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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
2 15-39 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 MESH:C000657245
3 41-49 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
13 138-155 Species denotes novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
14 157-204 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Tax:2697049
15 206-216 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
16 239-261 Disease denotes respiratory infections MESH:D012141
17 263-287 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 MESH:C000657245
18 289-297 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
19 489-495 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
20 746-754 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
21 1052-1057 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
37 1317-1334 Species denotes novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
38 1336-1383 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Tax:2697049
39 1385-1395 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
40 1546-1554 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
41 1819-1829 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
42 2156-2161 Species denotes Human Tax:9606
43 2165-2170 Species denotes human Tax:9606
44 2371-2376 Species denotes human Tax:9606
45 2380-2385 Species denotes human Tax:9606
46 1418-1440 Disease denotes respiratory infections MESH:D012141
47 1442-1466 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 MESH:C000657245
48 1468-1476 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
49 1560-1569 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
50 1867-1873 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
51 2103-2112 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
54 2429-2437 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
55 2810-2819 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
59 3010-3017 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
60 2938-2946 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
61 3219-3228 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
70 3838-3841 Gene denotes ARS Gene:6012
71 3447-3454 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
72 3614-3621 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
73 3943-3950 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
74 3295-3303 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
75 3351-3359 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
76 3528-3547 Disease denotes infectious diseases MESH:D003141
77 3885-3894 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
79 4350-4353 Gene denotes ARS Gene:6012
83 4647-4655 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
84 4661-4693 Disease denotes Middle East respiratory syndrome MESH:D018352
85 4695-4699 Disease denotes MERS MESH:D018352
88 5008-5018 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
89 5190-5200 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
96 5892-5896 Gene denotes RdRp Gene:43740578
97 5287-5294 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
98 5478-5485 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
99 5674-5684 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
100 5321-5342 Disease denotes respiratory infection MESH:D012141
101 5500-5519 Disease denotes respiratory illness MESH:D012140
107 6218-6225 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
108 6241-6247 Species denotes people Tax:9606
109 6604-6611 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
110 6321-6329 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
111 6508-6528 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
118 6708-6715 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
119 6774-6781 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
120 6936-6943 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
121 6662-6671 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
122 6740-6748 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
123 7004-7013 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
131 8839-8846 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
132 7157-7166 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
133 7933-7938 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
134 7940-7945 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
135 7949-7957 Disease denotes dyspnoea MESH:D004417
136 8134-8142 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
137 8444-8452 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
140 7098-7107 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
141 7109-7117 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
143 9106-9130 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 MESH:C000657245
145 9352-9360 Species denotes Patients Tax:9606
149 10002-10017 Gene denotes Directive 95/46
150 10221-10229 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
151 10245-10264 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infection MESH:C000657245
153 10484-10492 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
162 11333-11337 Gene denotes RdRp Gene:43740578
163 10524-10531 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
164 10676-10681 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
165 10683-10692 Disease denotes headaches MESH:D006261
166 10697-10702 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
167 10970-10978 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
168 11113-11133 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
169 11135-11144 Disease denotes Infection MESH:D007239
171 11523-11531 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
174 11588-11590 Gene denotes GP Gene:55819
175 11644-11663 Disease denotes infectious diseases MESH:D003141
178 11669-11676 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
179 11792-11799 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
194 12734-12738 Gene denotes RdRp Gene:43740578
195 12650-12663 Gene denotes Cases 2 and 3
196 12800-12804 Gene denotes RdRp Gene:43740578
197 12551-12561 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
198 12755-12764 Species denotes 2019-nCov Tax:2697049
199 12083-12088 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
200 12098-12105 Disease denotes fatigue MESH:D005221
201 12107-12121 Disease denotes conjunctivitis MESH:D003231
202 12126-12131 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
203 12236-12241 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
204 12251-12258 Disease denotes fatigue MESH:D005221
205 12263-12268 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
206 12526-12534 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
207 12536-12545 Disease denotes Infection MESH:D007239
211 12918-12925 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
212 13063-13069 Chemical denotes oxygen MESH:D010100
213 13106-13125 Disease denotes infectious diseases MESH:D003141
215 13248-13255 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
218 13479-13492 Gene denotes Cases 2 and 3
219 13472-13477 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
223 13977-13980 Gene denotes SpF Gene:23541
224 13603-13613 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
225 13588-13597 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
227 14055-14088 Gene denotes Early Warning and Response System
235 14506-14513 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
236 14859-14866 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
237 15768-15775 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
238 14366-14375 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
239 14657-14666 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
240 14764-14772 Disease denotes coughing MESH:D003371
241 15530-15539 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
248 15875-15888 Gene denotes Cases 2 and 3
249 16306-16311 Species denotes child Tax:9606
250 16708-16716 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
251 16100-16109 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
252 16400-16409 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
253 16487-16496 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
262 17325-17338 Gene denotes Cases 2 and 3
263 17240-17250 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
264 17580-17590 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
265 16786-16794 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
266 17073-17093 Disease denotes respiratory symptoms MESH:D012818
267 17225-17234 Disease denotes Infection MESH:D007239
268 17349-17369 Disease denotes respiratory symptoms MESH:D012818
269 17565-17574 Disease denotes Infection MESH:D007239
271 17731-17739 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
280 17874-17884 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
281 18649-18653 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
282 17762-17770 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
283 17929-17937 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
284 18171-18190 Disease denotes infectious diseases MESH:D003141
285 18552-18562 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
286 18631-18635 Disease denotes MERS MESH:D018352
287 18661-18679 Disease denotes Ebolavirus disease MESH:D019142
297 19352-19360 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
298 19365-19373 Species denotes MERS-CoV Tax:1335626
299 18995-19026 Disease denotes lower acute respiratory disease MESH:D012120
300 19169-19189 Disease denotes respiratory symptoms MESH:D012818
301 19333-19341 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
302 19503-19522 Disease denotes infectious diseases MESH:D003141
303 19704-19712 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
304 19873-19904 Disease denotes lower acute respiratory disease MESH:D012120
305 20104-20112 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
307 20635-20643 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
311 21083-21090 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
312 21602-21609 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
313 21415-21434 Disease denotes infectious diseases MESH:D003141
318 21706-21716 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
319 21739-21744 Species denotes human Tax:9606
320 21748-21753 Species denotes human Tax:9606
321 22613-22618 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
323 22769-22779 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
326 23078-23088 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
327 23179-23188 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
332 23455-23460 Species denotes human Tax:9606
333 23464-23469 Species denotes human Tax:9606
334 23294-23302 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
335 23808-23816 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
341 24181-24186 Species denotes human Tax:9606
342 24190-24195 Species denotes human Tax:9606
343 24212-24222 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
344 24475-24485 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
345 23879-23887 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
348 25137-25147 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
349 24914-24922 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
351 25827-25861 Disease denotes Virus des infections respiratoires MESH:D001102
353 28159-28168 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
355 28334-28353 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infection MESH:C000657245

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 4759-4782 Body_part denotes upper respiratory tract http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45661
T2 4846-4869 Body_part denotes lower respiratory tract http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45662
T3 4928-4934 Body_part denotes sputum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma312401
T4 5897-5901 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T5 7832-7836 Body_part denotes body http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma256135
T6 8212-8216 Body_part denotes face http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728
T7 8220-8224 Body_part denotes face http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728
T8 10727-10731 Body_part denotes back http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma25056
T9 11254-11258 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T10 11424-11428 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T11 12879-12883 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T12 13098-13102 Body_part denotes back http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma25056
T13 15624-15628 Body_part denotes face http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728
T14 15632-15636 Body_part denotes face http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728
T15 16596-16600 Body_part denotes face http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728
T16 16604-16608 Body_part denotes face http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728
