PMC:7102556 / 4296-5903 JSONTXT

{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"106","span":{"begin":1579,"end":1583},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"107","span":{"begin":1595,"end":1596},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"108","span":{"begin":88,"end":103},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"109","span":{"begin":268,"end":277},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"110","span":{"begin":309,"end":317},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"111","span":{"begin":359,"end":368},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"112","span":{"begin":397,"end":408},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"113","span":{"begin":653,"end":661},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"114","span":{"begin":666,"end":674},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"115","span":{"begin":949,"end":958},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"116","span":{"begin":959,"end":967},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"117","span":{"begin":1322,"end":1330},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"118","span":{"begin":1479,"end":1488},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"119","span":{"begin":345,"end":353},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A106","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"106","obj":"Gene:43740578"},{"id":"A107","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"107","obj":"Gene:43740575"},{"id":"A108","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"108","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A109","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"109","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A110","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"110","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A111","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"111","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A112","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"112","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A113","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"113","obj":"Tax:694009"},{"id":"A114","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"114","obj":"Tax:1335626"},{"id":"A115","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"115","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A116","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"116","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A117","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"117","obj":"Tax:1335626"},{"id":"A118","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"118","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A119","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"119","obj":"MESH:D007239"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Viral nucleic acids can also be used for early diagnosis. The following are some of the new coronavirus detection methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular biological diagnosis technology based on the sequence of nucleic acids. The full gene sequence of 2019-nCoV has now been obtained [10], so patients who are suspected of being infected with 2019-nCoV [8] can be diagnosed by pan-coronavirus PCR for virus identification [11]. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a technology combining RNA reverse transcription (RT) with polymerase chain amplification (PCR) of cDNA. A duplex RT-PCR assay can be used to detect SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV using pUC57SARS-pS2 and pGEM-MERSS2 as templates, respectively [12]. Also, samples collected from the upper respiratory tract (oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal) and lower respiratory tract (endotracheal aspirate, expectorated sputum, or bronchoalveolar lavage) of suspected 2019-nCoV patients can be diagnosed by RT-PCR [8]. Reverse transcription-insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction (RT-iiPCR), quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Real-time RT-PCR (rtRT-PCR), and one-step rtRT-PCR were all further optimized [[13], [14], [15], [16]]. These optimized RT-PCR methods were used to detect the MERS-CoV envelope gene (upE) and the open reading frame 1a (ORF1a) or open reading frame 1b (ORF1b) genes separately. However, rtRT-PCR was used to identify 2019-nCoV through preliminary and validation detection of its E gene, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene, and N gene [17]."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":251,"end":255},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":527,"end":530},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":777,"end":800},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":840,"end":863},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":901,"end":907},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":1340,"end":1344},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":1543,"end":1547},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":1549,"end":1552},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":1563,"end":1566},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":1585,"end":1589},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":1597,"end":1601},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A17","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T17","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402"},{"id":"A18","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T18","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095"},{"id":"A19","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T19","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45661"},{"id":"A20","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45662"},{"id":"A21","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T21","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma312401"},{"id":"A22","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T22","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402"},{"id":"A23","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T23","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402"},{"id":"A24","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T24","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095"},{"id":"A25","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T25","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095"},{"id":"A26","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T26","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402"},{"id":"A27","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T27","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402"}],"text":"Viral nucleic acids can also be used for early diagnosis. The following are some of the new coronavirus detection methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular biological diagnosis technology based on the sequence of nucleic acids. The full gene sequence of 2019-nCoV has now been obtained [10], so patients who are suspected of being infected with 2019-nCoV [8] can be diagnosed by pan-coronavirus PCR for virus identification [11]. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a technology combining RNA reverse transcription (RT) with polymerase chain amplification (PCR) of cDNA. A duplex RT-PCR assay can be used to detect SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV using pUC57SARS-pS2 and pGEM-MERSS2 as templates, respectively [12]. Also, samples collected from the upper respiratory tract (oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal) and lower respiratory tract (endotracheal aspirate, expectorated sputum, or bronchoalveolar lavage) of suspected 2019-nCoV patients can be diagnosed by RT-PCR [8]. Reverse transcription-insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction (RT-iiPCR), quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Real-time RT-PCR (rtRT-PCR), and one-step rtRT-PCR were all further optimized [[13], [14], [15], [16]]. These optimized RT-PCR methods were used to detect the MERS-CoV envelope gene (upE) and the open reading frame 1a (ORF1a) or open reading frame 1b (ORF1b) genes separately. However, rtRT-PCR was used to identify 2019-nCoV through preliminary and validation detection of its E gene, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene, and N gene [17]."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":777,"end":800},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":783,"end":800},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":840,"end":863},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":846,"end":863},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":901,"end":907},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A10","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001557"},{"id":"A11","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065"},{"id":"A12","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T12","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001558"},{"id":"A13","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065"},{"id":"A14","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007311"}],"text":"Viral nucleic acids can also be used for early diagnosis. The following are some of the new coronavirus detection methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular biological diagnosis technology based on the sequence of nucleic acids. The full gene sequence of 2019-nCoV has now been obtained [10], so patients who are suspected of being infected with 2019-nCoV [8] can be diagnosed by pan-coronavirus PCR for virus identification [11]. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a technology combining RNA reverse transcription (RT) with polymerase chain amplification (PCR) of cDNA. A duplex RT-PCR assay can be used to detect SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV using pUC57SARS-pS2 and pGEM-MERSS2 as templates, respectively [12]. Also, samples collected from the upper respiratory tract (oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal) and lower respiratory tract (endotracheal aspirate, expectorated sputum, or bronchoalveolar lavage) of suspected 2019-nCoV patients can be diagnosed by RT-PCR [8]. Reverse transcription-insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction (RT-iiPCR), quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Real-time RT-PCR (rtRT-PCR), and one-step rtRT-PCR were all further optimized [[13], [14], [15], [16]]. These optimized RT-PCR methods were used to detect the MERS-CoV envelope gene (upE) and the open reading frame 1a (ORF1a) or open reading frame 1b (ORF1b) genes separately. However, rtRT-PCR was used to identify 2019-nCoV through preliminary and validation detection of its E gene, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene, and N gene [17]."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":653,"end":661},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A17","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T17","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"}],"text":"Viral nucleic acids can also be used for early diagnosis. The following are some of the new coronavirus detection methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular biological diagnosis technology based on the sequence of nucleic acids. The full gene sequence of 2019-nCoV has now been obtained [10], so patients who are suspected of being infected with 2019-nCoV [8] can be diagnosed by pan-coronavirus PCR for virus identification [11]. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a technology combining RNA reverse transcription (RT) with polymerase chain amplification (PCR) of cDNA. A duplex RT-PCR assay can be used to detect SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV using pUC57SARS-pS2 and pGEM-MERSS2 as templates, respectively [12]. Also, samples collected from the upper respiratory tract (oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal) and lower respiratory tract (endotracheal aspirate, expectorated sputum, or bronchoalveolar lavage) of suspected 2019-nCoV patients can be diagnosed by RT-PCR [8]. Reverse transcription-insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction (RT-iiPCR), quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Real-time RT-PCR (rtRT-PCR), and one-step rtRT-PCR were all further optimized [[13], [14], [15], [16]]. These optimized RT-PCR methods were used to detect the MERS-CoV envelope gene (upE) and the open reading frame 1a (ORF1a) or open reading frame 1b (ORF1b) genes separately. However, rtRT-PCR was used to identify 2019-nCoV through preliminary and validation detection of its E gene, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene, and N gene [17]."