PMC:7102583 / 13165-14348 JSONTXT

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    LitCovid-PubTator

    {"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"555","span":{"begin":216,"end":219},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"556","span":{"begin":680,"end":683},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"557","span":{"begin":1151,"end":1154},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"558","span":{"begin":329,"end":332},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"559","span":{"begin":34,"end":45},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"560","span":{"begin":721,"end":730},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"561","span":{"begin":1060,"end":1069},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"562","span":{"begin":175,"end":183},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"563","span":{"begin":545,"end":554},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"564","span":{"begin":567,"end":571},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"565","span":{"begin":610,"end":618},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A555","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"555","obj":"Gene:925"},{"id":"A556","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"556","obj":"Gene:925"},{"id":"A557","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"557","obj":"Gene:920"},{"id":"A558","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"558","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A559","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"559","obj":"Tax:12814"},{"id":"A560","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"560","obj":"MESH:D008550"},{"id":"A561","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"561","obj":"MESH:D008550"},{"id":"A562","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"562","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A563","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"563","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A564","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"564","obj":"MESH:D012128"},{"id":"A565","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"565","obj":"MESH:C000657245"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"When virus is inhaled and infects respiratory epithelial cells, dendritic cells phagocytose the virus and present antigens to T cells. Effector T cell function by killing the infected epithelial cells, and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells produce and release pro-inflammatory cytokines which induce cell apoptosis [46]. Both the pathogen (CoV) and cell apoptosis trigger and amplify the immune response. The exacerbation of cytokine production, excessive recruitment of immune cells and the uncontrollable epithelial damage generates a vicious circle for infection related ALI/ARDS [47]. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 suggest that a reduced level of neutrophils, lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood [7,48]. Melatonin exerts regulatory actions on the immune system and directly enhances the immune response by improving proliferation and maturation of natural killing cells, T and B lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes in both bone marrow and other tissues [49]. In macrophages, antigen presentation is also augmented after the application of melatonin, where the up-regulation of complement receptor 3, MHC class I and class II, and CD4 antigens were detected [50]."}

    LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T125","span":{"begin":46,"end":62},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T126","span":{"begin":57,"end":62},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T127","span":{"begin":64,"end":79},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T128","span":{"begin":74,"end":79},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T129","span":{"begin":128,"end":133},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T130","span":{"begin":146,"end":150},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T131","span":{"begin":184,"end":200},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T132","span":{"begin":195,"end":200},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T133","span":{"begin":223,"end":228},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T134","span":{"begin":266,"end":275},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T135","span":{"begin":289,"end":293},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T136","span":{"begin":338,"end":342},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T137","span":{"begin":414,"end":422},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T138","span":{"begin":467,"end":472},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T139","span":{"begin":651,"end":662},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T140","span":{"begin":664,"end":675},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T141","span":{"begin":687,"end":692},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T142","span":{"begin":707,"end":712},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T143","span":{"begin":721,"end":730},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T144","span":{"begin":764,"end":777},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T145","span":{"begin":881,"end":886},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T146","span":{"begin":894,"end":907},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T147","span":{"begin":909,"end":921},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T148","span":{"begin":926,"end":935},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T149","span":{"begin":944,"end":955},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T150","span":{"begin":966,"end":973},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T151","span":{"begin":983,"end":994},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T152","span":{"begin":1060,"end":1069},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T153","span":{"begin":1121,"end":1124},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A125","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T125","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66768"},{"id":"A126","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T126","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A127","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T127","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma273565"},{"id":"A128","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T128","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A129","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T129","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A130","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T130","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A131","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T131","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66768"},{"id":"A132","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T132","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A133","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T133","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A134","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T134","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050"},{"id":"A135","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T135","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A136","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T136","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A137","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T137","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050"},{"id":"A138","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T138","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A139","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T139","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62860"},{"id":"A140","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T140","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863"},{"id":"A141","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T141","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A142","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T142","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670"},{"id":"A143","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T143","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74644"},{"id":"A144","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T144","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825"},{"id":"A145","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T145","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A146","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T146","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62869"},{"id":"A147","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T147","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62854"},{"id":"A148","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T148","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62864"},{"id":"A149","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T149","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9608"},{"id":"A150","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T150","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637"},{"id":"A151","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T151","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63261"},{"id":"A152","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T152","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74644"},{"id":"A153","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T153","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84079"}],"text":"When virus is inhaled and infects respiratory epithelial cells, dendritic cells phagocytose the virus and present antigens to T cells. Effector T cell function by killing the infected epithelial cells, and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells produce and release pro-inflammatory cytokines which induce cell apoptosis [46]. Both the pathogen (CoV) and cell apoptosis trigger and amplify the immune response. The exacerbation of cytokine production, excessive recruitment of immune cells and the uncontrollable epithelial damage generates a vicious circle for infection related ALI/ARDS [47]. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 suggest that a reduced level of neutrophils, lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood [7,48]. Melatonin exerts regulatory actions on the immune system and directly enhances the immune response by improving proliferation and maturation of natural killing cells, T and B lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes in both bone marrow and other tissues [49]. In macrophages, antigen presentation is also augmented after the application of melatonin, where the up-regulation of complement receptor 3, MHC class I and class II, and CD4 antigens were detected [50]."}

