PMC:7060195
Annnotations
LitCovid-PubTator
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 16-36 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia | MESH:C000657245 |
6 | 139-149 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
7 | 433-443 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
8 | 79-109 | Disease | denotes | 2019-novel coronavirus disease | MESH:C000657245 |
9 | 111-119 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
30 | 461-483 | Species | denotes | 2019-novel coronavirus | Tax:2697049 |
31 | 485-495 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
32 | 921-927 | Species | denotes | people | Tax:9606 |
33 | 977-982 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
34 | 986-991 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
35 | 1240-1250 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
36 | 1386-1394 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
37 | 1595-1605 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
38 | 518-527 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
39 | 529-537 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
40 | 837-858 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 infections | MESH:C000657245 |
41 | 933-937 | Disease | denotes | died | MESH:D003643 |
42 | 949-957 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
43 | 1115-1124 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
44 | 1308-1313 | Disease | denotes | Fever | MESH:D005334 |
45 | 1315-1324 | Disease | denotes | dry cough | MESH:D003371 |
46 | 1330-1337 | Disease | denotes | fatigue | MESH:D005221 |
47 | 1370-1378 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
48 | 1400-1411 | Disease | denotes | lymphopenia | MESH:D008231 |
49 | 1565-1578 | Disease | denotes | viral disease | MESH:D001102 |
52 | 3684-3690 | Species | denotes | humans | Tax:9606 |
53 | 3717-3725 | Disease | denotes | toxicity | MESH:D064420 |
64 | 1900-1904 | Gene | denotes | Hu-1 | Gene:3215 |
65 | 1882-1892 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
66 | 2063-2073 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
67 | 2379-2389 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
68 | 2782-2792 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
69 | 1851-1860 | Species | denotes | influenza | Tax:11320 |
70 | 2234-2246 | Chemical | denotes | formaldehyde | MESH:D005557 |
71 | 2252-2267 | Chemical | denotes | β-propiolactone | MESH:D011420 |
72 | 2440-2451 | Disease | denotes | lung injury | MESH:D055370 |
73 | 2013-2023 | CellLine | denotes | MN908947.3 | CVCL:U508 |
99 | 4547-4548 | Gene | denotes | E | Gene:43740570 |
100 | 4551-4559 | Gene | denotes | membrane | Gene:43740571 |
101 | 4561-4562 | Gene | denotes | M | Gene:43740571 |
102 | 4579-4580 | Gene | denotes | N | Gene:43740575 |
103 | 4587-4592 | Gene | denotes | spike | Gene:43740568 |
104 | 4594-4595 | Gene | denotes | S | Gene:43740568 |
105 | 4691-4694 | Gene | denotes | CD4 | Gene:920 |
106 | 4696-4699 | Gene | denotes | CD8 | Gene:925 |
107 | 4565-4577 | Gene | denotes | nucleocapsid | Gene:43740575 |
108 | 3895-3905 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
109 | 4144-4154 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
110 | 4176-4184 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
111 | 4189-4244 | Species | denotes | Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) | Tax:1335626 |
112 | 4488-4498 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
113 | 4848-4857 | Disease | denotes | hepatitis | MESH:D056486 |
114 | 3948-3958 | CellLine | denotes | MN908947.3 | CVCL:U508 |
115 | 3960-3970 | CellLine | denotes | MN975262.1 | CVCL:U508 |
116 | 3985-3995 | CellLine | denotes | MN997409.1 | CVCL:U508 |
117 | 3997-4007 | CellLine | denotes | MN985325.1 | CVCL:U508 |
118 | 4009-4019 | CellLine | denotes | MN988669.1 | CVCL:U508 |
119 | 4021-4031 | CellLine | denotes | MN988668.1 | CVCL:U508 |
120 | 4033-4043 | CellLine | denotes | MN994468.1 | CVCL:U508 |
121 | 4045-4055 | CellLine | denotes | MN994467.1 | CVCL:U508 |
122 | 4057-4067 | CellLine | denotes | MN988713.1 | CVCL:U508 |
123 | 4073-4083 | CellLine | denotes | MN938384.1 | CVCL:U508 |
152 | 6731-6762 | Gene | denotes | angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 | Gene:59272 |
153 | 6764-6768 | Gene | denotes | ACE2 | Gene:59272 |
154 | 6052-6053 | Gene | denotes | S | Gene:43740568 |
155 | 5986-5987 | Gene | denotes | S | Gene:43740568 |
156 | 5371-5382 | Species | denotes | coronavirus | Tax:11118 |
157 | 5491-5495 | Species | denotes | CoVs | Tax:11118 |
158 | 5560-5568 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
159 | 5572-5580 | Species | denotes | MERS-CoV | Tax:1335626 |
160 | 5727-5735 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
161 | 5779-5782 | Species | denotes | CoV | Tax:11118 |
162 | 5905-5915 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
163 | 5991-6001 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
164 | 6075-6085 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
165 | 6201-6211 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
166 | 6261-6270 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoVs | Tax:694009 |
