PMC:7045880 / 1368-12740
Annnotations
LitCovid-PubTator
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 72 | 281-286 | Gene | denotes | spike | Gene:43740568 |
| 73 | 13-24 | Species | denotes | Coronavirus | Tax:11118 |
| 74 | 117-128 | Species | denotes | Coronavirus | Tax:11118 |
| 75 | 150-163 | Species | denotes | Coronaviridae | Tax:11118 |
| 76 | 214-227 | Species | denotes | coronaviruses | Tax:11118 |
| 77 | 444-450 | Species | denotes | humans | Tax:9606 |
| 78 | 651-664 | Species | denotes | coronaviruses | Tax:11118 |
| 79 | 699-705 | Species | denotes | humans | Tax:9606 |
| 80 | 720-736 | Species | denotes | coronavirus 229E | Tax:11137 |
| 81 | 808-853 | Species | denotes | severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus | Tax:694009 |
| 82 | 855-863 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
| 83 | 878-933 | Species | denotes | Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) | Tax:1335626 |
| 84 | 744-748 | Species | denotes | NL63 | Tax:277944 |
| 85 | 478-486 | Disease | denotes | Infected | MESH:D007239 |
| 86 | 686-695 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 87 | 957-977 | Disease | denotes | respiratory diseases | MESH:D012140 |
| 88 | 986-995 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
| 89 | 1000-1005 | Disease | denotes | death | MESH:D003643 |
| 95 | 1101-1116 | Species | denotes | new coronavirus | Tax:2697049 |
| 96 | 1362-1370 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 97 | 1494-1504 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 98 | 1058-1067 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
| 99 | 1230-1239 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
| 106 | 1620-1630 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 107 | 1700-1708 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 108 | 1749-1759 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 109 | 1770-1777 | Species | denotes | BetaCoV | Tax:694002 |
| 110 | 1658-1688 | Disease | denotes | 2019 novel coronavirus disease | MESH:C000657245 |
| 111 | 1690-1698 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 115 | 1951-1959 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 116 | 1970-1980 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 117 | 2322-2330 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 119 | 2501-2509 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
| 131 | 3663-3671 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 132 | 4221-4231 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 133 | 3784-3792 | Chemical | denotes | Nystadin | |
| 134 | 3794-3804 | Chemical | denotes | penicillin | MESH:D010406 |
| 135 | 3805-3817 | Chemical | denotes | streptomycin | MESH:D013307 |
| 136 | 3967-3970 | Chemical | denotes | CO2 | MESH:D002245 |
| 137 | 3977-4011 | Chemical | denotes | Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium | |
| 138 | 4013-4017 | Chemical | denotes | DMEM | |
| 139 | 4063-4073 | Chemical | denotes | penicillin | MESH:D010406 |
| 140 | 4074-4086 | Chemical | denotes | streptomycin | MESH:D013307 |
| 141 | 3654-3662 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 143 | 4750-4760 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 146 | 5059-5064 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
| 147 | 5076-5087 | Species | denotes | coronavirus | Tax:11118 |
| 159 | 5496-5512 | Chemical | denotes | paraformaldehyde | MESH:C003043 |
| 160 | 5522-5536 | Chemical | denotes | glutaraldehyde | MESH:D005976 |
| 161 | 5546-5555 | Chemical | denotes | phosphate | MESH:D010710 |
| 162 | 5801-5817 | Chemical | denotes | osmium tetroxide | MESH:D009993 |
| 163 | 5856-5861 | Chemical | denotes | water | MESH:D014867 |
| 164 | 5967-5974 | Chemical | denotes | ethanol | MESH:D000431 |
| 165 | 6069-6084 | Chemical | denotes | propylene oxide | MESH:C009068 |
| 166 | 6289-6295 | Chemical | denotes | nickel | MESH:D009532 |
| 167 | 6329-6343 | Chemical | denotes | uranyl acetate | MESH:C005460 |
| 168 | 5610-5618 | Disease | denotes | infected | MESH:D007239 |
| 169 | 6029-6040 | Disease | denotes | dehydration | MESH:D003681 |
| 171 | 7574-7585 | Species | denotes | Coronavirus | Tax:11118 |
| 183 | 8166-8171 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
| 184 | 8183-8196 | Species | denotes | coronaviruses | Tax:11118 |
| 185 | 8331-8341 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 186 | 8363-8366 | Species | denotes | CoV | Tax:11118 |
| 187 | 8372-8377 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
| 188 | 8378-8386 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
| 189 | 8497-8507 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 190 | 8573-8583 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 191 | 8615-8622 | Species | denotes | BetaCoV | Tax:694002 |
| 192 | 8214-8249 | Disease | denotes | IVDC-HB-01/2019(GISAID accession ID | MESH:C000657245 |
| 193 | 8706-8725 | Disease | denotes | GISAID accession ID | MESH:C537985 |
| 209 | 8906-8916 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 210 | 8944-8951 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
| 211 | 9042-9049 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
| 212 | 9153-9163 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 213 | 9278-9288 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 214 | 9330-9335 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
| 215 | 9409-9416 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
| 216 | 9444-9449 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
| 217 | 9605-9615 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 218 | 8795-8803 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 219 | 9031-9036 | Disease | denotes | fever | MESH:D005334 |
| 220 | 9079-9087 | Disease | denotes | coughing | MESH:D003371 |
| 221 | 9422-9431 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
| 222 | 9208-9215 | CellLine | denotes | Caco-II | CVCL:0025 |
| 223 | 9636-9643 | CellLine | denotes | Caco-II | CVCL:0025 |
| 238 | 9821-9838 | Species | denotes | novel coronavirus | Tax:2697049 |
| 239 | 9887-9897 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 240 | 9910-9915 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
| 241 | 9916-9929 | Species | denotes | coronaviruses | Tax:11118 |
| 242 | 9935-9939 | Species | denotes | CoVs | Tax:11118 |
