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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
3 32-36 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
4 0-8 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
5 10-27 Disease denotes diabetes mellitus MESH:D003920
15 103-150 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Tax:2697049
16 152-162 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
17 367-373 Species denotes people Tax:9606
18 770-776 Species denotes people Tax:9606
19 55-80 Disease denotes novel coronavirus disease MESH:C000657245
20 82-90 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
21 332-340 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
22 524-530 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
23 848-853 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
43 964-972 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
44 1353-1361 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
45 1449-1457 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
46 1518-1526 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
47 1779-1787 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
48 918-927 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
49 936-944 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
50 1046-1055 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
51 1112-1129 Disease denotes diabetes mellitus MESH:D003920
52 1131-1133 Disease denotes DM MESH:D009223
53 1204-1239 Disease denotes acute respiratory distress syndrome MESH:D012128
54 1254-1263 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
55 1363-1365 Disease denotes DM MESH:D009223
56 1440-1448 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
57 1574-1576 Disease denotes DM MESH:D009223
58 1769-1777 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
59 1793-1795 Disease denotes DM MESH:D009223
60 1807-1816 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
61 1826-1828 Disease denotes DM MESH:D009223
86 2892-2910 Gene denotes interleukin (IL)-1 Gene:3552
87 2912-2916 Gene denotes IL-6 Gene:3569
88 2921-2950 Gene denotes tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-α Gene:7124
89 1875-1883 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
90 2270-2274 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
91 2557-2567 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
92 2598-2606 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
93 3070-3078 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
94 1889-1891 Disease denotes DM MESH:D009223
95 1939-1941 Disease denotes DM MESH:D009223
96 2028-2036 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
97 2120-2128 Disease denotes diabetes MESH:D003920
98 2203-2219 Disease denotes viral infections MESH:D001102
99 2283-2316 Disease denotes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome MESH:D045169
100 2328-2360 Disease denotes Middle East Respiratory Syndrome MESH:D018352
101 2362-2366 Disease denotes MERS MESH:D018352
102 2480-2482 Disease denotes DM MESH:D009223
103 2487-2495 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
104 2625-2627 Disease denotes DM MESH:D009223
105 2723-2736 Disease denotes hyperglycemia MESH:D006943
106 2813-2815 Disease denotes DM MESH:D009223
107 3084-3092 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
108 3108-3143 Disease denotes acute respiratory distress syndrome MESH:D012128
109 3145-3149 Disease denotes ARDS MESH:D012128
130 3168-3199 Gene denotes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Gene:59272
131 3201-3205 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
132 3264-3268 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
133 3442-3446 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
134 3459-3473 Gene denotes angiotensin-II Gene:183
135 3498-3511 Gene denotes angiotensin-I Gene:183
136 3593-3597 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:302668
137 3715-3719 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:302668
138 3806-3810 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
139 3785-3789 Species denotes H5N1 Tax:102793
140 3836-3844 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
141 3523-3531 Chemical denotes peptides MESH:D010455
142 3234-3236 Disease denotes DM MESH:D009223
143 3241-3249 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
144 3702-3706 Disease denotes ARDS MESH:D012128
145 3790-3799 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
146 3850-3852 Disease denotes DM MESH:D009223
147 3942-3953 Disease denotes lung injury MESH:D055370
148 3958-3962 Disease denotes ARDS MESH:D012128
149 3968-3976 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
160 5663-5694 Gene denotes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Gene:59272
161 5696-5700 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
162 5717-5721 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
163 5759-5788 Gene denotes angiotensin-converting enzyme Gene:1636
164 5907-5911 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
165 5977-5991 Gene denotes angiotensin-II Gene:183
166 5587-5597 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
167 5614-5624 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
168 6038-6049 Chemical denotes aldosterone MESH:D000450
169 6071-6080 Chemical denotes potassium MESH:D011188
198 4035-4039 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
199 4100-4104 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
200 4198-4201 Gene denotes ACE Gene:1636
201 4317-4321 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
202 4491-4495 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
203 4729-4733 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
204 5087-5091 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
205 5156-5170 Gene denotes angiotensin-II Gene:183
206 5377-5381 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
207 4080-4090 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
208 4347-4355 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
209 4544-4554 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
210 4938-4946 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
211 5426-5436 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
212 4657-4669 Chemical denotes pioglitazone MESH:D000077205
213 5025-5034 Chemical denotes potassium MESH:D011188
214 5182-5193 Chemical denotes aldosterone MESH:D000450
215 5237-5246 Chemical denotes potassium MESH:D011188
216 5289-5298 Chemical denotes potassium MESH:D011188
217 4070-4078 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
218 4295-4297 Disease denotes DM MESH:D009223
219 4361-4363 Disease denotes DM MESH:D009223
220 4369-4381 Disease denotes hypertension MESH:D006973
221 4923-4937 Disease denotes critically ill MESH:D016638
222 4952-4960 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
223 4988-4999 Disease denotes hypokalemia MESH:D007008
224 5356-5364 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
225 5467-5478 Disease denotes lung injury MESH:D055370
238 6131-6137 Species denotes people Tax:9606
239 6561-6567 Species denotes People Tax:9606
240 6802-6810 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
241 6595-6602 Chemical denotes glucose MESH:D005947