167 | 6570-6587 | Species | denotes | influenza A virus | Tax:11320 |
168 | 6800-6809 | Species | denotes | 2019-nCoV | Tax:2697049 |
169 | 6849-6854 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
170 | 6855-6864 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoVs | Tax:694009 |
171 | 7337-7346 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoVs | Tax:694009 |
172 | 7396-7417 | Species | denotes | African green monkeys | Tax:9534 |
173 | 7452-7460 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
174 | 7505-7513 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
175 | 7543-7551 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
176 | 7736-7746 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
177 | 6450-6459 | Species | denotes | influenza | Tax:11320 |
178 | 5947-5956 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
179 | 7139-7154 | Disease | denotes | viral infection | MESH:D001102 |
184 | 8433-8441 | Gene | denotes | membrane | Gene:43740571 |
185 | 8090-8100 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
186 | 8232-8242 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
187 | 8023-8050 | Disease | denotes | respiratory tract infection | MESH:D012141 |
193 | 8760-8762 | Gene | denotes | S1 | |
194 | 8965-8968 | Gene | denotes | GSK | |
195 | 8797-8807 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
196 | 9373-9383 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
197 | 8624-8632 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
199 | 9826-9827 | Gene | denotes | S | Gene:43740568 |
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 1458-1463 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576 |
T2 | 2440-2444 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195 |
T3 | 2472-2482 | Body_part | denotes | neutrophil | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62860 |
T4 | 2523-2531 | Body_part | denotes | cytokine | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050 |
T5 | 3579-3582 | Body_part | denotes | DNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412 |
T6 | 3729-3733 | Body_part | denotes | mRNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67122 |
T7 | 3906-3913 | Body_part | denotes | genomes | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116 |
T8 | 4293-4296 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
T9 | 4310-4316 | Body_part | denotes | genome | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116 |
T10 | 4335-4346 | Body_part | denotes | nucleotides | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82740 |
T11 | 4519-4527 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T12 | 4610-4618 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T13 | 4703-4707 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T14 | 4962-4965 | Body_part | denotes | DNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412 |
T15 | 4970-4974 | Body_part | denotes | mRNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67122 |
T16 | 5310-5318 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T17 | 5394-5401 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T18 | 5425-5428 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
T19 | 5456-5463 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T20 | 5598-5605 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T21 | 5646-5653 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T22 | 5699-5706 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T23 | 5707-5710 | Body_part | denotes | DNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412 |
T24 | 5764-5771 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T25 | 5894-5901 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T26 | 5973-5985 | Body_part | denotes | glycoprotein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925 |
T27 | 6064-6071 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T28 | 6169-6176 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T29 | 6309-6316 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T30 | 6402-6412 | Body_part | denotes | Antibodies | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871 |
T31 | 6708-6713 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T32 | 6789-6796 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T33 | 6902-6913 | Body_part | denotes | amino acids | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739 |
T34 | 7228-7235 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T35 | 7264-7272 | Body_part | denotes | antibody | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871 |
T36 | 7441-7448 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T37 | 7556-7564 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T38 | 8023-8040 | Body_part | denotes | respiratory tract | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma265130 |
T39 | 8272-8275 | Body_part | denotes | DNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412 |
T40 | 8302-8305 | Body_part | denotes | DNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412 |
T41 | 8763-8770 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T42 | 9403-9407 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 1458-1463 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443 |
