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PMC:7029449 / 124-15809 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
15 80-97 Species denotes novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
16 99-108 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
17 216-221 Species denotes human Tax:9606
18 448-457 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
19 490-496 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
20 135-144 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
21 222-232 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
22 528-538 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
23 630-640 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
24 721-731 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
25 853-872 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infection MESH:C000657245
64 4593-4601 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
30 1164-1173 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
31 1148-1158 Disease denotes Infections MESH:D007239
32 1861-1869 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
33 1918-1927 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
35 2832-2841 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
44 3594-3647 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Tax:694009
45 3649-3657 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
46 4094-4103 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
47 4127-4136 Species denotes influenza Tax:11309
48 2916-2925 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
49 3066-3085 Disease denotes respiratory illness MESH:D012140
50 3487-3496 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
51 3898-3914 Disease denotes virus infections MESH:D001102
61 5268-5272 Gene denotes face Gene:2178
62 4447-4460 Species denotes Coronaviruses Tax:11118
63 4481-4486 Species denotes human Tax:9606
65 4918-4927 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
66 5096-5105 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
67 5177-5186 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
68 4670-4678 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
69 4826-4834 Disease denotes flushing MESH:D005483
87 5369-5374 Species denotes human Tax:9606
88 5717-5726 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
89 6229-6238 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
90 6097-6106 Species denotes influenza Tax:11309
91 6161-6170 Species denotes influenza Tax:11309
92 6262-6271 Species denotes influenza Tax:11309
93 6348-6357 Species denotes influenza Tax:11309
94 5375-5385 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
95 5436-5445 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
96 5492-5502 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
97 5517-5526 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
98 5561-5571 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
99 5803-5813 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
100 5826-5836 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
101 5893-5913 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infections MESH:C000657245
102 6053-6062 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
103 6315-6324 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
109 6734-6739 Species denotes women Tax:9606
110 6782-6790 Species denotes children Tax:9606
111 6541-6551 Disease denotes Infections MESH:D007239
112 6597-6602 Disease denotes obese MESH:D009765
113 6711-6721 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
122 7021-7029 Species denotes children Tax:9606
123 7624-7629 Species denotes child Tax:9606
124 7665-7673 Species denotes children Tax:9606
125 7694-7703 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
126 6988-6997 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
127 7045-7054 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
128 7085-7094 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
129 7325-7333 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
134 8192-8201 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
135 8226-8234 Species denotes MERS-CoV Tax:1335626
136 7998-8017 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infection MESH:C000657245
137 8402-8411 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
141 8665-8674 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
142 8800-8807 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
143 8647-8656 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
147 9484-9491 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
148 9897-9906 Species denotes influenza Tax:11309
149 9475-9483 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
151 10420-10423 Disease denotes GPS MESH:D055652
157 10727-10731 Gene denotes Face Gene:2178
158 10640-10644 Gene denotes face Gene:2178
159 10854-10861 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
160 10909-10916 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
161 11062-11069 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
171 12128-12136 Species denotes children Tax:9606
172 13132-13140 Species denotes children Tax:9606
173 11737-11746 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
174 11748-11756 Disease denotes zoonotic MESH:D015047
175 12798-12803 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
176 13055-13064 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
177 13145-13153 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
178 13289-13299 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
179 13586-13596 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
187 14340-14348 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
188 14410-14419 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
189 14454-14462 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
190 14881-14890 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
191 14083-14103 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infections MESH:C000657245
192 14163-14173 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
193 14396-14404 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
201 15528-15536 Species denotes children Tax:9606
202 15595-15604 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
203 15643-15660 Species denotes human coronavirus Tax:694448
204 15280-15289 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
205 15472-15482 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
206 15547-15555 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
207 15680-15684 Disease denotes cold MESH:D000067390

LitCovid-PMC-OGER-BB

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T87 11245-11254 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T86 8665-8674 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T85 8800-8807 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes persons
T84 9484-9491 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes persons
T83 9781-9793 GO:0000003 denotes reproductive
T82 10640-10644 UBERON:0001456 denotes face
T81 10854-10861 NCBITaxon:1 denotes persons
T80 10909-10916 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes persons
T79 11062-11069 NCBITaxon:1 denotes persons
T78 11126-11130 SO:0000730 denotes gaps
T77 14083-14092 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T76 14410-14419 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T75 14569-14573 SO:0000730 denotes gaps
T74 14881-14890 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T73 15203-15224 CHEBI:52217;CHEBI:52217 denotes pharmaceutical agents
T72 15595-15604 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T71 15643-15648 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T70 15649-15660 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes coronavirus
T69 5369-5374 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T68 5609-5615 UBERON:0007023 denotes adults
T67 5717-5726 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T66 5893-5902 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T65 6229-6238 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T64 6589-6595 UBERON:0007023 denotes adults
