PMC:7045880
Annnotations
LitCovid-PubTator
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 18-29 | Species | denotes | Coronavirus | Tax:11118 |
| 4 | 46-53 | Species | denotes | Patient | Tax:9606 |
| 5 | 68-76 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 15 | 119-127 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 16 | 238-249 | Species | denotes | coronavirus | Tax:11118 |
| 17 | 251-261 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 18 | 365-373 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 19 | 488-496 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 20 | 145-154 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
| 21 | 272-302 | Disease | denotes | 2019 novel coronavirus disease | MESH:C000657245 |
| 22 | 313-321 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 23 | 379-387 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 26 | 573-581 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 27 | 587-595 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 35 | 911-921 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 36 | 946-954 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 37 | 1018-1028 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 38 | 1034-1042 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
| 39 | 1048-1056 | Species | denotes | MERS-CoV | Tax:1335626 |
| 40 | 1090-1101 | Species | denotes | Coronavirus | Tax:11118 |
| 41 | 1161-1175 | Disease | denotes | virus-infected | MESH:D001102 |
| 48 | 1200-1210 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 49 | 1238-1246 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 50 | 1340-1347 | Species | denotes | BetaCoV | Tax:694002 |
| 51 | 1264-1273 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
| 52 | 1291-1299 | Disease | denotes | coughing | MESH:D003371 |
| 53 | 1304-1309 | Disease | denotes | fever | MESH:D005334 |
| 72 | 1649-1654 | Gene | denotes | spike | Gene:43740568 |
| 73 | 1381-1392 | Species | denotes | Coronavirus | Tax:11118 |
| 74 | 1485-1496 | Species | denotes | Coronavirus | Tax:11118 |
| 75 | 1518-1531 | Species | denotes | Coronaviridae | Tax:11118 |
| 76 | 1582-1595 | Species | denotes | coronaviruses | Tax:11118 |
| 77 | 1812-1818 | Species | denotes | humans | Tax:9606 |
| 78 | 2019-2032 | Species | denotes | coronaviruses | Tax:11118 |
| 79 | 2067-2073 | Species | denotes | humans | Tax:9606 |
| 80 | 2088-2104 | Species | denotes | coronavirus 229E | Tax:11137 |
| 81 | 2176-2221 | Species | denotes | severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus | Tax:694009 |
| 82 | 2223-2231 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
| 83 | 2246-2301 | Species | denotes | Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) | Tax:1335626 |
| 84 | 2112-2116 | Species | denotes | NL63 | Tax:277944 |
| 85 | 1846-1854 | Disease | denotes | Infected | MESH:D007239 |
| 86 | 2054-2063 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 87 | 2325-2345 | Disease | denotes | respiratory diseases | MESH:D012140 |
| 88 | 2354-2363 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
| 89 | 2368-2373 | Disease | denotes | death | MESH:D003643 |
| 95 | 2469-2484 | Species | denotes | new coronavirus | Tax:2697049 |
| 96 | 2730-2738 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 97 | 2862-2872 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 98 | 2426-2435 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
| 99 | 2598-2607 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
| 106 | 2988-2998 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 107 | 3068-3076 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 108 | 3117-3127 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 109 | 3138-3145 | Species | denotes | BetaCoV | Tax:694002 |
| 110 | 3026-3056 | Disease | denotes | 2019 novel coronavirus disease | MESH:C000657245 |
| 111 | 3058-3066 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 115 | 3319-3327 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 116 | 3338-3348 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 117 | 3690-3698 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 119 | 3869-3877 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
| 131 | 5031-5039 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 132 | 5589-5599 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 133 | 5152-5160 | Chemical | denotes | Nystadin | |
| 134 | 5162-5172 | Chemical | denotes | penicillin | MESH:D010406 |
| 135 | 5173-5185 | Chemical | denotes | streptomycin | MESH:D013307 |
| 136 | 5335-5338 | Chemical | denotes | CO2 | MESH:D002245 |
| 137 | 5345-5379 | Chemical | denotes | Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium | |
| 138 | 5381-5385 | Chemical | denotes | DMEM | |
| 139 | 5431-5441 | Chemical | denotes | penicillin | MESH:D010406 |
| 140 | 5442-5454 | Chemical | denotes | streptomycin | MESH:D013307 |
| 141 | 5022-5030 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 143 | 6118-6128 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 146 | 6427-6432 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
| 147 | 6444-6455 | Species | denotes | coronavirus | Tax:11118 |
| 159 | 6864-6880 | Chemical | denotes | paraformaldehyde | MESH:C003043 |
| 160 | 6890-6904 | Chemical | denotes | glutaraldehyde | MESH:D005976 |
| 161 | 6914-6923 | Chemical | denotes | phosphate | MESH:D010710 |
| 162 | 7169-7185 | Chemical | denotes | osmium tetroxide | MESH:D009993 |
| 163 | 7224-7229 | Chemical | denotes | water | MESH:D014867 |
| 164 | 7335-7342 | Chemical | denotes | ethanol | MESH:D000431 |
| 165 | 7437-7452 | Chemical | denotes | propylene oxide | MESH:C009068 |
| 166 | 7657-7663 | Chemical | denotes | nickel | MESH:D009532 |
| 167 | 7697-7711 | Chemical | denotes | uranyl acetate | MESH:C005460 |
| 168 | 6978-6986 | Disease | denotes | infected | MESH:D007239 |
| 169 | 7397-7408 | Disease | denotes | dehydration | MESH:D003681 |
| 171 | 8942-8953 | Species | denotes | Coronavirus | Tax:11118 |
| 183 | 9534-9539 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
| 184 | 9551-9564 | Species | denotes | coronaviruses | Tax:11118 |
| 185 | 9699-9709 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 186 | 9731-9734 | Species | denotes | CoV | Tax:11118 |
| 187 | 9740-9745 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
| 188 | 9746-9754 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
| 189 | 9865-9875 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 190 | 9941-9951 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 191 | 9983-9990 | Species | denotes | BetaCoV | Tax:694002 |
| 192 | 9582-9617 | Disease | denotes | IVDC-HB-01/2019(GISAID accession ID | MESH:C000657245 |
| 193 | 10074-10093 | Disease | denotes | GISAID accession ID | MESH:C537985 |
| 209 | 10274-10284 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 210 | 10312-10319 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
| 211 | 10410-10417 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
| 212 | 10521-10531 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 213 | 10646-10656 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 214 | 10698-10703 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
| 215 | 10777-10784 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
| 216 | 10812-10817 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
| 217 | 10973-10983 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 218 | 10163-10171 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 219 | 10399-10404 | Disease | denotes | fever | MESH:D005334 |
| 220 | 10447-10455 | Disease | denotes | coughing | MESH:D003371 |
| 221 | 10790-10799 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
| 222 | 10576-10583 | CellLine | denotes | Caco-II | CVCL:0025 |
| 223 | 11004-11011 | CellLine | denotes | Caco-II | CVCL:0025 |
| 238 | 11189-11206 | Species | denotes | novel coronavirus | Tax:2697049 |
| 239 | 11255-11265 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 240 | 11278-11283 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