T17 21497-21501 Body_part denotes face http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728
T18 22289-22293 Body_part denotes back http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma25056

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 4759-4782 Body_part denotes upper respiratory tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001557
T2 4765-4782 Body_part denotes respiratory tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065
T3 4846-4869 Body_part denotes lower respiratory tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001558
T4 4852-4869 Body_part denotes respiratory tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065
T5 4928-4934 Body_part denotes sputum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007311
T6 8212-8216 Body_part denotes face http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456
T7 8220-8224 Body_part denotes face http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456
T8 15624-15628 Body_part denotes face http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456
T9 15632-15636 Body_part denotes face http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456
T10 16596-16600 Body_part denotes face http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456
T11 16604-16608 Body_part denotes face http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456
T12 20122-20131 Body_part denotes extension http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2000106
T13 21497-21501 Body_part denotes face http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 15-39 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T2 41-49 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T3 157-204 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T4 157-190 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T5 206-214 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T6 206-210 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T7 239-261 Disease denotes respiratory infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355
T8 263-287 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T9 289-297 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T10 746-754 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T11 1336-1383 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T12 1336-1369 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T13 1385-1393 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T14 1385-1389 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T15 1418-1440 Disease denotes respiratory infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355
T16 1442-1466 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T17 1468-1476 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T18 1560-1569 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T19 1819-1827 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T20 1819-1823 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T21 2103-2112 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T22 2429-2437 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T23 2810-2819 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T24 2938-2946 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T25 3219-3228 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T26 3295-3303 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T27 3351-3359 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T28 3528-3538 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T29 3838-3841 Disease denotes ARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0014648
T30 3876-3894 Disease denotes hospital infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0043544
T31 3885-3894 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T32 4350-4353 Disease denotes ARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0014648
T33 5008-5016 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T34 5008-5012 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T35 5190-5198 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T36 5190-5194 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T37 5321-5342 Disease denotes respiratory infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355
T38 5333-5342 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T39 5674-5682 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T40 5674-5678 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T41 6321-6329 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T42 6508-6516 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T43 6508-6512 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T44 6519-6528 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T45 6662-6671 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T46 6740-6748 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T47 7004-7013 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T48 7098-7107 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T49 7109-7117 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T50 7157-7166 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T51 8134-8142 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T52 8444-8452 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T53 9096-9104 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T54 9106-9130 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T55 10245-10264 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T56 10255-10264 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T57 10484-10492 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T58 10641-10643 Disease denotes he http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017319
T59 10950-10952 Disease denotes he http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017319
T60 10970-10978 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T61 11113-11121 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T62 11113-11117 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T63 11124-11133 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T64 11135-11144 Disease denotes Infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T65 11523-11531 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T66 11644-11654 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T67 12107-12121 Disease denotes conjunctivitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0003799
T68 12526-12534 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T69 12536-12545 Disease denotes Infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T70 12551-12559 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T71 12551-12555 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T72 12957-12959 Disease denotes he http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017319
T73 13106-13116 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T74 13588-13597 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T75 13603-13611 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T76 13603-13607 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T77 14366-14375 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T78 14657-14666 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T79 15530-15539 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T80 16100-16109 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T81 16400-16409 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T82 16487-16496 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T83 16786-16794 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T84 17225-17234 Disease denotes Infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T85 17240-17248 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T86 17240-17244 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T87 17565-17574 Disease denotes Infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T88 17580-17588 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T89 17580-17584 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T90 17731-17739 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T91 17762-17770 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T92 17874-17882 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T93 17874-17878 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T94 17929-17937 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T95 18171-18181 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T96 18552-18562 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T97 18589-18622 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T98 18624-18628 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T99 18637-18654 Disease denotes influenza A(H1N1) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005460
T100 18637-18646 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T101 18661-18679 Disease denotes Ebolavirus disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T102 19007-19026 Disease denotes respiratory disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005087
T103 19333-19341 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T104 19352-19360 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T105 19352-19356 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T106 19503-19513 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T107 19704-19712 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T108 19885-19904 Disease denotes respiratory disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005087
T109 20104-20112 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T110 20635-20643 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T111 21415-21425 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T112 21706-21714 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T113 21706-21710 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T114 22769-22777 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T115 22769-22773 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T116 23078-23086 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T117 23078-23082 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T118 23179-23188 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T119 23294-23302 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T120 23808-23816 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T121 23879-23887 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T122 24212-24220 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T123 24212-24216 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T124 24475-24483 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T125 24475-24479 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T126 24914-24922 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T127 25137-25145 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T128 25137-25141 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T129 25837-25847 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T130 28334-28353 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T131 28344-28353 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 136-137 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T2 226-227 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T3 915-917 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T4 1039-1040 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T5 1089-1092 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T6 1315-1316 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T7 1405-1406 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T8 1631-1632 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T9 1638-1644 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T10 1976-1979 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001406 denotes 514
T11 2148-2154 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T12 2156-2161 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes Human
T13 2165-2170 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T14 2235-2240 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T15 2371-2376 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T16 2380-2385 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T17 2494-2503 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000030 denotes objective
T18 2739-2740 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T19 3023-3024 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T20 3349-3350 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T21 3489-3490 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T22 3516-3517 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T23 3663-3664 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T24 3713-3716 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T25 3752-3756 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001568 denotes a 24
T26 4046-4047 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T27 4232-4233 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T28 4346-4353 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001912 denotes the ARS
T29 4846-4869 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001558 denotes lower respiratory tract
