PMC:7105881 / 18335-21327
Annnotations
LitCovid-PubTator
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 631 | 49-54 | Species | denotes | Human | Tax:9606 |
| 655 | 100-105 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
| 656 | 106-110 | Species | denotes | CoVs | Tax:11118 |
| 657 | 122-131 | Species | denotes | HCoV-229E | Tax:11137 |
| 658 | 133-142 | Species | denotes | HCoV-NL63 | Tax:277944 |
| 659 | 144-153 | Species | denotes | HCoV-OC43 | Tax:31631 |
| 660 | 159-168 | Species | denotes | HCoV-HKU1 | Tax:290028 |
| 661 | 209-215 | Species | denotes | humans | Tax:9606 |
| 662 | 217-225 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
| 663 | 227-235 | Species | denotes | MERS-CoV | Tax:1335626 |
| 664 | 241-249 | Species | denotes | 2019-CoV | Tax:2697049 |
| 665 | 278-283 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
| 666 | 284-288 | Species | denotes | CoVs | Tax:11118 |
| 667 | 392-401 | Species | denotes | 2019-nCoV | Tax:2697049 |
| 668 | 467-475 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
| 669 | 528-532 | Species | denotes | CoVs | Tax:11118 |
| 670 | 542-547 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
| 671 | 682-688 | Species | denotes | humans | Tax:9606 |
| 672 | 717-726 | Species | denotes | 2019-nCoV | Tax:2697049 |
| 673 | 810-818 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
| 674 | 823-831 | Species | denotes | MERS-CoV | Tax:1335626 |
| 675 | 406-425 | Disease | denotes | MERS-CoV infections | MESH:D018352 |
| 676 | 548-558 | Disease | denotes | infections | MESH:D007239 |
| 677 | 668-678 | Disease | denotes | infections | MESH:D007239 |
| 685 | 892-900 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
| 686 | 905-913 | Species | denotes | MERS-CoV | Tax:1335626 |
| 687 | 1139-1145 | Species | denotes | humans | Tax:9606 |
| 688 | 1305-1313 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
| 689 | 1317-1326 | Species | denotes | SARSr-CoV | Tax:694009 |
| 690 | 1437-1446 | Species | denotes | 2019-nCoV | Tax:2697049 |
| 691 | 1233-1246 | Disease | denotes | CoV infection | MESH:D018352 |
| 695 | 1453-1461 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
| 696 | 1466-1474 | Species | denotes | MERS-CoV | Tax:1335626 |
| 697 | 2311-2329 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV infection | MESH:C000657245 |
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T84 | 1566-1574 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T85 | 2248-2256 | Body_part | denotes | antibody | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871 |
| T86 | 2411-2419 | Body_part | denotes | antibody | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871 |
| T87 | 2623-2626 | Body_part | denotes | DNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T68 | 217-225 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T69 | 415-425 | Disease | denotes | infections | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T70 | 467-475 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T71 | 505-509 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T72 | 548-558 | Disease | denotes | infections | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T73 | 668-681 | Disease | denotes | infections in | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T74 | 810-818 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T75 | 892-900 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T76 | 1122-1126 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T77 | 1237-1246 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T78 | 1305-1313 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T79 | 1453-1461 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T80 | 2280-2283 | Disease | denotes | ADE | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019383 |
| T81 | 2311-2329 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T82 | 2320-2329 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T212 | 49-54 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | Human |
| T213 | 100-105 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
| T214 | 209-215 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | humans |
| T215 | 278-283 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
| T216 | 542-547 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
| T217 | 643-650 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | viruses |
| T218 | 682-688 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | humans |
| T219 | 780-785 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 | denotes | focus |