| 241 | 11284-11297 | Species | denotes | coronaviruses | Tax:11118 |
| 242 | 11303-11307 | Species | denotes | CoVs | Tax:11118 |
| 243 | 11316-11326 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 244 | 11503-11518 | Species | denotes | new coronavirus | Tax:2697049 |
| 245 | 11520-11530 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 246 | 11549-11564 | Species | denotes | betacoronavirus | Tax:694002 |
| 247 | 11763-11766 | Species | denotes | CoV | Tax:11118 |
| 248 | 11785-11793 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV | Tax:694009 |
| 249 | 11809-11817 | Species | denotes | MERS-CoV | Tax:1335626 |
| 250 | 11926-11933 | Species | denotes | BetaCoV | Tax:694002 |
| 251 | 11691-11726 | Disease | denotes | IVDC-HB-01/2019(GISAID accession ID | MESH:C000657245 |
| 264 | 12124-12134 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 265 | 12204-12207 | Species | denotes | CoV | Tax:11118 |
| 266 | 12240-12250 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 267 | 12269-12272 | Species | denotes | CoV | Tax:11118 |
| 268 | 12292-12297 | Species | denotes | human | Tax:9606 |
| 269 | 12298-12311 | Species | denotes | coronaviruses | Tax:11118 |
| 270 | 12331-12344 | Species | denotes | coronaviruses | Tax:11118 |
| 271 | 12396-12406 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 272 | 12493-12501 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 273 | 12173-12182 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
| 274 | 12484-12492 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 275 | 12531-12539 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 322 | 13064-13074 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 323 | 13120-13130 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 329 | 13221-13231 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 330 | 13316-13326 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 331 | 13207-13215 | Disease | denotes | infected | MESH:D007239 |
| 332 | 13302-13310 | Disease | denotes | infected | MESH:D007239 |
| 333 | 13367-13376 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 339 | 13526-13536 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 340 | 13714-13724 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 341 | 13735-13748 | Species | denotes | coronaviruses | Tax:11118 |
| 342 | 13771-13781 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 343 | 13786-13793 | Species | denotes | BetaCoV | Tax:694002 |
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 517-540 | Body_part | denotes | lower respiratory tract | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45662 |
| T2 | 617-622 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T3 | 650-656 | Body_part | denotes | genome | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116 |
| T4 | 763-768 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T5 | 812-818 | Body_part | denotes | genome | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116 |
| T6 | 852-858 | Body_part | denotes | genome | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116 |
| T7 | 1181-1186 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T8 | 1399-1402 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T9 | 1454-1457 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T10 | 1655-1662 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T11 | 2967-2973 | Body_part | denotes | genome | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116 |
| T12 | 3090-3094 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T13 | 3215-3218 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T14 | 3272-3278 | Body_part | denotes | sputum | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma312401 |
| T15 | 3394-3397 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T16 | 3454-3457 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T17 | 3850-3853 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T18 | 3919-3922 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T19 | 3933-3936 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T20 | 3948-3952 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T21 | 4165-4169 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T22 | 4388-4391 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T23 | 5280-5285 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T24 | 5303-5308 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T25 | 5421-5426 | Body_part | denotes | serum | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083 |
| T26 | 5531-5535 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T27 | 5796-5802 | Body_part | denotes | genome | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116 |
| T28 | 5858-5861 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T29 | 5890-5894 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T30 | 6129-6132 | Body_part | denotes | DNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412 |
| T31 | 6303-6309 | Body_part | denotes | genome | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116 |
| T32 | 6335-6339 | Body_part | denotes | Gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T33 | 6824-6829 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T34 | 6972-6977 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T35 | 7897-7902 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T36 | 7933-7938 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T37 | 8129-8134 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T38 | 8191-8196 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T39 | 8287-8290 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T40 | 8310-8314 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T41 | 8724-8728 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T42 | 8852-8861 | Body_part | denotes | cytoplasm | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66835 |
| T43 | 8888-8893 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T44 | 9089-9099 | Body_part | denotes | organelles | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63832 |
| T45 | 9141-9147 | Body_part | denotes | genome | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116 |
| T46 | 9192-9197 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T47 | 9249-9252 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T48 | 9293-9297 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T49 | 9318-9321 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T50 | 9365-9369 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T51 | 9489-9493 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T52 | 9508-9512 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T53 | 10030-10034 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T54 | 10461-10467 | Body_part | denotes | sputum | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma312401 |
| T55 | 10557-10562 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T56 | 10584-10589 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T57 | 10612-10617 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T58 | 10711-10727 | Body_part | denotes | epithelial cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66768 |
| T59 | 10722-10727 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T60 | 10825-10841 | Body_part | denotes | epithelial cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66768 |
| T61 | 10836-10841 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T62 | 10904-10914 | Body_part | denotes | epithelium | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9639 |
| T63 | 10995-11000 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T64 | 11012-11017 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T65 | 11090-11094 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T66 | 12552-12556 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T67 | 13083-13088 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T68 | 13110-13115 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T69 | 13142-13147 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T70 | 13201-13206 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T71 | 13296-13301 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T72 | 13328-13333 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T73 | 13551-13557 | Body_part | denotes | genome | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116 |