242 6745-6763 Chemical denotes thiazolidinediones MESH:D045162
243 6143-6145 Disease denotes DM MESH:D009223
244 6202-6210 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
245 6238-6240 Disease denotes DM MESH:D009223
246 6321-6329 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
247 6427-6429 Disease denotes DM MESH:D009223
248 6573-6575 Disease denotes DM MESH:D009223
249 6816-6818 Disease denotes DM MESH:D009223

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 2783-2796 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T2 2865-2873 Body_part denotes cytokine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T3 2892-2903 Body_part denotes interleukin http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578
T4 2904-2910 Body_part denotes (IL)-1 http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583
T5 2905-2907 Body_part denotes IL http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578
T6 2912-2914 Body_part denotes IL http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578
T7 3299-3311 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T8 3352-3368 Body_part denotes epithelial cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66768
T9 3363-3368 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T10 3376-3381 Body_part denotes lungs http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68877
T11 3383-3389 Body_part denotes kidney http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203
T12 3391-3400 Body_part denotes intestine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199
T13 3405-3418 Body_part denotes blood vessels http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63183
T14 3405-3410 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T15 3689-3693 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T16 3942-3946 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T17 4143-4154 Body_part denotes pneumocytes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62499
T18 4560-4571 Body_part denotes pneumocytes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62499
T19 5283-5288 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T20 5467-5471 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T21 5602-5612 Body_part denotes pneumocyte http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62499
T22 5646-5656 Body_part denotes pneumocyte http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62499
T23 5870-5880 Body_part denotes pneumocyte http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62499
T24 6506-6510 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T25 6595-6602 Body_part denotes glucose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82743

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 2783-2796 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T2 3383-3389 Body_part denotes kidney http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113
T3 3391-3400 Body_part denotes intestine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160
T4 3405-3418 Body_part denotes blood vessels http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001981
T5 3405-3410 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T6 3411-3418 Body_part denotes vessels http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000055
T7 3689-3693 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T8 3942-3946 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T9 5283-5288 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977
T10 5467-5471 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T11 6506-6510 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 10-27 Phenotype denotes diabetes mellitus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819
T2 1112-1129 Phenotype denotes diabetes mellitus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819
T3 1131-1133 Phenotype denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819
T4 1210-1230 Phenotype denotes respiratory distress http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098
T5 1363-1365 Phenotype denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819
T6 1574-1576 Phenotype denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819
T7 1793-1795 Phenotype denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819
T8 1826-1828 Phenotype denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819
T9 1889-1891 Phenotype denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819
T10 1939-1941 Phenotype denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819
T11 2480-2482 Phenotype denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819
T12 2625-2627 Phenotype denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819
T13 2723-2736 Phenotype denotes hyperglycemia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003074
T14 2813-2815 Phenotype denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819
T15 2921-2926 Phenotype denotes tumor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664
T16 3114-3134 Phenotype denotes respiratory distress http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098
T17 3234-3236 Phenotype denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819
T18 3850-3852 Phenotype denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819
T19 4295-4297 Phenotype denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819
T20 4361-4363 Phenotype denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819
T21 4369-4381 Phenotype denotes hypertension http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000822
T22 4988-4999 Phenotype denotes hypokalemia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002900
T23 5019-5042 Phenotype denotes renal potassium wasting http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000128
T24 5172-5193 Phenotype denotes increased aldosterone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000859
T25 5219-5246 Phenotype denotes increased urinary potassium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003081
T26 6065-6088 Phenotype denotes renal potassium wasting http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000128
T27 6143-6145 Phenotype denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819
T28 6238-6240 Phenotype denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819
T29 6427-6429 Phenotype denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819
T30 6573-6575 Phenotype denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819
T31 6816-6818 Phenotype denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000819

LitCovid_AGAC

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
p72922s0 3806-3810 Protein denotes ACE2
p72922s3 3825-3832 NegReg denotes reduced
p72931s5 5069-5083 NegReg denotes downregulation
p72931s13 5131-5140 NegReg denotes decreased
p72931s14 5141-5152 MPA denotes degradation
p72931s16 5156-5170 MPA denotes angiotensin-II
p72931s20 5172-5181 PosReg denotes increased
p72931s21 5182-5203 MPA denotes aldosterone secretion
p72931s25 5219-5228 PosReg denotes increased
p72931s26 5229-5251 CPA denotes urinary potassium loss
p72938s12 5917-5930 NegReg denotes downregulated
p72939s7 5962-5973 MPA denotes degradation
p72939s17 6015-6024 PosReg denotes increased
p72939s18 6025-6049 MPA denotes secretion of aldosterone