T30 5052-5054 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T31 5115-5122 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T32 5161-5165 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T33 5247-5248 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T34 5285-5286 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T35 5300-5301 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T36 5384-5385 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T37 5476-5477 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T38 5551-5552 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T39 5592-5593 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T40 5610-5611 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T41 5642-5643 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T42 5663-5664 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T43 5755-5762 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes Testing
T44 5897-5901 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T45 6289-6290 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T46 6480-6481 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T47 6561-6567 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T48 6719-6720 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T49 6785-6786 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T50 6853-6854 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T51 7044-7045 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T52 7272-7273 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T53 7398-7399 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T54 7554-7555 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T55 7609-7610 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T56 7630-7631 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T57 7855-7856 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T58 7986-7987 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T59 8122-8123 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T60 8212-8216 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes face
T61 8220-8224 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes face
T62 8249-8250 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T63 8364-8372 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T64 8397-8398 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T65 8442-8443 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T66 8571-8572 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T67 8719-8720 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T68 8894-8895 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T69 8941-8947 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T70 9011-9020 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes organised
T71 9312-9318 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T72 9413-9414 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T73 10018-10020 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002878 denotes EC
T74 10505-10506 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T75 10507-10509 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001382 denotes 48
T76 10519-10523 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T77 10519-10523 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T78 10755-10757 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T79 10846-10847 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T80 10906-10907 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T81 11223-11229 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T82 11254-11258 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T83 11424-11428 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T84 11763-11770 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T85 11902-11903 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T86 11966-11967 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T87 11988-11992 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T88 11988-11992 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T89 12023-12025 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T90 12158-12159 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T91 12180-12186 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes female
T92 12443-12444 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T93 12739-12742 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9596 denotes Pan
T94 12773-12777 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0037161 denotes E; N
T95 12879-12883 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T96 12913-12917 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T97 12913-12917 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T98 13219-13226 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T99 13310-13311 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T100 13459-13460 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T101 13713-13714 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T102 15061-15062 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T103 15624-15628 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes face
T104 15632-15636 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes face
T105 15925-15935 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T106 16168-16169 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T107 16222-16223 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T108 16272-16274 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T109 16596-16600 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes face
T110 16604-16608 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes face
T111 16927-16928 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T112 17033-17034 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T113 17097-17099 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T114 17130-17131 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T115 17281-17282 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T116 17406-17407 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T117 17707-17710 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T118 17784-17787 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T119 18284-18287 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T120 18295-18296 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T121 18647-18648 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T122 18813-18814 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T123 18913-18925 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organization
T124 18986-18987 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T125 19483-19484 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T126 21495-21496 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T127 21497-21501 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes face
T128 21739-21747 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human to
T129 21748-21753 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T130 21780-21781 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T131 21864-21865 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T132 23243-23249 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T133 23455-23460 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T134 23464-23469 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T135 23557-23562 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T136 24064-24073 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000876 denotes extremely
T137 24181-24186 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T138 24190-24195 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T139 24731-24741 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000030 denotes objectives
T140 25051-25054 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T141 25084-25090 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T142 25827-25832 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes Virus
T143 26323-26325 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001547 denotes AP
T144 26326-26328 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0003797 denotes HP
T145 26326-26328 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000008725 denotes HP
T146 28017-28023 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T147 28398-28405 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 4411-4422 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T2 5952-5954 Chemical denotes IP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74076
T3 6207-6209 Chemical denotes Co http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27638
T4 6763-6765 Chemical denotes Co http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27638
T5 10519-10523 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T6 11338-11340 Chemical denotes IP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74076
T7 11562-11564 Chemical denotes ED http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73503
T8 11588-11590 Chemical denotes GP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_70744
T9 11640-11642 Chemical denotes ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141439
T10 11988-11992 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T11 12805-12807 Chemical denotes IP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74076
T12 12913-12917 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T13 13063-13069 Chemical denotes oxygen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25805
T14 26023-26026 Chemical denotes Ile http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17191|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30009
T16 26323-26325 Chemical denotes AP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28971|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73393|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_81686
T19 26326-26328 Chemical denotes HP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74055

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 239-261 Phenotype denotes respiratory infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011947
T2 1052-1057 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T3 1418-1440 Phenotype denotes respiratory infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011947
T4 1560-1569 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T5 5321-5342 Phenotype denotes respiratory infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011947
T6 5500-5519 Phenotype denotes respiratory illness http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002086
T7 7933-7938 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T8 7940-7945 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T9 7949-7957 Phenotype denotes dyspnoea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002094
T10 10676-10681 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T11 10683-10692 Phenotype denotes headaches http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002315
T12 10697-10702 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T13 12083-12088 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T14 12090-12096 Phenotype denotes chills http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025143
T15 12098-12105 Phenotype denotes fatigue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012378
T16 12107-12121 Phenotype denotes conjunctivitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000509
T17 12126-12131 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T18 12236-12241 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T19 12243-12249 Phenotype denotes chills http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025143
T20 12251-12258 Phenotype denotes fatigue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012378
T21 12263-12268 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T22 13472-13477 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T23 14764-14772 Phenotype denotes coughing http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T24 22613-22618 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 9961-9971 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007 denotes Regulation
T2 9973-9983 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007 denotes Regulation
T3 15085-15091 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060361 denotes flight
T4 15350-15356 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060361 denotes flight
T5 16997-17003 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060361 denotes flight
T6 24245-24257 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000003 denotes reproduction
T7 27096-27106 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007 denotes régulation

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-125 Sentence denotes First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in France: surveillance, investigations and control measures, January 2020
T2 127-135 Sentence denotes Abstract
T3 136-349 Sentence denotes A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) causing a cluster of respiratory infections (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, was identified on 7 January 2020.