| T74 | 13558-13568 | Body_part | denotes | nucleotide | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82740 |
| T75 | 13697-13701 | Body_part | denotes | Gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
| T76 | 13754-13758 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 517-540 | Body_part | denotes | lower respiratory tract | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001558 |
| T2 | 523-540 | Body_part | denotes | respiratory tract | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065 |
| T3 | 1987-1993 | Body_part | denotes | organs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062 |
| T4 | 3272-3278 | Body_part | denotes | sputum | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007311 |
| T5 | 5421-5426 | Body_part | denotes | serum | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977 |
| T6 | 10461-10467 | Body_part | denotes | sputum | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007311 |
| T7 | 10904-10914 | Body_part | denotes | epithelium | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000483 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 68-76 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T2 | 145-154 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
| T3 | 251-259 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T4 | 313-321 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T5 | 379-387 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T6 | 587-595 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T7 | 911-919 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T8 | 1018-1026 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T9 | 1034-1042 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T10 | 1200-1208 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T11 | 1264-1273 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
| T12 | 2054-2063 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T13 | 2176-2209 | Disease | denotes | severe acute respiratory syndrome | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T14 | 2223-2231 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T15 | 2325-2345 | Disease | denotes | respiratory diseases | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005087 |
| T16 | 2354-2363 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
| T17 | 2426-2435 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
| T18 | 2598-2607 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
| T19 | 2862-2870 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T20 | 2988-2996 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T21 | 3058-3066 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T22 | 3117-3125 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T23 | 3338-3346 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T24 | 3690-3698 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T25 | 3869-3877 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T26 | 5022-5030 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T27 | 5589-5597 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T28 | 6118-6126 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T29 | 6371-6374 | Disease | denotes | CLC | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004315 |
| T30 | 6513-6522 | Disease | denotes | Influenza | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812 |
| T31 | 9699-9707 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T32 | 9721-9725 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T33 | 9746-9754 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T34 | 9865-9873 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T35 | 9941-9949 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T36 | 10163-10171 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T37 | 10274-10282 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T38 | 10521-10529 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T39 | 10646-10654 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T40 | 10790-10799 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
| T41 | 10973-10981 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T42 | 11255-11263 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T43 | 11316-11324 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T44 | 11520-11528 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T45 | 11785-11793 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T46 | 12124-12132 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T47 | 12173-12182 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
| T48 | 12240-12248 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T49 | 12396-12404 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T50 | 12484-12492 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T51 | 12531-12539 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T52 | 13064-13072 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T53 | 13120-13128 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T54 | 13221-13229 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T55 | 13316-13324 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T56 | 13367-13376 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T57 | 13526-13534 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T58 | 13714-13722 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T59 | 13771-13779 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 44-45 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T2 | 87-97 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000030 | denotes | Objectives |
| T3 | 342-354 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 | denotes | Organization |
| T4 | 517-540 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001558 | denotes | lower respiratory tract |
| T5 | 617-622 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T6 | 638-643 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T7 | 718-723 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T8 | 738-743 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T9 | 758-762 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 | denotes | Vero |
| T10 | 758-762 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 | denotes | Vero |
| T11 | 763-768 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T12 | 846-851 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T13 | 1161-1166 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T14 | 1176-1180 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 | denotes | Vero |
| T15 | 1176-1180 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 | denotes | Vero |
| T16 | 1181-1186 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T17 | 1324-1329 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T18 | 1403-1408 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T19 | 1475-1477 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 | denotes | 27 |
| T20 | 1481-1483 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007074 | denotes | kb |
| T21 | 1481-1483 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051988 | denotes | kb |
| T22 | 1672-1673 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T23 | 1755-1760 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T24 | 1780-1781 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T25 | 1812-1818 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | humans |
| T26 | 1979-1993 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003133 | denotes | genital organs |
| T27 | 2067-2073 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | humans |
| T28 | 2467-2468 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T29 | 2571-2572 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T30 | 2889-2890 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T31 | 2934-2936 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 | denotes | 11 |