| T220 | 842-843 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T221 | 987-993 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | tested |
| T222 | 1036-1039 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002421 | denotes | Cho |
| T223 | 1036-1039 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052479 | denotes | Cho |
| T224 | 1036-1039 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052480 | denotes | Cho |
| T225 | 1036-1039 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052483 | denotes | Cho |
| T226 | 1036-1039 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052484 | denotes | Cho |
| T227 | 1036-1039 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052485 | denotes | Cho |
| T228 | 1048-1052 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185 | denotes | 2018 |
| T229 | 1139-1145 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | humans |
| T230 | 1551-1558 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | viruses |
| T231 | 1616-1621 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T232 | 1791-1794 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T233 | 1881-1886 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T234 | 2097-2104 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | viruses |
| T235 | 2468-2476 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activity |
| T236 | 2761-2766 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T81 | 1566-1574 | Chemical | denotes | proteins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
| T82 | 1576-1589 | Chemical | denotes | nanoparticles | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803 |
| T83 | 1750-1752 | Chemical | denotes | Al | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28984 |
| T84 | 2623-2626 | Chemical | denotes | DNA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991 |
| T85 | 2631-2643 | Chemical | denotes | nanoparticle | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803 |
| T86 | 2904-2913 | Chemical | denotes | adjuvants | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809 |
| T87 | 2918-2929 | Chemical | denotes | application | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232 |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T20 | 193-205 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 | denotes | pathogenesis |
| T21 | 2014-2030 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 | denotes | immune responses |
| T22 | 2119-2128 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 | denotes | virulence |
| T23 | 2119-2128 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 | denotes | virulence |
| T24 | 2424-2449 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002456 | denotes | cellular immune responses |
| T25 | 2424-2449 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002449 | denotes | cellular immune responses |
| T26 | 2424-2449 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002443 | denotes | cellular immune responses |
| T27 | 2596-2612 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 | denotes | immune responses |
2_test
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 32265848-28466096-36511071 | 318-322 | 28466096 | denotes | 2017 |
| 32265848-30531947-36511072 | 336-340 | 30531947 | denotes | 2019 |
| 32265848-29048984-36511074 | 1048-1052 | 29048984 | denotes | 2018 |
| 32265848-14985131-36511075 | 1658-1662 | 14985131 | denotes | 2004 |
| 32265848-16022774-36511076 | 1678-1682 | 16022774 | denotes | 2005 |
| 32265848-16022898-36511077 | 1696-1700 | 16022898 | denotes | 2005 |
| 32265848-19152635-36511080 | 1744-1748 | 19152635 | denotes | 2009 |
| 32265848-28332568-36511081 | 1766-1770 | 28332568 | denotes | 2017 |
| 32265848-24766432-36511082 | 2193-2197 | 24766432 | denotes | 2014 |
| 32265848-24766432-36511084 | 2986-2990 | 24766432 | denotes | 2014 |
LitCovid-sentences
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T116 | 0-68 | Sentence | denotes | Overview of Vaccines Against Emerging Pathogenic Human Coronaviruses |
| T117 | 69-360 | Sentence | denotes | Unlike the four low pathogenic human CoVs, including HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-HKU1, which cause mild to no pathogenesis in humans, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-CoV are three highly pathogenic human CoVs (Channappanavar and Perlman, 2017; Cui et al., 2019; Zhu et al., 2020). |
| T118 | 361-689 | Sentence | denotes | With the increasing numbers of 2019-nCoV and MERS-CoV infections and continuous threat of re-emergence of SARS-CoV, as well as the potential of SARS- and MERS-related CoVs to cause human infections, it is critical to develop vaccines with strong efficacy and safety targeting these viruses to prevent their infections in humans. |