T2 | 2046-2051 | Body_part | denotes | scale | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002542 |
T3 | 2440-2444 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 |
T4 | 8023-8040 | Body_part | denotes | respiratory tract | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065 |
LitCovid-PD-HP
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 27-36 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
T2 | 518-527 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
T3 | 1115-1124 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
T4 | 1308-1313 | Phenotype | denotes | Fever | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945 |
T5 | 1315-1324 | Phenotype | denotes | dry cough | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031246 |
T6 | 1330-1337 | Phenotype | denotes | fatigue | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012378 |
T7 | 1400-1411 | Phenotype | denotes | lymphopenia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001888 |
T8 | 4848-4857 | Phenotype | denotes | hepatitis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115 |
T9 | 8023-8050 | Phenotype | denotes | respiratory tract infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011947 |
LitCovid_AGAC
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
p10944s31 | 2453-2463 | NegReg | denotes | diminished |
p10944s33 | 2472-2489 | CPA | denotes | neutrophil influx |
p10944s41 | 2523-2543 | MPA | denotes | cytokine expressions |
p10963s4 | 5464-5473 | NegReg | denotes | abrogated |
p10963s6 | 5478-5487 | MPA | denotes | virulence |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 16-24 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T2 | 27-36 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
T3 | 111-119 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T4 | 139-147 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T5 | 433-441 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T6 | 485-493 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T7 | 518-527 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
T8 | 529-537 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T9 | 837-845 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T10 | 848-858 | Disease | denotes | infections | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
T11 | 949-957 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T12 | 1115-1124 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
T13 | 1240-1248 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T14 | 1400-1411 | Disease | denotes | lymphopenia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0003783 |
T15 | 1565-1578 | Disease | denotes | viral disease | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108 |
T16 | 1595-1603 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T17 | 1851-1860 | Disease | denotes | influenza | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812 |
T18 | 1882-1890 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T19 | 2063-2071 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T20 | 2379-2387 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T21 | 2445-2451 | Disease | denotes | injury | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178 |
T22 | 2782-2790 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T23 | 3895-3903 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T24 | 4144-4152 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T25 | 4176-4184 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T26 | 4488-4496 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T27 | 4848-4859 | Disease | denotes | hepatitis B | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005344 |
T28 | 4848-4857 | Disease | denotes | hepatitis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251 |
T29 | 5560-5568 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T30 | 5727-5735 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T31 | 5905-5913 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T32 | 5991-5999 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T33 | 6075-6083 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T34 | 6201-6209 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T35 | 6261-6265 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T36 | 6450-6459 | Disease | denotes | influenza | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812 |
T37 | 6570-6579 | Disease | denotes | influenza | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812 |
T38 | 6855-6859 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T39 | 7139-7154 | Disease | denotes | viral infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108 |
T40 | 7145-7154 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
T41 | 7165-7169 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T42 | 7337-7341 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T43 | 7452-7460 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T44 | 7505-7513 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T45 | 7543-7551 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T46 | 7736-7744 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T47 | 8023-8050 | Disease | denotes | respiratory tract infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355 |
