PMC:7102591 / 17811-29991
Annnotations
LitCovid-PubTator
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 533 | 21-29 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 557 | 591-601 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 558 | 612-627 | Species | denotes | Betacoronavirus | Tax:694002 |
| 559 | 666-674 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
| 560 | 679-687 | Species | denotes | MERS-Cov | Tax:1335626 |
| 561 | 1560-1571 | Species | denotes | coronavirus | Tax:11118 |
| 562 | 1636-1645 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 563 | 1674-1679 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
| 564 | 1518-1523 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
| 565 | 770-779 | Chemical | denotes | ribavirin | MESH:D012254 |
| 566 | 785-804 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir-ritonavir | MESH:C558899 |
| 567 | 900-919 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir-ritonavir | MESH:C558899 |
| 568 | 1002-1012 | Chemical | denotes | remdesivir | MESH:C000606551 |
| 569 | 1017-1026 | Chemical | denotes | adenosine | MESH:D000241 |
| 570 | 1324-1343 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir-ritonavir | MESH:C558899 |
| 571 | 1348-1358 | Chemical | denotes | remdesevir | |
| 572 | 153-168 | Disease | denotes | CoV-2 infection | MESH:C000657245 |
| 573 | 209-217 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 574 | 414-422 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 575 | 523-539 | Disease | denotes | viral infections | MESH:D001102 |
| 576 | 836-844 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 577 | 1092-1107 | Disease | denotes | virus infection | MESH:D001102 |
| 578 | 1283-1303 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 infection | MESH:C000657245 |
| 579 | 1456-1464 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 595 | 2408-2413 | Gene | denotes | ACE 2 | Gene:59272 |
| 596 | 2436-2440 | Gene | denotes | IL-6 | Gene:3569 |
| 597 | 2706-2709 | Gene | denotes | NAK | Gene:29110 |
| 598 | 3036-3040 | Gene | denotes | ACE2 | Gene:59272 |
| 599 | 2867-2870 | Gene | denotes | TNF | Gene:7124 |
| 600 | 2545-2553 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 601 | 2502-2506 | Disease | denotes | ARDS | MESH:D012128 |
| 602 | 2597-2606 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
| 603 | 2819-2823 | Disease | denotes | ARDS | MESH:D012128 |
| 604 | 2842-2866 | Disease | denotes | secondary HZV infections | MESH:D060085 |
| 605 | 2951-2966 | Disease | denotes | viral infection | MESH:D001102 |
| 606 | 3067-3072 | Disease | denotes | fever | MESH:D005334 |
| 607 | 3117-3132 | Disease | denotes | viral infection | MESH:D001102 |
| 608 | 3143-3152 | Disease | denotes | mortality | MESH:D003643 |
| 609 | 3188-3204 | Disease | denotes | fungal infection | MESH:D009181 |
| 612 | 2181-2189 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 613 | 2190-2199 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 620 | 3205-3209 | Gene | denotes | ACE2 | Gene:59272 |
| 621 | 3212-3243 | Gene | denotes | angiotensin converting enzyme 2 | Gene:59272 |
| 622 | 3289-3292 | Gene | denotes | NAK | Gene:29110 |
| 623 | 3295-3317 | Gene | denotes | numb-associated kinase | Gene:29110 |
| 624 | 3245-3249 | Disease | denotes | ARDS | MESH:D012128 |
| 625 | 3252-3287 | Disease | denotes | acute respiratory distress syndrome | MESH:D012128 |
| 629 | 1975-1977 | Disease | denotes | RA | MESH:D001172 |
| 630 | 2023-2031 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 631 | 2109-2118 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 633 | 3417-3447 | Chemical | denotes | Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine | |
| 640 | 3872-3888 | Species | denotes | SARS coronavirus | Tax:694009 |
| 641 | 3448-3459 | Chemical | denotes | Chloroquine | MESH:D002738 |
| 642 | 3464-3482 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | MESH:D006886 |
| 643 | 3669-3680 | Chemical | denotes | chloroquine | MESH:D002738 |
| 644 | 3603-3634 | Disease | denotes | immuno-rheumatological diseases | MESH:D000163 |
| 645 | 3645-3647 | Disease | denotes | RA | MESH:D001172 |
| 657 | 4247-4252 | Gene | denotes | ACE 2 | Gene:59272 |
| 658 | 4750-4758 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 659 | 4052-4063 | Chemical | denotes | chloroquine | MESH:D002738 |
| 660 | 4471-4482 | Chemical | denotes | chloroquine | MESH:D002738 |
| 661 | 4782-4793 | Chemical | denotes | chloroquine | MESH:D002738 |
| 662 | 5035-5053 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | MESH:D006886 |
| 663 | 5107-5118 | Chemical | denotes | chloroquine | MESH:D002738 |
| 664 | 4433-4451 | Disease | denotes | SARS CoV infection | MESH:C000657245 |
| 665 | 4622-4630 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 666 | 4898-4907 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
| 667 | 5344-5364 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 infection | MESH:C000657245 |
| 670 | 5377-5381 | Gene | denotes | IL-6 | Gene:3569 |
| 671 | 5386-5390 | Gene | denotes | IL-1 | Gene:3552 |
| 703 | 6021-6025 | Gene | denotes | IL-6 | Gene:3569 |
| 704 | 6030-6034 | Gene | denotes | IL-1 | Gene:3552 |
| 705 | 6232-6236 | Gene | denotes | IL-1 | Gene:3552 |
| 706 | 6548-6551 | Gene | denotes | CRP | Gene:1401 |
| 707 | 6820-6824 | Gene | denotes | IL-6 | Gene:3569 |
| 708 | 7131-7135 | Gene | denotes | IL-6 | Gene:3569 |
| 709 | 6163-6172 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 710 | 6306-6314 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 711 | 6412-6420 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 712 | 6596-6604 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 713 | 6774-6782 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 714 | 6954-6962 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 715 | 6467-6478 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | MESH:C502936 |
| 716 | 6514-6520 | Chemical | denotes | oxygen | MESH:D010100 |
| 717 | 6632-6643 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | MESH:C502936 |
| 718 | 7146-7155 | Chemical | denotes | sarilumab | MESH:C000592401 |
| 719 | 5422-5426 | Disease | denotes | ARDS | MESH:D012128 |
| 720 | 5460-5468 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 721 | 5469-5478 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 722 | 5595-5606 | Disease | denotes | lung injury | MESH:D055370 |
| 723 | 5862-5878 | Disease | denotes | viral infections | MESH:D001102 |
| 724 | 6001-6009 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 725 | 6194-6203 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
| 726 | 6260-6266 | Disease | denotes | sepsis | MESH:D018805 |
| 727 | 6440-6448 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 728 | 6685-6687 | Disease | denotes | RA | MESH:D001172 |
| 729 | 6788-6806 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 pneumonia | MESH:C000657245 |
| 730 | 6968-6977 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
| 731 | 6988-7007 | Disease | denotes | respiratory failure | MESH:D012131 |
| 732 | 7022-7031 | Disease | denotes | mortality | MESH:D003643 |
| 733 | 7062-7072 | Disease | denotes | TOCIVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 746 | 7457-7460 | Gene | denotes | CD4 | Gene:920 |
| 747 | 7465-7468 | Gene | denotes | CD8 | Gene:925 |
| 748 | 7549-7553 | Gene | denotes | IL-6 | Gene:3569 |
| 749 | 7371-7379 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 750 | 7694-7702 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 751 | 7889-7897 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 752 | 7294-7302 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 753 | 7303-7312 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 754 | 7413-7424 | Disease | denotes | lung injury | MESH:D055370 |
| 755 | 7665-7685 | Disease | denotes | critically pneumonia | MESH:D016638 |
| 756 | 7703-7711 | Disease | denotes | infected | MESH:D007239 |
| 757 | 7717-7725 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 759 | 7948-7951 | Gene | denotes | TNF | Gene:7124 |
| 764 | 8046-8050 | Gene | denotes | ACE2 | Gene:59272 |
| 765 | 8104-8109 | Gene | denotes | renin | Gene:5972 |
| 766 | 7988-8006 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV infection | MESH:C000657245 |
| 767 | 8145-8156 | Disease | denotes | lung injury | MESH:D055370 |
| 778 | 8217-8240 | Gene | denotes | TNF-α-converting enzyme | Gene:6868 |
| 779 | 8242-8246 | Gene | denotes | TACE | Gene:6868 |
| 780 | 8274-8278 | Gene | denotes | ACE2 | Gene:59272 |
| 781 | 8403-8407 | Gene | denotes | TNFα | Gene:7124 |
| 782 | 8459-8462 | Gene | denotes | TNF | Gene:7124 |