    LitCovid-PD-UBERON

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":707,"end":712},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":764,"end":777},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":944,"end":955},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A30","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T30","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"A31","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T31","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405"},{"id":"A32","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T32","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002371"}],"text":"When virus is inhaled and infects respiratory epithelial cells, dendritic cells phagocytose the virus and present antigens to T cells. Effector T cell function by killing the infected epithelial cells, and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells produce and release pro-inflammatory cytokines which induce cell apoptosis [46]. Both the pathogen (CoV) and cell apoptosis trigger and amplify the immune response. The exacerbation of cytokine production, excessive recruitment of immune cells and the uncontrollable epithelial damage generates a vicious circle for infection related ALI/ARDS [47]. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 suggest that a reduced level of neutrophils, lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood [7,48]. Melatonin exerts regulatory actions on the immune system and directly enhances the immune response by improving proliferation and maturation of natural killing cells, T and B lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes in both bone marrow and other tissues [49]. In macrophages, antigen presentation is also augmented after the application of melatonin, where the up-regulation of complement receptor 3, MHC class I and class II, and CD4 antigens were detected [50]."}

    LitCovid-PD-MONDO

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T148","span":{"begin":26,"end":45},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T149","span":{"begin":545,"end":554},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T150","span":{"begin":563,"end":566},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T151","span":{"begin":567,"end":571},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T152","span":{"begin":610,"end":618},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A148","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T148","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355"},{"id":"A149","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T149","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A150","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T150","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502"},{"id":"A151","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T151","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502"},{"id":"A152","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T152","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"}],"text":"When virus is inhaled and infects respiratory epithelial cells, dendritic cells phagocytose the virus and present antigens to T cells. Effector T cell function by killing the infected epithelial cells, and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells produce and release pro-inflammatory cytokines which induce cell apoptosis [46]. Both the pathogen (CoV) and cell apoptosis trigger and amplify the immune response. The exacerbation of cytokine production, excessive recruitment of immune cells and the uncontrollable epithelial damage generates a vicious circle for infection related ALI/ARDS [47]. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 suggest that a reduced level of neutrophils, lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood [7,48]. Melatonin exerts regulatory actions on the immune system and directly enhances the immune response by improving proliferation and maturation of natural killing cells, T and B lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes in both bone marrow and other tissues [49]. In macrophages, antigen presentation is also augmented after the application of melatonin, where the up-regulation of complement receptor 3, MHC class I and class II, and CD4 antigens were detected [50]."}

