> top > docs > PMC:7060038 > spans > 10483-15382 > annotations

PMC:7060038 / 10483-15382 JSONTXT

Annnotations TAB JSON ListView MergeView

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
69 10-18 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
73 134-142 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
74 214-219 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
75 223-228 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
84 1370-1380 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
85 1017-1025 Disease denotes Infected MESH:D007239
86 1113-1118 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
87 1122-1127 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
88 1255-1260 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
89 1264-1269 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
90 1327-1332 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
91 1336-1341 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
95 1966-1974 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
96 2490-2498 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
97 2627-2635 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
105 2714-2722 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
106 2917-2922 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
107 2926-2931 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
108 2985-2990 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
109 3246-3254 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
110 3363-3371 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
111 3569-3577 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
114 4216-4223 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
115 4410-4418 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T21 10-18 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T22 1370-1378 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T23 4410-4418 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T40 44-47 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T41 394-406 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organization
T42 428-440 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organization
T43 1072-1073 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T44 1210-1211 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T45 2747-2748 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T46 3118-3119 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T47 3265-3268 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T48 3768-3769 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T49 4126-4127 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T50 4741-4742 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T51 4822-4823 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T5 214-219 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T6 223-228 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T7 1113-1118 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T8 1122-1127 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T9 1255-1260 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T10 1264-1269 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T11 1327-1332 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T12 1336-1341 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T13 2917-2922 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T14 2926-2931 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T15 2985-2990 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T56 0-28 Sentence denotes Model for COVID-19 screening
T57 29-306 Sentence denotes The core model has been described previously (Gostic et al., 2015), but to summarize briefly, it assumes infected travellers can be detained due to the presence of detectable symptoms (fever or cough), or due to self-reporting of exposure risk via questionnaires or interviews.
T58 307-449 Sentence denotes These assumptions are consistent with WHO traveller screening guidelines (World Health Organization, 2020b; World Health Organization, 2020c).
T59 450-744 Sentence denotes Upon screening, travellers fall into one of four categories: (1) symptomatic but not aware of exposure risk, (2) aware of exposure risk but without detectable symptoms, (3) symptomatic and aware that exposure may have occurred, and (4) neither symptomatic nor aware of exposure risk (Figure 1).
T60 745-932 Sentence denotes Travellers in the final category are fundamentally undetectable, and travellers in the second category are only detectable if aware that they have been exposed and willing to self report.
T61 933-942 Sentence denotes Figure 1.
T62 944-1016 Sentence denotes Model of traveller screening process, adapted from Gostic et al. (2015).
T63 1017-1550 Sentence denotes Infected travellers fall into one of five categories: (A) Cases aware of exposure risk and with fever or cough are detectable in both symptom screening and questionnaire-based risk screening. (B) Cases aware of exposure risk, but without fever or cough are only detectable using risk screening. (C) Cases with fever or cough, but unaware of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 are only detectable in symptom screening. (D–E) Subclinical cases who are unaware of exposure risk, and individuals that evade screening, are fundamentally undetectable.
T64 1551-1706 Sentence denotes In the model, screening for symptoms occurs prior to questionnaire-based screening for exposure risk, and detected cases do not progress to the next stage.
T65 1707-1828 Sentence denotes This allows us to track the fraction of cases detected using symptom screening or risk screening at arrival or departure.
T66 1829-2466 Sentence denotes Additionally, building on the four detectability classes explained above, the model keeps track of four ways in which screening can miss infected travellers: (1) due to imperfect sensitivity, symptom screening may fail to detect symptoms in travellers that display symptoms; (2) questionnaires may fail to detect exposure risk in travellers aware they have been exposed, owing to deliberate obfuscation or misunderstanding; (3) screening may fail to detect both symptoms and known exposure risk in travellers who have both and (4) travellers not exhibiting symptoms and with no knowledge of their exposure are fundamentally undetectable.
T67 2467-2534 Sentence denotes Here, we only consider infected travellers who submit to screening.
T68 2535-2689 Sentence denotes However, the supplementary app allows users to consider scenarios in which some fraction of infected travellers intentionally evade screening (Figure 1E).
T69 2690-3144 Sentence denotes The probability that an infected person is detectable in a screening program depends on: the incubation period (the time from exposure to onset of detectable symptoms); the proportion of subclinical cases (mild cases that lack fever or cough); the sensitivity of thermal scanners used to detect fever; the fraction of cases aware they have high exposure risk; and the fraction of those cases who would self-report truthfully on a screening questionnaire.
T70 3145-3305 Sentence denotes Further, the distribution of individual times since exposure affects the probability that any single infected traveller has progressed to the symptomatic stage.
T71 3306-3442 Sentence denotes If the source epidemic is still growing, the majority of infected cases will have been recently exposed, and will not yet show symptoms.
T72 3443-3663 Sentence denotes If the source epidemic is no longer growing (stable), times since exposure will be more evenly distributed, meaning that more infected travellers will have progressed through incubation and will show detectable symptoms.
T73 3664-3871 Sentence denotes We used methods described previously to estimate the distribution of individual times since exposure in a growing or stable epidemic, given various values of the reproductive number R0 (Gostic et al., 2015).
T74 3872-4068 Sentence denotes Briefly, early in the epidemic when the number of cases is still growing, the model draws on epidemiological theory to assume that the fraction of cases who are recently exposed increases with R0.
T75 4069-4429 Sentence denotes The distribution of times since exposure is truncated at a maximum value, which corresponds epidemiologically to the maximum time from exposure to patient isolation, after which point we assume cases will not attempt to travel. (Isolation may occur due to hospitalization, or due to confinement at home in response to escalating symptoms or COVID-19 diagnosis.
T76 4430-4697 Sentence denotes In the non-travel context, this would correspond to cases that have been hospitalized or otherwise diagnosed and isolated.) Here, we approximate the maximum time from exposure to isolation as the sum of the mean incubation time, and mean time from onset to isolation.
T77 4698-4899 Sentence denotes To consider the epidemiological context of a stable epidemic in the source population we assume times since exposure follow a uniform distribution across the time period between exposure and isolation.