| 783 | 8508-8517 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 784 | 8599-8609 | Chemical | denotes | adalimumab | MESH:D000068879 |
| 785 | 8518-8527 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 786 | 8613-8621 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 787 | 8622-8631 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 829 | 8948-8970 | Gene | denotes | numb-associated kinase | Gene:29110 |
| 830 | 8972-8975 | Gene | denotes | NAK | Gene:29110 |
| 831 | 8993-9024 | Gene | denotes | AP2-associated protein kinase 1 | Gene:22848 |
| 832 | 9026-9030 | Gene | denotes | AAK1 | Gene:22848 |
| 833 | 9036-9062 | Gene | denotes | cyclin G-associated kinase | Gene:2580 |
| 834 | 9064-9067 | Gene | denotes | GAK | Gene:2580 |
| 835 | 9090-9094 | Gene | denotes | AAK1 | Gene:22848 |
| 836 | 9212-9216 | Gene | denotes | AAK1 | Gene:22848 |
| 837 | 9262-9266 | Gene | denotes | AAK1 | Gene:22848 |
| 838 | 9573-9576 | Gene | denotes | NAK | Gene:29110 |
| 839 | 9801-9805 | Gene | denotes | AAK1 | Gene:22848 |
| 840 | 9810-9813 | Gene | denotes | GAK | Gene:2580 |
| 841 | 9963-9974 | Gene | denotes | JAK 1 and 2 | Gene:3716 |
| 842 | 10087-10091 | Gene | denotes | IL-6 | Gene:3569 |
| 843 | 10508-10512 | Gene | denotes | AAK1 | Gene:22848 |
| 844 | 10096-10112 | Gene | denotes | interferon gamma | Gene:3458 |
| 845 | 8785-8795 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 846 | 9443-9455 | Species | denotes | Dengue virus | Tax:12637 |
| 847 | 9457-9468 | Species | denotes | Ebola virus | Tax:205488 |
| 848 | 9474-9501 | Species | denotes | respiratory syncytial virus | Tax:12814 |
| 849 | 9709-9716 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
| 850 | 9326-9335 | Chemical | denotes | erlotinib | MESH:D000069347 |
| 851 | 9337-9346 | Chemical | denotes | sunitinib | MESH:D000077210 |
| 852 | 9348-9359 | Chemical | denotes | ruxolitinib | MESH:C540383 |
| 853 | 9365-9375 | Chemical | denotes | fedratinib | MESH:C528327 |
| 854 | 9758-9769 | Chemical | denotes | baricitinib | MESH:C000596027 |
| 855 | 9976-9987 | Chemical | denotes | baricitinib | MESH:C000596027 |
| 856 | 10241-10252 | Chemical | denotes | baricitinib | MESH:C000596027 |
| 857 | 10405-10424 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir/ritonavir | MESH:C558899 |
| 858 | 10429-10439 | Chemical | denotes | remdesivir | MESH:C000606551 |
| 859 | 10462-10473 | Chemical | denotes | tofacitinib | MESH:C479163 |
| 860 | 10642-10654 | Chemical | denotes | upadacitinib | MESH:C000613732 |
| 861 | 10658-10668 | Chemical | denotes | filgotinib | MESH:C584571 |
| 862 | 10874-10885 | Chemical | denotes | ruxolitinib | MESH:C540383 |
| 863 | 9421-9430 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 864 | 9897-9899 | Disease | denotes | RA | MESH:D001172 |
| 865 | 10168-10177 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
| 866 | 10185-10193 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 867 | 10630-10632 | Disease | denotes | RA | MESH:D001172 |
| 868 | 10685-10706 | Disease | denotes | coronavirus infection | MESH:D018352 |
| 869 | 10839-10847 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 876 | 11863-11872 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 877 | 11531-11540 | Species | denotes | Influenza | Tax:11309 |
| 878 | 11722-11733 | Chemical | denotes | baricitinib | MESH:C000596027 |
| 879 | 11035-11044 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 880 | 11246-11254 | Disease | denotes | infected | MESH:D007239 |
| 881 | 11873-11882 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 886 | 11971-11982 | Chemical | denotes | baricitinib | MESH:C000596027 |
| 887 | 12003-12011 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 888 | 12012-12021 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 889 | 12164-12179 | Disease | denotes | viral pneumonia |
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T69 | 1203-1206 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T70 | 1687-1692 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T71 | 2254-2263 | Body_part | denotes | endosomal | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67180 |
| T72 | 2286-2290 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T73 | 2465-2473 | Body_part | denotes | cytokine | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050 |
| T74 | 2689-2693 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T75 | 2782-2790 | Body_part | denotes | cytokine | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050 |
| T76 | 2927-2931 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T77 | 4088-4097 | Body_part | denotes | endosomal | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67180 |
| T78 | 4120-4124 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T79 | 4844-4848 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195 |
| T80 | 5386-5390 | Body_part | denotes | IL-1 | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583 |
| T81 | 5595-5599 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195 |
| T82 | 5679-5688 | Body_part | denotes | cytokines | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050 |
| T83 | 5748-5759 | Body_part | denotes | lymphocytes | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863 |
| T84 | 5784-5789 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T85 | 5908-5925 | Body_part | denotes | cytotoxic T cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma70573 |
| T86 | 5920-5925 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T87 | 6030-6034 | Body_part | denotes | IL-1 | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583 |
| T88 | 6232-6236 | Body_part | denotes | IL-1 | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583 |
| T89 | 6563-6574 | Body_part | denotes | lymphocytes | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863 |
| T90 | 6692-6700 | Body_part | denotes | cytokine | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050 |
| T91 | 7413-7417 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195 |
| T92 | 7469-7482 | Body_part | denotes | T-lymphocytes | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62870 |
| T93 | 7568-7573 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670 |
| T94 | 7762-7773 | Body_part | denotes | erythrocyte | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62845 |
| T95 | 7807-7815 | Body_part | denotes | platelet | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62851 |
| T96 | 8145-8149 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195 |
| T97 | 8189-8196 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T98 | 8341-8345 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T99 | 8547-8552 | Body_part | denotes | organ | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67498 |
| T100 | 8812-8817 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T101 | 8899-8907 | Body_part | denotes | clathrin | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62262 |
| T102 | 9008-9015 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T103 | 9133-9137 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195 |
| T104 | 9138-9143 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T105 | 9434-9439 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T106 | 9821-9827 | Body_part | denotes | plasma | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970 |
| T107 | 10779-10787 | Body_part | denotes | clathrin | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62262 |
| T108 | 11255-11260 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T21 | 4844-4848 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 |
| T22 | 5595-5599 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 |
| T23 | 7413-7417 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 |
| T24 | 7568-7573 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 |
| T25 | 8104-8128 | Body_part | denotes | renin-angiotensin system | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0018229 |
| T26 | 8145-8149 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 |
| T27 | 8547-8552 | Body_part | denotes | organ | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062 |
| T28 | 9133-9137 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 |
LitCovid_AGAC
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| p51644s32 | 4199-4221 | MPA | denotes | terminal glycosylation |
| p51645s8 | 4327-4344 | MPA | denotes | -receptor binding |
| p51651s48 | 5616-5626 | CPA | denotes | to multior |
| p51653s23 | 5958-5967 | NegReg | denotes | decreased |
| p51653s25 | 5974-5983 | CPA | denotes | clearance |
| p51664s14 | 8026-8040 | NegReg | denotes | a downregulati |