T4 350-496 Sentence denotes The epidemic quickly disseminated from Wuhan and as at 12 February 2020, 45,179 cases have been confirmed in 25 countries, including 1,116 deaths.
T5 497-645 Sentence denotes Strengthened surveillance was implemented in France on 10 January 2020 in order to identify imported cases early and prevent secondary transmission.
T6 646-730 Sentence denotes Three categories of risk exposure and follow-up procedure were defined for contacts.
T7 731-811 Sentence denotes Three cases of COVID-19 were confirmed on 24 January, the first cases in Europe.
T8 812-854 Sentence denotes Contact tracing was immediately initiated.
T9 855-940 Sentence denotes Five contacts were evaluated as at low risk of exposure and 18 at moderate/high risk.
T10 941-1109 Sentence denotes As at 12 February 2020, two cases have been discharged and the third one remains symptomatic with a persistent cough, and no secondary transmission has been identified.
T11 1110-1302 Sentence denotes Effective collaboration between all parties involved in the surveillance and response to emerging threats is required to detect imported cases early and to implement adequate control measures.
T12 1304-1314 Sentence denotes Background
T13 1315-1532 Sentence denotes A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) causing a cluster of respiratory infections (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, was identified on 7 January 2020 [1].
T14 1533-1701 Sentence denotes Twenty-seven patients with pneumonia had initially been reported, with an epidemiological link to a live animal market that was closed and disinfected on 1 January [1].
T15 1702-1878 Sentence denotes From 20 January, the number of notifications of cases rose dramatically, and as at 12 February 2020, 45,179 cases of SARS-CoV-2 have been confirmed, including 1,116 deaths [2].
T16 1879-2071 Sentence denotes Most of the cases (n = 44,665) were reported in 31 provinces and autonomous regions of China and 514 cases were reported in 25 other countries in Asia, Australia, Europe and North America [2].
T17 2072-2155 Sentence denotes To date, the primary source of infection remains unknown and could still be active.
T18 2156-2312 Sentence denotes Human-to-human transmission was observed early after the emergence of this new virus in China and abroad, including family clusters and healthcare settings.
T19 2313-2399 Sentence denotes The current outbreak dynamics strongly indicate sustained human-to-human transmission.
T20 2400-2489 Sentence denotes Strengthened surveillance of COVID-19 cases was implemented in France on 10 January 2020.
T21 2490-2657 Sentence denotes The objective of the surveillance is to identify imported cases early and to prevent secondary transmission whether in the community or among healthcare workers (HCW).
T22 2658-2825 Sentence denotes Investigations are carried out among contacts immediately upon illness onset and a follow-up procedure is initiated according to the evaluated level of infection risk.
T23 2826-3046 Sentence denotes Here we describe the real-time implementation of this surveillance scheme for the first three imported cases of COVID-19 identified in France, who were confirmed on 24 January 2020 in persons with a recent stay in Wuhan.
T24 3047-3101 Sentence denotes Two cases were diagnosed in Paris and one in Bordeaux.
T25 3102-3229 Sentence denotes We present data until 12 February on the follow-up of the cases’ contacts initiated immediately upon confirmation of infection.
T26 3231-3238 Sentence denotes Methods
T27 3240-3266 Sentence denotes French surveillance system
T28 3267-3577 Sentence denotes In France, according to the COVID-19 surveillance protocol, physicians suspecting a COVID-19 case have to contact immediately either the emergency hotline (SAMU-Centre 15), if the patient is seeking medical attention from a general practitioner, or a referring infectious diseases specialist at hospital level.
T29 3578-3691 Sentence denotes Together, they evaluate whether the patient matches the case definition criteria for a possible case (see below).
T30 3692-4045 Sentence denotes If they do, the case has to be reported immediately through a 24/7 available phone line to the Regional Health Agency (Agence régionale de santé, ARS), which informs without delay the hospital infection control teams involved in the management of the patient, the French Public Health Agency (Santé publique France, SpFrance) and the Ministry of Health.
T31 4046-4367 Sentence denotes A standardised investigation form collecting socio-demographical information, clinical details and history of exposure (history of travel to or residence in Wuhan, China or contact with a confirmed case) is completed for each possible case at regional level, in collaboration between the clinicians, the ARS and SpFrance.
T32 4368-4452 Sentence denotes Data are entered into the secure web-based application Voozanoo (Epiconcept, Paris).
T33 4453-4705 Sentence denotes Possible cases have to be hospitalised, isolated and cared for in one of the 38 French referral hospitals designated by the Ministry of Health, according to the guidelines for the management of patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) [3].
T34 4706-5045 Sentence denotes For each possible case, respiratory samples from the upper respiratory tract (nasopharyngeal swabs or aspirates) and when possible from the lower respiratory tract (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, when indicated, or induced sputum) are collected and sent to one of the laboratories accredited to perform SARS-CoV-2-specific real-time RT-PCR.
T35 5046-5201 Sentence denotes Until 27 January, only the National Reference Centre for respiratory viruses (Institut Pasteur, Paris) was able to test for the presence of the SARS-CoV-2.
T36 5203-5218 Sentence denotes Case definition
T37 5219-5609 Sentence denotes From 17 to 29 January 2020, a possible case was defined either as a patient with a severe acute lower respiratory infection requiring admission to hospital and with a history of travel to or residence in Wuhan, China in the 14 days before symptom onset, or a patient with an acute respiratory illness whatever the severity and with a history of at-risk exposure, mainly to a confirmed case.
T38 5610-5754 Sentence denotes A confirmed case was defined as a possible case with a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR on respiratory samples, performed by an accredited laboratory.
T39 5755-5956 Sentence denotes Testing relied on the real-time RT-PCR procedure developed by the Charité [4] as well as on the use of real-time RT-PCR specific for the RdRp gene (four targets) designed at Institut Pasteur (RdRp-IP).
