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PMC:7048229 / 1314-12255 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T5 964-970 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T6 1242-1245 Body_part denotes IgM http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873
T7 1250-1253 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T8 1308-1315 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T9 1445-1453 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T10 1562-1579 Body_part denotes respiratory tract http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma265130
T11 2064-2069 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T12 2549-2559 Body_part denotes nucleotide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82740
T13 2852-2855 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T14 2868-2873 Body_part denotes Serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T15 3027-3030 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T16 3154-3157 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T17 3220-3223 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T18 3237-3240 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T19 3359-3363 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T20 3414-3417 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T21 3718-3721 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T22 3958-3961 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T23 3966-3969 Body_part denotes IgM http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873
T24 4054-4064 Body_part denotes amino acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T25 4125-4128 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T26 4303-4306 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T27 4333-4341 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T28 4459-4462 Body_part denotes IgM http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873
T29 4562-4565 Body_part denotes IgM http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873
T30 4884-4889 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T31 5077-5082 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T32 5349-5354 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T33 5377-5382 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T34 5476-5481 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T35 5538-5543 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T36 5570-5575 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T37 5614-5624 Body_part denotes nucleotide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82740
T38 5654-5659 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T39 5852-5857 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T40 5914-5919 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T41 6038-6043 Body_part denotes Serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T42 6734-6742 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T43 6753-6763 Body_part denotes nucleotide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82740
T44 6829-6832 Body_part denotes IgM http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873
T45 6837-6840 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T46 7126-7129 Body_part denotes IgM http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873
T47 7194-7197 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872
T48 8219-8227 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T49 8423-8428 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T50 9221-9226 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T51 9321-9331 Body_part denotes body fluid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma280556
T52 9536-9539 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T53 9641-9646 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T54 9739-9749 Body_part denotes intestinal http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199
T55 9880-9889 Body_part denotes intestine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199
T56 9988-9993 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T57 10588-10591 Body_part denotes IgM http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62873
T58 10596-10599 Body_part denotes IgG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62872

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T6 1562-1579 Body_part denotes respiratory tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065
T7 2064-2069 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T8 2714-2718 Body_part denotes tube http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000025
T9 2868-2873 Body_part denotes Serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977
T10 4884-4889 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T11 5077-5082 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T12 5349-5354 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T13 5377-5382 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977
T14 5476-5481 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T15 5538-5543 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977
T16 5570-5575 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977
T17 5654-5659 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T18 5852-5857 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T19 5914-5919 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T20 6032-6037 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T21 6038-6043 Body_part denotes Serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977
T22 8423-8428 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T23 9221-9226 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T24 9641-9646 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T25 9880-9889 Body_part denotes intestine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160
T26 9988-9993 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T6 153-161 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T7 174-207 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T8 221-225 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T9 263-267 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T10 682-691 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T11 741-756 Disease denotes viral pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006012
T12 747-756 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T13 911-915 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T14 983-991 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T15 1516-1524 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T16 1544-1553 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T17 2233-2243 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T18 4420-4422 Disease denotes OD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017178
T19 4742-4744 Disease denotes OD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017178
T20 7078-7087 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T21 9148-9163 Disease denotes viral pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006012
T22 9154-9163 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T23 9698-9706 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T24 9750-9759 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T25 9792-9801 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T26 10327-10336 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T27 10371-10380 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T28 10631-10640 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T16 132-133 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T17 134-139 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T18 535-540 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T19 541-544 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T20 821-826 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T21 863-875 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organization
T22 899-904 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T23 924-929 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T24 1057-1062 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes genes
T25 1278-1279 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T26 1317-1319 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008192 denotes NP
T27 1389-1391 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008192 denotes NP
T28 1753-1757 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001568 denotes a 24
T29 1877-1878 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T30 1963-1968 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T31 2012-2017 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes Human
T32 2064-2069 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T33 2064-2069 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T34 2714-2718 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000025 denotes tube
T35 3011-3014 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001387 denotes 4°C