T48 | 8041-8050 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
T49 | 8090-8098 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T50 | 8232-8240 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T51 | 8624-8632 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T52 | 8797-8805 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T53 | 9373-9381 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 150-153 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T2 | 183-186 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T3 | 203-204 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T4 | 539-542 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T5 | 586-589 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T6 | 808-809 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
T7 | 974-982 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | by human |
T8 | 986-991 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
T9 | 1010-1011 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T10 | 1299-1300 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T11 | 1458-1463 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 | denotes | chest |
T12 | 1550-1551 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T13 | 1654-1659 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T14 | 1737-1742 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T15 | 2116-2121 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T16 | 2300-2305 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T17 | 2440-2444 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 | denotes | lung |
T18 | 2440-2444 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 | denotes | lung |
T19 | 2612-2617 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T20 | 2760-2768 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 | denotes | peptides |
T21 | 2950-2955 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T22 | 3103-3108 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T23 | 3684-3690 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | humans |
T24 | 4114-4119 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T25 | 4297-4302 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T26 | 4308-4309 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T27 | 4479-4480 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
T28 | 4499-4502 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T29 | 4551-4559 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 | denotes | membrane |
T30 | 4691-4694 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001004 | denotes | CD4 |
T31 | 4696-4699 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053438 | denotes | CD8 |
T32 | 4701-4707 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084 | denotes | T-cell |
T33 | 4858-4859 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 | denotes | B |
T34 | 4937-4943 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | tested |
T35 | 5369-5370 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T36 | 5586-5587 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T37 | 5815-5816 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T38 | 6021-6026 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T39 | 6122-6124 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 | denotes | S1 |
T40 | 6130-6132 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001627 | denotes | aa |
T41 | 6138-6140 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 | denotes | S2 |
T42 | 6138-6140 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 | denotes | S2 |
T43 | 6146-6148 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001627 | denotes | aa |
T44 | 6166-6168 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 | denotes | S2 |
T45 | 6166-6168 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 | denotes | S2 |
T46 | 6212-6219 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | viruses |
T47 | 6257-6260 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 | denotes | bat |
T48 | 6306-6308 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 | denotes | S2 |
T49 | 6306-6308 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 | denotes | S2 |
T50 | 6376-6383 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | testing |
T51 | 6387-6393 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 | denotes | animal |
T52 | 6580-6581 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
T53 | 6608-6610 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 | denotes | S1 |
T54 | 6681-6686 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T55 | 6708-6713 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
T56 | 6786-6788 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 | denotes | S1 |
T57 | 6849-6854 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
T58 | 7019-7024 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T59 | 7079-7080 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T60 | 7081-7086 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T61 | 7102-7103 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T62 | 7298-7299 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T63 | 7410-7417 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9479 | denotes | monkeys |