T40 5957-6030 Sentence denotes The case definition was first set up on 10 January and adapted over time.
T41 6031-6173 Sentence denotes The detailed case definition used for the cases presented here as well as the most up-to-date case definition are available in the Supplement.
T42 6175-6206 Sentence denotes Contact and co-exposure tracing
T43 6207-6330 Sentence denotes Co-exposed persons are defined as people who shared the same risks of exposure as a possible or confirmed case of COVID-19.
T44 6331-6412 Sentence denotes Contact and co-exposure identification is done for all identified possible cases.
T45 6413-6487 Sentence denotes Contacts are traced from the date of onset of clinical symptoms in a case.
T46 6488-6637 Sentence denotes If the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is confirmed in the index case, active surveillance of contacts/co-exposed persons is initiated immediately.
T47 6638-6762 Sentence denotes Three levels of risk of infection are defined for contacts/co-exposed persons of a possible/confirmed COVID-19 case (Table).
T48 6763-6883 Sentence denotes Co-exposed persons of a confirmed case are followed-up according to the same procedure as a moderate-/high-risk contact.
T49 6884-7022 Sentence denotes The follow-up procedure for the contacts/co-exposed persons differs according to the evaluation of the level of risk of infection (Table).
T50 7023-7139 Sentence denotes Table Definition of a contact and follow-up procedure by level of risk of infection, COVID-19, France, January 2020
T51 7140-7209 Sentence denotes Level of risk of infection Contact definition Follow-up procedure
T52 7210-7475 Sentence denotes Negligible risk Person who had short (< 15 min) contact with a confirmed case in public settings such as in public transportation, restaurants and shops; healthcare personnel who treated a confirmed case while wearing appropriate PPE without any breach identified.
T53 7477-7528 Sentence denotes Neither identification nor information of contacts.
T54 7529-7794 Sentence denotes Low risk Person who had a close (within 1 m) but short (< 15 min) contact with a confirmed case, or a distant (> 1 m) but prolonged contact in public settings, or any contact in private settings that does not match with the moderate/high risk of exposure criteria.
T55 7796-7893 Sentence denotes Contacts are asked to measure their body temperature twice a day and check for clinical symptoms.
T56 7894-8148 Sentence denotes In case of occurrence of symptoms like fever, cough or dyspnoea, contacts are asked to wear a surgical mask, isolate themselves and immediately contact the emergency hotline (SAMU-centre 15) indicating that they are contacts of a confirmed COVID-19 case.
T57 8149-8537 Sentence denotes Moderate/high risk Person who had prolonged (> 15 min) direct face-to-face contact within 1 m with a confirmed case, shared the same hospital room, lived in the same household or shared any leisure or professional activity in close proximity with a confirmed case, or travelled together with a COVID-19 case in any kind of conveyance, without appropriate individual protection equipment.
T58 8538-8649 Sentence denotes Healthcare personnel who treated a confirmed case without wearing appropriate PPE or with an identified breach.
T59 8651-8911 Sentence denotes In addition to the above, contacts are asked to stay at home during a 14-day period after their last contact with the confirmed case while symptomatic and to avoid contacts with the other persons living in the same household (or at least wear a surgical mask).
T60 8912-9095 Sentence denotes The follow-up consists of an active follow-up through daily calls from the regional follow-up team organised by the Regional Health Agency in collaboration with Santé publique France.
T61 9096-9167 Sentence denotes COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; PPE: personal protective equipment.
T62 9168-9351 Sentence denotes During the initial implementation phase of the procedure, owing to the limited number of contacts involved, it was decided to also implement an active follow-up for low risk contacts.
T63 9352-9562 Sentence denotes Patients are interviewed by the clinicians, with the help of a translator if needed, who recover relevant information on their contacts since onset of clinical symptoms and the nature and intensity of exposure.
T64 9563-9740 Sentence denotes The involved regional health agencies work closely with the regional entities of Santé publique France (cellules régionales) in order to implement contact tracing and follow-up.
T65 9741-9858 Sentence denotes Santé publique France coordinates the surveillance at national level in liaison with the national Health Authorities.
T66 9860-9877 Sentence denotes Ethical statement
T67 9878-10117 Sentence denotes The investigations were carried out in accordance with the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Directive 95/46/EC) and the French data protection law (Law 78–17 on 06/01/1978 and Décret 2019–536 on 29/05/2019).
T68 10118-10265 Sentence denotes Informed consent to disclosure of information relevant to this publication was obtained from the three patients confirmed with 2019-nCoV infection.
T69 10267-10274 Sentence denotes Results
T70 10276-10300 Sentence denotes Detected confirmed cases
T71 10301-10493 Sentence denotes Between 10 January and 24 January (period until confirmation of the first cases in France), nine possible cases were identified in France; among them, three cases were confirmed with COVID-19.
T72 10494-10549 Sentence denotes Case 1 was a 48-year-old male patient living in France.
T73 10550-10718 Sentence denotes He was travelling for professional reasons in China in various cities including Wuhan when he experienced his first symptoms (fever, headaches and cough) on 16 January.
T74 10719-10825 Sentence denotes He flew back to Bordeaux, France on 22 January via Shanghai, Qingdao and Paris Charles de Gaulle airports.
T75 10826-10872 Sentence denotes He reported wearing a mask during the flights.
T76 10873-11134 Sentence denotes He sought medical attention from a general practitioner on 23 January, where he was suspected of COVID-19, and was subsequently transferred to the regional referring hospital in Bordeaux, isolated and sampled for laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
T77 11135-11215 Sentence denotes Infection was confirmed on 24 January by the National Reference Centre (Figure).
T78 11216-11436 Sentence denotes Case 1 tested positive only for the E gene target when using the Charité procedure [4] and was positive for all four RdRp-IP targets with threshold cycles (Ct) in good agreement with those obtained for the E gene target.
T79 11437-11561 Sentence denotes Figure Timeline of travel, onset of illness and close contacts of confirmed cases of COVID-19, France, January 2020 (n = 3)
T80 11562-11664 Sentence denotes ED: emergency department; GP: general practitioner; ICU: intensive care unit; ID: infectious diseases.