    LitCovid-PD-CLO

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T154","span":{"begin":5,"end":10},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T155","span":{"begin":46,"end":56},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066"},{"id":"T156","span":{"begin":57,"end":62},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T157","span":{"begin":64,"end":79},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000451"},{"id":"T158","span":{"begin":96,"end":101},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T159","span":{"begin":126,"end":133},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084"},{"id":"T160","span":{"begin":135,"end":150},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000911"},{"id":"T161","span":{"begin":184,"end":194},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066"},{"id":"T162","span":{"begin":195,"end":200},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T163","span":{"begin":216,"end":219},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053438"},{"id":"T164","span":{"begin":221,"end":228},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084"},{"id":"T165","span":{"begin":289,"end":293},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T166","span":{"begin":338,"end":342},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T167","span":{"begin":467,"end":472},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T168","span":{"begin":496,"end":506},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066"},{"id":"T169","span":{"begin":524,"end":525},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T170","span":{"begin":632,"end":633},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T171","span":{"begin":680,"end":683},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053438"},{"id":"T172","span":{"begin":685,"end":692},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084"},{"id":"T173","span":{"begin":707,"end":712},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"T174","span":{"begin":707,"end":712},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296"},{"id":"T175","span":{"begin":764,"end":777},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405"},{"id":"T176","span":{"begin":881,"end":886},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T177","span":{"begin":894,"end":895},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021"},{"id":"T178","span":{"begin":926,"end":935},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000576"},{"id":"T179","span":{"begin":944,"end":948},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002481"},{"id":"T180","span":{"begin":1151,"end":1154},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001004"}],"text":"When virus is inhaled and infects respiratory epithelial cells, dendritic cells phagocytose the virus and present antigens to T cells. Effector T cell function by killing the infected epithelial cells, and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells produce and release pro-inflammatory cytokines which induce cell apoptosis [46]. Both the pathogen (CoV) and cell apoptosis trigger and amplify the immune response. The exacerbation of cytokine production, excessive recruitment of immune cells and the uncontrollable epithelial damage generates a vicious circle for infection related ALI/ARDS [47]. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 suggest that a reduced level of neutrophils, lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood [7,48]. Melatonin exerts regulatory actions on the immune system and directly enhances the immune response by improving proliferation and maturation of natural killing cells, T and B lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes in both bone marrow and other tissues [49]. In macrophages, antigen presentation is also augmented after the application of melatonin, where the up-regulation of complement receptor 3, MHC class I and class II, and CD4 antigens were detected [50]."}

    LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T139","span":{"begin":114,"end":122},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T140","span":{"begin":721,"end":730},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T141","span":{"begin":996,"end":1003},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T142","span":{"begin":1045,"end":1056},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T143","span":{"begin":1060,"end":1069},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T144","span":{"begin":1143,"end":1145},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T145","span":{"begin":1155,"end":1163},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A139","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T139","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132"},{"id":"A140","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T140","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16796"},{"id":"A141","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T141","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132"},{"id":"A142","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T142","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232"},{"id":"A143","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T143","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16796"},{"id":"A144","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T144","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067"},{"id":"A145","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T145","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132"}],"text":"When virus is inhaled and infects respiratory epithelial cells, dendritic cells phagocytose the virus and present antigens to T cells. Effector T cell function by killing the infected epithelial cells, and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells produce and release pro-inflammatory cytokines which induce cell apoptosis [46]. Both the pathogen (CoV) and cell apoptosis trigger and amplify the immune response. The exacerbation of cytokine production, excessive recruitment of immune cells and the uncontrollable epithelial damage generates a vicious circle for infection related ALI/ARDS [47]. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 suggest that a reduced level of neutrophils, lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood [7,48]. Melatonin exerts regulatory actions on the immune system and directly enhances the immune response by improving proliferation and maturation of natural killing cells, T and B lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes in both bone marrow and other tissues [49]. In macrophages, antigen presentation is also augmented after the application of melatonin, where the up-regulation of complement receptor 3, MHC class I and class II, and CD4 antigens were detected [50]."}

    LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T58","span":{"begin":294,"end":303},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097194"},{"id":"T59","span":{"begin":294,"end":303},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915"},{"id":"T60","span":{"begin":343,"end":352},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097194"},{"id":"T61","span":{"begin":343,"end":352},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915"},{"id":"T62","span":{"begin":377,"end":392},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955"},{"id":"T63","span":{"begin":414,"end":433},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001816"},{"id":"T64","span":{"begin":804,"end":819},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955"},{"id":"T65","span":{"begin":996,"end":1016},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019882"},{"id":"T66","span":{"begin":1084,"end":1094},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007"}],"text":"When virus is inhaled and infects respiratory epithelial cells, dendritic cells phagocytose the virus and present antigens to T cells. Effector T cell function by killing the infected epithelial cells, and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells produce and release pro-inflammatory cytokines which induce cell apoptosis [46]. Both the pathogen (CoV) and cell apoptosis trigger and amplify the immune response. The exacerbation of cytokine production, excessive recruitment of immune cells and the uncontrollable epithelial damage generates a vicious circle for infection related ALI/ARDS [47]. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 suggest that a reduced level of neutrophils, lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood [7,48]. Melatonin exerts regulatory actions on the immune system and directly enhances the immune response by improving proliferation and maturation of natural killing cells, T and B lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes in both bone marrow and other tissues [49]. In macrophages, antigen presentation is also augmented after the application of melatonin, where the up-regulation of complement receptor 3, MHC class I and class II, and CD4 antigens were detected [50]."}