| p51664s17 | 8046-8056 | MPA | denotes | ACE2 expre |
| p51664s21 | 8075-8084 | PosReg | denotes | an increa |
| p51664s22 | 8078-8086 | MPA | denotes | increase |
| p51685s7 | 11559-11577 | Pathway | denotes | JAK/STAT signaling |
| p51685s12 | 11581-11589 | NegReg | denotes | reducing |
| p51685s14 | 11594-11604 | MPA | denotes | expression |
| p51685s22 | 11641-11651 | NegReg | denotes | inhibiting |
| p51685s23 | 11652-11665 | Pathway | denotes | IFN signaling |
| p51686s18 | 11774-11802 | MPA | denotes | mediated anti-viral response |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T209 | 21-29 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T210 | 148-156 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T211 | 159-168 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T212 | 209-217 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T213 | 414-422 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T214 | 523-539 | Disease | denotes | viral infections | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108 |
| T215 | 591-599 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T216 | 666-674 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T217 | 836-844 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T218 | 1086-1091 | Disease | denotes | Ebola | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737 |
| T219 | 1092-1107 | Disease | denotes | virus infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108 |
| T220 | 1098-1107 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T221 | 1283-1291 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T222 | 1294-1303 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T223 | 1456-1464 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T224 | 1636-1640 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T225 | 1975-1977 | Disease | denotes | RA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005272|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008383 |
| T227 | 2023-2031 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T228 | 2109-2118 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T229 | 2181-2189 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T230 | 2190-2199 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T231 | 2502-2506 | Disease | denotes | ARDS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502 |
| T232 | 2597-2606 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
| T233 | 2819-2823 | Disease | denotes | ARDS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502 |
| T234 | 2856-2866 | Disease | denotes | infections | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T235 | 2951-2966 | Disease | denotes | viral infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108 |
| T236 | 2957-2966 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T237 | 3117-3132 | Disease | denotes | viral infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108 |
| T238 | 3123-3132 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T239 | 3188-3204 | Disease | denotes | fungal infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002041 |
| T240 | 3195-3204 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T241 | 3245-3249 | Disease | denotes | ARDS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502 |
| T242 | 3252-3287 | Disease | denotes | acute respiratory distress syndrome | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502 |
| T243 | 3258-3287 | Disease | denotes | respiratory distress syndrome | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009971 |
| T244 | 3332-3338 | Disease | denotes | Zoster | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005609 |
| T245 | 3645-3647 | Disease | denotes | RA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005272|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008383 |
| T247 | 3872-3876 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T248 | 4433-4437 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T249 | 4442-4451 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T250 | 4622-4630 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T251 | 4898-4907 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
| T252 | 5344-5352 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T253 | 5355-5364 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T254 | 5422-5426 | Disease | denotes | ARDS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502 |
| T255 | 5460-5468 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T256 | 5469-5478 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T257 | 5552-5555 | Disease | denotes | CRS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007399|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017361 |
| T259 | 5600-5606 | Disease | denotes | injury | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178 |
| T260 | 5619-5637 | Disease | denotes | multiorgan failure | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0043726 |
| T261 | 5862-5878 | Disease | denotes | viral infections | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108 |
| T262 | 5927-5930 | Disease | denotes | CRS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007399|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017361 |
| T264 | 6001-6009 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T265 | 6163-6167 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T266 | 6194-6203 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
| T267 | 6440-6448 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T268 | 6685-6687 | Disease | denotes | RA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005272|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008383 |
| T270 | 6788-6796 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T271 | 6797-6806 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
| T272 | 6968-6977 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
| T273 | 6988-7007 | Disease | denotes | respiratory failure | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021113 |
| T274 | 7283-7286 | Disease | denotes | CRS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007399|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017361 |
| T276 | 7294-7302 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T277 | 7303-7312 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T278 | 7418-7424 | Disease | denotes | injury | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178 |
| T279 | 7627-7630 | Disease | denotes | CRS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007399|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017361 |
| T281 | 7676-7685 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
| T282 | 7717-7725 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T283 | 7988-8006 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T284 | 7997-8006 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T285 | 8150-8156 | Disease | denotes | injury | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178 |
| T286 | 8508-8512 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T287 | 8518-8527 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T288 | 8613-8621 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T289 | 8622-8631 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T290 | 8785-8793 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T291 | 9421-9430 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T292 | 9443-9449 | Disease | denotes | Dengue | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005502 |
| T293 | 9457-9462 | Disease | denotes | Ebola | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737 |
| T294 | 9897-9899 | Disease | denotes | RA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005272|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008383 |
| T296 | 10072-10075 | Disease | denotes | CRS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007399|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017361 |
| T298 | 10168-10177 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
| T299 | 10185-10193 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T300 | 10630-10632 | Disease | denotes | RA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005272|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008383 |
| T302 | 10697-10706 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T303 | 10839-10847 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T304 | 11035-11044 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T305 | 11531-11540 | Disease | denotes | Influenza | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812 |
