PMC:7105881 / 6543-7656 JSONTXT

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    LitCovid-PubTator

    {"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"263","span":{"begin":22,"end":27},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"264","span":{"begin":28,"end":32},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"265","span":{"begin":34,"end":42},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"266","span":{"begin":44,"end":52},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"267","span":{"begin":58,"end":67},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"268","span":{"begin":275,"end":283},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"269","span":{"begin":362,"end":367},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"270","span":{"begin":371,"end":376},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"271","span":{"begin":531,"end":537},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"272","span":{"begin":745,"end":759},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"273","span":{"begin":761,"end":780},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"274","span":{"begin":811,"end":819},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"275","span":{"begin":852,"end":869},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"276","span":{"begin":871,"end":880},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"277","span":{"begin":949,"end":954},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"278","span":{"begin":1091,"end":1099},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"279","span":{"begin":1103,"end":1112},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"280","span":{"begin":737,"end":744},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"281","span":{"begin":87,"end":96},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"282","span":{"begin":134,"end":139},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"283","span":{"begin":147,"end":155},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"284","span":{"begin":497,"end":514},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"285","span":{"begin":576,"end":582},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A263","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"263","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A264","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"264","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A265","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"265","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A266","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"266","obj":"Tax:1335626"},{"id":"A267","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"267","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A268","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"268","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A269","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"269","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A270","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"270","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A271","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"271","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A272","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"272","obj":"Tax:49442"},{"id":"A273","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"273","obj":"Tax:89399"},{"id":"A274","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"274","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A275","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"275","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A276","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"276","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A277","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"277","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A278","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"278","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A279","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"279","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A280","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"280","obj":"Tax:10029"},{"id":"A281","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"281","obj":"MESH:D011014"},{"id":"A282","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"282","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A283","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"283","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A284","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"284","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A285","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"285","obj":"MESH:D003643"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Unlike the above four human CoVs, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV have caused severe pneumonia and/or failure of other organs, even death, among infected populations (Nicholls et al., 2003; Zhong et al., 2003; Zaki et al., 2012; Zhu et al., 2020). The epidemic outbreak of SARS-CoV began in the Guangdong Province of China in November 2002, and spread through human-to-human transmission to other parts of the world within a few months (Ksiazek et al., 2003). From November 2002 to August 2003, SARS-CoV infected more than 8,098 people in 29 counties, resulting in over 774 deaths with ∼10% fatality rate (Du et al., 2009a). Palm civets serving as a potential intermediate host of this virus were traced immediately (Tu et al., 2004). Chinese horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus) are the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV (Li et al., 2005b). Various bat SARS-related CoVs (SARSr-CoV) have been identified in Yunnan, China, several of which can infect human cells, and have been further characterized (Ge et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2017). These discoveries indicate the threat of re-emergence of SARS-CoV or SARSr-CoV."}

    LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":627,"end":631},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":955,"end":960},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A14","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24920"},{"id":"A15","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"}],"text":"Unlike the above four human CoVs, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV have caused severe pneumonia and/or failure of other organs, even death, among infected populations (Nicholls et al., 2003; Zhong et al., 2003; Zaki et al., 2012; Zhu et al., 2020). The epidemic outbreak of SARS-CoV began in the Guangdong Province of China in November 2002, and spread through human-to-human transmission to other parts of the world within a few months (Ksiazek et al., 2003). From November 2002 to August 2003, SARS-CoV infected more than 8,098 people in 29 counties, resulting in over 774 deaths with ∼10% fatality rate (Du et al., 2009a). Palm civets serving as a potential intermediate host of this virus were traced immediately (Tu et al., 2004). Chinese horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus) are the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV (Li et al., 2005b). Various bat SARS-related CoVs (SARSr-CoV) have been identified in Yunnan, China, several of which can infect human cells, and have been further characterized (Ge et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2017). These discoveries indicate the threat of re-emergence of SARS-CoV or SARSr-CoV."}