T63 6603-6614 NCBITaxon:1 denotes individuals
T62 6725-6733 GO:0007565 denotes pregnant
T61 7118-7124 UBERON:0002405 denotes immune
T60 7258-7263 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes virus
T59 7295-7300 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes virus
T58 7694-7703 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T57 7998-8007 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T56 8115-8125 GO:0042571 denotes antibodies
T55 8192-8201 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T54 8226-8234 SP_9 denotes MERS-CoV
T53 8300-8310 GO:0042571 denotes antibodies
T52 8368-8376 GO:0042571 denotes antibody
T51 1164-1173 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T50 1190-1196 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes person
T49 1200-1206 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes person
T48 1260-1272 GO:0000003 denotes reproductive
T47 1507-1519 GO:0000003 denotes reproductive
T46 1632-1644 GO:0000003 denotes reproductive
T45 1712-1724 GO:0000003 denotes reproductive
T44 2702-2707 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes virus
T43 2832-2841 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T42 3040-3046 NCBITaxon:1 denotes person
T41 3066-3077 UBERON:0001004 denotes respiratory
T40 3136-3142 NCBITaxon:1 denotes person
T39 3187-3193 GO:0007613 denotes recall
T38 3514-3519 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T37 3607-3618 UBERON:0001004 denotes respiratory
T36 3636-3647 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes coronavirus
T35 3649-3657 SP_10 denotes SARS-CoV
T34 3750-3755 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T33 3799-3806 GO:0065007 denotes control
T32 3814-3818 SP_10 denotes SARS
T31 3888-3897 NCBITaxon:7719 denotes influenza
T30 3898-3903 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes virus
T29 3916-3921 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes virus
T28 4094-4103 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T27 4214-4218 SP_10 denotes SARS
T26 4236-4247 NCBITaxon:11886 denotes respiratory
T25 4248-4255 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viruses
T24 4288-4299 UBERON:0001004 denotes respiratory
T23 4319-4330 NCBITaxon:11886;UBERON:0001004 denotes respiratory
T22 4331-4338 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viruses
T21 4447-4460 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes Coronaviruses
T20 4481-4486 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T19 4487-4509 UBERON:0001555 denotes gastrointestinal tract
T18 4530-4534 UBERON:0000165 denotes oral
T17 4593-4601 SP_10 denotes SARS-CoV
T16 4704-4708 UBERON:0000165 denotes oral
T15 4918-4927 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T14 5096-5105 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T12 5268-5272 UBERON:0001456 denotes face
T11 86-97 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes coronavirus
T10 99-108 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T9 216-221 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T8 448-457 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T7 490-496 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes humans
T6 564-570 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes person
T5 574-580 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes person
T4 853-862 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T13 5177-5186 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 4487-4509 Body_part denotes gastrointestinal tract http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma71132
T2 5268-5272 Body_part denotes face http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728
T3 5314-5318 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T4 8368-8376 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T5 10640-10644 Body_part denotes face http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728
T6 10727-10731 Body_part denotes Face http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 5268-5272 Body_part denotes face http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456
T2 5314-5318 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T3 6151-6157 Body_part denotes scales http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002542
T4 10640-10644 Body_part denotes face http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456
T5 10727-10731 Body_part denotes Face http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 135-144 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T2 222-232 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T3 528-538 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T4 630-640 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T5 721-731 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T6 853-872 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T7 863-872 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T8 1918-1927 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T9 2916-2925 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T10 3478-3496 Disease denotes hospital infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0043544
T11 3487-3496 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T12 3574-3588 Disease denotes infectiousness http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T13 3594-3627 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T14 3649-3657 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T15 3814-3818 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T16 3888-3897 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T17 3898-3914 Disease denotes virus infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T18 4127-4136 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T19 4214-4218 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T20 4593-4601 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T21 5375-5385 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T22 5436-5445 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T23 5492-5502 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T24 5517-5526 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T25 5561-5571 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T26 5803-5813 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T27 5826-5836 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T28 5893-5913 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T29 6053-6062 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T30 6097-6106 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T31 6161-6170 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T32 6262-6271 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T33 6315-6324 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T34 6348-6357 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T35 6711-6724 Disease denotes infections in http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T36 6988-6997 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T37 7045-7054 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T38 7085-7094 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T39 7998-8017 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T40 8008-8017 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T41 8402-8411 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T42 8647-8656 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T43 9897-9906 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T44 10420-10423 Disease denotes GPS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007686
T45 11737-11746 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T46 13055-13064 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T47 13178-13188 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T48 13289-13299 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T49 13586-13596 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T50 14083-14103 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T51 14163-14173 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T52 15280-15289 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T53 15472-15482 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T54 15673-15684 Disease denotes common cold http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005709

