Id |
Subject |
Object |
Predicate |
Lexical cue |
T113 |
0-10 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Discussion |
T114 |
11-205 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In this report, we provide timely short-term forecasts of the cumulative number of reported cases of the 2019-nCoV epidemic in Hubei province and other provinces in China as of February 9, 2020. |
T115 |
206-359 |
Sentence |
denotes |
As the epidemic continues, we are also publishing online daily 10day ahead forecasts including each of the models presented here (Roosa & Chowell, 2020). |
T116 |
360-584 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Based on the three models calibrated to data up until February 9, 2020, we forecast a cumulative number of reported cases between 37,415 and 38,028 in Hubei Province and 11,588–13,499 in other provinces by February 24, 2020. |
T117 |
585-790 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Our models yield a good visual fit to the epidemic curves, based on residuals, with the sub-epidemic model outperforming the other models in terms of mean squared error (MSE) (Supplemental Tables 1 and 2). |
T118 |
791-944 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Parameter estimation results from the GLM consistently show that the epidemic growth is near exponential in Hubei and sub-exponential in other provinces. |
T119 |
945-1156 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Overall, models predict similar ranges of short-term forecasts, except for those generated on February 5th, where the sub-epidemic model predicts significantly higher case counts than the other two models (Figs. |
T120 |
1157-1162 |
Sentence |
denotes |
1–3). |
T121 |
1163-1381 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The sub-epidemic model predicts similar ranges to the other models for subsequent dates, so the higher ranges on February 5th may indicate that more data are required to inform the parameters of the sub-epidemic model. |
T122 |
1382-1586 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We observe that the width of the prediction intervals decreases on average as more data are included for forecasts in Hubei; however, this pattern is not obvious for our analysis based on other provinces. |
T123 |
1587-1717 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This can, in part, be attributed to the smaller case counts and smaller initial prediction interval range seen in other provinces. |
T124 |
1718-1912 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Mean predictions and associated uncertainty remain relatively stable in other provinces though, while the mean estimates of 10 and 15 days ahead decrease significantly in Hubei (Fig. 2, Fig. 3). |
T125 |
1913-2123 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This suggests that the epidemic lasts longer in Hubei compared to other provinces (Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 ), which may be attributed to intensive control efforts and large-scale social distancing interventions. |
T126 |
2124-2279 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Therefore, it is not necessarily surprising that estimates from earlier dates, specifically prior to saturation, yield predictions with higher uncertainty. |
T127 |
2280-2422 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Fig. 4 15-day ahead GLM forecasts of cumulative reported 2019-nCoV cases in China – Hubei and other provinces – generated on February 9, 2020. |
T128 |
2423-2570 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Fig. 5 15-day ahead Richards forecasts of cumulative reported 2019-nCoV cases in China – Hubei and other provinces – generated on February 9, 2020. |
T129 |
2571-2728 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Fig. 6 15-day ahead sub-epidemic model forecasts of cumulative reported 2019-nCoV cases in China – Hubei and other provinces – generated on February 9, 2020. |
T130 |
2729-3023 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We retrieve the data from the Chinese media conglomerate Tencent (Chinese National Health Commission); however, the data show small differences in case counts compared to data of the epidemic reported by other sources (Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering, 2020). |
T131 |
3024-3206 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Importantly, the curves of confirmed cases that we employ in our study are reported according to reporting date and could be influenced by testing capacity and other related factors. |
T132 |
3207-3380 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Further, there may be significant delays in identifying, isolating, and reporting cases in Hubei due to the magnitude of the epidemic, which could influence our predictions. |
T133 |
3381-3517 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Incidence curves according to the date of symptom onset could provide a clearer picture of the transmission dynamics during an epidemic. |
T134 |
3518-3640 |
Sentence |
denotes |
We also note that we analyzed the epidemic curves starting on January 22, 2020, but the epidemic started in December 2019. |
T135 |
3641-3760 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Hence, the first data point accumulates cases up until January 22, 2020, as data were not available prior to this date. |
T136 |
3761-4000 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The 2019-nCoV outbreak in China presents a significant challenge for modelers, as there are limited data available on the early growth trajectory, and epidemiological characteristics of the novel coronavirus have not been fully elucidated. |
T137 |
4001-4300 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Our timely short-term forecasts based on phenomenological models can be useful for real-time preparedness, such as anticipating the required number of hospital beds and other medical resources, as they provide an estimate of the number of cases hospitals will need to prepare for in the coming days. |
T138 |
4301-4453 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In future work, we plan to report the results of a retrospective analysis of forecasting performance across models based on various performance metrics. |
T139 |
4454-4573 |
Sentence |
denotes |
Of note, the case definition changed on February 12, 2020 to count clinical cases that have not been laboratory tested. |
T140 |
4574-4701 |
Sentence |
denotes |
As a result in this change in reporting, the province of Hubei experienced a jump in the nuber of cases on February 13th, 2020. |
T141 |
4702-4825 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This change in reporting will need to be taken into account in order to assess the accuracy of the forecasts reported here. |
T142 |
4826-4961 |
Sentence |
denotes |
In conclusion, our most recent forecasts, based on data for the last three days (February 7th – 9th, 2020), remained relatively stable. |
T143 |
4962-5067 |
Sentence |
denotes |
These models predict that the epidemic has reached a saturation point for both Hubei and other provinces. |
T144 |
5068-5233 |
Sentence |
denotes |
This likely reflects the impact of the wide spectrum of social distancing measures implemented by the Chinese government, which likely helped stabilize the epidemic. |
T145 |
5234-5332 |
Sentence |
denotes |
The forecasts presented are based on the assumption that current mitigation efforts will continue. |