    LitCovid-PD-UBERON

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":121,"end":127},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A9","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062"}],"text":"Unlike the above four human CoVs, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV have caused severe pneumonia and/or failure of other organs, even death, among infected populations (Nicholls et al., 2003; Zhong et al., 2003; Zaki et al., 2012; Zhu et al., 2020). The epidemic outbreak of SARS-CoV began in the Guangdong Province of China in November 2002, and spread through human-to-human transmission to other parts of the world within a few months (Ksiazek et al., 2003). From November 2002 to August 2003, SARS-CoV infected more than 8,098 people in 29 counties, resulting in over 774 deaths with ∼10% fatality rate (Du et al., 2009a). Palm civets serving as a potential intermediate host of this virus were traced immediately (Tu et al., 2004). Chinese horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus) are the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV (Li et al., 2005b). Various bat SARS-related CoVs (SARSr-CoV) have been identified in Yunnan, China, several of which can infect human cells, and have been further characterized (Ge et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2017). These discoveries indicate the threat of re-emergence of SARS-CoV or SARSr-CoV."}

    LitCovid-PD-MONDO

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":34,"end":42},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":87,"end":96},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":275,"end":283},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":497,"end":505},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":811,"end":819},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":852,"end":856},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":1091,"end":1099},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A26","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T26","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A27","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T27","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A28","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T28","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A29","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T29","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A30","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T30","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A31","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T31","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A32","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T32","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"}],"text":"Unlike the above four human CoVs, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV have caused severe pneumonia and/or failure of other organs, even death, among infected populations (Nicholls et al., 2003; Zhong et al., 2003; Zaki et al., 2012; Zhu et al., 2020). The epidemic outbreak of SARS-CoV began in the Guangdong Province of China in November 2002, and spread through human-to-human transmission to other parts of the world within a few months (Ksiazek et al., 2003). From November 2002 to August 2003, SARS-CoV infected more than 8,098 people in 29 counties, resulting in over 774 deaths with ∼10% fatality rate (Du et al., 2009a). Palm civets serving as a potential intermediate host of this virus were traced immediately (Tu et al., 2004). Chinese horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus) are the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV (Li et al., 2005b). Various bat SARS-related CoVs (SARSr-CoV) have been identified in Yunnan, China, several of which can infect human cells, and have been further characterized (Ge et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2017). These discoveries indicate the threat of re-emergence of SARS-CoV or SARSr-CoV."}

    LitCovid-PD-CLO

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T50","span":{"begin":22,"end":27},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T51","span":{"begin":121,"end":127},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003103"},{"id":"T52","span":{"begin":362,"end":367},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T53","span":{"begin":371,"end":376},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T54","span":{"begin":425,"end":426},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T55","span":{"begin":650,"end":651},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T56","span":{"begin":688,"end":693},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T57","span":{"begin":719,"end":721},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009445"},{"id":"T58","span":{"begin":755,"end":759},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397"},{"id":"T59","span":{"begin":821,"end":823},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001022"},{"id":"T60","span":{"begin":821,"end":823},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007314"},{"id":"T61","span":{"begin":848,"end":851},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397"},{"id":"T62","span":{"begin":949,"end":960},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053065"}],"text":"Unlike the above four human CoVs, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV have caused severe pneumonia and/or failure of other organs, even death, among infected populations (Nicholls et al., 2003; Zhong et al., 2003; Zaki et al., 2012; Zhu et al., 2020). The epidemic outbreak of SARS-CoV began in the Guangdong Province of China in November 2002, and spread through human-to-human transmission to other parts of the world within a few months (Ksiazek et al., 2003). From November 2002 to August 2003, SARS-CoV infected more than 8,098 people in 29 counties, resulting in over 774 deaths with ∼10% fatality rate (Du et al., 2009a). Palm civets serving as a potential intermediate host of this virus were traced immediately (Tu et al., 2004). Chinese horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus) are the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV (Li et al., 2005b). Various bat SARS-related CoVs (SARSr-CoV) have been identified in Yunnan, China, several of which can infect human cells, and have been further characterized (Ge et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2017). These discoveries indicate the threat of re-emergence of SARS-CoV or SARSr-CoV."}

    LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":821,"end":823},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":999,"end":1001},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A19","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T19","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30145"},{"id":"A20","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30441"}],"text":"Unlike the above four human CoVs, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV have caused severe pneumonia and/or failure of other organs, even death, among infected populations (Nicholls et al., 2003; Zhong et al., 2003; Zaki et al., 2012; Zhu et al., 2020). The epidemic outbreak of SARS-CoV began in the Guangdong Province of China in November 2002, and spread through human-to-human transmission to other parts of the world within a few months (Ksiazek et al., 2003). From November 2002 to August 2003, SARS-CoV infected more than 8,098 people in 29 counties, resulting in over 774 deaths with ∼10% fatality rate (Du et al., 2009a). Palm civets serving as a potential intermediate host of this virus were traced immediately (Tu et al., 2004). Chinese horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus) are the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV (Li et al., 2005b). Various bat SARS-related CoVs (SARSr-CoV) have been identified in Yunnan, China, several of which can infect human cells, and have been further characterized (Ge et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2017). These discoveries indicate the threat of re-emergence of SARS-CoV or SARSr-CoV."}

