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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
1 0-8 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
17 348-379 Gene denotes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Gene:59272
18 381-385 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
19 196-243 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Tax:2697049
20 245-255 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
21 262-278 Species denotes 2019 coronavirus Tax:2697049
22 297-305 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
23 342-347 Species denotes human Tax:9606
24 388-398 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
25 769-780 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
26 45-69 Disease denotes Coronavirus disease 2019 MESH:C000657245
27 83-91 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
28 107-125 Disease denotes infectious disease MESH:D003141
29 156-164 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
30 637-646 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
31 823-831 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
52 1262-1270 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
53 1638-1644 Species denotes people Tax:9606
54 1863-1869 Species denotes people Tax:9606
55 2298-2306 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
56 2410-2421 Species denotes Coronavirus Tax:11118
57 2858-2865 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
58 3088-3096 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
59 3620-3628 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
60 4018-4023 Species denotes human Tax:9606
61 1253-1261 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
62 1480-1488 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
63 1489-1498 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
64 1608-1614 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
65 1882-1890 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
66 1937-1945 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
67 2174-2182 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
68 2552-2560 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
69 3079-3087 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
70 3427-3435 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
71 3931-3946 Disease denotes infected saliva MESH:D007239
83 4361-4368 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
84 4533-4541 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
85 4606-4614 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
86 4655-4663 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
87 4853-4860 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
88 4970-4977 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
89 4432-4440 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
90 4621-4629 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
91 4703-4711 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
92 4784-4789 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
93 4961-4969 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
97 5076-5084 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
98 5213-5221 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
99 5336-5352 Disease denotes cross-infections MESH:D003428
105 5554-5562 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
106 6004-6012 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
107 6130-6138 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
108 5751-5759 Disease denotes coughing MESH:D003371
109 6045-6053 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
112 6266-6272 Chemical denotes copper MESH:D003300
113 6800-6805 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
117 7156-7167 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
118 7330-7338 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
119 7339-7348 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 1092-1096 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T2 2392-2396 Body_part denotes Face http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728
T3 3271-3277 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T4 3804-3810 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T5 3940-3946 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T6 4024-4030 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T7 4165-4171 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T8 6351-6355 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T9 6724-6740 Body_part denotes hand and surface http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma25240

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 1092-1096 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T2 2392-2396 Body_part denotes Face http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456
T3 3271-3277 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836
T4 3804-3810 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836
T5 3883-3888 Body_part denotes hands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T6 3940-3946 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836
T7 4024-4030 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836
T8 4165-4171 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836
T9 6351-6355 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T10 6724-6728 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 0-8 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T2 45-69 Disease denotes Coronavirus disease 2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T3 83-91 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T4 107-125 Disease denotes infectious disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T5 156-164 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T6 196-243 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T7 196-229 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T8 245-253 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T9 297-305 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T10 388-396 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T11 637-646 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T12 823-831 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T13 1480-1488 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T14 1489-1498 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T15 2552-2560 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T16 3079-3087 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T17 3427-3435 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T18 4100-4110 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T19 4432-4440 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T20 5097-5107 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T21 5336-5352 Disease denotes cross-infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0043544
T22 6361-6371 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T23 7330-7338 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T24 7339-7348 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 165-168 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T2 314-317 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T3 342-347 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T4 548-560 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organization
T5 671-674 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T6 767-768 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T7 937-940 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T8 1017-1018 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T9 1195-1196 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T10 1732-1742 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T11 1825-1828 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001343 denotes aim
T12 2392-2396 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes Face
T13 2742-2743 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T14 3292-3293 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T15 3678-3679 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T16 3732-3737 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T17 3862-3867 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T18 3890-3897 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000030 denotes objects
T19 4018-4023 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T20 4152-4157 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T21 4194-4195 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T22 4782-4783 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T23 4827-4828 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T24 5281-5288 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes devices
T25 5624-5629 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T26 5717-5722 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T27 6236-6237 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T28 6297-6302 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T29 6426-6428 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001382 denotes 48
T30 6490-6495 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T31 6520-6531 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes instruments
T32 6606-6607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T33 6765-6770 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T34 6902-6912 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T35 6946-6949 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T36 6962-6963 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T37 7057-7060 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T38 7405-7406 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T39 7418-7419 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 348-359 Chemical denotes angiotensin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433
T2 903-914 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T3 4057-4067 Chemical denotes antiseptic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48218
T4 6094-6106 Chemical denotes disinfectant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48219
T5 6266-6272 Chemical denotes copper http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30052
T7 6800-6805 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T8 7420-7424 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 4784-4789 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T2 5751-5759 Phenotype denotes coughing http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 1041-1047 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 denotes growth
T2 5894-5902 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015297 denotes exchange

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-18 Sentence denotes COVID-19 Outbreak:
T2 19-43 Sentence denotes An Overview on Dentistry
T3 45-155 Sentence denotes Coronavirus disease 2019, also called COVID-19, is the latest infectious disease to rapidly develop worldwide.