p72939s23 6065-6088 MPA denotes renal potassium wasting

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 0-8 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T2 10-27 Disease denotes diabetes mellitus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015
T3 82-90 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T4 103-150 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T5 103-136 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T6 152-160 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T7 152-156 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T8 332-340 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T9 936-944 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T10 1112-1129 Disease denotes diabetes mellitus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015
T11 1131-1133 Disease denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016367
T13 1204-1239 Disease denotes acute respiratory distress syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502
T14 1210-1239 Disease denotes respiratory distress syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009971
T15 1363-1365 Disease denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016367
T17 1440-1448 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T18 1574-1576 Disease denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016367
T20 1769-1777 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T21 1793-1795 Disease denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016367
T23 1826-1828 Disease denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016367
T25 1889-1891 Disease denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016367
T27 1939-1941 Disease denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016367
T29 2028-2036 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T30 2120-2128 Disease denotes diabetes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015
T31 2203-2219 Disease denotes viral infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T32 2238-2247 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T33 2258-2274 Disease denotes influenza A H1N1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005460
T34 2258-2267 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T35 2283-2316 Disease denotes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T36 2318-2322 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T37 2480-2482 Disease denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016367
T39 2487-2495 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T40 2557-2565 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T41 2557-2561 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T42 2625-2627 Disease denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016367
T44 2723-2736 Disease denotes hyperglycemia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002909
T45 2813-2815 Disease denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016367
T47 2921-2926 Disease denotes tumor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005070
T48 3084-3092 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T49 3108-3143 Disease denotes acute respiratory distress syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502
T50 3114-3143 Disease denotes respiratory distress syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009971
T51 3145-3149 Disease denotes ARDS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502
T52 3234-3236 Disease denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016367
T54 3241-3249 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T55 3702-3706 Disease denotes ARDS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502
T56 3767-3782 Disease denotes avian influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018695
T57 3773-3782 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T58 3790-3799 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T59 3850-3852 Disease denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016367
T61 3947-3953 Disease denotes injury http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178
T62 3958-3962 Disease denotes ARDS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502
T63 3968-3976 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T64 4070-4078 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T65 4080-4088 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T66 4080-4084 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T67 4295-4297 Disease denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016367
T69 4361-4363 Disease denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016367
T71 4369-4381 Disease denotes hypertension http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005044
T72 4544-4552 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T73 4544-4548 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T74 4952-4960 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T75 4988-4999 Disease denotes hypokalemia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0003019
T76 5025-5042 Disease denotes potassium wasting http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0015231
T77 5356-5364 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T78 5426-5434 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T79 5426-5430 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T80 5472-5478 Disease denotes injury http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178
T81 5587-5595 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T82 5587-5591 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T83 5614-5622 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T84 5614-5618 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T85 6071-6088 Disease denotes potassium wasting http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0015231
T86 6143-6145 Disease denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016367
T88 6202-6210 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T89 6238-6240 Disease denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016367
T91 6321-6329 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T92 6427-6429 Disease denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016367
T94 6573-6575 Disease denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016367
T96 6816-6818 Disease denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016367

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 53-54 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T2 164-167 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T3 269-281 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organization
T4 298-299 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T5 322-324 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T6 341-344 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T7 531-534 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T8 649-652 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T9 723-724 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T10 801-806 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T11 1138-1139 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T12 1270-1276 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302 denotes 3], [4