T36 3359-3363 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T37 3570-3573 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007169 denotes l 2
T38 3570-3573 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007170 denotes l 2
T39 3863-3864 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T40 3929-3933 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T41 4016-4018 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008192 denotes NP
T42 4129-4133 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T43 4230-4232 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008192 denotes NP
T44 4234-4239 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes Human
T45 4255-4259 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001757 denotes at 1
T46 4297-4306 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053695 denotes Human IgG
T47 4392-4393 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T48 4463-4467 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T49 4556-4561 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T50 4577-4582 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes Human
T51 4598-4602 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001757 denotes at 1
T52 4657-4659 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008192 denotes NP
T53 4716-4717 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T54 4826-4830 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T55 4884-4889 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T56 4884-4889 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T57 4926-4927 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T58 5077-5082 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T59 5077-5082 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T60 5129-5133 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T61 5212-5217 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T62 5349-5354 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T63 5349-5354 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T64 5476-5481 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T65 5476-5481 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T66 5654-5659 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T67 5654-5659 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T68 5852-5857 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T69 5852-5857 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T70 5914-5919 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T71 5914-5919 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T72 6032-6037 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T73 6032-6037 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T74 6322-6324 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T75 6712-6718 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T76 7033-7034 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T77 7279-7280 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T78 7335-7339 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T79 7896-7901 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050040 denotes 8, 75
T80 7948-7951 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001382 denotes 4/8
T81 8002-8007 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T82 8150-8151 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T83 8423-8428 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T84 8423-8428 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T85 8738-8740 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T86 9052-9057 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T87 9185-9190 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T88 9221-9226 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T89 9221-9226 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T90 9321-9331 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006314 denotes body fluid
T91 9386-9390 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T92 9391-9392 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T93 9603-9608 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T94 9641-9646 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T95 9641-9646 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T96 9739-9749 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 denotes intestinal
T97 9739-9749 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834 denotes intestinal
T98 9867-9872 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T99 9880-9889 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 denotes intestine
T100 9880-9889 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834 denotes intestine
T101 9988-9993 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T102 9988-9993 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T103 10122-10123 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T104 10278-10279 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T105 10448-10449 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T106 10518-10523 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T107 10612-10616 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T108 10727-10728 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T109 10838-10843 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T110 10879-10880 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T111 10881-10886 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T3 1308-1315 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T4 1317-1319 Chemical denotes NP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53793|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73425
T7 1389-1391 Chemical denotes NP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53793|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73425
T10 1638-1645 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T11 2549-2559 Chemical denotes nucleotide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36976
T12 2841-2847 Chemical denotes buffer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35225
T13 3272-3278 Chemical denotes buffer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35225
T14 3465-3467 Chemical denotes II http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067
T15 3517-3519 Chemical denotes Co http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27638
T16 3709-3721 Chemical denotes template RNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33699
T17 4016-4018 Chemical denotes NP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53793|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73425
T20 4022-4029 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T21 4054-4064 Chemical denotes amino acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709
T22 4054-4059 Chemical denotes amino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882
T23 4060-4064 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T24 4230-4232 Chemical denotes NP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53793|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73425
T27 4356-4358 Chemical denotes Co http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27638
T28 4657-4659 Chemical denotes NP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53793|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73425
T31 4689-4691 Chemical denotes Co http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27638
T32 5614-5624 Chemical denotes nucleotide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36976
T33 6593-6598 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T34 6753-6763 Chemical denotes nucleotide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36976
T35 10887-10894 Chemical denotes carrier http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78059

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 2835-2840 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019835 denotes lysis

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T2 625-630 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T3 632-639 Phenotype denotes malaise http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012378
T4 641-660 Phenotype denotes shortness of breath http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098
T5 682-691 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T6 747-756 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T7 1544-1553 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T8 9154-9163 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T9 9980-9987 Phenotype denotes viremia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020071

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32065057-29500691-27758167 1349-1350 29500691 denotes 6
32065057-15654797-27758168 9805-9806 15654797 denotes 9

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T16 0-12 Sentence denotes Introduction
T17 13-131 Sentence denotes Coronaviruses (CoVs) belong to the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae in the family Coronaviridae and the order Nidovirales.