| 243 | 9948-9958 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 244 | 10135-10150 | Species | denotes | new coronavirus | Tax:2697049 |
| 245 | 10152-10162 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 246 | 10181-10196 | Species | denotes | betacoronavirus | Tax:694002 |
| 247 | 10395-10398 | Species | denotes | CoV | Tax:11118 |
| 248 | 10417-10425 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
| 249 | 10441-10449 | Species | denotes | MERS-CoV | Tax:1335626 |
| 250 | 10558-10565 | Species | denotes | BetaCoV | Tax:694002 |
| 251 | 10323-10358 | Disease | denotes | IVDC-HB-01/2019(GISAID accession ID | MESH:C000657245 |
| 264 | 10756-10766 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 265 | 10836-10839 | Species | denotes | CoV | Tax:11118 |
| 266 | 10872-10882 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 267 | 10901-10904 | Species | denotes | CoV | Tax:11118 |
| 268 | 10924-10929 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
| 269 | 10930-10943 | Species | denotes | coronaviruses | Tax:11118 |
| 270 | 10963-10976 | Species | denotes | coronaviruses | Tax:11118 |
| 271 | 11028-11038 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 272 | 11125-11133 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 273 | 10805-10814 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
| 274 | 11116-11124 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 275 | 11163-11171 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T8 | 31-34 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T9 | 86-89 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T10 | 287-294 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T11 | 1599-1605 | Body_part | denotes | genome | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116 |
| T12 | 1722-1726 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T13 | 1847-1850 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T14 | 1904-1910 | Body_part | denotes | sputum | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma312401 |
| T15 | 2026-2029 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T16 | 2086-2089 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T17 | 2482-2485 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T18 | 2551-2554 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T19 | 2565-2568 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T20 | 2580-2584 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T21 | 2797-2801 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T22 | 3020-3023 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T23 | 3912-3917 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T24 | 3935-3940 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T25 | 4053-4058 | Body_part | denotes | serum | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083 |
| T26 | 4163-4167 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T27 | 4428-4434 | Body_part | denotes | genome | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116 |
| T28 | 4490-4493 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T29 | 4522-4526 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T30 | 4761-4764 | Body_part | denotes | DNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412 |
| T31 | 4935-4941 | Body_part | denotes | genome | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116 |
| T32 | 4967-4971 | Body_part | denotes | Gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T33 | 5456-5461 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T34 | 5604-5609 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T35 | 6529-6534 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T36 | 6565-6570 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T37 | 6761-6766 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T38 | 6823-6828 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T39 | 6919-6922 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T40 | 6942-6946 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T41 | 7356-7360 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T42 | 7484-7493 | Body_part | denotes | cytoplasm | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66835 |
| T43 | 7520-7525 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T44 | 7721-7731 | Body_part | denotes | organelles | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63832 |
| T45 | 7773-7779 | Body_part | denotes | genome | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116 |
| T46 | 7824-7829 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T47 | 7881-7884 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T48 | 7925-7929 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T49 | 7950-7953 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T50 | 7997-8001 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T51 | 8121-8125 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T52 | 8140-8144 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T53 | 8662-8666 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T54 | 9093-9099 | Body_part | denotes | sputum | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma312401 |
| T55 | 9189-9194 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T56 | 9216-9221 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T57 | 9244-9249 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T58 | 9343-9359 | Body_part | denotes | epithelial cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66768 |
| T59 | 9354-9359 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T60 | 9457-9473 | Body_part | denotes | epithelial cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66768 |
| T61 | 9468-9473 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T62 | 9536-9546 | Body_part | denotes | epithelium | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9639 |
| T63 | 9627-9632 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T64 | 9644-9649 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T65 | 9722-9726 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T66 | 11184-11188 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T3 | 619-625 | Body_part | denotes | organs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062 |
| T4 | 1904-1910 | Body_part | denotes | sputum | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007311 |
| T5 | 4053-4058 | Body_part | denotes | serum | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977 |