| T32 | 3090-3094 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
| T33 | 3439-3440 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T34 | 3569-3570 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T35 | 3799-3800 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T36 | 3948-3952 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T37 | 4165-4169 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T38 | 4338-4339 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T39 | 4880-4890 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 | denotes | instrument |
| T40 | 4923-4928 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | Virus |
| T41 | 4943-4948 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T42 | 5186-5189 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 | denotes | 1:1 |
| T43 | 5200-5204 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001757 | denotes | at 1 |
| T44 | 5241-5244 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001387 | denotes | 4°C |
| T45 | 5275-5279 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 | denotes | Vero |
| T46 | 5275-5279 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 | denotes | Vero |
| T47 | 5280-5285 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T48 | 5298-5302 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 | denotes | Vero |
| T49 | 5298-5302 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 | denotes | Vero |
| T50 | 5303-5308 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T51 | 5329-5333 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002131 | denotes | C, 5 |
| T52 | 5456-5461 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | Virus |
| T53 | 5531-5535 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T54 | 5617-5618 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T55 | 5881-5894 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000010 | denotes | cultured cell |
| T56 | 5915-5920 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T57 | 5937-5938 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T58 | 6029-6034 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | genes |
| T59 | 6289-6290 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T60 | 6335-6339 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | Gene |
| T61 | 6371-6374 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002494 | denotes | CLC |
| T62 | 6427-6432 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
| T63 | 6437-6443 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 | denotes | animal |
| T64 | 6824-6829 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T65 | 6972-6977 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T66 | 6992-6997 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T67 | 7231-7233 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0037161 | denotes | en |
| T68 | 7538-7540 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001382 | denotes | 48 |
| T69 | 7646-7647 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T70 | 7745-7746 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T71 | 7871-7876 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | Virus |
| T72 | 7892-7896 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 | denotes | Vero |
| T73 | 7892-7896 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 | denotes | Vero |
| T74 | 7897-7902 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T75 | 7928-7932 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 | denotes | Vero |
| T76 | 7928-7932 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 | denotes | Vero |
| T77 | 7933-7938 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T78 | 8129-8134 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T79 | 8191-8196 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T80 | 8227-8232 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | Virus |
| T81 | 8310-8314 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
| T82 | 8548-8553 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T83 | 8724-8728 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
| T84 | 8788-8793 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T85 | 8839-8844 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T86 | 8888-8893 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T87 | 8988-8993 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | Virus |
| T88 | 9037-9042 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T89 | 9059-9060 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T90 | 9075-9099 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043229 | denotes | intracellular organelles |
| T91 | 9192-9197 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T92 | 9276-9281 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T93 | 9293-9297 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cell |
| T94 | 9365-9369 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T95 | 9489-9493 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T96 | 9508-9512 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T97 | 9534-9539 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
| T98 | 9544-9550 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 | denotes | animal |
| T99 | 9587-9589 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0003622 | denotes | HB |
| T100 | 9634-9637 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001053 | denotes | 121 |
| T101 | 9710-9715 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | genes |
| T102 | 9740-9745 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
| T103 | 9967-9972 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T104 | 10030-10034 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T105 | 10233-10234 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T106 | 10303-10304 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T107 | 10557-10562 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T108 | 10564-10568 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 | denotes | Vero |
| T109 | 10564-10568 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 | denotes | Vero |
| T110 | 10584-10589 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T111 | 10607-10611 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 | denotes | Vero |
| T112 | 10607-10611 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 | denotes | Vero |
| T113 | 10612-10617 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T114 | 10698-10703 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
| T115 | 10704-10710 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001005 | denotes | airway |
| T116 | 10711-10721 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066 | denotes | epithelial |
| T117 | 10722-10727 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T118 | 10775-10776 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T119 | 10812-10817 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
| T120 | 10818-10824 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001005 | denotes | airway |
| T121 | 10825-10835 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066 | denotes | epithelial |
| T122 | 10836-10841 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T123 | 10904-10914 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000483 | denotes | epithelium |
| T124 | 10990-10994 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 | denotes | Vero |
| T125 | 10990-10994 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 | denotes | Vero |
| T126 | 10995-11000 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T127 | 11012-11017 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T128 | 11090-11100 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0000031 | denotes | cell lines |
| T129 | 11114-11119 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T130 | 11278-11283 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
| T131 | 11405-11406 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T132 | 11696-11698 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0003622 | denotes | HB |