T13 1313-1314 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T14 1324-1326 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 denotes 52
T15 1367-1369 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T16 1376-1377 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T17 1551-1552 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T18 1960-1963 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T19 2129-2132 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T20 2268-2269 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T21 2737-2740 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T22 2783-2796 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T23 3048-3049 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T24 3272-3273 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T25 3290-3298 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T26 3348-3381 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000082 denotes the epithelial cells of the lungs
T27 3383-3389 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113 denotes kidney
T28 3383-3389 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927 denotes kidney
T29 3383-3389 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000929 denotes kidney
T30 3391-3400 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 denotes intestine
T31 3391-3400 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834 denotes intestine
T32 3405-3418 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001981 denotes blood vessels
T33 3405-3418 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000817 denotes blood vessels
T34 3481-3482 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T35 3523-3531 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 denotes peptides
T36 3588-3590 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T37 3689-3693 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T38 3689-3693 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T39 3720-3723 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T40 3783-3784 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T41 3942-3946 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T42 3942-3946 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T43 3983-3985 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T44 4108-4109 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T45 4750-4756 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T46 4873-4874 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T47 4965-4966 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T48 5299-5302 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T49 5323-5324 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T50 5467-5471 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T51 5467-5471 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T52 5514-5519 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T53 5705-5706 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T54 5886-5891 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T55 5935-5936 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T56 6285-6286 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T57 6473-6478 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 1131-1133 Chemical denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141426
T2 1315-1320 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T3 1363-1365 Chemical denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141426
T4 1574-1576 Chemical denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141426
T5 1793-1795 Chemical denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141426
T6 1826-1828 Chemical denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141426
T7 1889-1891 Chemical denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141426
T8 1939-1941 Chemical denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141426
T9 2480-2482 Chemical denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141426
T10 2625-2627 Chemical denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141426
T11 2813-2815 Chemical denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141426
T12 2905-2907 Chemical denotes IL http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072
T14 2912-2914 Chemical denotes IL http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072
T16 3168-3179 Chemical denotes angiotensin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433
T17 3234-3236 Chemical denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141426
T18 3299-3311 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T19 3459-3470 Chemical denotes angiotensin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433
T20 3471-3473 Chemical denotes II http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067
T21 3498-3509 Chemical denotes angiotensin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433
T22 3523-3531 Chemical denotes peptides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670
T23 3533-3544 Chemical denotes angiotensin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433
T24 3555-3566 Chemical denotes angiotensin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433
T25 3661-3668 Chemical denotes oxidant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63248
T26 3850-3852 Chemical denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141426
T27 4198-4212 Chemical denotes ACE inhibitors http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35457
T28 4202-4212 Chemical denotes inhibitors http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222
T29 4214-4218 Chemical denotes ACEi http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35457
T30 4224-4235 Chemical denotes angiotensin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433
T31 4262-4267 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T32 4295-4297 Chemical denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141426
T33 4361-4363 Chemical denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141426
T34 4386-4390 Chemical denotes ACEi http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35457
T35 4464-4466 Chemical denotes II http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067
T36 4508-4513 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T37 4657-4669 Chemical denotes pioglitazone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8228
T38 4674-4685 Chemical denotes liraglutide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_71193
T39 5025-5034 Chemical denotes potassium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26216
T40 5156-5167 Chemical denotes angiotensin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433
T41 5168-5170 Chemical denotes II http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067
T42 5182-5193 Chemical denotes aldosterone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27584|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30834
T44 5237-5246 Chemical denotes potassium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26216
T45 5289-5298 Chemical denotes potassium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26216
T46 5663-5674 Chemical denotes angiotensin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433