    LitCovid-PD-HP

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":87,"end":96},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A9","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"}],"text":"Unlike the above four human CoVs, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV have caused severe pneumonia and/or failure of other organs, even death, among infected populations (Nicholls et al., 2003; Zhong et al., 2003; Zaki et al., 2012; Zhu et al., 2020). The epidemic outbreak of SARS-CoV began in the Guangdong Province of China in November 2002, and spread through human-to-human transmission to other parts of the world within a few months (Ksiazek et al., 2003). From November 2002 to August 2003, SARS-CoV infected more than 8,098 people in 29 counties, resulting in over 774 deaths with ∼10% fatality rate (Du et al., 2009a). Palm civets serving as a potential intermediate host of this virus were traced immediately (Tu et al., 2004). Chinese horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus) are the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV (Li et al., 2005b). Various bat SARS-related CoVs (SARSr-CoV) have been identified in Yunnan, China, several of which can infect human cells, and have been further characterized (Ge et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2017). These discoveries indicate the threat of re-emergence of SARS-CoV or SARSr-CoV."}

    2_test

    {"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32265848-12781536-36510989","span":{"begin":186,"end":190},"obj":"12781536"},{"id":"32265848-14585636-36510990","span":{"begin":206,"end":210},"obj":"14585636"},{"id":"32265848-23075143-36510991","span":{"begin":225,"end":229},"obj":"23075143"},{"id":"32265848-12690092-36510992","span":{"begin":455,"end":459},"obj":"12690092"},{"id":"32265848-15663874-36510994","span":{"begin":730,"end":734},"obj":"15663874"},{"id":"32265848-24172901-36510996","span":{"begin":1010,"end":1014},"obj":"24172901"},{"id":"32265848-29190287-36510997","span":{"begin":1027,"end":1031},"obj":"29190287"}],"text":"Unlike the above four human CoVs, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV have caused severe pneumonia and/or failure of other organs, even death, among infected populations (Nicholls et al., 2003; Zhong et al., 2003; Zaki et al., 2012; Zhu et al., 2020). The epidemic outbreak of SARS-CoV began in the Guangdong Province of China in November 2002, and spread through human-to-human transmission to other parts of the world within a few months (Ksiazek et al., 2003). From November 2002 to August 2003, SARS-CoV infected more than 8,098 people in 29 counties, resulting in over 774 deaths with ∼10% fatality rate (Du et al., 2009a). Palm civets serving as a potential intermediate host of this virus were traced immediately (Tu et al., 2004). Chinese horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus) are the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV (Li et al., 2005b). Various bat SARS-related CoVs (SARSr-CoV) have been identified in Yunnan, China, several of which can infect human cells, and have been further characterized (Ge et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2017). These discoveries indicate the threat of re-emergence of SARS-CoV or SARSr-CoV."}

    LitCovid-sentences

    {"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T41","span":{"begin":0,"end":249},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T42","span":{"begin":250,"end":461},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T43","span":{"begin":462,"end":626},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":627,"end":736},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":737,"end":839},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":840,"end":1033},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T47","span":{"begin":1034,"end":1113},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Unlike the above four human CoVs, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV have caused severe pneumonia and/or failure of other organs, even death, among infected populations (Nicholls et al., 2003; Zhong et al., 2003; Zaki et al., 2012; Zhu et al., 2020). The epidemic outbreak of SARS-CoV began in the Guangdong Province of China in November 2002, and spread through human-to-human transmission to other parts of the world within a few months (Ksiazek et al., 2003). From November 2002 to August 2003, SARS-CoV infected more than 8,098 people in 29 counties, resulting in over 774 deaths with ∼10% fatality rate (Du et al., 2009a). Palm civets serving as a potential intermediate host of this virus were traced immediately (Tu et al., 2004). Chinese horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus) are the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV (Li et al., 2005b). Various bat SARS-related CoVs (SARSr-CoV) have been identified in Yunnan, China, several of which can infect human cells, and have been further characterized (Ge et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2017). These discoveries indicate the threat of re-emergence of SARS-CoV or SARSr-CoV."}

