PMC:7102556 / 2607-7639
Annnotations
LitCovid-PubTator
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 87 | 923-934 | Species | denotes | coronavirus | Tax:11118 |
| 88 | 1226-1237 | Species | denotes | coronavirus | Tax:11118 |
| 89 | 1274-1283 | Species | denotes | 2019-nCoV | Tax:2697049 |
| 90 | 1524-1533 | Species | denotes | 2019-nCoV | Tax:2697049 |
| 91 | 325-341 | Disease | denotes | viral infections | MESH:D001102 |
| 106 | 3268-3272 | Gene | denotes | RdRp | Gene:43740578 |
| 107 | 3284-3285 | Gene | denotes | N | Gene:43740575 |
| 108 | 1777-1792 | Species | denotes | new coronavirus | Tax:2697049 |
| 109 | 1957-1966 | Species | denotes | 2019-nCoV | Tax:2697049 |
| 110 | 1998-2006 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 111 | 2048-2057 | Species | denotes | 2019-nCoV | Tax:2697049 |
| 112 | 2086-2097 | Species | denotes | coronavirus | Tax:11118 |
| 113 | 2342-2350 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
| 114 | 2355-2363 | Species | denotes | MERS-CoV | Tax:1335626 |
| 115 | 2638-2647 | Species | denotes | 2019-nCoV | Tax:2697049 |
| 116 | 2648-2656 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 117 | 3011-3019 | Species | denotes | MERS-CoV | Tax:1335626 |
| 118 | 3168-3177 | Species | denotes | 2019-nCoV | Tax:2697049 |
| 119 | 2034-2042 | Disease | denotes | infected | MESH:D007239 |
| 123 | 3561-3569 | Species | denotes | MERS-CoV | Tax:1335626 |
| 124 | 3933-3941 | Species | denotes | MERS-CoV | Tax:1335626 |
| 125 | 4140-4148 | Species | denotes | MERS-CoV | Tax:1335626 |
| 138 | 4210-4223 | Species | denotes | coronaviruses | Tax:11118 |
| 139 | 4264-4267 | Species | denotes | CoV | Tax:11118 |
| 140 | 4429-4434 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
| 141 | 4435-4448 | Species | denotes | coronaviruses | Tax:11118 |
| 142 | 4724-4729 | Species | denotes | Ebola | Tax:1570291 |
| 143 | 4957-4965 | Species | denotes | MERS-CoV | Tax:1335626 |
| 144 | 4967-4993 | Species | denotes | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Tax:1773 |
| 145 | 5005-5025 | Species | denotes | human papillomavirus | Tax:10566 |
| 146 | 4995-4998 | Species | denotes | MTB | Tax:1773 |
| 147 | 5027-5030 | Species | denotes | HPV | Tax:10566 |
| 148 | 4794-4827 | Chemical | denotes | Pyrrolidinyl Peptide Nucleic Acid | |
| 149 | 4836-4842 | Chemical | denotes | silver | MESH:D012834 |
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T2 | 395-406 | Body_part | denotes | nasopharynx | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma54878 |
| T3 | 410-417 | Body_part | denotes | trachea | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7394 |
| T4 | 428-434 | Body_part | denotes | sputum | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma312401 |
| T5 | 438-442 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195 |
| T6 | 443-449 | Body_part | denotes | tissue | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637 |
| T7 | 451-456 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670 |
| T8 | 461-466 | Body_part | denotes | feces | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma64183 |
| T9 | 570-593 | Body_part | denotes | lower respiratory tract | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45662 |
| T10 | 671-678 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T11 | 710-718 | Body_part | denotes | antibody | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871 |
| T12 | 759-766 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T13 | 908-915 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T14 | 953-961 | Body_part | denotes | antibody | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871 |
| T15 | 1206-1210 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T16 | 1244-1251 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T17 | 1940-1944 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T18 | 2216-2219 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T19 | 2466-2489 | Body_part | denotes | upper respiratory tract | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45661 |
| T20 | 2529-2552 | Body_part | denotes | lower respiratory tract | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45662 |
| T21 | 2590-2596 | Body_part | denotes | sputum | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma312401 |
| T22 | 3029-3033 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T23 | 3232-3236 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T24 | 3238-3241 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T25 | 3252-3255 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T26 | 3274-3278 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T27 | 3286-3290 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T28 | 3506-3509 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T29 | 3553-3557 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T30 | 3584-3588 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T31 | 3925-3929 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T32 | 4889-4892 | Body_part | denotes | DNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412 |
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 395-406 | Body_part | denotes | nasopharynx | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001728 |
| T2 | 410-417 | Body_part | denotes | trachea | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003126 |
| T3 | 428-434 | Body_part | denotes | sputum | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007311 |
| T4 | 438-442 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 |
| T5 | 443-449 | Body_part | denotes | tissue | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479 |
| T6 | 451-456 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 |
| T7 | 461-466 | Body_part | denotes | feces | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001988 |
| T8 | 570-593 | Body_part | denotes | lower respiratory tract | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001558 |
| T9 | 576-593 | Body_part | denotes | respiratory tract | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065 |