T47 5759-5799 Chemical denotes angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35457
T48 5759-5770 Chemical denotes angiotensin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433
T49 5782-5799 Chemical denotes enzyme inhibitors http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23924
T50 5789-5799 Chemical denotes inhibitors http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222
T51 5801-5805 Chemical denotes ACEi http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35457
T52 5807-5818 Chemical denotes angiotensin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433
T53 5977-5988 Chemical denotes angiotensin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433
T54 5989-5991 Chemical denotes II http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067
T55 6038-6049 Chemical denotes aldosterone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27584|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30834
T57 6071-6080 Chemical denotes potassium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26216
T58 6143-6145 Chemical denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141426
T59 6238-6240 Chemical denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141426
T60 6427-6429 Chemical denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141426
T61 6573-6575 Chemical denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141426
T62 6595-6602 Chemical denotes glucose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17234|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4167
T64 6735-6739 Chemical denotes ACEi http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35457
T65 6745-6763 Chemical denotes thiazolidinediones http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50864|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50990
T67 6764-6775 Chemical denotes liraglutide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_71193
T68 6816-6818 Chemical denotes DM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141426

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 2203-2219 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infections
T2 2506-2521 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes Innate immunity
T3 2776-2789 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes innate immune
T4 2927-2935 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070265 denotes necrosis
T5 2927-2935 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019835 denotes necrosis
T6 2927-2935 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008219 denotes necrosis
T7 2927-2935 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001906 denotes necrosis
T8 3447-3458 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes breaks down
T9 3869-3882 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070085 denotes glycosylation
T10 4123-4142 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044409 denotes entry into the host
T11 5141-5152 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degradation
T12 5182-5203 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035932 denotes aldosterone secretion
T13 5194-5203 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046903 denotes secretion
T14 5962-5973 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degradation
T15 6025-6034 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046903 denotes secretion
T16 6654-6669 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-37 Sentence denotes COVID-19, diabetes mellitus and ACE2:
T2 38-51 Sentence denotes The conundrum
T3 53-309 Sentence denotes A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has scourged the world since its outbreak in December 2019 at Wuhan, China resulting in the World Health Organization declaring it as a pandemic.
T4 310-500 Sentence denotes As of March 22, 2020, COVID-19 has affected over 292,000 people in at least 185 countries worldwide with most of the cases being reported from China, Europe and the United States of America.
T5 501-636 Sentence denotes The absolute number of deaths has already surpassed 12,750 globally and is expected to increase further as the disease spreads rapidly.
T6 637-710 Sentence denotes The disease has also infiltrated the Indian masses and is spreading fast.
T7 711-896 Sentence denotes India being a developing nation with more than 1.3 billion people, failure to contain the virus can lead to disastrous consequences with death toll perhaps surpassing all other nations.
T8 897-1065 Sentence denotes Although the overall mortality rate of COVID-19 is low (1.4–2.3%), patients with comorbidities are more likely to have severe disease and subsequent mortality [1], [2].
T9 1066-1278 Sentence denotes Most of the available studies have shown that diabetes mellitus (DM) as a distinctive comorbidity is associated with more severe disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome and increased mortality [1], [3], [4].
T10 1279-1417 Sentence denotes Amongst the 32 non-survivors from a group of 52 intensive care unit (ICU) patients, DM (22%) was a predominant underlying comorbidity [3].
T11 1418-1641 Sentence denotes Of the 1099 confirmed COVID-19 patients reported by Guan et al. from China, 173 had severe disease; patients with severe disease had a higher prevalence of DM (16.2%) as compared to those with non-severe disease (5.7%) [1].
T12 1642-1851 Sentence denotes Further, in the largest series reported by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention comprising of 72,314 cases of COVID-19, patients with DM had higher mortality (7.3% in DM vs. 2.3% overall) [2].
T13 1852-2105 Sentence denotes It can be assumed that patients with DM are more likely to be older than those without DM and advancing age has consistently been shown to be associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19, however, most of the aforementioned studies did not adjust for age.
T14 2106-2387 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, diabetes has been uniformly reported to be associated with poor prognosis in other viral infections, notably seasonal influenza, pandemic influenza A H1N1 (2009), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) [5], [6], [7], [8].
T15 2388-2505 Sentence denotes Multiple explanations can be put forward for this apparent association between pre-existing DM and COVID-19 severity.
T16 2506-2706 Sentence denotes Innate immunity, the first line of defense against SARS-CoV-2, is inevitably compromised in patients with uncontrolled DM thereby allowing unhindered proliferation of the pathogen within the host [9].
T17 2707-2802 Sentence denotes Even short-term hyperglycemia has been shown to transiently stun the innate immune system [10].
T18 2803-3155 Sentence denotes Moreover, DM is characterized by exaggerated pro-inflammatory cytokine response, notably interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-α, in the absence of appropriate immunostimulation; this may be further exaggerated in response to a stimulus as seen in patients with COVID-19 complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [9].
T19 3156-3263 Sentence denotes The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the association between DM and COVID-19 is plausible.