| T133 | 11759-11762 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 | denotes | bat |
| T134 | 11768-11771 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 | denotes | bat |
| T135 | 12031-12034 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T136 | 12200-12203 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9596 | denotes | pan |
| T137 | 12265-12268 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9596 | denotes | Pan |
| T138 | 12292-12297 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 | denotes | human |
| T139 | 12316-12322 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 | denotes | animal |
| T140 | 12417-12418 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T141 | 12443-12446 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T142 | 12552-12556 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
| T143 | 12659-12664 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | tests |
| T144 | 12686-12691 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | tests |
| T145 | 12707-12712 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T146 | 12890-12892 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007860 | denotes | Mr |
| T147 | 12915-12918 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000990 | denotes | CDC |
| T148 | 13078-13082 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 | denotes | Vero |
| T149 | 13078-13082 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 | denotes | Vero |
| T150 | 13083-13088 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T151 | 13091-13092 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T152 | 13110-13115 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T153 | 13117-13118 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 | denotes | B |
| T154 | 13142-13147 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T155 | 13196-13200 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 | denotes | Vero |
| T156 | 13196-13200 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 | denotes | Vero |
| T157 | 13201-13206 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T158 | 13291-13295 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 | denotes | Vero |
| T159 | 13291-13295 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 | denotes | Vero |
| T160 | 13296-13301 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T161 | 13328-13333 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
| T162 | 13352-13354 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001382 | denotes | 48 |
| T163 | 13694-13695 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T164 | 13697-13701 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | Gene |
| T165 | 13751-13752 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 | denotes | B |
| T166 | 13754-13758 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 672-680 | Chemical | denotes | electron | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545 |
| T2 | 1138-1146 | Chemical | denotes | electron | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545 |
| T3 | 1552-1557 | Chemical | denotes | alpha | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30216 |
| T4 | 1559-1563 | Chemical | denotes | beta | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545 |
| T5 | 1576-1581 | Chemical | denotes | gamma | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30212 |
| T6 | 1655-1662 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
| T7 | 1689-1694 | Chemical | denotes | crown | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37409 |
| T8 | 1724-1732 | Chemical | denotes | electron | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545 |
| T9 | 3894-3899 | Chemical | denotes | probe | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50406 |
| T10 | 4098-4103 | Chemical | denotes | 5-FAM | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51617 |
| T11 | 4138-4143 | Chemical | denotes | probe | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50406 |
| T12 | 4316-4321 | Chemical | denotes | 5-FAM | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51617 |
| T13 | 4417-4423 | Chemical | denotes | buffer | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35225 |
| T14 | 4537-4544 | Chemical | denotes | mixture | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60004 |
| T15 | 4611-4616 | Chemical | denotes | probe | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50406 |
| T16 | 5139-5150 | Chemical | denotes | antibiotics | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281 |
| T17 | 5162-5172 | Chemical | denotes | penicillin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17334|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51356 |
| T19 | 5173-5185 | Chemical | denotes | streptomycin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17076|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58007 |
| T21 | 5335-5338 | Chemical | denotes | CO2 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16526 |
| T22 | 5431-5441 | Chemical | denotes | penicillin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17334|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51356 |
| T24 | 5442-5454 | Chemical | denotes | streptomycin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17076|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58007 |
| T26 | 5551-5559 | Chemical | denotes | electron | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545 |
| T27 | 6129-6132 | Chemical | denotes | DNA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991 |
| T28 | 6205-6207 | Chemical | denotes | PE | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16038|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17553|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74762 |
| T31 | 6751-6759 | Chemical | denotes | electron | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545 |
| T32 | 6788-6796 | Chemical | denotes | electron | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545 |
| T33 | 6890-6904 | Chemical | denotes | glutaraldehyde | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64276 |
| T34 | 6914-6923 | Chemical | denotes | phosphate | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18367|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26020|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35780|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43474 |
| T38 | 6924-6930 | Chemical | denotes | buffer | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35225 |
| T39 | 7111-7117 | Chemical | denotes | buffer | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35225 |
| T40 | 7128-7136 | Chemical | denotes | fixative | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50913 |
| T41 | 7137-7145 | Chemical | denotes | solution | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75958 |
| T42 | 7169-7185 | Chemical | denotes | osmium tetroxide | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_88215 |
| T43 | 7169-7175 | Chemical | denotes | osmium | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30687 |
| T44 | 7224-7229 | Chemical | denotes | water | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377 |
| T45 | 7231-7233 | Chemical | denotes | en | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30347 |
| T46 | 7280-7287 | Chemical | denotes | acetate | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30089|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_47622 |
| T48 | 7335-7342 | Chemical | denotes | ethanol | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236 |
| T49 | 7437-7452 | Chemical | denotes | propylene oxide | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38685 |
| T50 | 7437-7446 | Chemical | denotes | propylene | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16052 |
| T51 | 7447-7452 | Chemical | denotes | oxide | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29356 |
| T53 | 7657-7663 | Chemical | denotes | nickel | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28112 |
| T54 | 7704-7711 | Chemical | denotes | acetate | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30089|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_47622 |