T64 | 7470-7477 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9479 | denotes | monkeys |
T65 | 7656-7662 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 | denotes | animal |
T66 | 7722-7724 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 | denotes | S1 |
T67 | 7815-7821 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | tested |
T68 | 8012-8013 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T69 | 8265-8266 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
T70 | 8332-8337 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T71 | 8406-8414 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2 | denotes | bacteria |
T72 | 8433-8441 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 | denotes | membrane |
T73 | 8567-8572 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T74 | 8660-8665 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T75 | 8760-8762 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 | denotes | S1 |
T76 | 9006-9007 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T77 | 9151-9152 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T78 | 9367-9368 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T79 | 9403-9407 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
T80 | 9429-9436 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | testing |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 276-285 | Chemical | denotes | antiviral | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587 |
T2 | 377-385 | Chemical | denotes | antigens | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132 |
T3 | 1489-1498 | Chemical | denotes | antiviral | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587 |
T4 | 2234-2246 | Chemical | denotes | formaldehyde | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16842 |
T5 | 2752-2759 | Chemical | denotes | antigen | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132 |
T6 | 2760-2768 | Chemical | denotes | peptides | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670 |
T7 | 3440-3449 | Chemical | denotes | adjuvants | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809 |
T8 | 3579-3582 | Chemical | denotes | DNA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991 |
T9 | 4335-4346 | Chemical | denotes | nucleotides | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36976 |
T10 | 4519-4527 | Chemical | denotes | proteins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T11 | 4610-4618 | Chemical | denotes | proteins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T12 | 4632-4640 | Chemical | denotes | antigens | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132 |
T13 | 4792-4801 | Chemical | denotes | adjuvants | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809 |
T14 | 4868-4875 | Chemical | denotes | antigen | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132 |
T15 | 4962-4965 | Chemical | denotes | DNA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991 |
T16 | 5235-5243 | Chemical | denotes | antigens | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132 |
T17 | 5310-5318 | Chemical | denotes | proteins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T18 | 5394-5401 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T19 | 5456-5463 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T20 | 5598-5605 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T21 | 5646-5653 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T22 | 5699-5706 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T23 | 5707-5710 | Chemical | denotes | DNA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991 |
T24 | 5764-5771 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T25 | 5894-5901 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T26 | 5973-5985 | Chemical | denotes | glycoprotein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089 |
T27 | 6064-6071 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T28 | 6138-6140 | Chemical | denotes | S2 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387 |
T29 | 6166-6168 | Chemical | denotes | S2 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387 |
T30 | 6169-6176 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T31 | 6306-6308 | Chemical | denotes | S2 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387 |
T32 | 6309-6316 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T33 | 6346-6355 | Chemical | denotes | antiviral | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587 |
T34 | 6731-6742 | Chemical | denotes | angiotensin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433 |
T35 | 6789-6796 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T36 | 6902-6913 | Chemical | denotes | amino acids | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709 |
T37 | 6902-6907 | Chemical | denotes | amino | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882 |
T38 | 6908-6913 | Chemical | denotes | acids | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527 |