| T306 | 11863-11867 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T307 | 11873-11882 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T308 | 12003-12011 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T309 | 12012-12021 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T310 | 12164-12179 | Disease | denotes | viral pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006012 |
| T311 | 12170-12179 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T126 | 31-32 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T127 | 250-251 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T128 | 446-453 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | testing |
| T129 | 1092-1097 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T130 | 1114-1117 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T131 | 1146-1147 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T132 | 1184-1185 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T133 | 1207-1214 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | viruses |
| T134 | 1518-1523 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
| T135 | 1674-1679 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
| T136 | 1687-1692 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T137 | 2035-2036 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T138 | 2280-2285 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T139 | 2286-2290 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
| T140 | 2332-2340 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activity |
| T141 | 2689-2693 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
| T142 | 2927-2931 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
| T143 | 3339-3344 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T144 | 3713-3716 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T145 | 3853-3860 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | viruses |
| T146 | 4114-4119 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T147 | 4120-4124 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
| T148 | 4167-4175 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activity |
| T149 | 4322-4327 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T150 | 4359-4360 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T151 | 4456-4457 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T152 | 4483-4486 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T153 | 4594-4600 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | tested |
| T154 | 4844-4848 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 | denotes | lung |
| T155 | 4844-4848 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 | denotes | lung |
| T156 | 4919-4920 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T157 | 4921-4926 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T158 | 5236-5237 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T159 | 5595-5599 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 | denotes | lung |
| T160 | 5595-5599 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 | denotes | lung |
| T161 | 5639-5641 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 | denotes | 22 |
| T162 | 5782-5789 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084 | denotes | T-cells |
| T163 | 5814-5816 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001527 | denotes | 94 |
| T164 | 5894-5904 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activation |
| T165 | 5918-5925 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084 | denotes | T cells |
| T166 | 5956-5957 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T167 | 6040-6041 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T168 | 6215-6216 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T169 | 6378-6379 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T170 | 6611-6612 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T171 | 6719-6722 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T172 | 6855-6856 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T173 | 6872-6875 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T174 | 7202-7203 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T175 | 7215-7216 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T176 | 7260-7261 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T177 | 7397-7398 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T178 | 7413-7417 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 | denotes | lung |
| T179 | 7413-7417 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 | denotes | lung |
| T180 | 7457-7460 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001004 | denotes | CD4 |
| T181 | 7465-7468 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053438 | denotes | CD8 |
| T182 | 7568-7573 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 | denotes | blood |
| T183 | 7568-7573 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 | denotes | blood |
| T184 | 7634-7635 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T185 | 7662-7664 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 | denotes | 11 |
| T186 | 7762-7773 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000232 | denotes | erythrocyte |
| T187 | 7937-7939 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 | denotes | 22 |
| T188 | 8026-8027 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T189 | 8088-8096 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activity |
| T190 | 8145-8149 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 | denotes | lung |
| T191 | 8145-8149 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 | denotes | lung |
| T192 | 8215-8216 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T193 | 8326-8331 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T194 | 8341-8345 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
| T195 | 8423-8426 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T196 | 8547-8552 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003103 | denotes | organ |
| T197 | 8570-8571 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T198 | 8580-8581 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T199 | 8632-8635 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T200 | 8812-8817 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T201 | 9064-9067 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0037126 | denotes | GAK |
| T202 | 9122-9127 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T203 | 9133-9137 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 | denotes | lung |
| T204 | 9133-9137 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 | denotes | lung |
| T205 | 9138-9143 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T206 | 9183-9188 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T207 | 9200-9203 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054060 | denotes | 102 |
| T208 | 9434-9439 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T209 | 9450-9455 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T210 | 9463-9468 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T211 | 9496-9501 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T212 | 9810-9813 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0037126 | denotes | GAK |
| T213 | 9821-9827 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 | denotes | plasma |
| T214 | 9938-9939 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T215 | 10096-10112 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000000017 | denotes | interferon gamma |
| T216 | 10316-10317 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T217 | 10619-10625 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | tested |
| T218 | 11056-11066 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activation |
| T219 | 11101-11110 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 | denotes | signaling |
| T220 | 11186-11191 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | genes |
| T221 | 11231-11238 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | viruses |
| T222 | 11255-11260 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T223 | 11279-11286 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | viruses |
| T224 | 11381-11390 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 | denotes | signaling |
| T225 | 11541-11542 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T226 | 11543-11550 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | viruses |
| T227 | 11568-11577 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 | denotes | signaling |
| T228 | 11656-11665 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 | denotes | signaling |
| T229 | 11667-11670 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053001 | denotes | 114 |