T18 132-244 Sentence denotes A human coronavirus (SARS-CoV) caused the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS) outbreak in 2003.
T19 245-373 Sentence denotes Most recently, an SARS-related CoV was implicated as the etiological agent responsible for the outbreak in Wuhan, central China.
T20 374-530 Sentence denotes This outbreak is estimated to have started on 12th December 2019 and 17,332 laboratory confirmed cases with 361 deaths as of 3rd February 2020 in China [1].
T21 531-603 Sentence denotes The virus has spread to 23 other countries by travellers from Wuhan [1].
T22 604-698 Sentence denotes Typical symptoms are fever, malaise, shortness of breath and in severe cases, pneumonia [2–4].
T23 699-757 Sentence denotes The disease was first called unidentified viral pneumonia.
T24 758-877 Sentence denotes We quickly identified the etiological agent, termed 2019-nCoV (virus name designated by the World Health Organization).
T25 878-996 Sentence denotes The newly identified virus is an SARS-related virus (SARSr-CoV) but shares only 74.5% genome identity to SARS-CoV [2].
T26 997-1063 Sentence denotes We developed molecular detection tools based on viral spike genes.
T27 1064-1214 Sentence denotes Our previous studies indicate that qPCR method can be used for the detection of 2019-nCoV in oral swabs or in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) [5].
T28 1215-1392 Sentence denotes Additionally, we developed IgM and IgG detection methods using a cross-reactive nucleocapsid protein (NP) from another SARSr-CoV Rp3 [6], which is 92% identical to 2019-nCoV NP.
T29 1393-1510 Sentence denotes Using these serological tools, we demonstrate viral antibody titres increase in patients infected with 2019-nCoV [5].
T30 1511-1604 Sentence denotes Like SARS-CoV, 2019-nCoV induced pneumonia through respiratory tract by clinical observation.
T31 1605-1705 Sentence denotes Therefore, the presence of viral antigen in oral swabs was used as detection standard for 2019-nCoV.
T32 1706-1826 Sentence denotes Similarly, two times of oral swabs negative in a 24-h interval was considered as viral clearance by patients officially.
T33 1827-1969 Sentence denotes Here we launched an investigation of 2019-nCoV in a Wuhan hospital, aiming to investigate the other possible transmission route of this virus.
T34 1971-1992 Sentence denotes Materials and methods
T35 1994-2011 Sentence denotes Sample collection
T36 2012-2253 Sentence denotes Human samples, including oral swabs, anal swabs and blood samples were collected by Wuhan pulmonary hospital with the consent from all patients and approved by the ethics committee of the designated hospital for emerging infectious diseases.
T37 2254-2288 Sentence denotes Two investigations were performed.
T38 2289-2393 Sentence denotes In the first investigation, we collected samples from 39 patients, 7 of which were in severe conditions.
T39 2394-2509 Sentence denotes In the second investigation, we collected samples from 139 patients, yet their clinical records were not available.
T40 2510-2579 Sentence denotes We only showed patients who were viral nucleotide detection positive.
T41 2580-2658 Sentence denotes Patients were sampled without gender or age preference unless where indicated.
T42 2659-2719 Sentence denotes For swabs, 1.5 ml DMEM+2% FBS medium was added in each tube.
T43 2720-2797 Sentence denotes Supernatant was collected after 2500 rpm, 60 s vortex and 15–30 min standing.
T44 2798-2867 Sentence denotes Supernatant from swabs were added to lysis buffer for RNA extraction.
T45 2868-3025 Sentence denotes Serum was separated by centrifugation at 3000 g for 15 min within 24 h of collection, followed by 56°C 30 min inactivation, and then stored at 4°C until use.
T46 3027-3053 Sentence denotes RNA extraction and qRT-PCR
T47 3054-3153 Sentence denotes Whenever commercial kits were used, manufacturer’s instructions were followed without modification.
T48 3154-3236 Sentence denotes RNA was extracted from 200 μl of samples with the High Pure Viral RNA Kit (Roche).
T49 3237-3315 Sentence denotes RNA was eluted in 50 μl of elution buffer and used as the template for RT–PCR.