T39 | 7228-7235 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T40 | 7441-7448 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T41 | 7556-7564 | Chemical | denotes | proteins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T42 | 7989-7998 | Chemical | denotes | antiviral | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587 |
T43 | 8272-8275 | Chemical | denotes | DNA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991 |
T44 | 8302-8305 | Chemical | denotes | DNA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991 |
T45 | 8763-8770 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T46 | 8906-8915 | Chemical | denotes | adjuvants | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809 |
T47 | 8924-8928 | Chemical | denotes | alum | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74768 |
T48 | 8943-8952 | Chemical | denotes | adjuvants | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809 |
T49 | 8982-8991 | Chemical | denotes | adjuvants | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809 |
T50 | 9787-9790 | Chemical | denotes | PLA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53407|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60159 |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 2403-2415 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 | denotes | pathogenesis |
T2 | 3149-3165 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 | denotes | immune responses |
T3 | 3319-3343 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006959 | denotes | humoral immune responses |
T4 | 3512-3536 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006959 | denotes | humoral immune responses |
T5 | 3664-3680 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 | denotes | immune responses |
T6 | 3804-3820 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 | denotes | immune responses |
T7 | 4417-4426 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 | denotes | synthesis |
T8 | 5351-5365 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019068 | denotes | viral assembly |
T9 | 5478-5487 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 | denotes | virulence |
T10 | 5478-5487 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 | denotes | virulence |
T11 | 5670-5685 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 | denotes | immune response |
T12 | 7139-7154 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 | denotes | viral infection |
T13 | 8181-8205 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002385 | denotes | mucosal immune responses |
T14 | 9267-9283 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 | denotes | immune responses |
LitCovid-sentences
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 0-61 | Sentence | denotes | The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia calls for viral vaccines |
T2 | 63-254 | Sentence | denotes | The outbreak of 2019-novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that is caused by SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly in China, and has developed to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. |
T3 | 255-327 | Sentence | denotes | However, no specific antiviral treatments or vaccines are available yet. |
T4 | 328-444 | Sentence | denotes | This work aims to share strategies and candidate antigens to develop safe and effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. |
T5 | 446-633 | Sentence | denotes | An outbreak of 2019-novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes atypical pneumonia (COVID-19) has raged in China since mid-December 2019 and has spread to 26 countries (February 20, 2020). |
T6 | 634-807 | Sentence | denotes | The epidemic was identified by the first four cases confirmed on December 29, 2019 and was traced to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China1. |
T7 | 808-948 | Sentence | denotes | A total of 75,465 cases with SARS-CoV-2 infections have been confirmed up to date (February 20, 2020), and 2,236 people have died in China2. |
T8 | 949-1158 | Sentence | denotes | COVID-19 spreads rapidly by human-to-human transmission with a median incubation period of 3.0 days (range, 0 to 24.0), and the time from symptom onset to developing pneumonia is 4.0 days (range, 2.0 to 7.0)3. |
T9 | 1159-1307 | Sentence | denotes | Respiratory droplets and direct contact are conventional transmission routes for SARS-CoV-2, and fecal-to-oral transmission might also have a role3. |
T10 | 1308-1380 | Sentence | denotes | Fever, dry cough, and fatigue are common symptoms at onset of COVID-194. |
T11 | 1381-1476 | Sentence | denotes | Most patients have lymphopenia and bilateral ground-glass opacity changes on chest CT scans4,5. |
T12 | 1477-1579 | Sentence | denotes | No specific antiviral treatments or vaccines are available because it is a new emerging viral disease. |
T13 | 1580-1642 | Sentence | denotes | Development of SARS-CoV-2-based vaccines is urgently required. |
T14 | 1643-1871 | Sentence | denotes | The entire virus particle-based preparation of vaccines, including inactivated and attenuated virus vaccines is advisable, because it is based on previous studies about the prevention and control of seasonal influenza vaccines6. |