T4 156-387 Sentence denotes COVID-19 has as its etiologic agent the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): the 2019 coronavirus is different from SARS-CoV, but it has the same host receptor: human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2).
T5 388-632 Sentence denotes SARS-CoV-2 was first discovered in 2019 in Wuhan, China, unfortunately spreading globally, resulting in the 2019–2020 pandemic, as declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC).
T6 633-781 Sentence denotes The infection started in Asia, but it has rapidly spread across the world: according to the WHO, this is the first pandemic caused by a coronavirus.
T7 782-1078 Sentence denotes Against this landscape, the treatment of COVID-19 is based on containment measures: in China and South Korea, the severe application of such interventions has regularly and drastically reduced new cases, and this experience shows that a reversion of epidemic growth is possible in the short-term.
T8 1079-1271 Sentence denotes On the other hand, in Italy, the reported cases have grown impressively over time, leading to the country obtaining a prominent position in the international scenario of the infected patients.
T9 1272-1619 Sentence denotes This emerging pandemic and its severe outbreak in the Italian population have induced the Italian Government first and then the European Union to promote drastic impact measures to “flatten the curve” of the COVID-19 infection and in turn avoid health systems (in particular, intensive care units) being overwhelmed, resulting in fewer deaths [1].
T10 1620-1982 Sentence denotes The limitation of people circulating outside their home, social distancing, the cessation of almost all working activities and the request to the population to use protective masks and gloves all have the aim of minimizing the likelihood that people who are not infected come into contact with others who are already infected and probably still asymptomatic [2].
T11 1983-2214 Sentence denotes As always happens, healthcare professionals have been immediately involved in the national emergency, working hard, often day and night: unfortunately, small numbers of them have also become infected, and some have tragically died.
T12 2215-2307 Sentence denotes Dentists are often the first line of diagnosis, as they work in close contact with patients.
T13 2308-2611 Sentence denotes On 15 March 2020, the New York Times published an article entitled “The Workers Who Face the Greatest Coronavirus Risk”, where an impressive schematic figure described that dentists are the workers most exposed to the risk of being affected by COVID-19, much more than nurses and general physicians [3].
T14 2612-2881 Sentence denotes To take significant actions against this harmful disease, the American Dental Association updated its webpage in March, including a link to frequently asked questions from member dentists covering topics such as personal protective equipment and patient communications.
T15 2882-3101 Sentence denotes Recently, an interesting paper written by researchers from Wuhan University School and Hospital of Stomatology was published with several recommendations for dentists and dental students to manage COVID-19 patients [4].
T16 3102-3371 Sentence denotes Dentists have been recommended to take several personal protection measures and avoid or minimize operations that can produce droplets or aerosols; moreover, the use of saliva ejectors with a low volume or high volume can reduce the production of droplets and aerosols.
T17 3372-3677 Sentence denotes Taking into consideration the severity of the pandemic COVID-19, and in the light of the massive commitment of several dental associations and the most prestigious dental journals, it is essential to give clear and easy guidelines to manage dental patients and to make working dentists safe from any risk.
T18 3678-3979 Sentence denotes A fundamental concept is that the transmission of the virus is mainly through inhalation/ingestion/direct mucous contact with saliva droplets; it is also critical to remember that the virus can survive on hands, objects or surfaces that were exposed to infected saliva in the previous nine days [4,5].