    LitCovid-PMC-OGER-BB

    {"project":"LitCovid-PMC-OGER-BB","denotations":[{"id":"T105","span":{"begin":22,"end":27},"obj":"SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"T106","span":{"begin":34,"end":42},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T107","span":{"begin":44,"end":52},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T108","span":{"begin":58,"end":67},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T109","span":{"begin":121,"end":127},"obj":"UBERON:0000062"},{"id":"T110","span":{"begin":134,"end":139},"obj":"GO:0016265"},{"id":"T111","span":{"begin":275,"end":283},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T112","span":{"begin":362,"end":367},"obj":"SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"T113","span":{"begin":371,"end":376},"obj":"SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"T114","span":{"begin":497,"end":505},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T115","span":{"begin":531,"end":537},"obj":"NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"T116","span":{"begin":576,"end":582},"obj":"GO:0016265"},{"id":"T117","span":{"begin":627,"end":638},"obj":"SP_5"},{"id":"T118","span":{"begin":688,"end":693},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10239"},{"id":"T119","span":{"begin":745,"end":759},"obj":"SP_2"},{"id":"T120","span":{"begin":761,"end":780},"obj":"NCBITaxon:89399"},{"id":"T121","span":{"begin":811,"end":819},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T122","span":{"begin":848,"end":851},"obj":"SP_2"},{"id":"T123","span":{"begin":852,"end":856},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T124","span":{"begin":949,"end":954},"obj":"SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"T125","span":{"begin":1091,"end":1099},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T96851","span":{"begin":22,"end":27},"obj":"SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"T7604","span":{"begin":34,"end":42},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T63498","span":{"begin":44,"end":52},"obj":"SP_9"},{"id":"T19179","span":{"begin":58,"end":67},"obj":"SP_7"},{"id":"T10559","span":{"begin":121,"end":127},"obj":"UBERON:0000062"},{"id":"T91877","span":{"begin":134,"end":139},"obj":"GO:0016265"},{"id":"T99935","span":{"begin":275,"end":283},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T48144","span":{"begin":362,"end":367},"obj":"SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"T89843","span":{"begin":371,"end":376},"obj":"SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"T58464","span":{"begin":497,"end":505},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T4241","span":{"begin":531,"end":537},"obj":"NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"T44994","span":{"begin":576,"end":582},"obj":"GO:0016265"},{"id":"T19290","span":{"begin":627,"end":638},"obj":"SP_5"},{"id":"T93439","span":{"begin":688,"end":693},"obj":"NCBITaxon:10239"},{"id":"T78441","span":{"begin":745,"end":759},"obj":"SP_2"},{"id":"T53513","span":{"begin":761,"end":780},"obj":"NCBITaxon:89399"},{"id":"T20774","span":{"begin":811,"end":819},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T71311","span":{"begin":848,"end":851},"obj":"SP_2"},{"id":"T21339","span":{"begin":852,"end":856},"obj":"SP_10"},{"id":"T23849","span":{"begin":949,"end":954},"obj":"SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606"},{"id":"T84209","span":{"begin":1091,"end":1099},"obj":"SP_10"}],"text":"Unlike the above four human CoVs, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV have caused severe pneumonia and/or failure of other organs, even death, among infected populations (Nicholls et al., 2003; Zhong et al., 2003; Zaki et al., 2012; Zhu et al., 2020). The epidemic outbreak of SARS-CoV began in the Guangdong Province of China in November 2002, and spread through human-to-human transmission to other parts of the world within a few months (Ksiazek et al., 2003). From November 2002 to August 2003, SARS-CoV infected more than 8,098 people in 29 counties, resulting in over 774 deaths with ∼10% fatality rate (Du et al., 2009a). Palm civets serving as a potential intermediate host of this virus were traced immediately (Tu et al., 2004). Chinese horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus) are the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV (Li et al., 2005b). Various bat SARS-related CoVs (SARSr-CoV) have been identified in Yunnan, China, several of which can infect human cells, and have been further characterized (Ge et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2017). These discoveries indicate the threat of re-emergence of SARS-CoV or SARSr-CoV."}