| T10 | 2466-2489 | Body_part | denotes | upper respiratory tract | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001557 |
| T11 | 2472-2489 | Body_part | denotes | respiratory tract | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065 |
| T12 | 2529-2552 | Body_part | denotes | lower respiratory tract | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001558 |
| T13 | 2535-2552 | Body_part | denotes | respiratory tract | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065 |
| T14 | 2590-2596 | Body_part | denotes | sputum | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007311 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T16 | 325-341 | Disease | denotes | viral infections | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108 |
| T17 | 2342-2350 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T18 | 3727-3729 | Disease | denotes | VF | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000190 |
| T19 | 4715-4719 | Disease | denotes | Zika | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018661 |
| T20 | 4724-4729 | Disease | denotes | Ebola | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737 |
| T21 | 4981-4993 | Disease | denotes | tuberculosis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018076 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T17 | 95-100 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T18 | 193-198 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T19 | 236-241 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T20 | 295-296 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T21 | 343-344 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T22 | 438-442 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 | denotes | lung |
| T23 | 438-442 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 | denotes | lung |
| T24 | 451-456 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 | denotes | blood |
| T25 | 451-456 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 | denotes | blood |
| T26 | 491-498 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | testing |
| T27 | 502-503 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T28 | 531-532 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T29 | 570-593 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001558 | denotes | lower respiratory tract |
| T30 | 742-744 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008192 | denotes | NP |
| T31 | 835-839 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | test |
| T32 | 899-904 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T33 | 1000-1001 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T34 | 1206-1210 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T35 | 1359-1364 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T36 | 1513-1518 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T37 | 1664-1669 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T38 | 1847-1848 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T39 | 1940-1944 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T40 | 1967-1970 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T41 | 2082-2085 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9596 | denotes | pan |
| T42 | 2106-2111 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T43 | 2128-2130 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 | denotes | 11 |
| T44 | 2193-2194 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T45 | 2298-2299 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T46 | 2380-2383 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008497 | denotes | pS2 |
| T47 | 2529-2552 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001558 | denotes | lower respiratory tract |
| T48 | 3029-3033 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T49 | 3111-3116 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | genes |
| T50 | 3232-3236 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T51 | 3274-3278 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T52 | 3286-3290 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T53 | 3553-3557 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T54 | 3584-3588 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T55 | 3590-3592 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 | denotes | 18 |
| T56 | 3925-3929 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T57 | 4188-4193 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | tests |
| T58 | 4234-4241 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | viruses |
| T59 | 4248-4250 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007874 | denotes | MS |
| T60 | 4389-4391 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007874 | denotes | MS |
| T61 | 4429-4434 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
| T62 | 4522-4524 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 | denotes | 22 |
| T63 | 4539-4543 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | test |
| T64 | 4730-4737 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | viruses |
| T65 | 4807-4814 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 | denotes | Peptide |
| T66 | 4893-4900 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | testing |
| T67 | 5005-5010 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T6 | 121-133 | Chemical | denotes | nucleic acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696 |
| T7 | 129-133 | Chemical | denotes | acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527 |
| T8 | 217-221 | Chemical | denotes | gold | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30050 |
| T10 | 671-678 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
| T11 | 742-744 | Chemical | denotes | NP | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53793|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73425 |
| T14 | 759-766 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
| T15 | 876-883 | Chemical | denotes | antigen | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132 |
| T16 | 908-915 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
| T17 | 1244-1251 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