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 78-79 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T2 122-123 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T3 216-221 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T4 274-275 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T5 490-496 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T6 812-813 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T7 1321-1322 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T8 1414-1415 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T9 1484-1485 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T10 1732-1735 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T11 2016-2018 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T12 2097-2098 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T13 2180-2181 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T14 2319-2322 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T15 2702-2707 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T16 2974-2976 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T17 3016-3017 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T18 3064-3065 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T19 3432-3435 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T20 3898-3903 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T21 3916-3921 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T22 4032-4033 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T23 4248-4255 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T24 4331-4338 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T25 4439-4440 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T26 4481-4486 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T27 4487-4509 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005409 denotes gastrointestinal tract
T28 4564-4565 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T29 4937-4940 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T30 5076-5082 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T31 5268-5272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes face
T32 5369-5374 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T33 5410-5411 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T34 6448-6449 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T35 6808-6810 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T36 6821-6822 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T37 7258-7263 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T38 7295-7300 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T39 7493-7494 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T40 8317-8318 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T41 8561-8562 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T42 8707-8710 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T43 8840-8841 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T44 9176-9177 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T45 9199-9200 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T46 9498-9499 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T47 10090-10092 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T48 10267-10268 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T49 10640-10644 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes face
T50 10667-10668 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T51 10727-10731 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes Face
T52 10940-10941 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T53 12512-12517 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T54 12545-12550 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes Virus
T55 13983-13984 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T56 14292-14293 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T57 14600-14601 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T58 14635-14636 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T59 14871-14876 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T60 15388-15395 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009609 denotes wishful
T61 15643-15648 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 6832-6837 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T2 7010-7015 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T3 7816-7824 Chemical denotes carriers http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78059
T4 13662-13676 Chemical denotes pharmaceutical http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52217
T5 15203-15217 Chemical denotes pharmaceutical http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52217

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 135-144 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T2 3066-3085 Phenotype denotes respiratory illness http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002086
T3 4826-4834 Phenotype denotes flushing http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031284
T4 5436-5445 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T5 5517-5526 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T6 5819-5836 Phenotype denotes severe infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032169
T7 13048-13064 Phenotype denotes severe infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032169

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 171-180 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006810 denotes transport
T2 1571-1580 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behaviour
T3 2597-2610 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behaviours or
T4 3514-3528 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T5 9326-9332 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 denotes growth
T6 11978-11992 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T2 0-202 Sentence denotes It is now 6 weeks since Chinese health authorities announced the discovery of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) [1] causing a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, the major transport hub of central China.
T3 203-368 Sentence denotes The earliest human infections had occurred by early December 2019, and a large wet market in central Wuhan was linked to most, but not all, of the initial cases [2].
T4 369-585 Sentence denotes While evidence from the initial outbreak investigations seemed to suggest that 2019-nCoV could not easily spread between humans [3], it is now very clear that infections have been spreading from person to person [2].
T5 586-811 Sentence denotes We recently estimated that more than 75,000 infections may have occurred in Wuhan as at 25 January 2020 [4], and increasing numbers of infections continue to be detected in other cities in mainland China and around the world.
T6 812-1124 Sentence denotes A number of important characteristics of 2019-nCoV infection have already been identified, but in order to calibrate public health responses we need improved information on transmission dynamics, severity of the disease, immunity, and the impact of control and mitigation measures that have been applied to date.
T7 1126-1147 Sentence denotes Transmission dynamics
T8 1148-1360 Sentence denotes Infections with 2019-nCoV can spread from person to person, and in the earliest phase of the outbreak the basic reproductive number was estimated to be around 2.2, assuming a mean serial interval of 7.5 days [2].
T9 1361-1527 Sentence denotes The serial interval was not precisely estimated, and a potentially shorter mean serial interval would have corresponded to a slightly lower basic reproductive number.
T10 1528-1652 Sentence denotes Control measures and changes in population behaviour later in January should have reduced the effective reproductive number.