| T56 | 7760-7768 | Chemical | denotes | electron | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545 |
| T57 | 8797-8805 | Chemical | denotes | electron | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545 |
| T58 | 8910-8918 | Chemical | denotes | electron | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545 |
| T59 | 9615-9617 | Chemical | denotes | ID | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141439 |
| T60 | 10091-10093 | Chemical | denotes | ID | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141439 |
| T61 | 10581-10583 | Chemical | denotes | II | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067 |
| T62 | 11009-11011 | Chemical | denotes | II | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067 |
| T63 | 11724-11726 | Chemical | denotes | ID | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141439 |
| T64 | 11772-11774 | Chemical | denotes | SL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74815 |
| T65 | 13172-13180 | Chemical | denotes | electron | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545 |
| T66 | 13396-13404 | Chemical | denotes | electron | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545 |
| T67 | 13558-13568 | Chemical | denotes | nucleotide | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36976 |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 541-550 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046903 | denotes | secretion |
| T2 | 3370-3383 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 | denotes | transcriptase |
| T3 | 3370-3383 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003899 | denotes | transcriptase |
| T4 | 4627-4648 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 | denotes | Reverse transcription |
| T5 | 4635-4648 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351 | denotes | transcription |
| T6 | 4727-4740 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 | denotes | transcriptase |
| T7 | 4727-4740 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003899 | denotes | transcriptase |
| T8 | 5817-5830 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 | denotes | transcriptase |
| T9 | 5817-5830 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003899 | denotes | transcriptase |
| T10 | 6955-6964 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097264 | denotes | autolysis |
| T11 | 6955-6964 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001896 | denotes | autolysis |
2_test
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 32149036-30531947-81764444 | 1597-1598 | 30531947 | denotes | 1 |
| 32149036-24737708-81764445 | 1745-1746 | 24737708 | denotes | 3 |
| 32149036-31522710-81764446 | 1747-1748 | 31522710 | denotes | 4 |
| 32149036-30531947-81764447 | 1995-1996 | 30531947 | denotes | 1 |
| 32149036-29551135-81764448 | 2375-2376 | 29551135 | denotes | 5 |
| 32149036-27344959-81764449 | 2377-2378 | 27344959 | denotes | 6 |
| 32149036-32004758-81764450 | 2540-2541 | 32004758 | denotes | 7 |
| 32149036-31953166-81764451 | 2791-2792 | 31953166 | denotes | 8 |
| 32149036-32035511-81764451 | 2791-2792 | 32035511 | denotes | 8 |
| 32149036-26235643-81764452 | 7850-7852 | 26235643 | denotes | 13 |
| 32149036-19844604-81764452 | 7850-7852 | 19844604 | denotes | 13 |
| 32149036-31978945-81764453 | 10801-10803 | 31978945 | denotes | 16 |
LitCovid-sentences
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 0-76 | Sentence | denotes | Identification of Coronavirus Isolated from a Patient in Korea with COVID-19 |
| T2 | 78-86 | Sentence | denotes | Abstract |
| T3 | 87-97 | Sentence | denotes | Objectives |
| T4 | 98-355 | Sentence | denotes | Following reports of patients with unexplained pneumonia at the end of December 2019 in Wuhan, China, the causative agent was identified as coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), and the 2019 novel coronavirus disease was named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization. |
| T5 | 356-497 | Sentence | denotes | Putative patients with COVID-19 have been identified in South Korea, and attempts have been made to isolate the pathogen from these patients. |
| T6 | 499-506 | Sentence | denotes | Methods |
| T7 | 507-644 | Sentence | denotes | Upper and lower respiratory tract secretion samples from putative patients with COVID-19 were inoculated onto cells to isolate the virus. |
| T8 | 645-724 | Sentence | denotes | Full genome sequencing and electron microscopy were used to identify the virus. |
| T9 | 726-733 | Sentence | denotes | Results |
| T10 | 734-806 | Sentence | denotes | The virus replicated in Vero cells and cytopathic effects were observed. |
| T11 | 807-996 | Sentence | denotes | Full genome sequencing showed that the virus genome exhibited sequence homology of more than 99.9% with SARS-CoV-2 which was isolated from patients from other countries, for instance China. |
| T12 | 997-1089 | Sentence | denotes | Sequence homology of SARS-CoV-2 with SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV was 77.5% and 50%, respectively. |
| T13 | 1090-1187 | Sentence | denotes | Coronavirus-specific morphology was observed by electron microscopy in virus-infected Vero cells. |
| T14 | 1189-1199 | Sentence | denotes | Conclusion |
| T15 | 1200-1310 | Sentence | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 was isolated from putative patients with unexplained pneumonia and intermittent coughing and fever. |
| T16 | 1311-1366 | Sentence | denotes | The isolated virus was named BetaCoV/Korea/KCDC03/2020. |
| T17 | 1368-1380 | Sentence | denotes | Introduction |
| T18 | 1381-1484 | Sentence | denotes | Coronavirus is an RNA virus consisting of positive-sense single-stranded RNA of approximately 27–32 kb. |
| T19 | 1485-1602 | Sentence | denotes | Coronavirus belong to the family Coronaviridae, which comprises of alpha, beta, delta, and gamma coronaviruses [1,2]. |
| T20 | 1603-1750 | Sentence | denotes | As the name indicates, the spherical external spike protein displays a characteristic crown shape when observed under an electron microscope [3,4]. |
| T21 | 1751-1845 | Sentence | denotes | The virus is known to infect a wide range of hosts including humans, other mammals, and birds. |
| T22 | 1846-2000 | Sentence | denotes | Infected hosts exhibit different clinical courses, ranging from asymptomatic to severe symptoms in their respiratory, digestive, and genital organs [1,2]. |
| T23 | 2001-2074 | Sentence | denotes | There are 6 known coronaviruses that typically cause infection in humans. |
| T24 | 2075-2380 | Sentence | denotes | Among these, coronavirus 229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1 generally cause mild cold-like symptoms, whereas severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003, and Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, caused severe respiratory diseases such as pneumonia and death [5,6]. |
| T25 | 2381-2543 | Sentence | denotes | Following the first outbreaks of unexplained pneumonia in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, a new coronavirus was identified as the causative agent in January 2020 [7]. |
| T26 | 2544-2663 | Sentence | denotes | As of February 11th, 2020, a total of 45,000 cases of pneumonia, have been reported from 26 countries, including China. |
| T27 | 2664-2797 | Sentence | denotes | Approximately 96.8% of all cases have been reported in China, and patients in the Hubei province account for 75% of all cases [8–10]. |
| T28 | 2798-2938 | Sentence | denotes | In Korea, the first case was reported on January 20, 2020, when SARS-CoV-2 was detected in a traveler entering Korea from Wuhan, China [11]. |
| T29 | 2939-3103 | Sentence | denotes | This study reports the full genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from putative the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients in Korea, by cell culture. |
| T30 | 3104-3164 | Sentence | denotes | The isolated SARS-CoV-2 was named BetaCoV/Korea/KCDC03/2020. |
| T31 | 3166-3187 | Sentence | denotes | Materials and Methods |