| T18 | 1444-1452 | Chemical | denotes | electron | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545 |
| T19 | 1545-1553 | Chemical | denotes | antigens | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132 |
| T20 | 1695-1708 | Chemical | denotes | nucleic acids | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696 |
| T21 | 1703-1708 | Chemical | denotes | acids | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527 |
| T22 | 1916-1929 | Chemical | denotes | nucleic acids | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696 |
| T23 | 1924-1929 | Chemical | denotes | acids | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527 |
| T24 | 3727-3729 | Chemical | denotes | VF | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75016 |
| T25 | 4248-4250 | Chemical | denotes | MS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73613 |
| T26 | 4389-4391 | Chemical | denotes | MS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73613 |
| T27 | 4807-4814 | Chemical | denotes | Peptide | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670 |
| T28 | 4823-4827 | Chemical | denotes | Acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527 |
| T29 | 4836-4856 | Chemical | denotes | silver nanoparticles | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50826 |
| T30 | 4836-4842 | Chemical | denotes | silver | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141 |
| T32 | 4843-4856 | Chemical | denotes | nanoparticles | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803 |
| T33 | 4889-4892 | Chemical | denotes | DNA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991 |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 325-341 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 | denotes | viral infections |
| T2 | 2133-2154 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | Reverse transcription |
| T3 | 2141-2154 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351 | denotes | transcription |
| T4 | 2182-2184 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | RT |
| T5 | 2220-2241 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | reverse transcription |
| T6 | 2228-2241 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351 | denotes | transcription |
| T7 | 2243-2245 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | RT |
| T8 | 2307-2309 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | RT |
| T9 | 2677-2679 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | RT |
| T10 | 2689-2710 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | Reverse transcription |
| T11 | 2697-2710 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351 | denotes | transcription |
| T12 | 2759-2761 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | RT |
| T13 | 2793-2814 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | reverse transcription |
| T14 | 2801-2814 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351 | denotes | transcription |
| T15 | 2862-2864 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | RT |
| T16 | 2972-2974 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | RT |
| T17 | 3365-3367 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | RT |
| T18 | 3429-3450 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | reverse transcription |
| T19 | 3437-3450 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351 | denotes | transcription |
| T20 | 3491-3493 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | RT |
| T21 | 3603-3624 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | reverse transcription |
| T22 | 3611-3624 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351 | denotes | transcription |
| T23 | 3673-3675 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | RT |
| T24 | 3699-3701 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | RT |
| T25 | 3719-3721 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | RT |
| T26 | 3752-3754 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | RT |
| T27 | 3794-3815 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | reverse transcription |
| T28 | 3802-3815 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351 | denotes | transcription |
| T29 | 4041-4062 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | reverse transcription |
| T30 | 4049-4062 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351 | denotes | transcription |
| T31 | 4107-4109 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | RT |
| T32 | 4353-4359 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060361 | denotes | flight |
LitCovid-PD-HP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T5 | 1163-1179 | Phenotype | denotes | highly sensitive | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0041092 |
LitCovid-sentences
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T19 | 0-50 | Sentence | denotes | 1 Rapid identification of an emerging coronavirus |
| T20 | 51-144 | Sentence | denotes | Identification of pathogens mainly includes virus isolation and viral nucleic acid detection. |
| T21 | 145-270 | Sentence | denotes | According to the traditional Koch’s postulates, virus isolation is the “gold standard” for virus diagnosis in the laboratory. |
| T22 | 271-342 | Sentence | denotes | First, viral culture is a prerequisite for diagnosing viral infections. |
| T23 | 343-604 | Sentence | denotes | A variety of specimens (such as swabs, nasal swabs, nasopharynx or trachea extracts, sputum or lung tissue, blood and feces) should be retained for testing in a timely manner, which gives a higher rate of positive detection of lower respiratory tract specimens. |
| T24 | 605-1042 | Sentence | denotes | Then, immunological methods – including immunofluorescence assay, protein microarray, direct fluorescent antibody assay, MAb-based rapid NP (nucleocapsid protein) detection, semiconductor quantum dots, and the microneutralization test – which measure binding between the antigen from the whole virus or protein of the coronavirus and corresponding antibody, are easy to operate rapidly but have a lower sensitivity and specificity [3,4]. |