T50 3316-3403 Sentence denotes QPCR detection method based on 2019-nCoV S gene can be found in the previous study [5].
T51 3404-3527 Sentence denotes In brief, RNA extracted from above used in qPCR by HiScript® II One Step qRT-PCR SYBR® Green Kit (Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd).
T52 3528-3722 Sentence denotes The 20 μl qPCR reaction mix contained 10 μl 2× One Step SYBR Green Mix, 1 μl One Step SYBR Green Enzyme Mix, 0.4 μl 50 × ROX Reference Dye 1, 0.4 μl of each primer (10 μM) and 2 μl template RNA.
T53 3723-3762 Sentence denotes Amplification was performed as follows:
T54 3763-3915 Sentence denotes 50°C for 3 min, 95°C for 30 s followed by 40 cycles consisting of 95°C for 10 s, 60°C for 30 s, and a default melting curve step in an ABI 7500 machine.
T55 3917-3933 Sentence denotes Serological test
T56 3934-4120 Sentence denotes In-house anti-SARSr-CoV IgG and IgM ELISA kits were developed using SARSr-CoV Rp3 NP as antigen, which shared above 90% amino acid identity to all SARSr-CoVs, as reported previously [5].
T57 4121-4233 Sentence denotes For IgG test, MaxiSorp Nunc-immuno 96 well ELISA plates were coated (100 ng/well) overnight with recombinant NP.
T58 4234-4288 Sentence denotes Human sera were used at 1:20 dilution for 1 h at 37°C.
T59 4289-4415 Sentence denotes An anti-Human IgG-HRP conjugated monoclonal antibody (Kyab Biotech Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China) was used at a dilution of 1:40,000.
T60 4416-4454 Sentence denotes The OD value (450–630) was calculated.
T61 4455-4576 Sentence denotes For IgM test, MaxiSorp Nunc-immuno 96 wellELISA plates were coated (500 ng/well) overnight with anti-human IgM (µ chain).
T62 4577-4737 Sentence denotes Human sera were used at 1:100 dilution for 40 min at 37°C, followed by anti-Rp3 NP-HRP conjugated (Kyab Biotech Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China) at a dilution of 1:4000.
T63 4738-4776 Sentence denotes The OD value (450–630) was calculated.
T64 4778-4785 Sentence denotes Results
T65 4786-4912 Sentence denotes In the first investigation, we aimed to test whether viral positive can be found in anal swab and blood as well as oral swabs.
T66 4913-5063 Sentence denotes We conducted a molecular investigation to patients in Wuhan pulmonary hospital, who were detected as oral swabs positive for 2019-nCoV upon admission.
T67 5064-5174 Sentence denotes We collected blood, oral swabs and anal swabs for 2019-nCoV qPCR test using previously established method [5].
T68 5175-5255 Sentence denotes We found 15 patients who still carry virus following days of medical treatments.
T69 5256-5399 Sentence denotes Of these patients, 8 were oral swabs positive (53.3%), 4 were anal swabs positive (26.7%), 6 blood positives (40%) and 3 serum positives (20%).
T70 5400-5515 Sentence denotes Two patients were positive by both oral swab and anal swab, yet none of the blood positive was also swabs positive.
T71 5516-5595 Sentence denotes Not surprisingly, all serum positives were also whole serum positive (Table 1).
T72 5596-5704 Sentence denotes In summary, viral nucleotide can be found in anal swab or blood even if it cannot be detected in oral swabs.
T73 5705-5796 Sentence denotes It should be noted that although swabs may be negative, the patient might still be viremic.
T74 5797-5805 Sentence denotes Table 1.
T75 5806-5858 Sentence denotes Molecular detection of 2019-nCoV in swabs and blood.
T76 5859-5920 Sentence denotes Samples were from oral swabs (OS), anal swabs (AS) and blood.
T77 5921-5955 Sentence denotes Data were shown as qPCR Ct values.
T78 5956-6017 Sentence denotes Patients in severe condition during investigation were shown.
