619 Sentence denotes Personal prevention, both for health personnel and for patients, must be associated with the prevention of the spread of the virus through environmental remediation.
T28 5620-6010 Sentence denotes In particular, due to the high proliferation of the virus in the particles exhaled by coughing and sneezing, every surface in the waiting room must be considered at risk; therefore, in addition to providing adequate periodic air exchange, all surfaces, chairs, magazines, and doors that come into contact with healthcare professionals and patients must be considered “potentially infected”.
T29 6011-6114 Sentence denotes It may be useful to make an alcoholic disinfectant and masks available to patients in the waiting room.
T30 6115-6190 Sentence denotes The entire air conditioning system must be sanitized very frequently [4,5].
T31 6191-6292 Sentence denotes A recent study indicates that copper and paper can allow the virus to survive for 4 to over 24 hours.
T32 6293-6429 Sentence denotes On the other hand, the infectious charge can be drastically reduced only after at least 48 hours for steel and 72 hours for plastic [6].
T33 6430-6592 Sentence denotes Therefore, the virus remains longer on steel instruments, or disposable material exposed to the flows of contaminated air, than in a magazine in the waiting room.
T34 6593-6789 Sentence denotes In light of this reflection, the substantial action to be taken is to promote maximum hand and surface hygiene, given that the virus is completely inactivated by water, soap, and other detergents.
T35 6790-6971 Sentence denotes In conclusion, the significant limitation of clinical and surgical activities in the medical and dental sector has represented a very impactful measure on the economy of the sector.
T36 6972-7123 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, this drastic intervention has made it possible to protect the health and safety of citizens and contain the expansion of the coronavirus.
T37 7124-7398 Sentence denotes Therefore, the policies and measure packages adopted by governments are addressed to all dental associations, stating clear guidelines to prevent and to control COVID-19 infection in oral diagnosis and treatment in daily practice until a vaccine or a drug becomes available.