T19 3980-4178 Sentence denotes Since the viral load contained in the human saliva is very high, rinses with antiseptic mouthwashes can only reduce the infectious amount but are not able to eliminate the virus in the saliva [4,5].
T20 4179-4270 Sentence denotes In this light, a few important concepts would be useful to briefly report and discuss here.
T21 4271-4450 Sentence denotes The most recommended guidelines indicate that dentists should avoid the scheduling of any patient: only such urgent dental diseases can be considered during the COVID-19 outbreak.
T22 4451-4630 Sentence denotes This action will drastically limit the interpersonal contact, the waiting time of patients in dental cabinets and, in general, the conditions predisposing patients to be infected.
T23 4631-4978 Sentence denotes When the dentists treat patients, they should intercept the potentially infected person before they reach the operating areas; for example, those with a fever measuring >37.5 °C and the posing of a few questions about the patient’s general health status in the last 7 days, and about the risk of having been in contact with other infected persons.
T24 4979-5139 Sentence denotes The management practice of the operating area should be quite similar to what happens with other patients affected by infectious and highly contagious diseases.
T25 5140-5353 Sentence denotes As often as possible, the staff should work at an adequate distance from patients; furthermore, handpieces must be equipped with anti-reflux devices to avoid contaminations, improving the risk of cross-infections.
T26 5354-5498 Sentence denotes Finally, during the operating sessions, the dentist should prefer procedures reducing the quantity of aerosol produced in the environment [4,5].
T27 5499-5664 Sentence denotes Personal prevention, both for health personnel and for patients, must be associated with the prevention of the spread of the virus through environmental remediation.
T28 5665-6055 Sentence denotes In particular, due to the high proliferation of the virus in the particles exhaled by coughing and sneezing, every surface in the waiting room must be considered at risk; therefore, in addition to providing adequate periodic air exchange, all surfaces, chairs, magazines, and doors that come into contact with healthcare professionals and patients must be considered “potentially infected”.
T29 6056-6159 Sentence denotes It may be useful to make an alcoholic disinfectant and masks available to patients in the waiting room.
T30 6160-6235 Sentence denotes The entire air conditioning system must be sanitized very frequently [4,5].
T31 6236-6337 Sentence denotes A recent study indicates that copper and paper can allow the virus to survive for 4 to over 24 hours.
T32 6338-6474 Sentence denotes On the other hand, the infectious charge can be drastically reduced only after at least 48 hours for steel and 72 hours for plastic [6].
T33 6475-6637 Sentence denotes Therefore, the virus remains longer on steel instruments, or disposable material exposed to the flows of contaminated air, than in a magazine in the waiting room.
T34 6638-6834 Sentence denotes In light of this reflection, the substantial action to be taken is to promote maximum hand and surface hygiene, given that the virus is completely inactivated by water, soap, and other detergents.
T35 6835-7016 Sentence denotes In conclusion, the significant limitation of clinical and surgical activities in the medical and dental sector has represented a very impactful measure on the economy of the sector.
T36 7017-7168 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, this drastic intervention has made it possible to protect the health and safety of citizens and contain the expansion of the coronavirus.
T37 7169-7443 Sentence denotes Therefore, the policies and measure packages adopted by governments are addressed to all dental associations, stating clear guidelines to prevent and to control COVID-19 infection in oral diagnosis and treatment in daily practice until a vaccine or a drug becomes available.
T38 7445-7460 Sentence denotes Acknowledgments
T39 7461-7553 Sentence denotes The authors want to acknowledge the IJERPH Editorial Office and all the anonymous reviewers.
T40 7555-7575 Sentence denotes Author Contributions
T41 7576-7735 Sentence denotes Conceptualization, M.T. and G.S..; methodology, D.D.V. and S.R.; writing—original draft preparation, M.T. and G.S.; writing—review and editing, D.D.V. and S.R.
T42 7736-7812 Sentence denotes All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
T43 7814-7821 Sentence denotes Funding
T44 7822-7870 Sentence denotes This editorial work received no special funding.
T45 7872-7893 Sentence denotes Conflicts of Interest
T46 7894-7938 Sentence denotes The authors declare no conflict of interest.