T11 1653-1894 Sentence denotes However, it is too early to estimate whether the effective reproductive number has been reduced to below the critical threshold of 1 because cases currently being detected and reported would have mostly been infected in mid- to late-January.
T12 1895-2130 Sentence denotes Average delays between infection and illness onset have been estimated at around 5–6 days, with an upper limit of around 11-14 days [2,5], and delays from illness onset to laboratory confirmation added a further 10 days on average [2].
T13 2131-2228 Sentence denotes Chains of transmission have now been reported in a number of locations outside of mainland China.
T14 2229-2412 Sentence denotes Within the coming days or weeks it will become clear whether sustained local transmission has been occurring in other cities outside of Hubei province in China, or in other countries.
T15 2413-2678 Sentence denotes If sustained transmission does occur in other locations, it would be valuable to determine whether there is variation in transmissibility by location, for example because of different behaviours or control measures, or because of different environmental conditions.
T16 2679-2864 Sentence denotes To address the latter, virus survival studies can be done in the laboratory to confirm whether there are preferred ranges of temperature or humidity for 2019-nCoV transmission to occur.
T17 2865-3090 Sentence denotes In an analysis of the first 425 confirmed cases of infection, 73% of cases with illness onset between 12 and 22 January reported no exposure to either a wet market or another person with symptoms of a respiratory illness [2].
T18 3091-3301 Sentence denotes The lack of reported exposure to another ill person could be attributed to lack of awareness or recall bias, but China’s health minister publicly warned that pre-symptomatic transmission could be occurring [6].
T19 3302-3505 Sentence denotes Determining the extent to which asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic transmission might be occurring is an urgent priority, because it has direct implications for public health and hospital infection control.
T20 3506-3589 Sentence denotes Data on viral shedding dynamics could help in assessing duration of infectiousness.
T21 3590-3785 Sentence denotes For severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV), infectivity peaked at around 10 days after illness onset [7], consistent with the peak in viral load at around that time [8].
T22 3786-3883 Sentence denotes This allowed control of the SARS epidemic through prompt detection of cases and strict isolation.
T23 3884-4059 Sentence denotes For influenza virus infections, virus shedding is highest on the day of illness onset and relatively higher from shortly before symptom onset until a few days after onset [9].
T24 4060-4219 Sentence denotes To date, transmission patterns of 2019-nCoV appear more similar to influenza, with contagiousness occurring around the time of symptom onset, rather than SARS.
T25 4220-4446 Sentence denotes Transmission of respiratory viruses generally happens through large respiratory droplets, but some respiratory viruses can spread through fine particle aerosols [10], and indirect transmission via fomites can also play a role.
T26 4447-4588 Sentence denotes Coronaviruses can also infect the human gastrointestinal tract [11,12], and faecal-oral transmission might also play a role in this instance.
T27 4589-4848 Sentence denotes The SARS-CoV superspreading event at Amoy Gardens where more than 300 cases were infected was attributed to faecal-oral, then airborne, spread through pressure differentials between contaminated effluent pipes, bathroom floor drains and flushing toilets [13].
T28 4849-5134 Sentence denotes The first large identifiable superspreading event during the present 2019-nCoV outbreak has apparently taken place on the Diamond Princess cruise liner quarantined off the coast of Yokohama, Japan, with at least 130 passengers tested positive for 2019-nCoV as at 10 February 2020 [14].
T29 5135-5327 Sentence denotes Identifying which modes are important for 2019-nCoV transmission would inform the importance of personal protective measures such as face masks (and specifically which types) and hand hygiene.
T30 5329-5358 Sentence denotes Disease severity and immunity
T31 5359-5527 Sentence denotes The first human infections were identified through a surveillance system for pneumonia of unknown aetiology, and all of the earliest infections therefore had pneumonia.
T32 5528-5837 Sentence denotes It is well established that some infections can be severe, particularly in older adults with underlying medical conditions [15,16], but based on the generally mild clinical presentation of 2019-nCoV cases detected outside China, it appears that there could be many more mild infections than severe infections.
T33 5838-6030 Sentence denotes Determining the spectrum of clinical manifestations of 2019-nCoV infections is perhaps the most urgent research priority, because it determines the strength of public health response required.
T34 6031-6282 Sentence denotes If the seriousness of infection is similar to the 1918/19 Spanish influenza, and therefore at the upper end of severity scales in influenza pandemic plans, the same responses would be warranted for 2019-nCoV as for the most severe influenza pandemics.