| T230 | 11676-11677 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T231 | 11809-11810 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T132 | 42-62 | Chemical | denotes | anti-rheumatic drugs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35842 |
| T133 | 57-62 | Chemical | denotes | drugs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
| T134 | 483-498 | Chemical | denotes | antiviral drugs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36044 |
| T135 | 483-492 | Chemical | denotes | antiviral | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587 |
| T136 | 493-498 | Chemical | denotes | drugs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
| T137 | 698-703 | Chemical | denotes | drugs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
| T138 | 758-768 | Chemical | denotes | interferon | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999 |
| T139 | 770-779 | Chemical | denotes | ribavirin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63580 |
| T140 | 785-804 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir-ritonavir | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145924 |
| T141 | 785-794 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31781 |
| T142 | 795-804 | Chemical | denotes | ritonavir | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45409 |
| T143 | 900-919 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir-ritonavir | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145924 |
| T144 | 900-909 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31781 |
| T145 | 910-919 | Chemical | denotes | ritonavir | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45409 |
| T146 | 1002-1012 | Chemical | denotes | remdesivir | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145994 |
| T147 | 1017-1026 | Chemical | denotes | adenosine | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16335 |
| T148 | 1158-1167 | Chemical | denotes | antiviral | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587 |
| T149 | 1324-1343 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir-ritonavir | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145924 |
| T150 | 1324-1333 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31781 |
| T151 | 1334-1343 | Chemical | denotes | ritonavir | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45409 |
| T152 | 1393-1398 | Chemical | denotes | drugs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
| T153 | 1935-1940 | Chemical | denotes | drugs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
| T154 | 1975-1977 | Chemical | denotes | RA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73810 |
| T155 | 2157-2177 | Chemical | denotes | anti-rheumatic drugs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35842 |
| T156 | 2172-2177 | Chemical | denotes | drugs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
| T157 | 2211-2222 | Chemical | denotes | Chloroquine | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638 |
| T158 | 2436-2438 | Chemical | denotes | IL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072 |
| T160 | 2441-2451 | Chemical | denotes | inhibitors | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222 |
| T161 | 2871-2881 | Chemical | denotes | inhibitors | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222 |
| T162 | 2972-2978 | Chemical | denotes | NSAIDs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35475 |
| T163 | 3212-3223 | Chemical | denotes | angiotensin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433 |
| T164 | 3352-3362 | Chemical | denotes | interferon | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999 |
| T165 | 3364-3370 | Chemical | denotes | NSAIDs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35475 |
| T166 | 3373-3409 | Chemical | denotes | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35475 |
| T167 | 3386-3409 | Chemical | denotes | anti-inflammatory drugs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35472 |
| T168 | 3404-3409 | Chemical | denotes | drugs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
| T169 | 3417-3428 | Chemical | denotes | Chloroquine | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638 |
| T170 | 3429-3447 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5801 |
| T171 | 3448-3459 | Chemical | denotes | Chloroquine | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638 |
| T172 | 3464-3482 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5801 |
| T173 | 3513-3518 | Chemical | denotes | drugs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
| T174 | 3645-3647 | Chemical | denotes | RA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73810 |
| T175 | 3669-3680 | Chemical | denotes | chloroquine | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638 |
| T176 | 3787-3791 | Chemical | denotes | drug | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
| T177 | 4052-4063 | Chemical | denotes | chloroquine | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638 |
| T178 | 4385-4389 | Chemical | denotes | drug | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
| T179 | 4471-4482 | Chemical | denotes | chloroquine | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638 |
| T180 | 4687-4692 | Chemical | denotes | drugs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
| T181 | 4782-4793 | Chemical | denotes | chloroquine | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638 |
| T182 | 5035-5053 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5801 |
| T183 | 5107-5118 | Chemical | denotes | chloroquine | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638 |
| T184 | 5377-5379 | Chemical | denotes | IL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072 |
| T186 | 5386-5388 | Chemical | denotes | IL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072 |
| T188 | 6021-6023 | Chemical | denotes | IL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072 |
| T190 | 6030-6032 | Chemical | denotes | IL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072 |
| T192 | 6232-6234 | Chemical | denotes | IL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072 |
| T194 | 6467-6478 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64360 |
| T195 | 6514-6520 | Chemical | denotes | oxygen | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25805 |
| T196 | 6632-6643 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64360 |
| T197 | 6645-6647 | Chemical | denotes | IL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072 |
| T199 | 6685-6687 | Chemical | denotes | RA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73810 |
| T200 | 6820-6822 | Chemical | denotes | IL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072 |
| T202 | 6863-6865 | Chemical | denotes | II | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067 |
| T203 | 7131-7133 | Chemical | denotes | IL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072 |
| T205 | 7136-7145 | Chemical | denotes | inhibitor | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222 |
| T206 | 7549-7551 | Chemical | denotes | IL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072 |
| T208 | 7952-7962 | Chemical | denotes | inhibitors | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222 |
| T209 | 8110-8121 | Chemical | denotes | angiotensin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433 |
| T210 | 8189-8196 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
| T211 | 8463-8473 | Chemical | denotes | inhibitors | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222 |
| T212 | 8739-8749 | Chemical | denotes | inhibitors | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222 |
| T213 | 9008-9015 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
| T214 | 9326-9335 | Chemical | denotes | erlotinib | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_114785 |
| T215 | 9337-9346 | Chemical | denotes | sunitinib | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38940 |
| T216 | 9348-9359 | Chemical | denotes | ruxolitinib | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_66919 |
| T217 | 9748-9757 | Chemical | denotes | inhibitor | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222 |
| T218 | 9897-9899 | Chemical | denotes | RA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73810 |
| T219 | 9950-9959 | Chemical | denotes | inhibitor | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222 |
| T220 | 10087-10089 | Chemical | denotes | IL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072 |
| T222 | 10096-10106 | Chemical | denotes | interferon | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999 |