T79 6018-6058 Sentence denotes   OS AS Whole blood Serum Severe disease
T80 6059-6082 Sentence denotes Patient 1 33.5       No
T81 6083-6110 Sentence denotes Patient 2     30.3 24.3 Yes
T82 6111-6134 Sentence denotes Patient 3 30.3       No
T83 6135-6158 Sentence denotes Patient 4     32.1   No
T84 6159-6182 Sentence denotes Patient 5   33.1     No
T85 6183-6206 Sentence denotes Patient 6     30.6   No
T86 6207-6233 Sentence denotes Patient 7 32.7 30.2     No
T87 6234-6257 Sentence denotes Patient 8   33.1     No
T88 6258-6284 Sentence denotes Patient 9     31.4 34.5 No
T89 6285-6313 Sentence denotes Patient 10     30.9 33.0 Yes
T90 6314-6338 Sentence denotes Patient 11 27.3       No
T91 6339-6364 Sentence denotes Patient 12 34.4       Yes
T92 6365-6392 Sentence denotes Patient 13 32.9 33.6     No
T93 6393-6417 Sentence denotes Patient 14 32.3       No
T94 6418-6442 Sentence denotes Patient 15     31.6   No
T95 6443-6611 Sentence denotes We then did another investigation to find out the dynamic changes of viral presence in two consecutive studies in both oral and anal swabs in another group of patients.
T96 6612-6708 Sentence denotes The target patients were those who received around 10 days of medical treatments upon admission.
T97 6709-6808 Sentence denotes We tested for both viral antibody and viral nucleotide levels by previously established method [5].
T98 6809-6921 Sentence denotes We showed that both IgM and IgG titres were relatively low or undetectable in day 0 (the day of first sampling).
T99 6922-7125 Sentence denotes On day 5, an increase of viral antibodies can be seen in nearly all patients, which was normally considered as a transition from earlier to later period of infection (Figure 1 and supplementary table 1).
T100 7126-7255 Sentence denotes IgM positive rate increased from 50% (8/16) to 81% (13/16), whereas IgG positive rate increased from 81% (13/16) to 100% (16/16).
T101 7256-7348 Sentence denotes This is in contrast to a relatively low detection positive rate from molecular test (below).
T102 7349-7358 Sentence denotes Figure 1.
T103 7359-7394 Sentence denotes Serological detection of 2019-nCoV.
T104 7395-7482 Sentence denotes Dashed line indicates cutoff, which was determined based on data from healthy controls.
T105 7483-7596 Sentence denotes For molecular detection, we found 8 oral swabs positive (50%) and 4 anal swabs (25%) in these 16 people on day 0.
T106 7597-7661 Sentence denotes On day 5, we were only able to find 4 oral swabs positive (25%).
T107 7662-7714 Sentence denotes In contrast, we found 6 anal swabs positive (37.5%).
T108 7715-7830 Sentence denotes When counting all swab positives together, we found most of the positives came from oral swab (8/10, 80%) on day 0.
T109 7831-7878 Sentence denotes However, this trend appears to change on day 5.
T110 7879-7958 Sentence denotes We found more (6/8, 75%) anal swab positive than oral swab positive (4/8, 50%).
T111 7959-8058 Sentence denotes Another observation is the reoccurrence of virus in 6 patients who were detected negative on day 0.
T112 8059-8128 Sentence denotes Of note, 4 of these 6 viral positives were from anal swabs (Table 2).
T113 8129-8291 Sentence denotes These data suggested a shift from more oral positive during early period (as indicated by antibody titres) to more anal positive during later period might happen.
T114 8292-8300 Sentence denotes Table 2.
T115 8301-8367 Sentence denotes Molecular detection of 2019-nCoV in swabs from two investigations.
T116 8368-8429 Sentence denotes Samples were from oral swabs (OS), anal swabs (AS) and blood.
T117 8430-8464 Sentence denotes Data were shown as qPCR Ct values.
T118 8465-8506 Sentence denotes   Date 0-OS Date 0-AS Date 5-OS Date 5-AS
T119 8507-8527 Sentence denotes Patient 1     23.2  
T120 8528-8548 Sentence denotes Patient 2 30.3      
T121 8549-8569 Sentence denotes Patient 3   19.5    
T122 8570-8593 Sentence denotes Patient 4 32.7 30.2    
T123 8594-8614 Sentence denotes Patient 5   33.1    
T124 8615-8641 Sentence denotes Patient 6 31.1   30.0 31.4
T125 8642-8662 Sentence denotes Patient 7 27.3      
T126 8663-8683 Sentence denotes Patient 8     27.0  
T127 8684-8707 Sentence denotes Patient 9 32.9 33.6    
T128 8708-8729 Sentence denotes Patient 10       23.8
T129 8730-8751 Sentence denotes Patient 11 31.9      
T130 8752-8773 Sentence denotes Patient 12 32.3      
T131 8774-8795 Sentence denotes Patient 13       17.8
T132 8796-8817 Sentence denotes Patient 14       25.5
T133 8818-8839 Sentence denotes Patient 15       30.0
T134 8840-8867 Sentence denotes Patient 16 33.8   26.9 27.5
T135 8869-8879 Sentence denotes Discussion
T136 8880-8993 Sentence denotes Within 1 month of the 2019-nCoV disease outbreak, we rapidly developed molecular and serological detection tools.
T137 8994-9168 Sentence denotes This is the first molecular and serological study on this virus after the initial identification of 2019-NCoV from 7 patients diagnosed with unidentified viral pneumonia [5].
T138 9169-9339 Sentence denotes We detected the virus in oral swabs, anal swabs and blood, thus infected patients can potentially shed this pathogen through respiratory, fecal–oral or body fluid routes.
T139 9340-9474 Sentence denotes In addition, we successfully applied serology test a large population and showed which could greatly improved detection positive rate.
T140 9475-9598 Sentence denotes We show that the current strategy for the detection of viral RNA in oral swabs used for 2019-nCoV diagnosis is not perfect.
T141 9599-9694 Sentence denotes The virus may be present in anal swabs or blood of patients when oral swabs detection negative.
T142 9695-9808 Sentence denotes In SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infected patients, intestinal infection was observed at later stages of infection [7–9].
T143 9809-9928 Sentence denotes However, patients infected with 2019-nCoV may harbour the virus in the intestine at the early or late stage of disease.
T144 9929-10013 Sentence denotes It is also worth to note none of the patients with viremia blood had positive swabs.
T145 10014-10147 Sentence denotes These patients would likely be considered as 2019-nCoV negative through routine surveillance, and thus pose a threat to other people.
T146 10148-10277 Sentence denotes In contrast, we found viral antibodies in near all patients, indicating serology should be considered for 2019-nCoV epidemiology.
T147 10278-10397 Sentence denotes A possible shift from oral positive during early infection to anal swab positive during late infection can be observed.
T148 10398-10544 Sentence denotes This observation implied that we cannot discharge a patient purely based on oral swabs negative, who may still shed the virus by oral–fecal route.
T149 10545-10703 Sentence denotes Above all, we strongly suggest using viral IgM and IgG serological test to confirm an infection, considering the unreliable results from oral swabs detection.
T150 10704-10806 Sentence denotes In summary, we provide a cautionary warning that 2019-nCoV may be transmitted through multiple routes.
T151 10807-10895 Sentence denotes Both molecular and serological tests are needed to definitively confirm a virus carrier.