T35 6283-6440 Sentence denotes If, however, the seriousness of infection is similar to seasonal influenza, especially during milder seasons, mitigation measures could be tuned accordingly.
T36 6441-6540 Sentence denotes Beyond a robust assessment of overall severity, it is also important to determine high risk groups.
T37 6541-6795 Sentence denotes Infections would likely be more severe in older adults, obese individuals or those with underlying medical conditions, but there have not yet been reports of severity of infections in pregnant women, and very few cases have been reported in children [2].
T38 6796-7016 Sentence denotes Those under 18 years are a critical group to study in order to tease out the relative roles of susceptibility vs severity as possible underlying causes for the very rare recorded instances of infection in this age group.
T39 7017-7095 Sentence denotes Are children protected from infection or do they not fall ill after infection?
T40 7096-7264 Sentence denotes If they are naturally immune, which is unlikely, we should understand why; otherwise, even if they do not show symptoms, it is important to know if they shed the virus.
T41 7265-7396 Sentence denotes Obviously, the question about virus shedding of those being infected but asymptomatic leads to the crucial question of infectivity.
T42 7397-7655 Sentence denotes Answers to these questions are especially pertinent as basis for decisions on school closure as a social distancing intervention, which can be hugely disruptive not only for students but also because of its knock-on effect for child care and parental duties.
T43 7656-7825 Sentence denotes Very few children have been confirmed 2019-nCoV cases so far but that does not necessarily mean that they are less susceptible or that they could not be latent carriers.
T44 7826-7941 Sentence denotes Serosurveys in affected locations could inform this, in addition to truly assessing the clinical severity spectrum.
T45 7942-8147 Sentence denotes Another question on susceptibility is regarding whether 2019-nCoV infection confers neutralising immunity, usually but not always, indicated by the presence of neutralising antibodies in convalescent sera.
T46 8148-8316 Sentence denotes Some experts already questioned whether the 2019-nCoV may behave similarly to MERS-CoV in cases exhibiting mild symptoms without eliciting neutralising antibodies [17].
T47 8317-8434 Sentence denotes A separate question pertains to the possibility of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection or of disease [18,19].
T48 8435-8527 Sentence denotes If either of these were to be relevant, the transmission dynamics could become more complex.
T49 8529-8560 Sentence denotes Control and mitigation measures
T50 8561-8675 Sentence denotes A wide range of control measures can be considered to contain or mitigate an emerging infection such as 2019-nCoV.
T51 8676-8948 Sentence denotes Internationally, the past week has seen an increasing number of countries issue travel advisories or outright entry bans on persons from Hubei province or China as a whole, as well as substantial cuts in flights to and from affected areas out of commercial considerations.
T52 8949-9134 Sentence denotes Evaluation of these mobility restrictions can confirm their potential effectiveness in delaying local epidemics [20], and can also inform when as well as how to lift these restrictions.
T53 9135-9497 Sentence denotes If and when local transmission begins in a particular location, a variety of community mitigation measures can be implemented by health authorities to reduce transmission and thus reduce the growth rate of an epidemic, reduce the height of the epidemic peak and the peak demand on healthcare services, as well as reduce the total number of infected persons [21].
T54 9498-9647 Sentence denotes A number of social distancing measures have already been implemented in Chinese cities in the past few weeks including school and workplace closures.
T55 9648-9877 Sentence denotes It should now be an urgent priority to quantify the effects of these measures and specifically whether they can reduce the effective reproductive number below 1, because this will guide the response strategies in other locations.
T56 9878-10094 Sentence denotes During the 1918/19 influenza pandemic, cities in the United States, which implemented the most aggressive and sustained community measures were the most successful ones in mitigating the impact of that pandemic [22].
T57 10095-10375 Sentence denotes Similarly to international travel interventions, local social distancing measures should be assessed for their impact and when they could be safely discontinued, albeit in a coordinated and deliberate manner across China such that recrudescence in the epidemic curve is minimised.
T58 10376-10605 Sentence denotes Mobile telephony global positioning system (GPS) data and location services data from social media providers such as Baidu and Tencent in China could become the first occasion when these data inform outbreak control in real time.
T59 10606-10726 Sentence denotes At the individual level, surgical face masks have often been a particularly visible image from affected cities in China.
T60 10727-10917 Sentence denotes Face masks are essential components of personal protective equipment in healthcare settings, and should be recommended for ill persons in the community or for those who care for ill persons.