| T6 | 9093-9099 | Body_part | denotes | sputum | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007311 |
| T7 | 9536-9546 | Body_part | denotes | epithelium | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000483 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T12 | 686-695 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T13 | 808-841 | Disease | denotes | severe acute respiratory syndrome | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T14 | 855-863 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T15 | 957-977 | Disease | denotes | respiratory diseases | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005087 |
| T16 | 986-995 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
| T17 | 1058-1067 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
| T18 | 1230-1239 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
| T19 | 1494-1502 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T20 | 1620-1628 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T21 | 1690-1698 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T22 | 1749-1757 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T23 | 1970-1978 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T24 | 2322-2330 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T25 | 2501-2509 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T26 | 3654-3662 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T27 | 4221-4229 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T28 | 4750-4758 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T29 | 5003-5006 | Disease | denotes | CLC | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004315 |
| T30 | 5145-5154 | Disease | denotes | Influenza | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812 |
| T31 | 8331-8339 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T32 | 8353-8357 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T33 | 8378-8386 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T34 | 8497-8505 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T35 | 8573-8581 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T36 | 8795-8803 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T37 | 8906-8914 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T38 | 9153-9161 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T39 | 9278-9286 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T40 | 9422-9431 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
| T41 | 9605-9613 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T42 | 9887-9895 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T43 | 9948-9956 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T44 | 10152-10160 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T45 | 10417-10425 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T46 | 10756-10764 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T47 | 10805-10814 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
| T48 | 10872-10880 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T49 | 11028-11036 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T50 | 11116-11124 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T51 | 11163-11171 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T18 | 35-40 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T19 | 107-109 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 | denotes | 27 |
| T20 | 113-115 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007074 | denotes | kb |
| T21 | 113-115 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051988 | denotes | kb |
| T22 | 304-305 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T23 | 387-392 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T24 | 412-413 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T25 | 444-450 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | humans |
| T26 | 611-625 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003133 | denotes | genital organs |
| T27 | 699-705 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | humans |
| T28 | 1099-1100 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T29 | 1203-1204 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T30 | 1521-1522 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T31 | 1566-1568 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 | denotes | 11 |
| T32 | 1722-1726 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
| T33 | 2071-2072 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T34 | 2201-2202 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T35 | 2431-2432 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T36 | 2580-2584 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T37 | 2797-2801 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T38 | 2970-2971 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T39 | 3512-3522 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 | denotes | instrument |
| T40 | 3555-3560 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | Virus |
| T41 | 3575-3580 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T42 | 3818-3821 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 | denotes | 1:1 |
| T43 | 3832-3836 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001757 | denotes | at 1 |
| T44 | 3873-3876 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001387 | denotes | 4°C |
| T45 | 3907-3911 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 | denotes | Vero |
| T46 | 3907-3911 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 | denotes | Vero |
| T47 | 3912-3917 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T48 | 3930-3934 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 | denotes | Vero |
| T49 | 3930-3934 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 | denotes | Vero |
| T50 | 3935-3940 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T51 | 3961-3965 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002131 | denotes | C, 5 |
| T52 | 4088-4093 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | Virus |
| T53 | 4163-4167 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T54 | 4249-4250 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T55 | 4513-4526 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000010 | denotes | cultured cell |
| T56 | 4547-4552 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T57 | 4569-4570 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T58 | 4661-4666 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | genes |
| T59 | 4921-4922 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T60 | 4967-4971 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | Gene |
| T61 | 5003-5006 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002494 | denotes | CLC |
| T62 | 5059-5064 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
| T63 | 5069-5075 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 | denotes | animal |
| T64 | 5456-5461 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T65 | 5604-5609 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T66 | 5624-5629 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T67 | 5863-5865 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0037161 | denotes | en |
| T68 | 6170-6172 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001382 | denotes | 48 |
| T69 | 6278-6279 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T70 | 6377-6378 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T71 | 6503-6508 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | Virus |
| T72 | 6524-6528 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 | denotes | Vero |
| T73 | 6524-6528 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 | denotes | Vero |
| T74 | 6529-6534 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T75 | 6560-6564 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 | denotes | Vero |
| T76 | 6560-6564 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 | denotes | Vero |
| T77 | 6565-6570 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T78 | 6761-6766 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T79 | 6823-6828 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T80 | 6859-6864 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | Virus |
| T81 | 6942-6946 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
| T82 | 7180-7185 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T83 | 7356-7360 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
| T84 | 7420-7425 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T85 | 7471-7476 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T86 | 7520-7525 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T87 | 7620-7625 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | Virus |
| T88 | 7669-7674 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T89 | 7691-7692 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T90 | 7707-7731 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043229 | denotes | intracellular organelles |
| T91 | 7824-7829 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T92 | 7908-7913 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T93 | 7925-7929 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
| T94 | 7997-8001 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T95 | 8121-8125 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T96 | 8140-8144 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T97 | 8166-8171 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
| T98 | 8176-8182 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 | denotes | animal |
| T99 | 8219-8221 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0003622 | denotes | HB |
| T100 | 8266-8269 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001053 | denotes | 121 |
| T101 | 8342-8347 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | genes |
| T102 | 8372-8377 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
| T103 | 8599-8604 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T104 | 8662-8666 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T105 | 8865-8866 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T106 | 8935-8936 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T107 | 9189-9194 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T108 | 9196-9200 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 | denotes | Vero |
| T109 | 9196-9200 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 | denotes | Vero |
| T110 | 9216-9221 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T111 | 9239-9243 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 | denotes | Vero |
| T112 | 9239-9243 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 | denotes | Vero |
| T113 | 9244-9249 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T114 | 9330-9335 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
| T115 | 9336-9342 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001005 | denotes | airway |
| T116 | 9343-9353 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066 | denotes | epithelial |
| T117 | 9354-9359 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T118 | 9407-9408 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T119 | 9444-9449 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
| T120 | 9450-9456 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001005 | denotes | airway |
| T121 | 9457-9467 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066 | denotes | epithelial |
| T122 | 9468-9473 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T123 | 9536-9546 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000483 | denotes | epithelium |
| T124 | 9622-9626 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 | denotes | Vero |
| T125 | 9622-9626 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 | denotes | Vero |
| T126 | 9627-9632 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T127 | 9644-9649 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T128 | 9722-9732 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0000031 | denotes | cell lines |
| T129 | 9746-9751 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T130 | 9910-9915 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
| T131 | 10037-10038 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T132 | 10328-10330 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0003622 | denotes | HB |
| T133 | 10391-10394 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 | denotes | bat |
| T134 | 10400-10403 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 | denotes | bat |
| T135 | 10663-10666 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T136 | 10832-10835 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9596 | denotes | pan |
| T137 | 10897-10900 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9596 | denotes | Pan |
| T138 | 10924-10929 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
| T139 | 10948-10954 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 | denotes | animal |
| T140 | 11049-11050 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T141 | 11075-11078 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T142 | 11184-11188 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T143 | 11291-11296 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | tests |
| T144 | 11318-11323 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | tests |
| T145 | 11339-11344 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T3 | 184-189 | Chemical | denotes | alpha | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30216 |
| T4 | 191-195 | Chemical | denotes | beta | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545 |
| T5 | 208-213 | Chemical | denotes | gamma | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30212 |
| T6 | 287-294 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
| T7 | 321-326 | Chemical | denotes | crown | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37409 |
| T8 | 356-364 | Chemical | denotes | electron | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545 |
| T9 | 2526-2531 | Chemical | denotes | probe | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50406 |
| T10 | 2730-2735 | Chemical | denotes | 5-FAM | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51617 |
| T11 | 2770-2775 | Chemical | denotes | probe | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50406 |
| T12 | 2948-2953 | Chemical | denotes | 5-FAM | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51617 |
| T13 | 3049-3055 | Chemical | denotes | buffer | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35225 |
| T14 | 3169-3176 | Chemical | denotes | mixture | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60004 |
| T15 | 3243-3248 | Chemical | denotes | probe | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50406 |
| T16 | 3771-3782 | Chemical | denotes | antibiotics | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281 |
| T17 | 3794-3804 | Chemical | denotes | penicillin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17334|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51356 |
| T19 | 3805-3817 | Chemical | denotes | streptomycin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17076|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58007 |
| T21 | 3967-3970 | Chemical | denotes | CO2 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16526 |
| T22 | 4063-4073 | Chemical | denotes | penicillin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17334|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51356 |
| T24 | 4074-4086 | Chemical | denotes | streptomycin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17076|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58007 |
| T26 | 4183-4191 | Chemical | denotes | electron | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545 |
| T27 | 4761-4764 | Chemical | denotes | DNA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991 |
| T28 | 4837-4839 | Chemical | denotes | PE | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16038|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17553|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74762 |
| T31 | 5383-5391 | Chemical | denotes | electron | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545 |
| T32 | 5420-5428 | Chemical | denotes | electron | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545 |
| T33 | 5522-5536 | Chemical | denotes | glutaraldehyde | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64276 |
| T34 | 5546-5555 | Chemical | denotes | phosphate | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18367|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26020|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35780|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43474 |
| T38 | 5556-5562 | Chemical | denotes | buffer | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35225 |
| T39 | 5743-5749 | Chemical | denotes | buffer | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35225 |
| T40 | 5760-5768 | Chemical | denotes | fixative | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50913 |
| T41 | 5769-5777 | Chemical | denotes | solution | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75958 |
| T42 | 5801-5817 | Chemical | denotes | osmium tetroxide | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_88215 |
| T43 | 5801-5807 | Chemical | denotes | osmium | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30687 |
| T44 | 5856-5861 | Chemical | denotes | water | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377 |
| T45 | 5863-5865 | Chemical | denotes | en | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30347 |
| T46 | 5912-5919 | Chemical | denotes | acetate | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30089|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_47622 |
| T48 | 5967-5974 | Chemical | denotes | ethanol | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236 |
| T49 | 6069-6084 | Chemical | denotes | propylene oxide | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38685 |
| T50 | 6069-6078 | Chemical | denotes | propylene | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16052 |
| T51 | 6079-6084 | Chemical | denotes | oxide | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29356 |
| T53 | 6289-6295 | Chemical | denotes | nickel | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28112 |
| T54 | 6336-6343 | Chemical | denotes | acetate | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30089|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_47622 |
| T56 | 6392-6400 | Chemical | denotes | electron | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545 |
| T57 | 7429-7437 | Chemical | denotes | electron | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545 |
| T58 | 7542-7550 | Chemical | denotes | electron | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545 |
| T59 | 8247-8249 | Chemical | denotes | ID | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141439 |
| T60 | 8723-8725 | Chemical | denotes | ID | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141439 |
| T61 | 9213-9215 | Chemical | denotes | II | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067 |
| T62 | 9641-9643 | Chemical | denotes | II | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067 |
| T63 | 10356-10358 | Chemical | denotes | ID | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141439 |
| T64 | 10404-10406 | Chemical | denotes | SL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74815 |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T2 | 2002-2015 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 | denotes | transcriptase |
| T3 | 2002-2015 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003899 | denotes | transcriptase |
| T4 | 3259-3280 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | Reverse transcription |
| T5 | 3267-3280 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351 | denotes | transcription |
| T6 | 3359-3372 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 | denotes | transcriptase |
| T7 | 3359-3372 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003899 | denotes | transcriptase |
| T8 | 4449-4462 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 | denotes | transcriptase |
| T9 | 4449-4462 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003899 | denotes | transcriptase |
| T10 | 5587-5596 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097264 | denotes | autolysis |
| T11 | 5587-5596 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001896 | denotes | autolysis |
2_test
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 32149036-30531947-81764444 | 229-230 | 30531947 | denotes | 1 |
| 32149036-24737708-81764445 | 377-378 | 24737708 | denotes | 3 |
| 32149036-31522710-81764446 | 379-380 | 31522710 | denotes | 4 |
| 32149036-30531947-81764447 | 627-628 | 30531947 | denotes | 1 |
| 32149036-29551135-81764448 | 1007-1008 | 29551135 | denotes | 5 |
| 32149036-27344959-81764449 | 1009-1010 | 27344959 | denotes | 6 |
| 32149036-32004758-81764450 | 1172-1173 | 32004758 | denotes | 7 |
| 32149036-31953166-81764451 | 1423-1424 | 31953166 | denotes | 8 |
| 32149036-32035511-81764451 | 1423-1424 | 32035511 | denotes | 8 |
| 32149036-26235643-81764452 | 6482-6484 | 26235643 | denotes | 13 |
| 32149036-19844604-81764452 | 6482-6484 | 19844604 | denotes | 13 |
| 32149036-31978945-81764453 | 9433-9435 | 31978945 | denotes | 16 |
LitCovid-sentences
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T17 | 0-12 | Sentence | denotes | Introduction |
| T18 | 13-116 | Sentence | denotes | Coronavirus is an RNA virus consisting of positive-sense single-stranded RNA of approximately 27–32 kb. |
| T19 | 117-234 | Sentence | denotes | Coronavirus belong to the family Coronaviridae, which comprises of alpha, beta, delta, and gamma coronaviruses [1,2]. |
| T20 | 235-382 | Sentence | denotes | As the name indicates, the spherical external spike protein displays a characteristic crown shape when observed under an electron microscope [3,4]. |
| T21 | 383-477 | Sentence | denotes | The virus is known to infect a wide range of hosts including humans, other mammals, and birds. |
| T22 | 478-632 | Sentence | denotes | Infected hosts exhibit different clinical courses, ranging from asymptomatic to severe symptoms in their respiratory, digestive, and genital organs [1,2]. |
| T23 | 633-706 | Sentence | denotes | There are 6 known coronaviruses that typically cause infection in humans. |
| T24 | 707-1012 | Sentence | denotes | Among these, coronavirus 229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1 generally cause mild cold-like symptoms, whereas severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003, and Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, caused severe respiratory diseases such as pneumonia and death [5,6]. |
| T25 | 1013-1175 | Sentence | denotes | Following the first outbreaks of unexplained pneumonia in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, a new coronavirus was identified as the causative agent in January 2020 [7]. |
| T26 | 1176-1295 | Sentence | denotes | As of February 11th, 2020, a total of 45,000 cases of pneumonia, have been reported from 26 countries, including China. |
| T27 | 1296-1429 | Sentence | denotes | Approximately 96.8% of all cases have been reported in China, and patients in the Hubei province account for 75% of all cases [8–10]. |
| T28 | 1430-1570 | Sentence | denotes | In Korea, the first case was reported on January 20, 2020, when SARS-CoV-2 was detected in a traveler entering Korea from Wuhan, China [11]. |
| T29 | 1571-1735 | Sentence | denotes | This study reports the full genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from putative the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients in Korea, by cell culture. |
| T30 | 1736-1796 | Sentence | denotes | The isolated SARS-CoV-2 was named BetaCoV/Korea/KCDC03/2020. |
| T31 | 1798-1819 | Sentence | denotes | Materials and Methods |
| T32 | 1821-1823 | Sentence | denotes | 1. |
| T33 | 1824-1861 | Sentence | denotes | Clinical specimens and RNA extraction |
| T34 | 1862-2025 | Sentence | denotes | Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab and sputum samples were collected from symptomatic patients to detect SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. |
| T35 | 2026-2167 | Sentence | denotes | RNA was extracted from clinical samples with a QIAamp viral RNA mini kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) following the manufacturer’s instructions. |
| T36 | 2168-2331 | Sentence | denotes | All specimens were handled under a biosafety cabinet according to laboratory biosafety guidelines of Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for COVID-19. |
| T37 | 2333-2335 | Sentence | denotes | 2. |
| T38 | 2336-2352 | Sentence | denotes | Real-time RT-PCR |
| T39 | 2353-2510 | Sentence | denotes | The optimal concentration of primers and probes, which were synthesized using a published sequence [12], was determined with the RNA transcripts of SARS-CoV. |
| T40 | 2511-2600 | Sentence | denotes | The primer and probe sequences used for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene detection were: |
| T41 | 2601-2817 | Sentence | denotes | 5′-GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG-3′ (Forward), 5′-CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA-3′ (Reverse) and 5′-CAGGTGGAACCTCATCAGGAGATGC-3′ (Probe in 5-FAM/3′-BHQ format) and the primer and probe sequences used for E gene detection were: |
| T42 | 2818-2969 | Sentence | denotes | 5′-ACAGGTACGTTAATAGTTAATAGCGT-3′ (Forward), 5′-ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA-3′ (Reverse) and 5′-ACACTAGCCATCCTTACTGCGCTTCG-3′ (Probe in 5-FAM/3′-BHQ format). |
| T43 | 2970-3258 | Sentence | denotes | A 25-μL reaction was setup that contained 5 μL of RNA, 12.5 μL of 2 × reaction buffer provided with the Agpath IDTM 1 step RT-PCR system (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA), 1 μL of 25 × enzyme mixture, 1 μL of forward and reverse primers at 10 pM, and 0.5 μL of each probe at 10 pM. |
| T44 | 3259-3396 | Sentence | denotes | Reverse transcription was performed at 50°C for 30 minutes, followed by inactivation of the reverse transcriptase at 95°C for 10 minutes. |
| T45 | 3397-3550 | Sentence | denotes | PCR amplification was performed with 40 cycles at 95°C for 15 seconds and 60°C for 1 minute using an ABI 7500 Fast instrument (Thermo Fisher Scientific). |
| T46 | 3552-3554 | Sentence | denotes | 3. |
| T47 | 3555-3570 | Sentence | denotes | Virus isolation |
| T48 | 3571-3672 | Sentence | denotes | The virus was isolated from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples from putative COVID-19 patients. |
| T49 | 3673-3918 | Sentence | denotes | Oropharyngeal samples were diluted with viral transfer medium containing nasopharyngeal swabs and antibiotics (Nystadin, penicillin-streptomycin 1:1 dilution) at 1:4 ratio and incubated for 1 hour at 4°C, before being inoculated onto Vero cells. |
| T50 | 3919-4087 | Sentence | denotes | Inoculated Vero cells were cultured at 37°C, 5% CO2 in 1× Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum and penicillin-streptomycin. |
| T51 | 4088-4203 | Sentence | denotes | Virus replication and isolation were confirmed through cytopathic effects, gene detection, and electron microscopy. |
| T52 | 4204-4375 | Sentence | denotes | Viral culture of SARS-CoV-2 was conducted in a biosafety Level-3 facility according to laboratory biosafety guidelines of Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. |
| T53 | 4377-4379 | Sentence | denotes | 4. |
| T54 | 4380-4434 | Sentence | denotes | Next generation sequencing of viral full-length genome |
| T55 | 4435-4568 | Sentence | denotes | Using reverse transcriptase, cDNA was synthesized from RNA extracted from the cultured cell medium in which the virus was replicated. |
| T56 | 4569-4774 | Sentence | denotes | A next generation sequencing (NGS) library was constructed after amplifying the full-length genes of the isolates using the synthesized cDNA and primers designed based on published SARS-CoV-2 DNA sequence. |
| T57 | 4775-4840 | Sentence | denotes | The prepared library was purified and analyzed with Miseq 150 PE. |
| T58 | 4841-4942 | Sentence | denotes | De novo assembly was performed on the sequenced product using Megahit to secure a full-length genome. |
| T59 | 4944-4946 | Sentence | denotes | 5. |
| T60 | 4947-4966 | Sentence | denotes | Sequencing analysis |
| T61 | 4967-5028 | Sentence | denotes | Gene sequencing was performed using CLC Main Workbench 7.9.1. |
| T62 | 5029-5186 | Sentence | denotes | Alignment was conducted using human and animal coronavirus sequences registered in Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) and NCBI GenBank. |
| T63 | 5187-5365 | Sentence | denotes | The phylogenetic tree was analyzed using MEGA6 with the neighbor-joining method, maximum composite likelihood-parameter distance matrix, and bootstrap values of 1,000 replicates. |
| T64 | 5367-5369 | Sentence | denotes | 6. |
| T65 | 5370-5402 | Sentence | denotes | Transmission electron microscopy |
| T66 | 5403-5630 | Sentence | denotes | For transmission electron microscopy, the inoculated cells were prefixed by incubating in 2% paraformaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) to prevent the autolysis of the cells infected with virus. |
| T67 | 5631-5818 | Sentence | denotes | To minimize the chemical reaction between pre- and post-fixation, the slides were washed 3 times using the same buffer as in the fixative solution and post-fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide. |
| T68 | 5819-5920 | Sentence | denotes | After washing 3 times with deionized water, en bloc staining was performed using 0.5% uranyl acetate. |
| T69 | 5921-6085 | Sentence | denotes | Thereafter, 30%, 50%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% ethanol were used sequentially in ascending concentration for dehydration, which was substituted with propylene oxide. |
| T70 | 6086-6179 | Sentence | denotes | The slides were then embedded in Epon812 plastic resin, and polymerized at 70°C for 48 hours. |
| T71 | 6180-6344 | Sentence | denotes | The prepared plastic block was cut to 70-nm thick sections using an ultramicrotome and mounted on a 100-mesh nickel grid, and electrostained with 5% uranyl acetate. |
| T72 | 6345-6489 | Sentence | denotes | The sections were observed with a transmission electron microscope (Libra120, Carl Zeiss, Germany) at an acceleration voltage of 120 kV [13–15]. |
| T73 | 6491-6498 | Sentence | denotes | Results |
| T74 | 6500-6502 | Sentence | denotes | 1. |
| T75 | 6503-6534 | Sentence | denotes | Virus isolation from Vero cells |
| T76 | 6535-6745 | Sentence | denotes | Following inoculation of Vero cells with the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples, they were observed at 24-hour intervals, and the cytopathic effects were observed from 3 days after inoculation (Figure 1). |
| T77 | 6746-6858 | Sentence | denotes | The inoculated cells were harvested on the 4th day when more than 80% of the cells exhibited cytopathic effects. |
| T78 | 6859-6962 | Sentence | denotes | Virus replication was confirmed using real-time RT-PCR with RNA extracted from the cell culture medium. |
| T79 | 6963-7165 | Sentence | denotes | The Ct values were 14.40 and 18.26 for the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples, respectively, which were lower than the cycle threshold (Ct) values of 20.85 and 21.85 in the pre-inoculated samples. |
| T80 | 7166-7382 | Sentence | denotes | The number of virus copies in the samples before inoculation was 7.6 × 108 and 3.9 × 108 copy/mL, respectively, and increased by 10–70-fold to 5.4 × 1010 and 4.2 × 109, respectively, in the cell culture supernatants. |
| T81 | 7384-7386 | Sentence | denotes | 2. |
| T82 | 7387-7449 | Sentence | denotes | Analysis of the structure of the virus by electron micrographs |
| T83 | 7450-7573 | Sentence | denotes | The structure of the virus in the cytoplasm of 3-day post-inoculation cells was examined by electron microscopy (Figure 2). |
| T84 | 7574-7619 | Sentence | denotes | Coronavirus-specific morphology was observed. |
| T85 | 7620-7756 | Sentence | denotes | Virus particle size ranged from 70–90 nm and the virus was observed in a wide range of intracellular organelles, especially in vesicles. |
| T86 | 7758-7760 | Sentence | denotes | 3. |
| T87 | 7761-7805 | Sentence | denotes | Full-length genome and phylogenetic analysis |
| T88 | 7806-7945 | Sentence | denotes | After inoculating cells with the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples, RNA was extracted from the virus-replicated cell culture medium. |
| T89 | 7946-8046 | Sentence | denotes | The RNA was amplified with primers for full-length gene analysis, and NGS was performed using Miseq. |
| T90 | 8047-8126 | Sentence | denotes | De novo assembly of the NGS sequence secured 28,818 bp of the full-length gene. |
| T91 | 8127-8398 | Sentence | denotes | The acquired gene was compared with 57 human and animal coronaviruses, including Wuhan/IVDC-HB-01/2019(GISAID accession ID: EPI_ISL_402119~121), which was first reported in Wuhan, 54 reported full-length SARS-CoV-2 genes, Bat-SARS-like CoV, and human SARS-CoV (Figure 3). |
| T92 | 8399-8594 | Sentence | denotes | The analysis showed that the sequence was included in the same cluster as the previously reported SARS-CoV-2 sequence and showed high homology of > 99.5% with other isolated SARS-CoV-2 sequences. |
| T93 | 8595-8743 | Sentence | denotes | The virus was named BetaCoV/Korea/KCDC03/2020, and its full-length gene sequence was registered in WHO GISAID (GISAID accession ID: EPI_ISL_407193). |
| T94 | 8745-8755 | Sentence | denotes | Discussion |
| T95 | 8756-8901 | Sentence | denotes | As of February 12th, 2020, 28 cases of COVID-19 have been reported in Korea, with the first case observed in a traveler residing in Wuhan, China. |
| T96 | 8902-9037 | Sentence | denotes | The SARS-CoV-2 was isolated from a Korean patient who had self-administered antipyretics for initial symptoms such as chills and fever. |
| T97 | 9038-9148 | Sentence | denotes | The patient had experienced intermittent coughing with sputum 3 days after the administration of antipyretics. |
| T98 | 9149-9267 | Sentence | denotes | The SARS-CoV-2 could replicate in other cells (Vero E6 and Caco-II cells), in addition to Vero cells (data not shown). |
| T99 | 9268-9437 | Sentence | denotes | The first SARS-CoV-2 was successfully isolated by inoculating human airway epithelial cells with bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid samples from a patient with pneumonia [16]. |
| T100 | 9438-9669 | Sentence | denotes | Since human airway epithelial cells (because of their resemblance to pseudostratified mucociliary epithelium) require 4–6 weeks to differentiate in vivo, isolation of SARS-CoV-2 using Vero cells or Caco-II cells is more convenient. |
| T101 | 9670-9790 | Sentence | denotes | Further studies are needed to select more sensitive cell lines suitable for virus isolation from low viral load samples. |
| T102 | 9791-10070 | Sentence | denotes | The sequence of the suspected novel coronavirus (KCDC03) was analyzed using the sequences of 54 SARS-CoV-2 including 6 human coronaviruses, Bat-CoVs, and 51 SARS-CoV-2 that have been registered in GISAID by several countries including China, and a phylogenetic tree was produced. |
| T103 | 10071-10197 | Sentence | denotes | Results show that the isolate from Korea was clustered with the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 and classified as betacoronavirus. |
| T104 | 10198-10376 | Sentence | denotes | High homology (99.94%–99.99%) was confirmed with the viral sequences reported from other countries, such as those from Wuhan/IVDC-HB-01/2019(GISAID accession ID: EPI_ISL_402119). |
| T105 | 10377-10501 | Sentence | denotes | Homology with bat CoV (bat-SL-CoVZC45), SARS-CoV (AY278741) and MERS-CoV (JX869059) was 89.1%, 77.5%, and 50%, respectively. |
| T106 | 10502-10728 | Sentence | denotes | However, the lowest homology of 99.5% was observed with BetaCoV/Wuwhan/IVDCHB-04/2020, which could be because of the inaccurate sequence of IVDCHB-04, Hence, it has been excluded from the comparative analysis in other studies. |
| T107 | 10729-10892 | Sentence | denotes | Prior to identification of SARS-CoV-2 as the causative agent of the unknown pneumonia in Wuhan, China, pan-CoV RT-PCR was being used to detect SARS-CoV-2 in Korea. |
| T108 | 10893-11002 | Sentence | denotes | The Pan-CoV RT-PCR detects all human coronaviruses and animal-derived coronaviruses (personal communication). |
| T109 | 11003-11134 | Sentence | denotes | Since the release of the SARS-CoV-2 sequence, a real-time RT-PCR method has been established in the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients. |
| T110 | 11135-11220 | Sentence | denotes | Currently, the diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on gene detection via real-time RT-PCR. |
| T111 | 11221-11372 | Sentence | denotes | With the isolation of the causative agent, development of serological tests and rapid diagnostic tests in addition to virus detection will be required. |
LitCovid-PD-HP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T5 | 986-995 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
| T6 | 1058-1067 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
| T7 | 1230-1239 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
| T8 | 6029-6040 | Phenotype | denotes | dehydration | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001944 |
| T9 | 9020-9026 | Phenotype | denotes | chills | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025143 |
| T10 | 9031-9036 | Phenotype | denotes | fever | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945 |
| T11 | 9079-9087 | Phenotype | denotes | coughing | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735 |
| T12 | 9422-9431 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
| T13 | 10805-10814 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |