PMC:7029759 / 6551-6984 JSONTXT

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Coronavirus entry starts with the S protein binding to a target receptor on the cell surface, where after fusion is mediated at the cell membrane, delivering the viral nucleocapsid inside the cell for subsequent replication 14. The S protein is famous for causing syncytial formation between infected cells and other receptor-bearing cells around them, emphasizing that the S protein does not function in just the virion state alone.