PMC:7079563 / 1961-3910 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7079563","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7079563","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7079563","text":"1.1 Pathogen identification and transmission of pneumonia\nOn 31th December 2019, the first pneumonia case of unknown etiology was reported in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. In order to identify the etiology, a number of possible etiological agents were ruled out, including the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), the Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), avian influenza virus, and other common respiratory pathogens. Finally, a new coronavirus, temporally named 2019-nCoV, was identified to be the pathogen responsible for disease, and it was announced by World Health Organization (WHO) on 12th January [3]. As of January 11, 2020, 41 pneumonia cases were diagnosed, including seven severe cases and one death [2]. At that time, there was no evidence of person-to-person transmission according to the scientific literature. The first “super-spreading” event became a hallmark of the epidemiology of the disease. On January 20, 2020, in epidemiological investigations, two local infections in patients who were infected by 2019-nCoV without physical visits to Wuhan were reported in Guangdong Province, which confirmed the occurrence of human-to-human transmission [4]. Then, 14 medical staff infected by 2019-nCoV from patients further confirmed the human-to-human contagion [5]. On 21th January 2020, WHO announced that 2019-nCoV was possibly sustained through human-to-human transmission, warning the public to take self-protection measures [3]. The first of many cases, this disease was rapidly shown to cause an epidemic [6]. Due to the high transmissibility of 2019-nCoV, the Chinese government has taken quick action and various measures to deal with the epidemic, trying to prevent spread of the outbreak and to treat patients. Researchers put much effort to understand the origin and pathophysiology of this novel coronavirus, and have been testing multiple drugs to screen effective 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