| T25 | 1043-1258 | Sentence | denotes | In addition, other immunological methods, including microneutralization ppNT assay (pseudo-particle neutralization) are highly sensitive and specific by using the gene coding for the coronavirus spike protein [5,6]. |
| T26 | 1259-1468 | Sentence | denotes | In the case of 2019-nCoV, viral research institutions can conduct preliminary identification of the virus through the classical Koch’s Postulates or observing its morphology through an electron microscopy [7]. |
| T27 | 1469-1624 | Sentence | denotes | Serology could also be used to identify the virus when 2019-nCoV-associated antigens and monoclonal antibodies are developed in the future [[7], [8], [9]]. |
| T28 | 1625-1688 | Sentence | denotes | All the examples above are traditional virus detection methods. |
| T29 | 1689-1746 | Sentence | denotes | Viral nucleic acids can also be used for early diagnosis. |
| T30 | 1747-1811 | Sentence | denotes | The following are some of the new coronavirus detection methods. |
| T31 | 1812-1930 | Sentence | denotes | Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular biological diagnosis technology based on the sequence of nucleic acids. |
| T32 | 1931-2132 | Sentence | denotes | The full gene sequence of 2019-nCoV has now been obtained [10], so patients who are suspected of being infected with 2019-nCoV [8] can be diagnosed by pan-coronavirus PCR for virus identification [11]. |
| T33 | 2133-2297 | Sentence | denotes | Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a technology combining RNA reverse transcription (RT) with polymerase chain amplification (PCR) of cDNA. |
| T34 | 2298-2432 | Sentence | denotes | A duplex RT-PCR assay can be used to detect SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV using pUC57SARS-pS2 and pGEM-MERSS2 as templates, respectively [12]. |
| T35 | 2433-2688 | Sentence | denotes | Also, samples collected from the upper respiratory tract (oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal) and lower respiratory tract (endotracheal aspirate, expectorated sputum, or bronchoalveolar lavage) of suspected 2019-nCoV patients can be diagnosed by RT-PCR [8]. |
| T36 | 2689-2955 | Sentence | denotes | Reverse transcription-insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction (RT-iiPCR), quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Real-time RT-PCR (rtRT-PCR), and one-step rtRT-PCR were all further optimized [[13], [14], [15], [16]]. |
| T37 | 2956-3128 | Sentence | denotes | These optimized RT-PCR methods were used to detect the MERS-CoV envelope gene (upE) and the open reading frame 1a (ORF1a) or open reading frame 1b (ORF1b) genes separately. |
| T38 | 3129-3296 | Sentence | denotes | However, rtRT-PCR was used to identify 2019-nCoV through preliminary and validation detection of its E gene, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene, and N gene [17]. |
| T39 | 3297-3415 | Sentence | denotes | There are other molecular-based detection techniques in addition to RT-PCR and similar optimized detection techniques. |
| T40 | 3416-3594 | Sentence | denotes | For example, reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) is an RNA amplification technique that detects the N gene of MERS-CoV and the ORF1a gene [18]. |
| T41 | 3595-3894 | Sentence | denotes | One-pot reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (one-pot RT-LAMP) is the optimized RT-LAMP [19], while RT-LAMP-VF is the deformation of RT-LAMP [20], which is the combination of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification and vertical flow visualization strips. |
| T42 | 3895-4011 | Sentence | denotes | Both are used to detect the N gene of MERS-CoV, making detection easier, faster, more efficient and highly specific. |
| T43 | 4012-4154 | Sentence | denotes | Besides these three methods, reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay (RT-PRA) is also used to identify MERS-CoV [21]. |
| T44 | 4155-4242 | Sentence | denotes | Finally, the following multiplex tests can detect both coronaviruses and other viruses. |
| T45 | 4243-4526 | Sentence | denotes | MCoV-MS (multiplexed CoV mass spectrometry) uses an array matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) system to accurately identify known human coronaviruses (hCoVs) and to provide phylogenetic evidence for emerging unknown hCoVs [22]. |
| T46 | 4527-4681 | Sentence | denotes | Another new test method, arch-shaped multiple-target sensor, is used to amplify the target for rapid identification of pathogens in clinical samples [23]. |
| T47 | 4682-4738 | Sentence | denotes | The method can detect hCoVs, and Zika and Ebola viruses. |
| T48 | 4739-4906 | Sentence | denotes | The last one, the paper-based colorimetric assay, uses Pyrrolidinyl Peptide Nucleic Acid-induced silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) aggregation of pathogen DNA testing [24]. |
| T49 | 4907-5032 | Sentence | denotes | The color change of AgNPs can distinguish between MERS-CoV, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), and human papillomavirus (HPV). |
2_test
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 32017984-23583636-69697721 | 1037-1038 | 23583636 | denotes | 3 |
| 32017984-24218504-69697722 | 1039-1040 | 24218504 | denotes | 4 |
| 32017984-23594517-69697723 | 1253-1254 | 23594517 | denotes | 5 |
| 32017984-23978242-69697724 | 1255-1256 | 23978242 | denotes | 6 |
| 32017984-28220326-69697725 | 2428-2430 | 28220326 | denotes | 12 |
| 32017984-28807812-69697726 | 2932-2934 | 28807812 | denotes | 13 |
| 32017984-24153118-69697727 | 2938-2940 | 24153118 | denotes | 14 |
| 32017984-23041020-69697728 | 2944-2946 | 23041020 | denotes | 15 |
| 32017984-28191331-69697729 | 2950-2952 | 28191331 | denotes | 16 |
| 32017984-25103205-69697730 | 3590-3592 | 25103205 | denotes | 18 |
| 32017984-28119682-69697731 | 3708-3710 | 28119682 | denotes | 19 |
| 32017984-29896174-69697732 | 3761-3763 | 29896174 | denotes | 20 |
| 32017984-28848521-69697733 | 4522-4524 | 28848521 | denotes | 22 |
| 32017984-30103157-69697734 | 4677-4679 | 30103157 | denotes | 23 |
| 32017984-28394582-69697735 | 4902-4904 | 28394582 | denotes | 24 |