T81 11665-11816 Sentence denotes The patient arrived in Wuhan on 13 January, did not report any visit to markets, exposure to live animals or contact with sick persons during his stay.
T82 11817-11954 Sentence denotes No detailed information is available about the circumstances of exposure, apart from a visit to family members and friends on 15 January.
T83 11955-12069 Sentence denotes Case 2 was a 31-year-old Chinese male tourist who had left Wuhan on 18 January and arrived in Paris on 19 January.
T84 12070-12146 Sentence denotes He developed fever, chills, fatigue, conjunctivitis and cough on 19 January.
T85 12147-12221 Sentence denotes Case 3 was a 30-year-old Chinese female tourist who travelled with Case 2.
T86 12222-12283 Sentence denotes She developed fever, chills, fatigue and cough on 23 January.
T87 12284-12535 Sentence denotes On 24 January, they were advised by the Chinese embassy to seek medical attention at the national hotline (SAMU-centre 15) and were immediately transferred to a regional referring hospital, isolated and sampled for laboratory confirmation of COVID-19.
T88 12536-12649 Sentence denotes Infection with SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed on 24 January for both of them by the National Reference Centre (Figure).
T89 12650-12891 Sentence denotes Cases 2 and 3 were positive by RT-PCR for all targets of the Charité procedure [4] (RdRp Pan Sarbeco and 2019-nCov probes; E; N) as well for the four RdRp-IP targets with Ct values in good agreement with those obtained for the E gene target.
T90 12892-13019 Sentence denotes The condition of the male patient deteriorated on 29 January and he was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) the same day.
T91 13020-13145 Sentence denotes He stayed 72 h in the ICU for non-invasive oxygen therapy and was transferred back to infectious diseases ward on 31 January.
T92 13146-13296 Sentence denotes Neither of the two cases reported any visit to markets, exposure to live animals or contact with sick persons during the 14 days before symptom onset.
T93 13297-13398 Sentence denotes Both visited a hospital in Wuhan on 16 January for an unrelated medical condition in Case 3 (Figure).
T94 13399-13478 Sentence denotes As at 12 February, Case 1 was afebrile and symptomatic with a persistent cough.
T95 13479-13572 Sentence denotes Cases 2 and 3 were not symptomatic any more and were discharged from hospital on 12 February.
T96 13573-13800 Sentence denotes As soon as the infection with SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed for the three cases on 24 January, this information was immediately released through a press conference held by the French Minister of Health and the Chief Medical Officer.
T97 13801-13935 Sentence denotes Daily public communication on the state of the investigations around the cases was subsequently implemented by the Ministry of Health.
T98 13936-13989 Sentence denotes Daily updates were also published on the SpF website.
T99 13990-14239 Sentence denotes The three cases were notified to the European Commission via the Early Warning and Response System (EWRS) on 26 January, and to the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) via the European Surveillance System (TESSy) on 28 January.
T100 14241-14274 Sentence denotes Contact and co-exposition tracing
T101 14275-14322 Sentence denotes No co-exposed person was identified for Case 1.
T102 14323-14597 Sentence denotes Two contacts were evaluated at low risk of infection, the taxi driver who drove the case from the airport to his home (30-min drive) and the general practitioner who took care of the patient before wearing appropriate personal protection equipment (3-min non-close contact).
T103 14598-14667 Sentence denotes Seventeen contacts were evaluated at moderate/high risk of infection.
T104 14668-14827 Sentence denotes Four of them shared the same waiting room in the general practitioner’s office while Case 1 was coughing, seated ca 1–1.5 m away from the case during 5–30 min.
T105 14828-14964 Sentence denotes The other 13 contacts were the persons sitting in the two seats around Case 1 in the Shanghai–Paris and Paris–Bordeaux flights (Figure).
T106 14965-15306 Sentence denotes They were considered at moderate risk of exposure despite the fact that Case 1 reported wearing a mask during the whole flight; this was based on the length of one of the flights (> 6 h) and the fact that it was unclear whether or not Case 1 removed his mask during short periods (e.g. meals) and kept the same mask during the whole flights.
T107 15307-15462 Sentence denotes None of the contacts of the Shanghai–Paris flight were French nationals and their contact tracing was referred to their home countries’ health authorities.
T108 15463-15874 Sentence denotes All other identified contacts were evaluated at negligible risk of infection because the contacts were short and/or distant in public settings and did not imply face-to-face conversations or because appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) was worn by the healthcare personnel who took care of the patient, including those involved in the transfer from the general practitioner to the referring hospital.
T109 15875-16054 Sentence denotes Cases 2 and 3 stayed together and shared the same activities during their stay in Paris, and therefore shared the same contacts from 23 January (date of illness onset for Case 3).
T110 16055-16283 Sentence denotes Three contacts were evaluated at low risk of infection: the two owners of the apartment rented by the couple and a department store employee with whom Case 2 reported a distant (> 1 m) contact during around 20 min on 22 January.
T111 16284-16419 Sentence denotes The apartment owner’s child who visited Cases 2 and 3 and was hugged by them was evaluated at moderate/high risk of infection (Figure).
T112 16420-16717 Sentence denotes All other identified contacts were evaluated at negligible risk of infection, as contacts were short and distant in public settings such as department stores and did not imply face-to-face conversations or because appropriate PPE was worn by the healthcare personnel who took care of the patients.
T113 16718-16813 Sentence denotes Follow-up of the identified contacts was initiated according to the COVID-19 procedure (Table).
T114 16814-16926 Sentence denotes As at 2 February, two contacts have been classified as possible cases since the implementation of the follow-up:
T115 16927-17224 Sentence denotes A person sitting two seats away from Case 1 during the Paris–Bordeaux flight, and therefore identified as a moderate/high risk contact, developed respiratory symptoms on 27 January and was classified as a possible case on 31 January and was subsequently excluded following negative RT-PCR results.
T116 17225-17280 Sentence denotes Infection with SARS-CoV-2 was excluded on the same day.
T117 17281-17436 Sentence denotes A radiology assistant who took care of both Cases 2 and 3 developed respiratory symptoms on 30 January and was classified as a possible case on 2 February.