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T38","span":{"begin":158,"end":159},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T39","span":{"begin":251,"end":255},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002"},{"id":"T40","span":{"begin":278,"end":281},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T41","span":{"begin":393,"end":396},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9596"},{"id":"T42","span":{"begin":417,"end":422},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T43","span":{"begin":439,"end":441},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733"},{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":504,"end":505},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":609,"end":610},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":691,"end":694},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008497"},{"id":"T47","span":{"begin":840,"end":863},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001558"},{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":1340,"end":1344},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002"},{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":1422,"end":1427},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002"},{"id":"T50","span":{"begin":1543,"end":1547},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002"},{"id":"T51","span":{"begin":1585,"end":1589},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002"},{"id":"T52","span":{"begin":1597,"end":1601},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002"}],"text":"Viral nucleic acids can also be used for early diagnosis. The following are some of the new coronavirus detection methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular biological diagnosis technology based on the sequence of nucleic acids. The full gene sequence of 2019-nCoV has now been obtained [10], so patients who are suspected of being infected with 2019-nCoV [8] can be diagnosed by pan-coronavirus PCR for virus identification [11]. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a technology combining RNA reverse transcription (RT) with polymerase chain amplification (PCR) of cDNA. A duplex RT-PCR assay can be used to detect SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV using pUC57SARS-pS2 and pGEM-MERSS2 as templates, respectively [12]. Also, samples collected from the upper respiratory tract (oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal) and lower respiratory tract (endotracheal aspirate, expectorated sputum, or bronchoalveolar lavage) of suspected 2019-nCoV patients can be diagnosed by RT-PCR [8]. Reverse transcription-insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction (RT-iiPCR), quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Real-time RT-PCR (rtRT-PCR), and one-step rtRT-PCR were all further optimized [[13], [14], [15], [16]]. These optimized RT-PCR methods were used to detect the MERS-CoV envelope gene (upE) and the open reading frame 1a (ORF1a) or open reading frame 1b (ORF1b) genes separately. However, rtRT-PCR was used to identify 2019-nCoV through preliminary and validation detection of its E gene, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene, and N gene [17]."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":6,"end":19},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":14,"end":19},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":227,"end":240},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":235,"end":240},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A20","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696"},{"id":"A21","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T21","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527"},{"id":"A22","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T22","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696"},{"id":"A23","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T23","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527"}],"text":"Viral nucleic acids can also be used for early diagnosis. The following are some of the new coronavirus detection methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular biological diagnosis technology based on the sequence of nucleic acids. The full gene sequence of 2019-nCoV has now been obtained [10], so patients who are suspected of being infected with 2019-nCoV [8] can be diagnosed by pan-coronavirus PCR for virus identification [11]. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a technology combining RNA reverse transcription (RT) with polymerase chain amplification (PCR) of cDNA. A duplex RT-PCR assay can be used to detect SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV using pUC57SARS-pS2 and pGEM-MERSS2 as templates, respectively [12]. Also, samples collected from the upper respiratory tract (oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal) and lower respiratory tract (endotracheal aspirate, expectorated sputum, or bronchoalveolar lavage) of suspected 2019-nCoV patients can be diagnosed by RT-PCR [8]. Reverse transcription-insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction (RT-iiPCR), quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Real-time RT-PCR (rtRT-PCR), and one-step rtRT-PCR were all further optimized [[13], [14], [15], [16]]. These optimized RT-PCR methods were used to detect the MERS-CoV envelope gene (upE) and the open reading frame 1a (ORF1a) or open reading frame 1b (ORF1b) genes separately. However, rtRT-PCR was used to identify 2019-nCoV through preliminary and validation detection of its E gene, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene, and N gene [17]."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":444,"end":465},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":452,"end":465},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":493,"end":495},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":531,"end":552},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":539,"end":552},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":554,"end":556},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":618,"end":620},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":988,"end":990},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1000,"end":1021},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1008,"end":1021},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1070,"end":1072},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":1104,"end":1125},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":1112,"end":1125},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":1173,"end":1175},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1283,"end":1285},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171"}],"text":"Viral nucleic acids can also be used for early diagnosis. The following are some of the new coronavirus detection methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular biological diagnosis technology based on the sequence of nucleic acids. The full gene sequence of 2019-nCoV has now been obtained [10], so patients who are suspected of being infected with 2019-nCoV [8] can be diagnosed by pan-coronavirus PCR for virus identification [11]. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a technology combining RNA reverse transcription (RT) with polymerase chain amplification (PCR) of cDNA. A duplex RT-PCR assay can be used to detect SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV using pUC57SARS-pS2 and pGEM-MERSS2 as templates, respectively [12]. Also, samples collected from the upper respiratory tract (oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal) and lower respiratory tract (endotracheal aspirate, expectorated sputum, or bronchoalveolar lavage) of suspected 2019-nCoV patients can be diagnosed by RT-PCR [8]. Reverse transcription-insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction (RT-iiPCR), quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Real-time RT-PCR (rtRT-PCR), and one-step rtRT-PCR were all further optimized [[13], [14], [15], [16]]. These optimized RT-PCR methods were used to detect the MERS-CoV envelope gene (upE) and the open reading frame 1a (ORF1a) or open reading frame 1b (ORF1b) genes separately. However, rtRT-PCR was used to identify 2019-nCoV through preliminary and validation detection of its E gene, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene, and N gene [17]."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":0,"end":57},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":58,"end":122},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":123,"end":241},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":242,"end":443},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":444,"end":608},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":609,"end":743},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T35","span":{"begin":744,"end":999},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T36","span":{"begin":1000,"end":1266},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T37","span":{"begin":1267,"end":1439},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T38","span":{"begin":1440,"end":1607},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Viral nucleic acids can also be used for early diagnosis. The following are some of the new coronavirus detection methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular biological diagnosis technology based on the sequence of nucleic acids. The full gene sequence of 2019-nCoV has now been obtained [10], so patients who are suspected of being infected with 2019-nCoV [8] can be diagnosed by pan-coronavirus PCR for virus identification [11]. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a technology combining RNA reverse transcription (RT) with polymerase chain amplification (PCR) of cDNA. A duplex RT-PCR assay can be used to detect SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV using pUC57SARS-pS2 and pGEM-MERSS2 as templates, respectively [12]. Also, samples collected from the upper respiratory tract (oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal) and lower respiratory tract (endotracheal aspirate, expectorated sputum, or bronchoalveolar lavage) of suspected 2019-nCoV patients can be diagnosed by RT-PCR [8]. Reverse transcription-insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction (RT-iiPCR), quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Real-time RT-PCR (rtRT-PCR), and one-step rtRT-PCR were all further optimized [[13], [14], [15], [16]]. These optimized RT-PCR methods were used to detect the MERS-CoV envelope gene (upE) and the open reading frame 1a (ORF1a) or open reading frame 1b (ORF1b) genes separately. However, rtRT-PCR was used to identify 2019-nCoV through preliminary and validation detection of its E gene, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene, and N gene [17]."}

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32017984-28220326-69697725","span":{"begin":739,"end":741},"obj":"28220326"},{"id":"32017984-28807812-69697726","span":{"begin":1243,"end":1245},"obj":"28807812"},{"id":"32017984-24153118-69697727","span":{"begin":1249,"end":1251},"obj":"24153118"},{"id":"32017984-23041020-69697728","span":{"begin":1255,"end":1257},"obj":"23041020"},{"id":"32017984-28191331-69697729","span":{"begin":1261,"end":1263},"obj":"28191331"}],"text":"Viral nucleic acids can also be used for early diagnosis. The following are some of the new coronavirus detection methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular biological diagnosis technology based on the sequence of nucleic acids. The full gene sequence of 2019-nCoV has now been obtained [10], so patients who are suspected of being infected with 2019-nCoV [8] can be diagnosed by pan-coronavirus PCR for virus identification [11]. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a technology combining RNA reverse transcription (RT) with polymerase chain amplification (PCR) of cDNA. A duplex RT-PCR assay can be used to detect SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV using pUC57SARS-pS2 and pGEM-MERSS2 as templates, respectively [12]. Also, samples collected from the upper respiratory tract (oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal) and lower respiratory tract (endotracheal aspirate, expectorated sputum, or bronchoalveolar lavage) of suspected 2019-nCoV patients can be diagnosed by RT-PCR [8]. Reverse transcription-insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction (RT-iiPCR), quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Real-time RT-PCR (rtRT-PCR), and one-step rtRT-PCR were all further optimized [[13], [14], [15], [16]]. These optimized RT-PCR methods were used to detect the MERS-CoV envelope gene (upE) and the open reading frame 1a (ORF1a) or open reading frame 1b (ORF1b) genes separately. However, rtRT-PCR was used to identify 2019-nCoV through preliminary and validation detection of its E gene, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene, and N gene [17]."}