T20 3264-3419 Sentence denotes ACE2 is a type 1 integral membrane glycoprotein that is constitutively expressed by the epithelial cells of the lungs, kidney, intestine and blood vessels.
T21 3420-3592 Sentence denotes In normal physiology, ACE2 breaks down angiotensin-II and to a lesser extent, angiotensin-I to smaller peptides, angiotensin (1–7) and angiotensin (1–9), respectively [11].
T22 3593-3805 Sentence denotes ACE2/Ang (1–7) system plays an important anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant role protecting the lung against ARDS; indeed ACE2 has been shown to be protective against lethal avian influenza A H5N1 infection [12].
T23 3806-3987 Sentence denotes ACE2 expression is reduced in patients with DM possibly due to glycosylation; this might explain the increased predisposition to severe lung injury and ARDS with COVID-19 [4], [11].
T24 3988-4079 Sentence denotes Strange it might sound, even overexpression of ACE2 would be counterproductive in COVID-19.
T25 4080-4160 Sentence denotes SARS-CoV-2 utilizes ACE2 as a receptor for entry into the host pneumocytes [13].
T26 4161-4298 Sentence denotes Herein comes the confounding role of ACE inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), drugs that are so widely used in DM.
T27 4299-4477 Sentence denotes The expression of ACE2 is markedly increased in patients with DM (and hypertension) on ACEi or ARBs as an adaptive response to counteract the elevated levels of Ang-II and Ang-I.
T28 4478-4640 Sentence denotes Thus, use of ACE2-stimulating drugs would facilitate the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into pneumocytes and consequently might result in more severe and fatal disease [14].
T29 4641-4776 Sentence denotes Amongst others, pioglitazone and liraglutide have also been shown to be associated with ACE2 upregulation in animal studies [14], [15].
T30 4777-4859 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, none of the studies have taken into account the baseline treatment.
T31 4860-5043 Sentence denotes Furthermore, a recently concluded study showed that severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19 had a higher prevalence of hypokalemia that resulted from renal potassium wasting.
T32 5044-5252 Sentence denotes This can be explained by downregulation of ACE2 following viral intrusion resulting in decreased degradation of angiotensin-II, increased aldosterone secretion and subsequent increased urinary potassium loss.
T33 5253-5370 Sentence denotes Infact early normalization of serum potassium has been proposed to be a predictor of good prognosis in COVID-19 [16].
T34 5371-5533 Sentence denotes Thus, ACE2 overexpression, while facilitating entry of SARS-CoV-2, is unable to protect against lung injury as the enzyme gets degraded by the virus (see Fig. 1).
T35 5534-5613 Sentence denotes Fig. 1 Schematic diagram depicting interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and pneumocyte.
T36 5614-5716 Sentence denotes SARS-CoV-2 gains entry into the pneumocyte using angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor.
T37 5717-5844 Sentence denotes ACE2 is upregulated with the prior use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)/angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs).
T38 5845-5931 Sentence denotes Following entry into the pneumocyte, the virus replicates and ACE2 gets downregulated.
T39 5932-6089 Sentence denotes As a result, there is reduced degradation of angiotensin-II which in turn leads to increased secretion of aldosterone and subsequent renal potassium wasting.
T40 6090-6219 Sentence denotes Whatever may be the underlying etiology, people with DM are definitely at an increased risk of severe and fatal COVID-19 disease.
T41 6220-6352 Sentence denotes The prevalence of DM in India is 7.3% [17], thereby predisposing a large section of the community to COVID-19 and its complications.
T42 6353-6479 Sentence denotes Hence it is advisable that community-dwelling residents having underlying DM take extra precautions not to contract the virus.
T43 6480-6560 Sentence denotes Social distancing, strict hand and respiratory hygiene are the need of the hour.
T44 6561-6674 Sentence denotes People with DM should ensure good glucose control as improvement in glycemia does boost host immune response [9].
T45 6675-6840 Sentence denotes Although not recommended due to lack of robust data, use of ACEi/ARBs/thiazolidinediones/liraglutide merits reconsideration in patients with DM during this outbreak.
T46 6842-6875 Sentence denotes Declaration of competing interest
T47 6876-7046 Sentence denotes The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
T48 7048-7063 Sentence denotes Acknowledgement
T49 7064-7069 Sentence denotes None.
T50 7071-7078 Sentence denotes Funding
T51 7079-7084 Sentence denotes None.