T15 | 1872-2012 | Sentence | denotes | The first SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1) was successfully sequenced and its genomic sequence submitted to GenBank on January 5, 2020 (Accession no. |
T16 | 2013-2026 | Sentence | denotes | MN908947.3)7. |
T17 | 2027-2269 | Sentence | denotes | Subsequently large-scale culture of SARS-CoV-2 was quickly performed, and an inactivated virus vaccine could be prepared through the employment of established physical and chemical methods such as UV light, formaldehyde, and β-propiolactone8. |
T18 | 2270-2579 | Sentence | denotes | The development of attenuated-virus vaccines is also possible by carefully screening the serially propagated SARS-CoV-2 with reduced pathogenesis such as induced minimal lung injury, diminished limited neutrophil influx, and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine expressions compared with the wild-type virus9. |
T19 | 2580-2683 | Sentence | denotes | Both inactivated and attenuated virus vaccines have their own disadvantages and side effects (Table 1). |
T20 | 2684-2814 | Sentence | denotes | Alternatively, new vaccine designs based on the putative protective antigen/peptides derived from SARS-CoV-2 should be considered. |
T21 | 2815-2884 | Sentence | denotes | Table 1 Advantages and disadvantages of different vaccine strategies. |
T22 | 2885-2937 | Sentence | denotes | Vaccine strategy Advantages Disadvantages References |
T23 | 2938-3091 | Sentence | denotes | Inactivated virus vaccines Easy to prepare; safety; high-titer neutralizing antibodies Potential inappropriate for highly immunosuppressed individuals 25 |
T24 | 3092-3241 | Sentence | denotes | Attenuated virus vaccines Rapid development; induce high immune responses Phenotypic or genotypic reversion possible; can still cause some disease 25 |
T25 | 3242-3455 | Sentence | denotes | Subunit vaccines High safety; consistent production; can induce cellular and humoral immune responses; high-titer neutralizing antibodies High cost; lower immunogenicity; require repeated doses and adjuvants 12,14 |
T26 | 3456-3578 | Sentence | denotes | Viral vector vaccines Safety; induces high cellular and humoral immune responses Possibly present pre-existing immunity 12 |
T27 | 3579-3728 | Sentence | denotes | DNA vaccines Easier to design; high safety; high-titer neutralizing antibodies Lower immune responses in humans; repeated doses may cause toxicity 23 |
T28 | 3729-3870 | Sentence | denotes | mRNA vaccines Easier to design; high degree of adaptability; induce strong immune responses Highly unstable under physiological conditions 23 |
T29 | 3871-4143 | Sentence | denotes | Accumulated releases of SARS-CoV-2 genomes such as GenBank accession numbers MN908947.3, MN975262.1, NC_045512.2, MN997409.1, MN985325.1, MN988669.1, MN988668.1, MN994468.1, MN994467.1, MN988713.1, and MN938384.1 facilitate the development of virus-based subunit vaccines. |
T30 | 4144-4478 | Sentence | denotes | SARS-CoV-2, which is similar to SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), is an enveloped, single- and positive-stranded RNA virus with a genome comprising 29,891 nucleotides, which encode the 12 putative open reading frames responsible for the synthesis of viral structural and nonstructural proteins7,10. |
T31 | 4479-4599 | Sentence | denotes | A mature SARS-CoV-2 has four structural proteins, namely, envelope (E), membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N), and spike (S)10. |
T32 | 4600-4721 | Sentence | denotes | All these proteins may serve as antigens to stimulate neutralizing antibodies and increase CD4+/CD8+ T-cell responses8,9. |
T33 | 4722-4957 | Sentence | denotes | However, subunit vaccines require multiple booster shots and suitable adjuvants to work, and certain subunit vaccines such as hepatitis B surface antigen, PreS1, and PreS2 may fail to yield protective response when tested clinically11. |
T34 | 4958-5076 | Sentence | denotes | The DNA and mRNA vaccines that are easier to design and proceed into clinical trials very quickly remain experimental. |
T35 | 5077-5174 | Sentence | denotes | The viral vector-based vaccines could also be quickly constructed and used without an adjuvant12. |
T36 | 5175-5297 | Sentence | denotes | However, development of such vaccines might not start until antigens containing the neutralizing epitopes are identified8. |
T37 | 5298-5441 | Sentence | denotes | The E and M proteins have important functions in the viral assembly of a coronavirus, and the N protein is necessary for viral RNA synthesis13. |
T38 | 5442-5639 | Sentence | denotes | Deletion of E protein abrogated the virulence of CoVs, and several studies have explored the potential of recombinant SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV with a mutated E protein as live attenuated vaccines13,14. |
T39 | 5640-5959 | Sentence | denotes | The M protein can augment the immune response induced by N protein DNA vaccine against SARS-CoV;15 however, the conserved N protein across CoV families implies that it is not a suitable candidate for vaccine development, and the antibodies against the N protein of SARS-CoV-2 do not provide immunity to the infection16. |