T118 17437-17564 Sentence denotes This person had been classified as at negligible risk of exposure, because she wore appropriate PPE during the whole procedure.
T119 17565-17618 Sentence denotes Infection with SARS-CoV-2 was excluded on 2 February.
T120 17619-17665 Sentence denotes Follow-up of the contacts ended on 6 February.
T121 17666-17740 Sentence denotes No identified contact of the three cases has been confirmed with COVID-19.
T122 17742-17752 Sentence denotes Discussion
T123 17753-17894 Sentence denotes Specific COVID-19 surveillance has been in place in France since 10 January 2020, 3 days after the identification of the SARS-CoV-2 in China.
T124 17895-18019 Sentence denotes The first three imported cases of COVID-19 in France, the first ones in Europe, were diagnosed 14 days later, on 24 January.
T125 18020-18438 Sentence denotes Rapid and effective collaboration between the clinicians (general practitioners attending the cases, emergency hotline clinicians (SAMU-centre 15) and infectious diseases specialists), the National Reference Centre and the regional and national health authorities has played a crucial role in the system’s capacity to quickly detect, isolate and investigate those cases in order to implement adequate control measures.
T126 18439-18789 Sentence denotes The surveillance system as well as the control measures were adapted from those implemented during past emerging infections that occurred after 2003 (severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), MERS, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, Ebolavirus disease), and all involved parties were already familiar with the system, which probably favoured its responsiveness.
T127 18790-19027 Sentence denotes The case definition of a possible case in use on 24 January was slightly adapted from the one provided by the World Health Organization (WHO), based on an epidemiological link to Wuhan, China and a severe lower acute respiratory disease.
T128 19028-19240 Sentence denotes It is noteworthy that the first nine possible cases identified in France, including the three confirmed cases described here, displayed mild respiratory symptoms with no sign of severity at the time of diagnosis.
T129 19241-19378 Sentence denotes Increasing evidence suggests that mild clinical symptoms could be more frequent in cases of COVID-19 than with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV [5].
T130 19379-19453 Sentence denotes Therefore, the case definition in effect on 24 January lacked sensitivity.
T131 19454-19666 Sentence denotes This was counter-balanced by a tendency from the infectious diseases specialists in charge of classification of suspected cases to privilege the exposure to Wuhan over the clinical presentation in their decision.
T132 19667-19807 Sentence denotes However, we cannot exclude that some COVID-19 cases remained undetected in France because of the lack of sensitivity of our case definition.
T133 19808-19974 Sentence denotes The clinical criteria were expanded on 4 February to include any lower acute respiratory disease and the epidemiological criterion was extended to the whole of China.
T134 19975-20113 Sentence denotes At that time, the French laboratory capacities were reinforced from one to five laboratories able to perform the diagnostics for COVID-19.
T135 20114-20216 Sentence denotes Further extension to all 38 referring hospital laboratories is expected by early to mid-February 2020.
T136 20217-20442 Sentence denotes Santé publique France will deploy in early February the outbreak investigation tool developed by the WHO (Go.Data [6]) in order to facilitate case data management and contact tracing at the national and local level in France.
T137 20443-20644 Sentence denotes Contact and co-exposure identification of the three confirmed cases had been initiated as soon as they were classified as possible cases, which facilitated investigations upon confirmation of COVID-19.
T138 20645-20894 Sentence denotes Confirmation of the diagnosis was made in the evening of 24 January and the investigation to retrieve as exhaustively as possible contacts and co-exposed individuals and evaluate their level of risk of transmission was started immediately overnight.
T139 20895-21021 Sentence denotes Complete transparency of the investigations was ensured through daily press conferences held by the French health authorities.
T140 21022-21263 Sentence denotes Although the follow-up procedure for the contacts/co-exposed persons used in France slightly differ from the ECDC and WHO guidelines [7,8], which were not available at the time of this investigation, it relies on the same general principles.
T141 21264-21463 Sentence denotes Contact tracing of the passengers seated near Case 1 during the two flights Shanghai–Paris and Paris–Bordeaux was adapted from the ECDC guidelines for infectious diseases transmitted on aircraft [9].
T142 21464-21646 Sentence denotes Even though Case 1 was wearing a face mask during those flights, we could not exclude breaches and subsequent risk of transmission to the persons sitting in the two seats around him.
T143 21647-21934 Sentence denotes Because of the current uncertainties about the capacity of SARS-CoV-2 to easily spread from human to human, the decision to consider a contact as close if the case–contact distance was between 1 m and 2 m was made on a case-by-case basis, depending on the type and length of interaction.
T144 21935-22127 Sentence denotes Through the extensive interviews made with the cases and their high compliance to cooperate to the investigation, we believe that the contacts most at risk have been satisfactorily identified.
T145 22128-22233 Sentence denotes All of them could be rapidly contacted and informed about measures to be taken, which they all agreed to.
T146 22234-22652 Sentence denotes However, some contacts were either impossible to trace back (e.g. co-travellers on public transportation) or evaluated as at negligible risk of exposure because of short and/or distant contacts (e.g. restaurant, contacts with cashiers while running errands, visiting museums), although accidental events carrying the risk of transmission on such occasions, such as an episode of cough of sneezing, cannot be ruled out.
T147 22653-22732 Sentence denotes Moreover, the contact tracing was limited to the period after onset of illness.
T148 22733-22957 Sentence denotes However, should the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occur during the asymptomatic phase, we cannot exclude that secondary transmission events initiated from the three confirmed cases remained undetected during the investigations.
T149 22958-23052 Sentence denotes Case 3 developed symptoms 4 days after her husband and 5 days after the couple had left Wuhan.
T150 23053-23141 Sentence denotes The incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 is currently estimated at around 3–7 days [5,10,11].
T151 23142-23238 Sentence denotes Therefore, she may have acquired the infection from her husband, although this cannot be proved.
T152 23239-23589 Sentence denotes The active surveillance of close contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases and the implementation of control measures, including home quarantine for those evaluated at moderate/high risk of exposure, decrease the risk of human-to-human transmission originating from imported cases and subsequently delay propagation of the virus in the general population.
T153 23590-23674 Sentence denotes This allows our healthcare system to prepare for any further spread of the epidemic.