T152 10897-10919 Sentence denotes Supplementary Material
T153 10920-10941 Sentence denotes Supplemental Material

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
129 4002-4011 Species denotes SARSr-CoV Tax:694009
130 4087-4091 Species denotes CoVs Tax:11118
131 4234-4239 Species denotes Human Tax:9606
132 4577-4582 Species denotes Human Tax:9606
133 3948-3957 Species denotes SARSr-CoV Tax:694009
134 4297-4302 Species denotes Human Tax:9606
135 4556-4561 Species denotes human Tax:9606
139 4955-4963 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
140 5038-5047 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
141 5114-5123 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
157 6059-6066 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
158 6083-6090 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
44 13-26 Species denotes Coronaviruses Tax:11118
45 28-32 Species denotes CoVs Tax:11118
46 91-104 Species denotes Coronaviridae Tax:11118
47 134-157 Species denotes human coronavirus (SARS Tax:694009
48 158-161 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
49 174-219 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Tax:694009
50 263-279 Species denotes SARS-related CoV Tax:694009
51 221-225 Species denotes SARS Tax:694009
52 486-492 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
53 625-630 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
54 632-639 Disease denotes malaise MESH:D005221
55 641-660 Disease denotes shortness of breath MESH:D004417
56 682-691 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
57 741-756 Disease denotes viral pneumonia
69 1344-1347 Gene denotes Rp3 Gene:6103
70 810-819 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
71 911-929 Species denotes SARS-related virus Tax:694009
72 931-940 Species denotes SARSr-CoV Tax:694009
73 983-991 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
74 1144-1153 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
75 1334-1343 Species denotes SARSr-CoV Tax:694009
76 1379-1388 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
77 1473-1481 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
78 1496-1505 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
79 1482-1490 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
86 1516-1524 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
87 1526-1535 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
88 1695-1704 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
89 1806-1814 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
90 1864-1873 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
91 1544-1553 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
100 2012-2017 Species denotes Human Tax:9606
101 2147-2155 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
102 2346-2354 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
103 2453-2461 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
104 2525-2533 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
105 2580-2588 Species denotes Patients Tax:9606
106 2677-2681 Chemical denotes DMEM
107 2233-2252 Disease denotes infectious diseases MESH:D003141
113 3595-3598 Gene denotes Mix Gene:83881
114 3649-3652 Gene denotes ROX Gene:4335
115 3632-3635 Gene denotes Mix Gene:83881
116 3552-3555 Gene denotes mix Gene:83881
117 3347-3356 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
127 4653-4656 Gene denotes Rp3 Gene:6103
128 4012-4015 Gene denotes Rp3 Gene:6103
159 6111-6118 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
160 6135-6142 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
161 6159-6166 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
162 6183-6190 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
163 6207-6214 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
164 6234-6241 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
165 6258-6265 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
166 6285-6292 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
167 6314-6321 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
168 6339-6346 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
169 6365-6372 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
170 6393-6400 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
171 6418-6425 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
174 5829-5838 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
175 5956-5964 Species denotes Patients Tax:9606
180 5187-5195 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
181 5265-5273 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
182 5404-5412 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
183 5765-5772 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
185 7384-7393 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
190 6602-6610 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
191 6623-6631 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
192 6990-6998 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
193 7078-7087 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
210 8507-8514 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
211 8528-8535 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
212 8549-8556 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
213 8570-8577 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
214 8594-8601 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
215 8615-8622 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
216 8642-8649 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
217 8663-8670 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
218 8684-8691 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
219 8708-8715 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
220 8730-8737 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
221 8752-8759 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
222 8774-8781 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
223 8796-8803 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
224 8818-8825 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
225 8840-8847 Species denotes Patient Tax:9606
227 8324-8333 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
230 7580-7586 Species denotes people Tax:9606
231 8013-8021 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
238 9094-9103 Species denotes 2019-NCoV Tax:2697049
239 9111-9119 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
240 9242-9250 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
241 8902-8919 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV disease MESH:C000657245
242 9148-9163 Disease denotes viral pneumonia
243 9233-9241 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
265 9563-9572 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
266 9650-9658 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
267 9698-9706 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
268 9729-9737 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
269 9818-9826 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
270 9841-9850 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
271 9966-9974 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
272 10020-10028 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
273 10059-10068 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
274 10140-10146 Species denotes people Tax:9606
275 10199-10207 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
276 10254-10263 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
277 10450-10457 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
278 9711-9728 Disease denotes MERS-CoV infected MESH:D018352
279 9739-9759 Disease denotes intestinal infection MESH:D007239
280 9792-9801 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
281 9827-9835 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
282 9980-9987 Disease denotes viremia MESH:D014766
283 10327-10336 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
284 10366-10380 Disease denotes late infection MESH:D007239
285 10631-10640 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
287 10753-10762 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049

MyTest

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32065057-29500691-27758167 1349-1350 29500691 denotes 6
32065057-15654797-27758168 9805-9806 15654797 denotes 9