| T119 | 690-832 | Sentence | denotes | Since the vaccines against 2019-nCoV have not been available, the rest of the review will focus on the vaccines against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. |
| T120 | 833-1054 | Sentence | denotes | Although a variety of vaccines have been developed against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, most of them are in the preclinical studies, and only several have been tested in clinical trials4 ,5 (Du et al., 2016b; Cho et al., 2018). |
| T121 | 1055-1327 | Sentence | denotes | Nevertheless, no vaccines have been approved for the prevention of SARS and MERS in humans, demonstrating the need to develop effective and safe vaccines to control current MERS-CoV infection, or to be stockpiled for potential use against re-emerged SARS-CoV or SARSr-CoV. |
| T122 | 1328-1447 | Sentence | denotes | Particularly, effective and safe vaccines are urgently needed to prevent and control the current outbreak of 2019-nCoV. |
| T123 | 1448-1772 | Sentence | denotes | Most SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV vaccines developed thus far are based on the inactivated or live attenuated viruses, DNAs, proteins, nanoparticles, viral vectors, including virus-like particles (VLPs) (Zeng et al., 2004; Jiang et al., 2005; Liu et al., 2005; Du et al., 2009a, 2016b; Pimentel et al., 2009; Al-Amri et al., 2017). |
| T124 | 1773-1834 | Sentence | denotes | Each vaccine type has different advantages and disadvantages. |
| T125 | 1835-1968 | Sentence | denotes | For instance, inactivated and live-attenuated virus-based vaccines are vaccine types developed using the most traditional approaches. |
| T126 | 1969-2199 | Sentence | denotes | Although they generally induce highly potent immune responses and/or protection, the possibility for incomplete inactivation of viruses or recovering virulence exists, resulting in significant safety concerns (Zhang et al., 2014). |
| T127 | 2200-2350 | Sentence | denotes | Also, these traditional vaccines may induce the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect, as in the case of SARS-CoV infection (Luo et al., 2018b). |
| T128 | 2351-2613 | Sentence | denotes | Similarly, some viral-vectored vaccines can elicit specific antibody and cellular immune responses with neutralizing activity and protection, but they might also induce anti-vector immunity or present pre-existing immunity, causing some harmful immune responses. |
| T129 | 2614-2992 | Sentence | denotes | Instead, DNA and nanoparticle vaccines maintain strong safety profile; however, the immunogenicity of these vaccines is usually lower than that of virus- or viral vector-based vaccines, often requiring optimization of sequences, components, or immunization routes, inclusion of appropriate adjuvants, or application of combinational immunization approaches (Zhang et al., 2014). |
LitCovid-PMC-OGER-BB
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T355 | 49-54 | SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 | denotes | Human |
| T356 | 55-68 | NCBITaxon:11118 | denotes | Coronaviruses |
| T357 | 100-105 | SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 | denotes | human |
| T358 | 209-215 | NCBITaxon:9606 | denotes | humans |
| T359 | 217-225 | SP_10 | denotes | SARS-CoV |
| T360 | 227-235 | SP_9 | denotes | MERS-CoV |
| T361 | 278-283 | SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 | denotes | human |
| T362 | 392-401 | SP_7 | denotes | 2019-nCoV |
| T363 | 406-414 | SP_9 | denotes | MERS-CoV |
| T364 | 467-475 | SP_10 | denotes | SARS-CoV |
| T365 | 505-509 | SP_10 | denotes | SARS |
| T366 | 515-519 | SP_9 | denotes | MERS |
| T367 | 542-547 | SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 | denotes | human |
| T368 | 643-650 | NCBITaxon:10239 | denotes | viruses |
| T369 | 682-688 | NCBITaxon:9606 | denotes | humans |
| T370 | 717-726 | SP_7 | denotes | 2019-nCoV |
| T371 | 810-818 | SP_10 | denotes | SARS-CoV |
| T372 | 823-831 | SP_9 | denotes | MERS-CoV |
| T373 | 892-900 | SP_10 | denotes | SARS-CoV |
| T374 | 905-913 | SP_9 | denotes | MERS-CoV |
| T375 | 1122-1126 | SP_10 | denotes | SARS |
| T376 | 1131-1135 | SP_9 | denotes | MERS |
| T377 | 1139-1145 | NCBITaxon:9606 | denotes | humans |
| T378 | 1212-1219 | GO:0065007 | denotes | control |
| T379 | 1228-1236 | SP_9 | denotes | MERS-CoV |
| T380 | 1305-1313 | SP_10 | denotes | SARS-CoV |
| T381 | 1405-1412 | GO:0065007 | denotes | control |
| T382 | 1437-1446 | SP_7 | denotes | 2019-nCoV |
| T383 | 1453-1461 | SP_10 | denotes | SARS-CoV |
| T384 | 1466-1474 | SP_9 | denotes | MERS-CoV |
| T385 | 1551-1558 | NCBITaxon:10239 | denotes | viruses |
| T386 | 1591-1596 | NCBITaxon:10239;SO:0000440 | denotes | viral |
| T387 | 1597-1604 | SO:0000440 | denotes | vectors |
| T388 | 1616-1621 | NCBITaxon:10239 | denotes | virus |
| T389 | 1881-1886 | NCBITaxon:10239 | denotes | virus |
| T390 | 2014-2020 | UBERON:0002405;GO:0006955 | denotes | immune |
| T391 | 2021-2030 | GO:0006955 | denotes | responses |
| T392 | 2097-2104 | NCBITaxon:10239 | denotes | viruses |
| T393 | 2248-2256 | GO:0042571 | denotes | antibody |
| T394 | 2311-2319 | SP_10 | denotes | SARS-CoV |
| T395 | 2367-2372 | NCBITaxon:10239 | denotes | viral |
| T396 | 2373-2381 | SO:0000440 | denotes | vectored |
| T397 | 2411-2419 | GO:0042571 | denotes | antibody |
| T398 | 2424-2432 | GO:0051716 | denotes | cellular |
| T399 | 2433-2439 | UBERON:0002405;GO:0006955 | denotes | immune |
| T400 | 2440-2449 | GO:0006955 | denotes | responses |
| T401 | 2525-2531 | SO:0000440 | denotes | vector |
| T402 | 2596-2602 | UBERON:0002405;GO:0006955 | denotes | immune |
| T403 | 2603-2612 | GO:0006955 | denotes | responses |
| T404 | 2698-2712 | BV_15 | denotes | immunogenicity |
| T405 | 2761-2766 | NCBITaxon:10239 | denotes | virus |
| T406 | 2771-2776 | NCBITaxon:10239 | denotes | viral |
| T407 | 2777-2783 | SO:0000440 | denotes | vector |
| T408 | 2904-2913 | CHEBI:60809;CHEBI:60809 | denotes | adjuvants |
| T88095 | 49-54 | SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 | denotes | Human |
| T40642 | 55-68 | NCBITaxon:11118 | denotes | Coronaviruses |
| T61524 | 100-105 | SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 | denotes | human |
| T25405 | 209-215 | NCBITaxon:9606 | denotes | humans |
| T83538 | 217-225 | SP_10 | denotes | SARS-CoV |
| T16158 | 227-235 | SP_9 | denotes | MERS-CoV |
| T91311 | 278-283 | SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 | denotes | human |
| T35144 | 392-401 | SP_7 | denotes | 2019-nCoV |
| T65355 | 406-414 | SP_9 | denotes | MERS-CoV |
| T92791 | 467-475 | SP_10 | denotes | SARS-CoV |
| T26724 | 505-509 | SP_10 | denotes | SARS |
| T76725 | 515-519 | SP_9 | denotes | MERS |
| T98869 | 542-547 | SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 | denotes | human |
| T33066 | 643-650 | NCBITaxon:10239 | denotes | viruses |
| T63813 | 682-688 | NCBITaxon:9606 | denotes | humans |
| T85793 | 717-726 | SP_7 | denotes | 2019-nCoV |
| T86382 | 810-818 | SP_10 | denotes | SARS-CoV |
| T30191 | 823-831 | SP_9 | denotes | MERS-CoV |
| T5425 | 892-900 | SP_10 | denotes | SARS-CoV |
| T23084 | 905-913 | SP_9 | denotes | MERS-CoV |
| T67656 | 1122-1126 | SP_10 | denotes | SARS |
| T61421 | 1131-1135 | SP_9 | denotes | MERS |
| T55455 | 1139-1145 | NCBITaxon:9606 | denotes | humans |
| T76193 | 1212-1219 | GO:0065007 | denotes | control |
| T6934 | 1228-1236 | SP_9 | denotes | MERS-CoV |
| T40866 | 1305-1313 | SP_10 | denotes | SARS-CoV |
| T51834 | 1405-1412 | GO:0065007 | denotes | control |
| T36033 | 1437-1446 | SP_7 | denotes | 2019-nCoV |
| T97925 | 1453-1461 | SP_10 | denotes | SARS-CoV |
| T48234 | 1466-1474 | SP_9 | denotes | MERS-CoV |
| T81231 | 1551-1558 | NCBITaxon:10239 | denotes | viruses |
| T61713 | 1591-1596 | NCBITaxon:10239;SO:0000440 | denotes | viral |
| T21939 | 1597-1604 | SO:0000440 | denotes | vectors |
| T81441 | 1616-1621 | NCBITaxon:10239 | denotes | virus |
| T89525 | 1881-1886 | NCBITaxon:10239 | denotes | virus |
| T89830 | 2014-2020 | UBERON:0002405;GO:0006955 | denotes | immune |
| T72003 | 2021-2030 | GO:0006955 | denotes | responses |
| T5521 | 2097-2104 | NCBITaxon:10239 | denotes | viruses |
| T14496 | 2248-2256 | GO:0042571 | denotes | antibody |
| T96652 | 2311-2319 | SP_10 | denotes | SARS-CoV |
| T95896 | 2367-2372 | NCBITaxon:10239 | denotes | viral |
| T48804 | 2373-2381 | SO:0000440 | denotes | vectored |
| T2269 | 2411-2419 | GO:0042571 | denotes | antibody |
| T62217 | 2424-2432 | GO:0051716 | denotes | cellular |
| T20387 | 2433-2439 | UBERON:0002405;GO:0006955 | denotes | immune |
| T86668 | 2440-2449 | GO:0006955 | denotes | responses |
| T3129 | 2525-2531 | SO:0000440 | denotes | vector |
| T89756 | 2596-2602 | UBERON:0002405;GO:0006955 | denotes | immune |
| T30572 | 2603-2612 | GO:0006955 | denotes | responses |
| T59089 | 2698-2712 | BV_15 | denotes | immunogenicity |
| T76777 | 2761-2766 | NCBITaxon:10239 | denotes | virus |
| T8584 | 2771-2776 | NCBITaxon:10239 | denotes | viral |
| T89721 | 2777-2783 | SO:0000440 | denotes | vector |
| T49013 | 2904-2913 | CHEBI:60809;CHEBI:60809 | denotes | adjuvants |