Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T52 |
0-46 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In this outbreak it seems children are spared. |
T53 |
47-145 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Only 0.9% cases are from age 15 or less (Guan et al., 2020), while in China, 0–14 years are 17.2%. |
T54 |
146-228 |
Sentence |
denotes |
To take this effect into account, we assume 10% of the population are ‘protected’. |
T55 |
229-418 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Recent studies showed the serial interval of COVID-19 could be as short as 5 days (Nishiura et al., 2020a), and the median incubation period could be as short as 4 days (Guan et al., 2020). |
T56 |
419-489 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These characteristics imply short latent period and infectious period. |
T57 |
490-590 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Thus, we adopt a relatively shorter mean latent period (3 days) and mean infectious period (4 days). |
T58 |
591-720 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Different from (He et al., 2013), we use the severe cases and deaths in the individual reaction function, instead of deaths only. |
T59 |
721-881 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We also increase the intensity of the governmental action such that the model outcomes (increments in cases) largely match the observed, with a reporting ratio. |
T60 |
882-964 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Namely only a proportion of the model generated cases will be reported in reality. |
T61 |
965-1109 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Many evidences and studies, e.g., (Tuite and Fisman, 2020, Zhao et al., 2020a, Zhao et al., 2020b), suggest the reporting ratio is time-varying. |
T62 |
1110-1150 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We summarise our parameters in Table 1 . |
T63 |
1151-1204 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Table 1 Summary table of the parameters in model (1). |
T64 |
1205-1255 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Parameter Notation Value or range Remark Reference |
T65 |
1256-1315 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Number of zoonotic cases F {0, 10} A stepwise function J.T. |
T66 |
1316-1332 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Wu et al. (2020) |
T67 |
1333-1411 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Initial population size N0 14 million Constant South China Morning Post (2020) |
T68 |
1412-1468 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Initial susceptible population S0 0.9N0 Constant Assumed |
T69 |
1469-1541 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Transmission rate β0 {0.5944, 1.68}a (day−1) A stepwise function Assumed |
T70 |
1542-1627 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Governmental action strength α {0,0.4239,0.8478} A stepwise function He et al. (2013) |
T71 |
1628-1684 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Intensity of responds κ 1117.3 Constant He et al. (2013) |
T72 |
1685-1774 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Emigration rate μ {0, 0.0205} (day−1) A stepwise function South China Morning Post (2020) |
T73 |
1775-1820 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Mean latent period σ−1 3 (days) Constant J.T. |
T74 |
1821-1837 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Wu et al. (2020) |
T75 |
1838-1887 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Mean infectious period γ−1 5 (days) Constant J.T. |
T76 |
1888-1904 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Wu et al. (2020) |
T77 |
1905-1967 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Proportion of severe cases d 0.2 Constant Worldometers. (2020) |
T78 |
1968-2042 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Mean duration of public reaction λ−1 11.2 (days) Constant He et al. (2013) |
T79 |
2043-2184 |
Sentence |
denotes |
a It is derived by assuming that the basic reproduction number, R0=β0γ·σσ+μ=2.8 (referring to Imai et al., 2020, Riou and Althaus, 2020, J.T. |
T80 |
2185-2338 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Wu et al., 2020, Zhao et al., 2020a, Zhao et al., 2020b) when α = 0, by using the next generation matrix approach (van den Driessche and Watmough, 2002). |
T81 |
2339-2381 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The time unit is in year if not mentioned. |