| T223 | 10107-10112 | Chemical | denotes | gamma | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30212 |
| T224 | 10271-10274 | Chemical | denotes | CYP | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38559 |
| T225 | 10275-10279 | Chemical | denotes | drug | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
| T226 | 10311-10315 | Chemical | denotes | drug | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
| T227 | 10381-10396 | Chemical | denotes | antiviral drugs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36044 |
| T228 | 10381-10390 | Chemical | denotes | antiviral | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587 |
| T229 | 10391-10396 | Chemical | denotes | drugs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
| T230 | 10405-10424 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir/ritonavir | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145924 |
| T231 | 10405-10414 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31781 |
| T232 | 10415-10424 | Chemical | denotes | ritonavir | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45409 |
| T233 | 10429-10439 | Chemical | denotes | remdesivir | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145994 |
| T234 | 10462-10473 | Chemical | denotes | tofacitinib | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_71200 |
| T235 | 10596-10606 | Chemical | denotes | inhibitors | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222 |
| T236 | 10630-10632 | Chemical | denotes | RA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73810 |
| T237 | 10874-10885 | Chemical | denotes | ruxolitinib | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_66919 |
| T238 | 11164-11174 | Chemical | denotes | interferon | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999 |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T26 | 523-539 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 | denotes | viral infections |
| T27 | 2286-2297 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0140253 | denotes | cell fusion |
| T28 | 2286-2297 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045026 | denotes | cell fusion |
| T29 | 2286-2297 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000768 | denotes | cell fusion |
| T30 | 2286-2297 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000747 | denotes | cell fusion |
| T31 | 2323-2340 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0038024 | denotes | receptor activity |
| T32 | 2360-2382 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033578 | denotes | terminal glycosylation |
| T33 | 2369-2382 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070085 | denotes | glycosylation |
| T34 | 2662-2679 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046718 | denotes | viral penetration |
| T35 | 2719-2730 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006897 | denotes | endocytosis |
| T36 | 2900-2917 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046718 | denotes | viral penetration |
| T37 | 2951-2966 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 | denotes | viral infection |
| T38 | 2997-3014 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046718 | denotes | viral penetration |
| T39 | 3117-3132 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 | denotes | viral infection |
| T40 | 3822-3828 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 | denotes | growth |
| T41 | 4120-4131 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0140253 | denotes | cell fusion |
| T42 | 4120-4131 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045026 | denotes | cell fusion |
| T43 | 4120-4131 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000768 | denotes | cell fusion |
| T44 | 4120-4131 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000747 | denotes | cell fusion |
| T45 | 4158-4175 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0038024 | denotes | receptor activity |
| T46 | 4199-4221 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033578 | denotes | terminal glycosylation |
| T47 | 4208-4221 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070085 | denotes | glycosylation |
| T48 | 5573-5590 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 | denotes | viral replication |
| T49 | 5573-5590 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 | denotes | viral replication |
| T50 | 5838-5853 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 | denotes | immune response |
| T51 | 5862-5878 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 | denotes | viral infections |
| T52 | 8732-8749 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033673 | denotes | kinase inhibitors |
| T53 | 8826-8855 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006898 | denotes | receptor-mediated endocytosis |
| T54 | 8844-8855 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006897 | denotes | endocytosis |
| T55 | 8885-8928 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000369 | denotes | regulators of clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
| T56 | 8899-8928 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072583 | denotes | clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
| T57 | 8917-8928 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006897 | denotes | endocytosis |
| T58 | 9036-9042 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016538 | denotes | cyclin |
| T59 | 10043-10064 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 | denotes | inflammatory response |
| T60 | 10779-10808 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072583 | denotes | clathrin-mediated endocytosis |
| T61 | 10797-10808 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006897 | denotes | endocytosis |
| T62 | 10955-10978 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 | denotes | innate immune responses |
| T63 | 10990-11007 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 | denotes | viral replication |
| T64 | 10990-11007 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 | denotes | viral replication |
| T65 | 11070-11083 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351 | denotes | transcription |
| T66 | 11096-11118 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097696 | denotes | STAT signaling pathway |
| T67 | 11101-11118 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007165 | denotes | signaling pathway |
| T68 | 11101-11110 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052 | denotes | signaling |
| T69 | 11381-11398 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007165 | denotes | signaling pathway |
| T70 | 11381-11390 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052 | denotes | signaling |
| T71 | 11499-11508 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 | denotes | virulence |
| T72 | 11499-11508 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 | denotes | virulence |
| T73 | 11568-11577 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052 | denotes | signaling |
| T74 | 11656-11665 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052 | denotes | signaling |
LitCovid-sentences
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T94 | 0-63 | Sentence | denotes | 5 The management of COVID-19: a room for anti-rheumatic drugs? |
| T95 | 64-351 | Sentence | denotes | Currently, vaccines and approved targeted therapeutics for the treatment of the new SARS-CoV-2 infection are still lacking and the management of COVID-19 is only supportive, even though a multitude of compounds are now under investigation for the treatment of this emerging disease [75]. |
| T96 | 352-540 | Sentence | denotes | The need to urgently identify an effective approach to manage COVID-19 led to the strategy of testing the efficacy of the existing antiviral drugs commonly used for other viral infections. |
| T97 | 541-850 | Sentence | denotes | In particular, considering the similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and other Betacoronavirus associated with previous epidemics as SARS-CoV and MERS-Cov, the same drugs used with controversial results for these conditions (interferon, ribavirin, and lopinavir-ritonavir) have been considered even for COVID-19 [76]. |
| T98 | 851-988 | Sentence | denotes | Anecdotal cases have demonstrated the ability of lopinavir-ritonavir to significantly reduce viral load and improve disease outcome [77]. |
| T99 | 989-1309 | Sentence | denotes | In addition, remdesivir, an adenosine analogue currently under development for the management of Ebola virus infection [78], has been recently recognized as a promising antiviral therapy against a wide spectrum of RNA viruses [79] and showed good preliminary in vitro results in the control of SARS-CoV-2 infection [80]. |
| T100 | 1310-1470 | Sentence | denotes | Consequently, lopinavir-ritonavir and remdesevir are currently the only anti-viral drugs included in the more severe case management protocols of COVID-19 [10]. |
| T101 | 1471-1701 | Sentence | denotes | Recent reports described the potential role of human monoclonal antibodies that bind the coronavirus spike receptor binding domain, leading to the neutralization of SARS-CoV2 capability to interact with human target cells [81,82]. |
| T102 | 1702-1881 | Sentence | denotes | However, at the moment these can only be considered as potential treatment options for the future, but they are obviously not available for the management of the current pandemic. |
| T103 | 1882-2130 | Sentence | denotes | Beyond the use of specific anti-viral products, many drugs commonly used in the treatment of RA have been proposed as possible therapies for COVID-19 as a consequence of the increased knowledge about the pathophysiology of the infection (Table 1 ). |
| T104 | 2131-2200 | Sentence | denotes | Table 1 Potential role of anti-rheumatic drugs in COVID-19 infection. |
| T105 | 2201-2210 | Sentence | denotes | PROS CONS |
| T106 | 2211-2416 | Sentence | denotes | Chloroquine Anti-viral effect (increase of endosomal pH required for virus/cell fusion, inhibition of toll-like receptor activity, interference with terminal glycosylation of the cellular receptor ACE 2) – |
| T107 | 2417-2435 | Sentence | denotes | Hydroxychloroquine |
| T108 | 2436-2567 | Sentence | denotes | IL-6 inhibitors Treatment of cytokine storm manifestations during ARDS Lack of definite criteria to identify patients to be treated |
| T109 | 2568-2631 | Sentence | denotes | Potential community-acquired pneumonia due to immunosuppression |
| T110 | 2632-2768 | Sentence | denotes | Baricitinib Interference with viral penetration into the cell by blocking NAK-mediated endocytosis Impairment of IFN anti-viral response |
| T111 | 2769-2866 | Sentence | denotes | Treatment of cytokine storm manifestations during ARDS Increased risk of secondary HZV infections |
| T112 | 2867-2971 | Sentence | denotes | TNF-inhibitors Interference with viral penetration into the cell Slight increase in viral infection risk |
| T113 | 2972-3040 | Sentence | denotes | NSAIDs – Facilitation of viral penetration by overexpression of ACE2 |
| T114 | 3041-3080 | Sentence | denotes | Delay in diagnosis due to fever masking |
| T115 | 3081-3132 | Sentence | denotes | Corticosteroids – Increased risk of viral infection |
| T116 | 3133-3204 | Sentence | denotes | Increased mortality and risk of secondary bacterial or fungal infection |
| T117 | 3205-3345 | Sentence | denotes | ACE2 = angiotensin converting enzyme 2, ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome, NAK = numb-associated kinase; HZV = Herpes Zoster virus, |
| T118 | 3346-3410 | Sentence | denotes | IFN = interferon, NSAIDs = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. |
| T119 | 3412-3447 | Sentence | denotes | 5.1 Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine |
| T120 | 3448-3653 | Sentence | denotes | Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are widely used anti-malarial drugs with well-known immunomodulatory properties that have extended their use to several immuno-rheumatological diseases including RA [83]. |
| T121 | 3654-3754 | Sentence | denotes | The ability of chloroquine to produce an anti-viral effect has been known since the late 1960s [84]. |
| T122 | 3755-4011 | Sentence | denotes | Several mechanisms by which the drug is able to interfere with the growth and spread of different viruses (including SARS coronavirus) have been demonstrated in in vitro studies [85], even though the subsequent in vivo experience was controversial [86,87]. |
| T123 | 4012-4272 | Sentence | denotes | At clinically admissible concentrations chloroquine is able to increase the endosomal pH required for virus/cell fusion, to inhibit the toll-like receptor activity, and to interfere with terminal glycosylation of the cellular receptor ACE 2 [[88], [89], [90]]. |
| T124 | 4273-4452 | Sentence | denotes | All these functions may negatively influence the virus-receptor binding, resulting in a potential effect of the drug on both entry and post-entry stages of the SARS CoV infection. |
| T125 | 4453-4714 | Sentence | denotes | As a consequence, chloroquine has recently been included in at least 10 randomized controlled trials currently ongoing in China, where it is tested for the treatment of COVID-19 under various combination protocols with the anti-viral drugs mentioned above [91]. |
| T126 | 4715-5019 | Sentence | denotes | Interim results from more than 100 patients have demonstrated that chloroquine is superior to the control treatment in improving lung imaging findings, inhibiting the exacerbation of pneumonia, promoting a virus negative conversion, and shortening the disease course at different levels of severity [92]. |
| T127 | 5020-5179 | Sentence | denotes | More recently, hydroxychloroquine was demonstrated to be more 3-times more potent than chloroquine in an in vitro study based on pharmacokinetic models (PBPK). |
| T128 | 5180-5370 | Sentence | denotes | An oral loading dose of 400 mg twice daily, followed by a maintenance dose of 200 mg given twice daily for 4 days seems to be the best option for the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection [93]. |
| T129 | 5372-5399 | Sentence | denotes | 5.2 IL-6 and IL-1 blockers |
| T130 | 5400-5643 | Sentence | denotes | As already described, ARDS occurring in most severe case of COVID-19 infection is mainly produced by the massive release of pro-inflammatory mediators (CRS) associated with viral replication and lung injury, leading to multiorgan failure [22]. |
| T131 | 5644-5818 | Sentence | denotes | Moreover, the high levels of these cytokines have been reported to be inversely related to the absolute lymphocytes count, with surviving T-cells functionally exhausted [94]. |
| T132 | 5819-6020 | Sentence | denotes | Since an effective immune response against viral infections depends on the activation of cytotoxic T cells, CRS might be associated with a decreased viral clearance, contributing to COVID-19 worsening. |
| T133 | 6021-6204 | Sentence | denotes | IL-6 and IL-1 play a pivotal role in this hyperinflammatory condition, suggesting the potential use of their blockers as treatment option for SARS-CoV2 related interstitial pneumonia. |
| T134 | 6205-6377 | Sentence | denotes | Data from a phase 3 RCT of IL-1 blockade (anakinra) in sepsis showed significant survival benefit in patients with hyperinflammation, without increased adverse events [95]. |
| T135 | 6378-6610 | Sentence | denotes | A small retrospective study on 21 patients affected by severe COVID-19 demonstrated that tocilizumab improved CT scan abnormalities and oxygen saturation, and normalized CRP levels and lymphocytes count in most of the patients [96]. |
| T136 | 6611-7074 | Sentence | denotes | A multicentre RCT of tocilizumab (IL-6 receptor blocker licensed for both RA and cytokine release syndrome) has been approved in China and is currently ongoing in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and elevated IL-6 levels (ChiCTR2000029765) and a phase II study has been approved by the Italian Regulatory Drug Agency (AIFA) and will enrol 330 patients with pneumonia and early respiratory failure, with 1-month mortality reduction as primary outcome (TOCIVID-19). |
| T137 | 7075-7237 | Sentence | denotes | Moreover, the company that produces the second marketed IL-6 inhibitor sarilumab recently announced its intention to undertake a study with a similar design [97]. |
| T138 | 7238-7380 | Sentence | denotes | The identification of a unique definition of CRS during COVID-19 infection is crucial to better customize the management of critical patients. |
| T139 | 7381-7731 | Sentence | denotes | The presence of a large area of lung injury (≥50%) with decreased levels of CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes (lower than 50% of minimum normal range), and increased levels of IL-6 in peripheral blood have been recognized as the greatest risk factors of CRS in a retrospective analysis of 11 critically pneumonia Chinese patients infected with COVID-19 [98]. |
| T140 | 7732-7941 | Sentence | denotes | Increasing ferritin level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate or decreasing platelet counts would be additional parameters potentially useful to discriminate patients requiring immunosuppressive treatment [22]. |