    LitCovid-sentences

    {"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T92","span":{"begin":0,"end":134},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T93","span":{"begin":135,"end":309},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T94","span":{"begin":310,"end":393},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T95","span":{"begin":394,"end":577},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T96","span":{"begin":578,"end":720},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T97","span":{"begin":721,"end":979},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T98","span":{"begin":980,"end":1183},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"When virus is inhaled and infects respiratory epithelial cells, dendritic cells phagocytose the virus and present antigens to T cells. Effector T cell function by killing the infected epithelial cells, and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells produce and release pro-inflammatory cytokines which induce cell apoptosis [46]. Both the pathogen (CoV) and cell apoptosis trigger and amplify the immune response. The exacerbation of cytokine production, excessive recruitment of immune cells and the uncontrollable epithelial damage generates a vicious circle for infection related ALI/ARDS [47]. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 suggest that a reduced level of neutrophils, lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood [7,48]. Melatonin exerts regulatory actions on the immune system and directly enhances the immune response by improving proliferation and maturation of natural killing cells, T and B lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes in both bone marrow and other tissues [49]. In macrophages, antigen presentation is also augmented after the application of melatonin, where the up-regulation of complement receptor 3, MHC class I and class II, and CD4 antigens were detected [50]."}

    LitCovid-PD-HP

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T69","span":{"begin":563,"end":566},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A69","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T69","obj":"http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_178320"}],"text":"When virus is inhaled and infects respiratory epithelial cells, dendritic cells phagocytose the virus and present antigens to T cells. Effector T cell function by killing the infected epithelial cells, and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells produce and release pro-inflammatory cytokines which induce cell apoptosis [46]. Both the pathogen (CoV) and cell apoptosis trigger and amplify the immune response. The exacerbation of cytokine production, excessive recruitment of immune cells and the uncontrollable epithelial damage generates a vicious circle for infection related ALI/ARDS [47]. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 suggest that a reduced level of neutrophils, lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood [7,48]. Melatonin exerts regulatory actions on the immune system and directly enhances the immune response by improving proliferation and maturation of natural killing cells, T and B lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes in both bone marrow and other tissues [49]. In macrophages, antigen presentation is also augmented after the application of melatonin, where the up-regulation of complement receptor 3, MHC class I and class II, and CD4 antigens were detected [50]."}

    2_test

    {"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32217117-30052492-66453504","span":{"begin":305,"end":307},"obj":"30052492"},{"id":"32217117-16623752-66453505","span":{"begin":975,"end":977},"obj":"16623752"},{"id":"32217117-10231729-66453506","span":{"begin":1179,"end":1181},"obj":"10231729"}],"text":"When virus is inhaled and infects respiratory epithelial cells, dendritic cells phagocytose the virus and present antigens to T cells. Effector T cell function by killing the infected epithelial cells, and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells produce and release pro-inflammatory cytokines which induce cell apoptosis [46]. Both the pathogen (CoV) and cell apoptosis trigger and amplify the immune response. The exacerbation of cytokine production, excessive recruitment of immune cells and the uncontrollable epithelial damage generates a vicious circle for infection related ALI/ARDS [47]. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 suggest that a reduced level of neutrophils, lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood [7,48]. Melatonin exerts regulatory actions on the immune system and directly enhances the immune response by improving proliferation and maturation of natural killing cells, T and B lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes in both bone marrow and other tissues [49]. In macrophages, antigen presentation is also augmented after the application of melatonin, where the up-regulation of complement receptor 3, MHC class I and class II, and CD4 antigens were detected [50]."}