T154 23675-23817 Sentence denotes Besides, the epidemiological and clinical data collected about the confirmed cases and their contacts will increase our knowledge of COVID-19.
T155 23818-24026 Sentence denotes The rapid and collaborative management of the first imported COVID-19 cases in France highlights the fact that the French healthcare system is adequately prepared to respond to such emerging diseases threats.
T156 24027-24124 Sentence denotes However, this surveillance system is extremely time-consuming and requires considerable manpower.
T157 24125-24295 Sentence denotes The data available on 12 February strongly suggest that human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is frequent, with the reproduction number estimated at 2 to 3 [5,10-14].
T158 24296-24441 Sentence denotes Twenty-five countries have already reported imported cases from China, and several of them have described autochthonous transmission events [15].
T159 24442-24583 Sentence denotes In the case of further spread of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide, it would soon become impossible to detect all imported cases and trace their contacts.
T160 24584-24713 Sentence denotes Especially the occurrence of large clusters in the same region would strongly impact on the local health authorities’ capacities.
T161 24714-24843 Sentence denotes The surveillance objectives would then need to evolve from containing the epidemic to mitigating its medical and societal impact.
T162 24844-25018 Sentence denotes As at 12 February, the contacts of the three first confirmed cases of COVID-19 in France have been followed up for the whole 14 days follow-up time after the cases isolation.
T163 25019-25101 Sentence denotes No secondary transmission event has been detected so far despite active follow-up.
T164 25102-25251 Sentence denotes Given the first estimations of the SARS-CoV-2 incubation period, the probability of secondary cases originating from those three cases is negligible.
T165 25253-25269 Sentence denotes Acknowledgements
T166 25270-25398 Sentence denotes We thank Martial Mettendorff, Deputy Director of Santé publique France for his support in the early phase of the investigations.
T167 25400-25418 Sentence denotes Investigation team
T168 25419-25520 Sentence denotes Santé publique France, Direction des régions, Cellule Régionale Nouvelle Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France:
T169 25521-25561 Sentence denotes Laurent Filleul, Stéphanie Vandentorren.
T170 25562-25661 Sentence denotes Santé publique France, Direction des régions, Cellule Régionale Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Lyon, France:
T171 25662-25684 Sentence denotes Guillaume Spaccaferri.
T172 25685-25797 Sentence denotes Santé publique France, Direction des régions, Cellule Régionale Hauts-de-France, Lille, France: Hélène Prouvost.
T173 25798-25996 Sentence denotes Centre national de référence Virus des infections respiratoires, dont la grippe, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France: Mélanie Albert, Marion Barbet, Angela Brisebarre, Flora Donati, Sylvie van der Werf.
T174 25997-26052 Sentence denotes Agence Régionale de Santé Ile-de-France, Paris, France:
T175 26053-26098 Sentence denotes Alexis Ardoin, Marion Dreyer, Karim Tararbit.
T176 26099-26162 Sentence denotes Agence Régionale de Santé Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France:
T177 26163-26227 Sentence denotes Matthieu Amodeo, Elodie Couaillier, Pascal Fabre, Daniel Habold.
T178 26228-26310 Sentence denotes Santé publique France, Direction des maladies infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France:
T179 26311-26322 Sentence denotes Didier Che.
T180 26323-26409 Sentence denotes AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Paris, France:
T181 26410-26662 Sentence denotes Gisèle Bendjelloul, Marine Billaudelle Lallemant, Valentine Charachon, Laurène Deconinck, Diane Descamps, Sandrine Gérard, Nadirha Houhou, Quentin Le Hingrat, Isabelle Lolom, Jean-Christophe Lucet, Annabelle Pourbaix, Simon Valayer, Yazdan Yazdanpanah.
T182 26663-26753 Sentence denotes Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux GeoSentinel Site, Bordeaux, France:
T183 26754-26982 Sentence denotes Alexandre Boyer, Benjamin Clouzeau, Xavier Combes, Arnaud Desclaux, Jean-Michel Dindart, Alexandre Duvignaud, Isabelle Garrigue, Didier Gruson, Marie-Edith Lafon, Pauline Perreau, Thierry Pistone, Maxime Poteau, Eric Tentillier.
T184 26983-27158 Sentence denotes Direction Générale de la Santé, Ministère des solidarités et de la santé, Centre opérationnel de réception et de régulation des urgences sanitaires et sociales, Paris, France:
T185 27159-27174 Sentence denotes Pauline Mathieu
T186 27176-27197 Sentence denotes Conflict of interest:
T187 27198-27212 Sentence denotes None declared.
T188 27213-27236 Sentence denotes Authors’ contributions:
T189 27237-27294 Sentence denotes All authors provided critical feedback on the manuscript.
T190 27295-27408 Sentence denotes Sibylle Bernard Stoecklin, Bruno Coignard and Daniel Levy-Bruhl wrote the manuscript with input from all authors.
T191 27409-27740 Sentence denotes Sibylle Bernard Stoecklin, Patrick Rolland, Alexandra Mailles, Christine Campese, Didier Che, Clément Lazarus, Anouk Tabaï, Morgane Stempfelet, Bruno Coignard and Daniel Levy-Bruhl contributed to the design and implementation of the surveillance system, as well as the coordination between all parties involved in the surveillance.
T192 27741-28049 Sentence denotes Patrick Rolland, Yassoungo Silue, Alexandra Mailles, Christine Campese, Anne Simondon, Matthieu Mechain, Laure Meurice, Mathieu Nguyen, Clément Bassi, Estelle Yamani, Scarlett Georges, as well as all members of the investigation team contributed to the investigations and the active surveillance of contacts.
T193 28050-28253 Sentence denotes Sophie Ismael, Duc Nguyen, Denis Malvy and François Xavier Lescure are the clinicians in charge of the three 2019-nCoV cases and contributed to data collection on clinical history, exposure and contacts.
T194 28254-28435 Sentence denotes Sylvie Behillil and Vincent Enouf contributed to the laboratory confirmation of 2019-nCoV infection in the three imported cases, as well as the testing of samples of possible cases.
T195 28437-28455 Sentence denotes Supplementary Data
T196 28456-28466 Sentence denotes Supplement
T197 28467-28503 Sentence denotes Click here for additional data file.