T40 | 5960-6047 | Sentence | denotes | The critical glycoprotein S of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for virus binding and entry16. |
T41 | 6048-6161 | Sentence | denotes | The S precursor protein of SARS-CoV-2 can be proteolytically cleaved into S1 (685 aa) and S2 (588 aa) subunits10. |
T42 | 6162-6273 | Sentence | denotes | The S2 protein is well conserved among SARS-CoV-2 viruses and shares 99% identity with that of bat SARS-CoVs10. |
T43 | 6274-6401 | Sentence | denotes | The vaccine design based on the S2 protein may boost the broad-spectrum antiviral effect and is worth testing in animal models. |
T44 | 6402-6590 | Sentence | denotes | Antibodies against the conserved stem region of influenza hemagglutinin have been found to exhibit broadly cross-reactive immunity, but are less potent in neutralizing influenza A virus17. |
T45 | 6591-6781 | Sentence | denotes | In contrast, the S1 subunit consists of the receptor-binding domain (RBD), which mediates virus entry into sensitive cells through the host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor18. |
T46 | 6782-6865 | Sentence | denotes | The S1 protein of 2019-nCoV shares about 70% identity with that of human SARS-CoVs. |
T47 | 6866-7048 | Sentence | denotes | The highest number of variations of amino acids in the RBD is located in the external subdomain, which is responsible for the direct interaction between virus and host receptor10,18. |
T48 | 7049-7155 | Sentence | denotes | Blocking the initial entry of a virus is proposed as a successful strategy in controlling viral infection. |
T49 | 7156-7349 | Sentence | denotes | Based on SARS vaccine development, most vaccine candidates target the S protein, which induces neutralizing antibody responses and stimulates a protective cellular immunity against SARS-CoVs12. |
T50 | 7350-7524 | Sentence | denotes | Bukreyev et al.19 showed that immunization of African green monkeys with the full-length S protein of SARS-CoV protects monkeys from subsequent homologous SARS-CoV challenge. |
T51 | 7525-7672 | Sentence | denotes | Administration of SARS-CoV RBD proteins can also induce highly potent neutralizing antibodies and long-term protective immunity in animal models20. |
T52 | 7673-7874 | Sentence | denotes | Thus, the generation of antibodies targeting the S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 would be an important preventive and treatment strategy that can be tested further in suitable models before clinical trials10. |
T53 | 7875-8008 | Sentence | denotes | Vaccine delivery modality and immunization strategy are important issues to be considered for achieving effective antiviral immunity. |
T54 | 8009-8264 | Sentence | denotes | As a cause of respiratory tract infection and as demonstrated by the findings of SARS-CoV-2 in stools1,21, administration of vaccines by oral or aerosol routes will induce mucosal immune responses and are possible modes of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunization. |
T55 | 8265-8547 | Sentence | denotes | A safe DNA vector for preparation of DNA vaccines22, an attenuated virus strain for design of chimeric viral vaccines23, and engineered safe bacteria for production of membrane vesicle-vaccines24 could be explored for vaccine delivery and are worth investigating in the near future. |
T56 | 8548-8633 | Sentence | denotes | We can assume that virus-based vaccines should prove valuable in combatting COVID-19. |
T57 | 8634-8854 | Sentence | denotes | In addition to the entire virus particle-associated inactivated or attenuated viral vaccines, the subunit candidates, such as S1 protein and/or the RBD element of SARS-CoV-2, are also valuable targets for vaccine design. |
T58 | 8855-9147 | Sentence | denotes | Combining subunit vaccines with established or new adjuvants such as alum versus modern adjuvants such as the GSK AS series of adjuvants may represent a faster and safer strategy to move through early clinical development with the caveat that the protective efficacy may not be strong enough. |
T59 | 9148-9305 | Sentence | denotes | As a result, immunizing the subunit vaccines with proper delivery platforms and immunization strategies to enhance the immune responses should be considered. |
T60 | 9306-9466 | Sentence | denotes | We expect researchers who are racing against time will bring a new SARS-CoV-2-based vaccine from gene sequence to clinical testing in approximately 16–20 weeks. |
T61 | 9468-9603 | Sentence | denotes | Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
T62 | 9605-9621 | Sentence | denotes | Acknowledgements |
T63 | 9622-9801 | Sentence | denotes | This work was supported by the National Key Biosafety Technology Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC1200404-4), and the Biosafety Research Program of PLA (17SAZ08). |
T64 | 9803-9823 | Sentence | denotes | Author contributions |
T65 | 9824-9896 | Sentence | denotes | W.S. and Y.R. wrote the manuscript: Y.Y. and X.R. edited the manuscript. |
T66 | 9898-9917 | Sentence | denotes | Competing interests |
T67 | 9918-9961 | Sentence | denotes | The authors declare no competing interests. |