| T141 | 7943-7962 | Sentence | denotes | 5.3 TNF inhibitors |
| T142 | 7963-8162 | Sentence | denotes | As previously described, SARS-CoV infection is associated with a downregulation of ACE2 expression coupled with an increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system responsible for lung injury [14]. |
| T143 | 8163-8351 | Sentence | denotes | Moreover, the viral spike protein is able to induce a TNF-α-converting enzyme (TACE)-dependent shedding of the ACE2 ectodomain, crucial for the penetration of the virus into the cell [99]. |
| T144 | 8352-8566 | Sentence | denotes | Since this process seems to be strictly coupled to TNFα production, it has been postulated that the use of TNF inhibitors may be effective in reducing both SARS-CoV2 infection and the consequent organ damage [100]. |
| T145 | 8567-8719 | Sentence | denotes | As a result, a study evaluating adalimumab in COVID-19 infection has recently been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000030089). |
| T146 | 8721-8749 | Sentence | denotes | 5.4 Janus kinase inhibitors |
| T147 | 8750-8861 | Sentence | denotes | As previously described in detail, SARS-CoV-2 enters targeted cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis [12]. |
| T148 | 8862-9075 | Sentence | denotes | Some of the identified regulators of clathrin-mediated endocytosis are members of the numb-associated kinase (NAK) family, such as AP2-associated protein kinase 1 (AAK1) and cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK) [101]. |
| T149 | 9076-9205 | Sentence | denotes | Inhibition of AAK1 may stop the access of the virus into lung cells and also the intracellular assembly of virus particles [102]. |
| T150 | 9206-9286 | Sentence | denotes | Of 47 AAK1 blockers approved for medical use, 6 inhibit AAK1 with high affinity. |
| T151 | 9287-9508 | Sentence | denotes | These include oncologic agents such as erlotinib, sunitinib, ruxolitinib, and fedratinib, which have all been demonstrated to inhibit infection of cells by Dengue virus, Ebola virus, and respiratory syncytial virus [103]. |
| T152 | 9509-9727 | Sentence | denotes | Unfortunately, all these compounds are able to produce adequate NAK inhibition only at doses significantly higher than those normally used in clinical practice and therefore potentially toxic for the patient [104,105]. |
| T153 | 9728-9924 | Sentence | denotes | Conversely, the JAK inhibitor baricitinib is able to effectively inhibit AAK1 and GAK at the plasma concentration obtained with the approved dosage for the treatment of RA (2 to 4 mg daily) [106]. |
| T154 | 9925-10204 | Sentence | denotes | Moreover, as a selective inhibitor of JAK 1 and 2, baricitinib is also able to produce an important dampening of host inflammatory response due to CRS (including IL-6 and interferon gamma) responsible for the more severe forms of interstitial pneumonia during COVID-19 [107,108]. |
| T155 | 10205-10446 | Sentence | denotes | Finally, the minimal interaction of baricitinib with the relevant CYP drug-metabolising enzymes makes the drug a possible candidate for inclusion in combination protocols with antiviral drugs such as lopinavir/ritonavir and remdesivir [109]. |
| T156 | 10447-10707 | Sentence | denotes | Interestingly, tofacitinib shows no detectable inhibition of AAK1 [104], whereas currently no data are available on the possible effect of other JAK inhibitors approved or tested for RA (such as upadacitinib or filgotinib) in relation to coronavirus infection. |
| T157 | 10708-10905 | Sentence | denotes | Unexpectedly, the only clinical trial evaluating the potential role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis blockade in the management of COVID-19 is currently ongoing with ruxolitinib (ChiCTR2000029580). |
| T158 | 10906-11051 | Sentence | denotes | On the other side, IFN is one of the most potent innate immune responses to prevent viral replication during the early phases of infection [110]. |
| T159 | 11052-11267 | Sentence | denotes | The activation of transcription through JAK/STAT signaling pathway by IFNs leads to the upregulation of several interferon stimulated genes which have the ability to rapidly kill viruses within infected cells [111]. |
| T160 | 11268-11515 | Sentence | denotes | Almost all viruses have developed strategies to combat the effects of type 1 and type 3 IFNs by blocking the IFN signaling pathway [112] and viral encoded factors able to antagonize the JAK/STAT pathway are crucial determinants of virulence [113]. |
| T161 | 11516-11672 | Sentence | denotes | In particular, Influenza A viruses disrupt JAK/STAT signaling by reducing the expression of the IFN receptor and by directly inhibiting IFN signaling [114]. |
| T162 | 11673-11923 | Sentence | denotes | As a consequence, JAK/STAT blockade generated by baricitinib certainly produces an impairment of IFN-mediated anti-viral response, with a potential facilitating effect on the progression of SARS-CoV2 infection at the moment not yet better quantified. |
| T163 | 11924-12180 | Sentence | denotes | In conclusion, evidence of the possible use of baricitinib in the treatment of COVID-19 infection remains highly controversial and further studies are warranted to better clarify its potential role in the treatment of more serious cases of viral pneumonia. |
LitCovid-PD-HP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T66 | 1975-1977 | Phenotype | denotes | RA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001370 |
| T67 | 2465-2479 | Phenotype | denotes | cytokine storm | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041 |
| T68 | 2597-2606 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
| T69 | 2782-2796 | Phenotype | denotes | cytokine storm | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041 |
| T70 | 3067-3072 | Phenotype | denotes | fever | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945 |
| T71 | 3258-3278 | Phenotype | denotes | respiratory distress | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098 |
| T72 | 3645-3647 | Phenotype | denotes | RA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001370 |
| T73 | 4898-4907 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
| T74 | 6194-6203 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
| T75 | 6260-6266 | Phenotype | denotes | sepsis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100806 |
| T76 | 6685-6687 | Phenotype | denotes | RA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001370 |
| T77 | 6692-6717 | Phenotype | denotes | cytokine release syndrome | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041 |
| T78 | 6797-6806 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
| T79 | 6968-6977 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
| T80 | 6988-7007 | Phenotype | denotes | respiratory failure | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002878 |
| T81 | 7676-7685 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
| T82 | 7732-7751 | Phenotype | denotes | Increasing ferritin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003281 |
| T83 | 9897-9899 | Phenotype | denotes | RA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001370 |
| T84 | 10168-10177 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
| T85 | 10630-10632 | Phenotype | denotes | RA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001370 |
| T86 | 12170-12179 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
2_test
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 32205186-26868298-4826910 | 846-848 | 26868298 | denotes | 76 |
| 32205186-32020029-4826911 | 1305-1307 | 32020029 | denotes | 80 |
| 32205186-30938227-4826912 | 1694-1696 | 30938227 | denotes | 81 |
| 32205186-32034323-4826913 | 3649-3651 | 32034323 | denotes | 83 |
| 32205186-4306296-4826914 | 3750-3752 | 4306296 | denotes | 84 |
| 32205186-21550310-4826915 | 4004-4006 | 21550310 | denotes | 86 |
| 32205186-16115318-4826916 | 4255-4257 | 16115318 | denotes | 88 |
| 32205186-16439323-4826917 | 4267-4269 | 16439323 | denotes | 90 |
| 32205186-26584195-4826918 | 6373-6375 | 26584195 | denotes | 95 |
| 32205186-24800825-4826919 | 8158-8160 | 24800825 | denotes | 14 |
| 32205186-18490652-4826920 | 8347-8349 | 18490652 | denotes | 99 |
| 32205186-17532082-4826921 | 8561-8564 | 17532082 | denotes | 100 |
| 32205186-28240606-4826922 | 9503-9506 | 28240606 | denotes | 103 |
| 32205186-29753658-4826923 | 9722-9725 | 29753658 | denotes | 105 |
| 32205186-29545548-4826924 | 10195-10198 | 29545548 | denotes | 107 |
| 32205186-29649002-4826925 | 10199-10202 | 29649002 | denotes | 108 |
| 32205186-18049472-4826926 | 11046-11049 | 18049472 | denotes | 110 |