T61 10918-11095 Sentence denotes However, there is now a shortage of supply of masks in China and elsewhere, and debates are ongoing about their protective value for uninfected persons in the general community.
T62 11096-11178 Sentence denotes The Table summarises research gaps to guide the public health response identified.
T63 11179-11254 Sentence denotes Table Research priorities to guide the public health response to 2019-nCoV
T64 11255-11312 Sentence denotes Domain Priorities Study designs / data sources required
T65 11313-11537 Sentence denotes Transmission dynamics Provide robust estimates of the serial interval and generation time Detailed exposure and illness onset information from unselected case clusters in line lists, preferably from more than one epicentre
T66 11538-11820 Sentence denotes Estimate effective reproductive number (Rt) in other cities (i.e. ex-Wuhan) in China and elsewhere Epidemic curves for each city by dates of illness onset, preferably stratified by likely source of infection (zoonotic, environmental point source, local case vs imported index case)
T67 11821-12054 Sentence denotes Clarify the relative importance of pre-symptomatic / asymptomatic transmission Detailed reports of transmission events and symptomatic status of infectors; viral shedding data; special studies in households and other closed settings
T68 12055-12219 Sentence denotes Determine the role of different age groups in transmission, particularly children Transmission studies in households and other closed settings; serological studies
T69 12220-12476 Sentence denotes Determine the relative importance of possible modes of transmission Outbreak investigations, in particular for superspreading events; environmental sampling, air sampling and exhaled breath sampling; special studies in households and other closed settings
T70 12477-12625 Sentence denotes Determine environmental effects on virus survival and transmission Virus survival studies in situ vivo and in vitro; environmental sampling studies
T71 12626-12836 Sentence denotes Severity Provide robust estimates of the risk of fatality of hospitalised cases, by age or other important groupings Reports from unselected clinical cohorts of times to death or recovery among resolved cases
T72 12837-13015 Sentence denotes Provide robust estimates of the risk of fatality of symptomatic cases, by age or other important groupings Estimates of incidence from population-wide surveillance of mild cases
T73 13016-13102 Sentence denotes Identify groups at high risk of severe infection Case–control studies; cohort studies
T74 13103-13271 Sentence denotes Susceptibility Determine if children are infected, and if so, if they are infectious Transmission studies in households and other closed settings; serological studies
T75 13272-13407 Sentence denotes Determine if all infections result in neutralising immunity Convalescent serology from mild as well as severe cases, in all age groups
T76 13408-13596 Sentence denotes Control measures Provide impact estimates of travel restrictions, border screening and quarantine policies on non-local spread Modelling analyses of local and global spread of infections
T77 13597-13775 Sentence denotes Estimate the effects of social distancing measures and other non-pharmaceutical interventions on transmissibility Comparative analyses of transmissibility in different locations
T78 13776-14104 Sentence denotes Predict the most effective measures to reduce the peak burden on healthcare providers and other societal functions Modelling studies incorporating healthcare capacity and processes In conclusion, there are a number of urgent research priorities to inform the public health response to the global spread of 2019-nCoV infections.
T79 14105-14541 Sentence denotes Establishing robust estimates of the clinical severity of infections is probably the most pressing, because flattening out the surge in hospital admissions would be essential if there is a danger of hospitals becoming overwhelmed with patients who require inpatient care, not only for those infected with 2019-nCoV but also for urgent acute care of patients with other conditions including those scheduled for procedures and operations.
T80 14542-14912 Sentence denotes In addressing the research gaps identified here, there is a need for strong collaboration of a competent corps of epidemiological scientists and public health workers who have the flexibility to cope with the surge capacity required, as well as support from laboratories that can deliver on the ever rising demand for diagnostic tests for 2019-nCoV and related sequelae.
T81 14913-15132 Sentence denotes The readiness survey by Reusken et al. in this issue of Eurosurveillance testifies to the rapid response and capabilities of laboratories across Europe should the outbreak originating in Wuhan reach this continent [23].
T82 15133-15299 Sentence denotes In the medium term, we look towards the identification of efficacious pharmaceutical agents to prevent and treat what may likely become an endemic infection globally.
T83 15300-15511 Sentence denotes Beyond the first year, one interesting possibility in the longer term, perhaps borne of wishful hope, is that after the first few epidemic waves, the subsequent endemic re-infections could be of milder severity.
T84 15512-15685 Sentence denotes Particularly if children are being infected and are developing immunity hereafter, 2019-nCoV could optimistically become the fifth human coronavirus causing the common cold.