| T32 | 3189-3191 | Sentence | denotes | 1. |
| T33 | 3192-3229 | Sentence | denotes | Clinical specimens and RNA extraction |
| T34 | 3230-3393 | Sentence | denotes | Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab and sputum samples were collected from symptomatic patients to detect SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. |
| T35 | 3394-3535 | Sentence | denotes | RNA was extracted from clinical samples with a QIAamp viral RNA mini kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) following the manufacturer’s instructions. |
| T36 | 3536-3699 | Sentence | denotes | All specimens were handled under a biosafety cabinet according to laboratory biosafety guidelines of Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for COVID-19. |
| T37 | 3701-3703 | Sentence | denotes | 2. |
| T38 | 3704-3720 | Sentence | denotes | Real-time RT-PCR |
| T39 | 3721-3878 | Sentence | denotes | The optimal concentration of primers and probes, which were synthesized using a published sequence [12], was determined with the RNA transcripts of SARS-CoV. |
| T40 | 3879-3968 | Sentence | denotes | The primer and probe sequences used for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene detection were: |
| T41 | 3969-4185 | Sentence | denotes | 5′-GTGARATGGTCATGTGTGGCGG-3′ (Forward), 5′-CARATGTTAAASACACTATTAGCATA-3′ (Reverse) and 5′-CAGGTGGAACCTCATCAGGAGATGC-3′ (Probe in 5-FAM/3′-BHQ format) and the primer and probe sequences used for E gene detection were: |
| T42 | 4186-4337 | Sentence | denotes | 5′-ACAGGTACGTTAATAGTTAATAGCGT-3′ (Forward), 5′-ATATTGCAGCAGTACGCACACA-3′ (Reverse) and 5′-ACACTAGCCATCCTTACTGCGCTTCG-3′ (Probe in 5-FAM/3′-BHQ format). |
| T43 | 4338-4626 | Sentence | denotes | A 25-μL reaction was setup that contained 5 μL of RNA, 12.5 μL of 2 × reaction buffer provided with the Agpath IDTM 1 step RT-PCR system (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA), 1 μL of 25 × enzyme mixture, 1 μL of forward and reverse primers at 10 pM, and 0.5 μL of each probe at 10 pM. |
| T44 | 4627-4764 | Sentence | denotes | Reverse transcription was performed at 50°C for 30 minutes, followed by inactivation of the reverse transcriptase at 95°C for 10 minutes. |
| T45 | 4765-4918 | Sentence | denotes | PCR amplification was performed with 40 cycles at 95°C for 15 seconds and 60°C for 1 minute using an ABI 7500 Fast instrument (Thermo Fisher Scientific). |
| T46 | 4920-4922 | Sentence | denotes | 3. |
| T47 | 4923-4938 | Sentence | denotes | Virus isolation |
| T48 | 4939-5040 | Sentence | denotes | The virus was isolated from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples from putative COVID-19 patients. |
| T49 | 5041-5286 | Sentence | denotes | Oropharyngeal samples were diluted with viral transfer medium containing nasopharyngeal swabs and antibiotics (Nystadin, penicillin-streptomycin 1:1 dilution) at 1:4 ratio and incubated for 1 hour at 4°C, before being inoculated onto Vero cells. |
| T50 | 5287-5455 | Sentence | denotes | Inoculated Vero cells were cultured at 37°C, 5% CO2 in 1× Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum and penicillin-streptomycin. |
| T51 | 5456-5571 | Sentence | denotes | Virus replication and isolation were confirmed through cytopathic effects, gene detection, and electron microscopy. |
| T52 | 5572-5743 | Sentence | denotes | Viral culture of SARS-CoV-2 was conducted in a biosafety Level-3 facility according to laboratory biosafety guidelines of Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. |
| T53 | 5745-5747 | Sentence | denotes | 4. |
| T54 | 5748-5802 | Sentence | denotes | Next generation sequencing of viral full-length genome |
| T55 | 5803-5936 | Sentence | denotes | Using reverse transcriptase, cDNA was synthesized from RNA extracted from the cultured cell medium in which the virus was replicated. |
| T56 | 5937-6142 | Sentence | denotes | A next generation sequencing (NGS) library was constructed after amplifying the full-length genes of the isolates using the synthesized cDNA and primers designed based on published SARS-CoV-2 DNA sequence. |
| T57 | 6143-6208 | Sentence | denotes | The prepared library was purified and analyzed with Miseq 150 PE. |
| T58 | 6209-6310 | Sentence | denotes | De novo assembly was performed on the sequenced product using Megahit to secure a full-length genome. |
| T59 | 6312-6314 | Sentence | denotes | 5. |
| T60 | 6315-6334 | Sentence | denotes | Sequencing analysis |
| T61 | 6335-6396 | Sentence | denotes | Gene sequencing was performed using CLC Main Workbench 7.9.1. |
| T62 | 6397-6554 | Sentence | denotes | Alignment was conducted using human and animal coronavirus sequences registered in Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) and NCBI GenBank. |
| T63 | 6555-6733 | Sentence | denotes | The phylogenetic tree was analyzed using MEGA6 with the neighbor-joining method, maximum composite likelihood-parameter distance matrix, and bootstrap values of 1,000 replicates. |
| T64 | 6735-6737 | Sentence | denotes | 6. |
| T65 | 6738-6770 | Sentence | denotes | Transmission electron microscopy |
| T66 | 6771-6998 | Sentence | denotes | For transmission electron microscopy, the inoculated cells were prefixed by incubating in 2% paraformaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) to prevent the autolysis of the cells infected with virus. |
| T67 | 6999-7186 | Sentence | denotes | To minimize the chemical reaction between pre- and post-fixation, the slides were washed 3 times using the same buffer as in the fixative solution and post-fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide. |
| T68 | 7187-7288 | Sentence | denotes | After washing 3 times with deionized water, en bloc staining was performed using 0.5% uranyl acetate. |
| T69 | 7289-7453 | Sentence | denotes | Thereafter, 30%, 50%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% ethanol were used sequentially in ascending concentration for dehydration, which was substituted with propylene oxide. |
| T70 | 7454-7547 | Sentence | denotes | The slides were then embedded in Epon812 plastic resin, and polymerized at 70°C for 48 hours. |
| T71 | 7548-7712 | Sentence | denotes | The prepared plastic block was cut to 70-nm thick sections using an ultramicrotome and mounted on a 100-mesh nickel grid, and electrostained with 5% uranyl acetate. |
| T72 | 7713-7857 | Sentence | denotes | The sections were observed with a transmission electron microscope (Libra120, Carl Zeiss, Germany) at an acceleration voltage of 120 kV [13–15]. |
| T73 | 7859-7866 | Sentence | denotes | Results |
| T74 | 7868-7870 | Sentence | denotes | 1. |
| T75 | 7871-7902 | Sentence | denotes | Virus isolation from Vero cells |
| T76 | 7903-8113 | Sentence | denotes | Following inoculation of Vero cells with the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples, they were observed at 24-hour intervals, and the cytopathic effects were observed from 3 days after inoculation (Figure 1). |
| T77 | 8114-8226 | Sentence | denotes | The inoculated cells were harvested on the 4th day when more than 80% of the cells exhibited cytopathic effects. |
| T78 | 8227-8330 | Sentence | denotes | Virus replication was confirmed using real-time RT-PCR with RNA extracted from the cell culture medium. |
| T79 | 8331-8533 | Sentence | denotes | The Ct values were 14.40 and 18.26 for the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples, respectively, which were lower than the cycle threshold (Ct) values of 20.85 and 21.85 in the pre-inoculated samples. |
| T80 | 8534-8750 | Sentence | denotes | The number of virus copies in the samples before inoculation was 7.6 × 108 and 3.9 × 108 copy/mL, respectively, and increased by 10–70-fold to 5.4 × 1010 and 4.2 × 109, respectively, in the cell culture supernatants. |
| T81 | 8752-8754 | Sentence | denotes | 2. |
| T82 | 8755-8817 | Sentence | denotes | Analysis of the structure of the virus by electron micrographs |
| T83 | 8818-8941 | Sentence | denotes | The structure of the virus in the cytoplasm of 3-day post-inoculation cells was examined by electron microscopy (Figure 2). |
