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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
18 158-166 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
2 9-26 Species denotes novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
3 44-52 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
5 62-70 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
14 168-178 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
15 343-355 Species denotes corona virus Tax:11118
16 488-498 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
17 550-558 Species denotes SARS CoV Tax:694009
19 198-202 Disease denotes SARS MESH:D045169
20 273-277 Disease denotes SARS MESH:D045169
21 282-286 Disease denotes MERS MESH:D018352
27 749-758 Species denotes mammalian Tax:9606
28 822-828 Species denotes mammal Tax:9606
29 877-888 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
30 960-970 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
31 1081-1087 Species denotes mammal Tax:9606
52 1443-1451 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
53 1580-1588 Species denotes children Tax:9606
54 1727-1735 Species denotes children Tax:9606
55 1751-1755 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
56 1766-1771 Species denotes women Tax:9606
57 1114-1122 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
58 1127-1132 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
59 1134-1143 Disease denotes dry cough MESH:D003371
60 1145-1152 Disease denotes fatigue MESH:D005221
61 1172-1183 Disease denotes sore throat MESH:D010608
62 1188-1197 Disease denotes diarrhoea MESH:D003967
63 1414-1422 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
64 2069-2077 Disease denotes diabetes MESH:D003920
65 2087-2106 Disease denotes respiratory disease MESH:D012140
66 2108-2120 Disease denotes hypertension MESH:D006973
67 2126-2132 Disease denotes cancer MESH:D009369
68 2147-2152 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
69 2156-2175 Disease denotes respiratory failure MESH:D012131
70 2177-2182 Disease denotes shock MESH:D012769
71 2186-2208 Disease denotes multiple organ failure MESH:D009102
74 2228-2234 Species denotes people Tax:9606
75 2219-2227 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
78 2449-2455 Chemical denotes oxygen MESH:D010100
79 2742-2748 Chemical denotes oxygen MESH:D010100
81 3287-3295 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
87 3868-3874 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
88 3967-3972 Species denotes human Tax:9606
89 3976-3981 Species denotes human Tax:9606
90 4342-4350 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
91 4154-4163 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
95 4695-4703 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
96 4752-4760 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
97 4543-4552 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
104 5940-5948 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
105 6239-6246 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
106 5886-5890 Disease denotes SARS MESH:D045169
107 6014-6023 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
108 6252-6261 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
109 6312-6317 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
112 6454-6458 Disease denotes SARS MESH:D045169
113 6547-6555 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
115 9101-9106 Species denotes human Tax:9606
121 9371-9381 Chemical denotes nucleoside MESH:D009705
122 9396-9406 Chemical denotes remdesivir MESH:C000606551
123 9408-9417 Chemical denotes ribavirin MESH:D012254
124 9450-9469 Chemical denotes lopinavir/ritonavir MESH:C558899
125 9539-9550 Chemical denotes chloroquine MESH:D002738
129 10140-10159 Disease denotes Infectious Diseases MESH:D003141
130 10228-10237 Disease denotes Infection MESH:D007239
131 10375-10393 Disease denotes Infectious Disease MESH:D003141

LitCovid-PMC-OGER-BB

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T90 2387-2400 CHEBI:52217;CHEBI:52217 denotes pharmacologic
T89 2585-2596 UBERON:0001004 denotes respiratory
T88 3172-3181 CHEBI:35718;CHEBI:35718 denotes Antiviral
T87 3182-3187 CHEBI:36044;CHEBI:36044 denotes drugs
T83 136-141 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes virus
T82 158-166 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T81 168-178 SP_7 denotes SARS-CoV-2
T80 190-197 NCBITaxon:species denotes species
T79 198-202 SP_10 denotes SARS
T78 208-214 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes corona
T77 215-222 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viruses
T76 273-277 SP_10;NCBITaxon:10633 denotes SARS
T75 282-286 SP_9;NCBITaxon:8088 denotes MERS
T74 287-294 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viruses
T73 339-342 SP_2 denotes bat
T72 343-349 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes corona
T71 350-355 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes virus
T70 398-403 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes virus
T69 429-440 SP_2;NCBITaxon:7729 denotes Rhinolophus
T68 441-444 SP_2 denotes bat
T67 460-470 SO:0000853 denotes homologous
T66 488-498 SP_7 denotes SARS-CoV-2
T65 499-504 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes virus
T64 521-531 SO:0000853 denotes homologous
T63 550-558 SP_10 denotes SARS CoV
T62 583-587 SO:0000704 denotes gene
T61 689-696 NCBITaxon:species denotes species
T60 749-758 NCBITaxon:40674 denotes mammalian
T59 783-792 SP_1 denotes Pangolins
T58 811-814 NCBITaxon:6101 denotes ant
T57 815-821 GO:0007631 denotes eating
T56 822-828 NCBITaxon:40674 denotes mammal
T55 877-888 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes coronavirus
T54 898-906 SO:0000853 denotes homology
T53 932-938 SO:0000417 denotes domain
T52 960-970 SP_7 denotes SARS-CoV-2
T51 1032-1040 SP_1 denotes pangolin
T50 1081-1087 NCBITaxon:40674 denotes mammal
T49 1114-1122 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T48 1138-1143 UBERON:0002048 denotes cough
T47 1154-1159 UBERON:0000004 denotes nasal
T46 1177-1183 UBERON:0000341 denotes throat
T45 1414-1422 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T44 1572-1578 UBERON:0007023 denotes adults
T43 1757-1765 GO:0007565 denotes pregnant
T42 2053-2067 UBERON:0004535 denotes cardiovascular
T41 2087-2098 UBERON:0001004 denotes respiratory
T40 2147-2152 GO:0016265 denotes death
T39 2156-2167 UBERON:0001004 denotes respiratory
T38 2195-2200 UBERON:0000062 denotes organ
T104 3913-3919 UBERON:0002405 denotes immune
T103 3967-3972 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T102 3976-3981 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T101 4179-4186 GO:0065007 denotes control
T100 4567-4572 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes virus
T99 4875-4889 UBERON:0000467 denotes health systems
T142 9360-9369 CHEBI:35222;CHEBI:35222 denotes inhibitor
T141 9371-9381 CHEBI:60783;CHEBI:60783 denotes nucleoside
T140 9396-9406 DG_28 denotes remdesivir
T139 9408-9417 DG_29 denotes ribavirin
T138 9450-9459 DG_23;CHEBI:31781;CHEBI:31781 denotes lopinavir
T137 9460-9469 DG_30 denotes ritonavir
T136 9539-9550 CHEBI:3638;DG_10;CHEBI:3638 denotes chloroquine
T135 9572-9587 CHEBI:50858;CHEBI:50858 denotes Corticosteroids
T134 9622-9628 UBERON:0002405 denotes immune
T133 9638-9642 UBERON:0002048 denotes lung
T132 9764-9770 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes corona
T131 9771-9778 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viruses
T124 5751-5757 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes person
T123 5761-5767 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes person
T122 5886-5890 SP_10 denotes SARS
T121 6024-6031 GO:0065007 denotes control
T120 6173-6180 GO:0065007 denotes control
T119 6239-6246 NCBITaxon:1 denotes persons
T118 6454-6458 SP_10 denotes SARS
T117 6547-6555 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T116 6639-6650 UBERON:0001004 denotes respiratory
T115 6794-6799 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes virus
T106 3845-3850 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes virus
T105 3868-3874 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes humans
T145 9083-9097 BV_15 denotes immunogenicity
T144 9101-9106 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T143 9200-9220 CHEBI:52217;CHEBI:52217 denotes pharmaceutical agent
T3 44-52 SP_7 denotes COVID-19
T4 15-26 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes coronavirus

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 583-587 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T2 1177-1183 Body_part denotes throat http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma228738
T3 2195-2200 Body_part denotes organ http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67498
T4 4059-4063 Body_part denotes face http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728
T5 4067-4071 Body_part denotes face http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728
T6 8102-8106 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T7 9352-9359 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T8 9555-9570 Body_part denotes immunoglobulins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T9 9638-9642 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T10 10116-10120 Body_part denotes Head http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7154

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 1177-1183 Body_part denotes throat http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000341
T2 2195-2200 Body_part denotes organ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062
T3 4059-4063 Body_part denotes face http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456
T4 4067-4071 Body_part denotes face http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456
T5 8102-8106 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T6 9638-9642 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T7 10116-10120 Body_part denotes Head http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000033

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 44-52 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T2 62-70 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T3 158-166 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T4 168-176 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T5 198-202 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T6 262-271 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T7 273-277 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T8 488-496 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T9 550-554 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T10 960-968 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T11 1114-1122 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T12 1172-1183 Disease denotes sore throat http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002258
T13 1188-1197 Disease denotes diarrhoea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T14 1414-1422 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T15 2069-2077 Disease denotes diabetes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015
T16 2087-2106 Disease denotes respiratory disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005087
T17 2108-2120 Disease denotes hypertension http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005044
T18 2126-2132 Disease denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004992
T19 2156-2175 Disease denotes respiratory failure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021113
T20 2186-2208 Disease denotes multiple organ failure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0043726
T21 4154-4163 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T22 5886-5890 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T23 6014-6023 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T24 6252-6261 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T25 6439-6448 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T26 6454-6458 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T27 6547-6555 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T28 9979-9981 Disease denotes DF http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005502|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006717
T30 10110-10112 Disease denotes DF http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005502|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006717
T32 10140-10150 Disease denotes Infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T33 10228-10237 Disease denotes Infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T34 10375-10385 Disease denotes Infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T35 10467-10469 Disease denotes he http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017319
T36 10617-10622 Disease denotes polio http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017373

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 2-3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T2 136-141 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T3 215-222 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T4 287-294 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T5 319-320 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T6 337-338 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T7 339-342 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T8 350-355 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T9 396-397 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T10 398-403 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T11 441-444 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T12 499-504 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T13 583-587 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T14 653-656 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T15 678-679 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T16 811-821 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9349 denotes ant-eating
T17 875-876 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T18 913-914 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T19 986-989 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T20 1278-1281 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000990 denotes CDC
T21 1951-1952 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T22 2195-2200 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003103 denotes organ
T23 2687-2688 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T24 2875-2883 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes Membrane
T25 3048-3054 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T26 3199-3200 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T27 3299-3300 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T28 3614-3615 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T29 3792-3804 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organization
T30 3837-3838 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T31 3845-3850 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T32 3868-3874 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T33 3967-3972 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T34 3976-3981 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T35 4059-4063 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes face
T36 4067-4071 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes face
T37 4297-4298 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T38 4380-4383 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001343 denotes aim
T39 4541-4542 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T40 4567-4572 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T41 4613-4614 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T42 5238-5239 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T43 6339-6345 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T44 6794-6799 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T45 6808-6809 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T46 6892-6896 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 4, 5
T47 7245-7258 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes organisations
T48 7414-7415 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T49 7856-7864 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T50 7888-7898 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T51 8216-8219 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T52 8258-8259 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T53 8307-8308 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T54 8441-8442 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T55 8498-8499 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T56 9036-9037 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T57 9101-9106 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T58 9344-9345 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T59 9638-9642 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T60 9638-9642 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T61 9771-9778 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T62 9979-9981 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002755 denotes DF
T63 10110-10112 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002755 denotes DF
T64 10116-10120 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000033 denotes Head
T65 10116-10120 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000964 denotes Head
T66 10491-10505 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organisation’s

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 208-214 Chemical denotes corona http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37409
T2 343-349 Chemical denotes corona http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37409
T3 2449-2455 Chemical denotes oxygen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25805
T4 2742-2748 Chemical denotes oxygen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25805
T5 3182-3187 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T6 9200-9214 Chemical denotes pharmaceutical http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52217
T7 9319-9329 Chemical denotes antivirals http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T8 9352-9359 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T9 9360-9369 Chemical denotes inhibitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222
T10 9371-9391 Chemical denotes nucleoside analogues http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60783
T11 9371-9381 Chemical denotes nucleoside http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33838
T12 9396-9406 Chemical denotes remdesivir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145994
T13 9408-9417 Chemical denotes ribavirin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63580
T14 9422-9441 Chemical denotes protease inhibitors http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37670|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60258
T16 9431-9441 Chemical denotes inhibitors http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222
T17 9450-9469 Chemical denotes lopinavir/ritonavir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145924
T18 9450-9459 Chemical denotes lopinavir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31781
T19 9460-9469 Chemical denotes ritonavir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45409
T20 9527-9537 Chemical denotes interferon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999
T21 9539-9550 Chemical denotes chloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T22 9764-9770 Chemical denotes corona http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37409
T23 9979-9981 Chemical denotes DF http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73830
T24 10110-10112 Chemical denotes DF http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73830

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 815-821 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007631 denotes eating

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 1127-1132 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T2 1134-1143 Phenotype denotes dry cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031246
T3 1145-1152 Phenotype denotes fatigue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012378
T4 1154-1170 Phenotype denotes nasal congestion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001742
T5 1172-1183 Phenotype denotes sore throat http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033050
T6 1188-1197 Phenotype denotes diarrhoea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T7 2108-2120 Phenotype denotes hypertension http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000822
T8 2126-2132 Phenotype denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664
T9 2156-2175 Phenotype denotes respiratory failure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002878
T10 2177-2182 Phenotype denotes shock http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031273
T11 6312-6317 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-4 Sentence denotes Q&A:
T2 5-52 Sentence denotes The novel coronavirus outbreak causing COVID-19
T3 54-131 Sentence denotes What is COVID-19, and what do we know so far about its clinical presentation?
T4 132-223 Sentence denotes The virus responsible for COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, is in the species SARS-like corona viruses.
T5 224-295 Sentence denotes At 125 nm, it is slightly larger than influenza, SARS and MERS viruses.
T6 296-380 Sentence denotes It is almost certainly a descendant from a bat corona virus of which there are many.
T7 381-505 Sentence denotes The closest is a virus that originated from the Rhinolophus bat which is > 96% homologous with the current SARS-CoV-2 virus.
T8 506-563 Sentence denotes It is only 79% homologous with the original SARS CoV [1].
T9 564-971 Sentence denotes The near identical gene sequences of 90 analysed cases from outside of China suggests it has likely emerged after a solitary species jump in early December 2019 from an unknown (likely mammalian) intermediate host [2]. Pangolins are an endangered ant-eating mammal from which scientists in Guangzhou have shown a coronavirus with 99% homology, with a receptor binding domain identical to that of SARS-CoV-2.
T10 972-1097 Sentence denotes However, this has not been confirmed, and, in addition, the pangolin's rarity means this may not be the only mammal involved.
T11 1098-1198 Sentence denotes The symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, dry cough, fatigue, nasal congestion, sore throat and diarrhoea.
T12 1199-1388 Sentence denotes On February 14th, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) published the first details of 44,672 confirmed cases, in the biggest study since the outbreak began [3].
T13 1389-1498 Sentence denotes Their findings show that COVID-19 was mild for 81% of patients and had an overall case fatality rate of 2.3%.
T14 1499-1559 Sentence denotes Of those confirmed cases, only 2.2% were under 20 years old.
T15 1560-1642 Sentence denotes Compared to adults, children generally present with much milder clinical symptoms.
T16 1643-1736 Sentence denotes It is likely that future serological studies will show much asymptomatic disease in children.
T17 1737-1825 Sentence denotes As opposed to H1N1, pregnant women do not appear to be at higher risk of severe disease.
T18 1826-1987 Sentence denotes The severity of the disease appears to be associated with age, with the elderly most at risk; those over 80 years of age had a Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of 14.8%.
T19 1988-2133 Sentence denotes The CFR was also increased in those with comorbidities including cardiovascular, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, hypertension, and cancer.
T20 2134-2209 Sentence denotes The cause of death is respiratory failure, shock or multiple organ failure.
T21 2211-2249 Sentence denotes How are infected people being treated?
T22 2250-2359 Sentence denotes There is no proven treatment at this early stage but we will doubtless have more information about this soon.
T23 2360-2480 Sentence denotes It can be assumed that non-pharmacologic approaches are effective such as fluid support, oxygen and ventilatory support.
T24 2481-2680 Sentence denotes Most recently the national data suggests that 17.7%, 10.4% and 7.0% of all cases have disease requiring respiratory support in Wuhan, Hubei (not including Wuhan) and the rest of China (respectively).
T25 2681-2762 Sentence denotes About a quarter of all require ventilation while 75% require oxygen support only.
T26 2763-2858 Sentence denotes The variation in severity rates probably reflects the outcomes in an overwhelmed health system.
T27 2859-3171 Sentence denotes Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) is potentially of benefit and we will know more particularly when cities with higher technology health systems become affected and ECMO is truly tested in the most severely ill. ECMO is currently being used in China, however, its effectiveness is yet to be determined.
T28 3172-3321 Sentence denotes Antiviral drugs as well as a variety of other putative treatments are typically being prescribed for deteriorating patients on a compassionate basis.
T29 3322-3506 Sentence denotes Clinicians would be well aware of such situations but assurance is required that their safety and efficacy are being scientifically assessed so that meaning is brought to bear quickly.
T30 3507-3766 Sentence denotes Coordination of clinical trials to avoid duplication and ensure that results are rapidly available will be a challenge but the case numbers should facilitate rapid definitive results. (see What is in the pipeline for vaccine development and/or therapeutics?).
T31 3768-3833 Sentence denotes Why is the World Health Organization (WHO) so concerned about it?
T32 3834-3951 Sentence denotes As a novel virus newly emerged in humans, the world’s population is completely immune-naïve and therefore vulnerable.
T33 3952-4217 Sentence denotes There is clear human-to-human transmission in family clusters in China and beyond, transmission from close face-to-face social contact, especially in small enclosed spaces, and transmission from failed infection prevention and control measures in health facilities.
T34 4218-4367 Sentence denotes In addition, the experience in Wuhan shows that transmission can be massive in a short period of time with thousands of new patients diagnosed daily.
T35 4368-4517 Sentence denotes The current aim of the global response is to flatten the epidemic curve so that transmission is slowed, and to interrupt transmission where possible.
T36 4518-4738 Sentence denotes While there is clearly a mortality linked to the virus, the most concerning problem will be if a health system is overwhelmed in the wake of rapid transmission so that affected patients cannot receive the care they need.
T37 4739-4848 Sentence denotes Furthermore, patients with other urgent medical conditions are at risk of not obtaining their necessary care.
T38 4849-4918 Sentence denotes Countries with vulnerable health systems are particularly of concern.
T39 4919-5045 Sentence denotes Recently, there have been outbreaks in newly affected countries including Italy and Iran where the index case is unidentified.
T40 5046-5135 Sentence denotes Furthermore affected countries have very large clusters emerging such as Korea and Japan.
T41 5136-5466 Sentence denotes There is no reason to believe that the global community is ready for this emerging pandemic; ready in a way that can see drastic public health intervention implemented within days, including aggressive and massive contact tracing, monitoring (or quarantine) and early detection and isolation in an attempt to slow the progression.
T42 5468-5501 Sentence denotes How are health agencies reacting?
T43 5502-5768 Sentence denotes There is uncertainty regarding transmissibility and severity – more information is emerging about the spectrum of disease, especially mild disease, which is not identified using many current case definitions, and about the ease of transmission from person to person.
T44 5769-5871 Sentence denotes Health agencies are unsure how to model this and estimates vary depending on the variables being used.
T45 5872-6067 Sentence denotes For instance, SARS was essentially spread later in the disease from patients with more significant clinical pictures, and it was contained by infection control measures particularly in hospitals.
T46 6068-6372 Sentence denotes The limited spread to family members of health workers and the community was contained by usual outbreak control measures including early identification and management of persons with infection, tracing of contacts with monitoring for onset of fever and/or symptoms, and active engagement of communities.
T47 6373-6672 Sentence denotes Most modelling suggests that the severity of illness is more like influenza than SARS, and there is concern among the public health community because the transmissibility of COVID-19 is not yet fully understood, and the potential for it to become endemic like other respiratory pathogens is unknown.
T48 6673-6898 Sentence denotes Because of the many unknowns, the initial reaction by health agencies is still valid: to brace for the first wave as the virus reaches a completely naïve population and to make maximum effort to interrupt transmission [4, 5].
T49 6899-6981 Sentence denotes Experience with managing this outbreak will be very heterogenous across the world.
T50 6982-7070 Sentence denotes Countries closely connected with China, such as Singapore, will be ahead in this regard.
T51 7071-7202 Sentence denotes As the outbreak moves across regions, there is opportunity to support those affected later both in terms of readiness and response.
T52 7203-7386 Sentence denotes Mechanisms available to outbreak response organisations, particularly through the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN), can be valuable in skills- and knowledge-sharing.
T53 7387-7513 Sentence denotes Therefore, there should be a deliberate effort to utilise knowledge from early affected countries in later affected countries.
T54 7515-7587 Sentence denotes What measures are likely to be successful in curbing its further spread?
T55 7588-7706 Sentence denotes On January 23rd, Hubei province in Central China was locked down with all movement in and out of the province blocked.
T56 7707-7865 Sentence denotes Travel across China was discouraged and the number of scheduled flights and train journeys available considerably reduced to perhaps 10% of previous activity.
T57 7866-7993 Sentence denotes Commercial and social activities became negligible, with schools, restaurants, other entertainment spots and most shops closed.
T58 7994-8092 Sentence denotes Migrant workers were prevented from returning to work after the extended Chinese New Year Holiday.
T59 8093-8281 Sentence denotes Frequent hand hygiene when in public and staying at home became the norm. This unprecedented public health effort by China has afforded the rest China and the world a lead time to prepare.
T60 8282-8475 Sentence denotes The lockdown resulted in a downward trend in national and provincial epidemic curves, however, these measures are not sustainable and eventually there will be a strategy to return to normality.
T61 8476-8597 Sentence denotes Should this result in a second wave of cases, and more international spread, countries around the world must be prepared.
T62 8598-8700 Sentence denotes Early identification, and isolation or cohorting of positive cases to designated sites is at the core.
T63 8701-8890 Sentence denotes In order to achieve this, hospitals, quarantine services, laboratories, together with epidemiology and communication teams will need to be scaled up to provide effective and efficient care.
T64 8892-8960 Sentence denotes What is in the pipeline for vaccine development and/or therapeutics?
T65 8961-9052 Sentence denotes It appears that no vaccine will be available for at least one year, likely a little longer.
T66 9053-9146 Sentence denotes Phase 1 trials for safety and immunogenicity in human populations are likely within 3 months.
T67 9147-9221 Sentence denotes In terms of therapeutics there is no known effective pharmaceutical agent.
T68 9222-9294 Sentence denotes There are over 200 registered clinical trials registered in China alone.
T69 9295-9470 Sentence denotes Putative agents include antivirals; Griffithsin, a spike protein inhibitor, nucleoside analogues eg. remdesivir, ribavirin and protease inhibitors such as lopinavir/ritonavir.
T70 9471-9571 Sentence denotes Immunomodulatory and other host targeted agents include interferon, chloroquine and immunoglobulins.
T71 9572-9684 Sentence denotes Corticosteroids will potentially have benefit for immune mediated lung damage late in the course of disease [6].
T72 9685-9783 Sentence denotes Much of the theory stems from what we have learnt from limited trials in other corona viruses [7].
T73 9785-9801 Sentence denotes Publisher’s Note
T74 9802-9920 Sentence denotes Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
T75 9922-9938 Sentence denotes Acknowledgements
T76 9939-9954 Sentence denotes Not Applicable.
T77 9956-9978 Sentence denotes Authors’ contributions
T78 9979-10032 Sentence denotes DF drafted the text and DLH substantially revised it.
T79 10033-10087 Sentence denotes Both authors agree with the final version of the text.
T80 10089-10109 Sentence denotes Authors’ information
T81 10110-10300 Sentence denotes DF is Head of the Division of Infectious Diseases, National University Hospital, Singapore, and Chair of The National Infection Prevention & Control Committee, Ministry of Health, Singapore.
T82 10301-10354 Sentence denotes He is also the Chair of the GOARN steering committee.
T83 10355-10455 Sentence denotes DLH is professor of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
T84 10456-10635 Sentence denotes Previously he was the World Health Organisation’s assistant director-general for Health Security and Environment, and representative of the director-general for polio eradication.
T85 10637-10644 Sentence denotes Funding
T86 10645-10660 Sentence denotes Not Applicable.
T87 10662-10696 Sentence denotes Availability of data and materials
T88 10697-10712 Sentence denotes Not Applicable.
T89 10714-10756 Sentence denotes Ethics approval and consent to participate
T90 10757-10772 Sentence denotes Not Applicable.
T91 10774-10797 Sentence denotes Consent for publication
T92 10798-10813 Sentence denotes Not Applicable.
T93 10815-10834 Sentence denotes Competing interests
T94 10835-10893 Sentence denotes The authors declare that they have no competing interests.