| T84 | 8942-8987 | Sentence | denotes | Coronavirus-specific morphology was observed. |
| T85 | 8988-9124 | Sentence | denotes | Virus particle size ranged from 70–90 nm and the virus was observed in a wide range of intracellular organelles, especially in vesicles. |
| T86 | 9126-9128 | Sentence | denotes | 3. |
| T87 | 9129-9173 | Sentence | denotes | Full-length genome and phylogenetic analysis |
| T88 | 9174-9313 | Sentence | denotes | After inoculating cells with the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples, RNA was extracted from the virus-replicated cell culture medium. |
| T89 | 9314-9414 | Sentence | denotes | The RNA was amplified with primers for full-length gene analysis, and NGS was performed using Miseq. |
| T90 | 9415-9494 | Sentence | denotes | De novo assembly of the NGS sequence secured 28,818 bp of the full-length gene. |
| T91 | 9495-9766 | Sentence | denotes | The acquired gene was compared with 57 human and animal coronaviruses, including Wuhan/IVDC-HB-01/2019(GISAID accession ID: EPI_ISL_402119~121), which was first reported in Wuhan, 54 reported full-length SARS-CoV-2 genes, Bat-SARS-like CoV, and human SARS-CoV (Figure 3). |
| T92 | 9767-9962 | Sentence | denotes | The analysis showed that the sequence was included in the same cluster as the previously reported SARS-CoV-2 sequence and showed high homology of > 99.5% with other isolated SARS-CoV-2 sequences. |
| T93 | 9963-10111 | Sentence | denotes | The virus was named BetaCoV/Korea/KCDC03/2020, and its full-length gene sequence was registered in WHO GISAID (GISAID accession ID: EPI_ISL_407193). |
| T94 | 10113-10123 | Sentence | denotes | Discussion |
| T95 | 10124-10269 | Sentence | denotes | As of February 12th, 2020, 28 cases of COVID-19 have been reported in Korea, with the first case observed in a traveler residing in Wuhan, China. |
| T96 | 10270-10405 | Sentence | denotes | The SARS-CoV-2 was isolated from a Korean patient who had self-administered antipyretics for initial symptoms such as chills and fever. |
| T97 | 10406-10516 | Sentence | denotes | The patient had experienced intermittent coughing with sputum 3 days after the administration of antipyretics. |
| T98 | 10517-10635 | Sentence | denotes | The SARS-CoV-2 could replicate in other cells (Vero E6 and Caco-II cells), in addition to Vero cells (data not shown). |
| T99 | 10636-10805 | Sentence | denotes | The first SARS-CoV-2 was successfully isolated by inoculating human airway epithelial cells with bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid samples from a patient with pneumonia [16]. |
| T100 | 10806-11037 | Sentence | denotes | Since human airway epithelial cells (because of their resemblance to pseudostratified mucociliary epithelium) require 4–6 weeks to differentiate in vivo, isolation of SARS-CoV-2 using Vero cells or Caco-II cells is more convenient. |
| T101 | 11038-11158 | Sentence | denotes | Further studies are needed to select more sensitive cell lines suitable for virus isolation from low viral load samples. |
| T102 | 11159-11438 | Sentence | denotes | The sequence of the suspected novel coronavirus (KCDC03) was analyzed using the sequences of 54 SARS-CoV-2 including 6 human coronaviruses, Bat-CoVs, and 51 SARS-CoV-2 that have been registered in GISAID by several countries including China, and a phylogenetic tree was produced. |
| T103 | 11439-11565 | Sentence | denotes | Results show that the isolate from Korea was clustered with the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 and classified as betacoronavirus. |
| T104 | 11566-11744 | Sentence | denotes | High homology (99.94%–99.99%) was confirmed with the viral sequences reported from other countries, such as those from Wuhan/IVDC-HB-01/2019(GISAID accession ID: EPI_ISL_402119). |
| T105 | 11745-11869 | Sentence | denotes | Homology with bat CoV (bat-SL-CoVZC45), SARS-CoV (AY278741) and MERS-CoV (JX869059) was 89.1%, 77.5%, and 50%, respectively. |
| T106 | 11870-12096 | Sentence | denotes | However, the lowest homology of 99.5% was observed with BetaCoV/Wuwhan/IVDCHB-04/2020, which could be because of the inaccurate sequence of IVDCHB-04, Hence, it has been excluded from the comparative analysis in other studies. |
| T107 | 12097-12260 | Sentence | denotes | Prior to identification of SARS-CoV-2 as the causative agent of the unknown pneumonia in Wuhan, China, pan-CoV RT-PCR was being used to detect SARS-CoV-2 in Korea. |
| T108 | 12261-12370 | Sentence | denotes | The Pan-CoV RT-PCR detects all human coronaviruses and animal-derived coronaviruses (personal communication). |
| T109 | 12371-12502 | Sentence | denotes | Since the release of the SARS-CoV-2 sequence, a real-time RT-PCR method has been established in the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients. |
| T110 | 12503-12588 | Sentence | denotes | Currently, the diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on gene detection via real-time RT-PCR. |
| T111 | 12589-12740 | Sentence | denotes | With the isolation of the causative agent, development of serological tests and rapid diagnostic tests in addition to virus detection will be required. |
| T112 | 12742-12757 | Sentence | denotes | Acknowledgments |
| T113 | 12758-12837 | Sentence | denotes | This study was funded by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (no.: |
| T114 | 12838-12871 | Sentence | denotes | 4800-4837-301 and 4800-4834-303). |
| T115 | 12872-12955 | Sentence | denotes | The authors thank Mr. Jun Sub Kim of Korea CDC for his help in sequencing analysis. |
| T116 | 12956-12977 | Sentence | denotes | Conflicts of Interest |
| T117 | 12978-13031 | Sentence | denotes | The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. |
| T118 | 13033-13148 | Sentence | denotes | Figure 1 Cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 on Vero cells. (A) Mock inoculated cells (B) SARS-CoV-2 inoculated cells. |
| T119 | 13149-13232 | Sentence | denotes | Figure 2 Thin section electron micrographs of Vero cells infected with SARS-CoV-2. |
| T120 | 13233-13416 | Sentence | denotes | Electron micrographs show representative thin sections of Vero cells infected with SARS-CoV-2; cells were collected at 48 hours after infection for examination by electron microscopy. |
| T121 | 13417-13485 | Sentence | denotes | White arrows point to aggregates of assembled intracellular virions. |
| T122 | 13486-13611 | Sentence | denotes | Figure 3 Phylogenetic tree analysis of SARS-CoV-2 based on full genome nucleotide sequences using the neighbor-joining tree. |
| T123 | 13612-13812 | Sentence | denotes | Values on branches are shown as percentages based on 1,000 bootstrap replicates. (A) Gene analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses, (B) gene analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and BetaCoV/Korea/KCDC03/2020. |
LitCovid-PD-HP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 145-154 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
| T2 | 1264-1273 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
| T3 | 1291-1299 | Phenotype | denotes | coughing | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735 |
| T4 | 1304-1309 | Phenotype | denotes | fever | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945 |
| T5 | 2354-2363 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
| T6 | 2426-2435 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
| T7 | 2598-2607 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
| T8 | 7397-7408 | Phenotype | denotes | dehydration | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001944 |
| T9 | 10388-10394 | Phenotype | denotes | chills | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025143 |
| T10 | 10399-10404 | Phenotype | denotes | fever | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945 |
| T11 | 10447-10455 | Phenotype | denotes | coughing | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735 |
| T12 | 10790-10799 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
| T13 | 12173-12182 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |