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PMC:7029449 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
2 84-101 Species denotes novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
3 103-112 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
15 204-221 Species denotes novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
16 223-232 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
17 340-345 Species denotes human Tax:9606
18 572-581 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
19 614-620 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
20 259-268 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
21 346-356 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
22 652-662 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
23 754-764 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
24 845-855 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
25 977-996 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infection MESH:C000657245
64 4717-4725 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
30 1288-1297 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
31 1272-1282 Disease denotes Infections MESH:D007239
32 1985-1993 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
33 2042-2051 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
35 2956-2965 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
44 3718-3771 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Tax:694009
45 3773-3781 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
46 4218-4227 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
47 4251-4260 Species denotes influenza Tax:11309
48 3040-3049 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
49 3190-3209 Disease denotes respiratory illness MESH:D012140
50 3611-3620 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
51 4022-4038 Disease denotes virus infections MESH:D001102
61 5392-5396 Gene denotes face Gene:2178
62 4571-4584 Species denotes Coronaviruses Tax:11118
63 4605-4610 Species denotes human Tax:9606
65 5042-5051 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
66 5220-5229 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
67 5301-5310 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
68 4794-4802 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
69 4950-4958 Disease denotes flushing MESH:D005483
87 5493-5498 Species denotes human Tax:9606
88 5841-5850 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
89 6353-6362 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
90 6221-6230 Species denotes influenza Tax:11309
91 6285-6294 Species denotes influenza Tax:11309
92 6386-6395 Species denotes influenza Tax:11309
93 6472-6481 Species denotes influenza Tax:11309
94 5499-5509 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
95 5560-5569 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
96 5616-5626 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
97 5641-5650 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
98 5685-5695 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
99 5927-5937 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
100 5950-5960 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
101 6017-6037 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infections MESH:C000657245
102 6177-6186 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
103 6439-6448 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
109 6858-6863 Species denotes women Tax:9606
110 6906-6914 Species denotes children Tax:9606
111 6665-6675 Disease denotes Infections MESH:D007239
112 6721-6726 Disease denotes obese MESH:D009765
113 6835-6845 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
122 7145-7153 Species denotes children Tax:9606
123 7748-7753 Species denotes child Tax:9606
124 7789-7797 Species denotes children Tax:9606
125 7818-7827 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
126 7112-7121 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
127 7169-7178 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
128 7209-7218 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
129 7449-7457 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
134 8316-8325 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
135 8350-8358 Species denotes MERS-CoV Tax:1335626
136 8122-8141 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infection MESH:C000657245
137 8526-8535 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
141 8789-8798 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
142 8924-8931 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
143 8771-8780 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
147 9608-9615 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
148 10021-10030 Species denotes influenza Tax:11309
149 9599-9607 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
151 10544-10547 Disease denotes GPS MESH:D055652
157 10851-10855 Gene denotes Face Gene:2178
158 10764-10768 Gene denotes face Gene:2178
159 10978-10985 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
160 11033-11040 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
161 11186-11193 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
171 12252-12260 Species denotes children Tax:9606
172 13256-13264 Species denotes children Tax:9606
173 11861-11870 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
174 11872-11880 Disease denotes zoonotic MESH:D015047
175 12922-12927 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
176 13179-13188 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
177 13269-13277 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
178 13413-13423 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
179 13710-13720 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
187 14464-14472 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
188 14534-14543 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
189 14578-14586 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
190 15005-15014 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
191 14207-14227 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infections MESH:C000657245
192 14287-14297 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
193 14520-14528 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
201 15652-15660 Species denotes children Tax:9606
202 15719-15728 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
203 15767-15784 Species denotes human coronavirus Tax:694448
204 15404-15413 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
205 15596-15606 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
206 15671-15679 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
207 15804-15808 Disease denotes cold MESH:D000067390
210 16037-16040 Gene denotes GML Gene:2765
211 15976-15986 Disease denotes Critically MESH:D016638

LitCovid-PMC-OGER-BB

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T87 11369-11378 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T86 8789-8798 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T85 8924-8931 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes persons
T84 9608-9615 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes persons
T83 9905-9917 GO:0000003 denotes reproductive
T82 10764-10768 UBERON:0001456 denotes face
T81 10978-10985 NCBITaxon:1 denotes persons
T80 11033-11040 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes persons
T79 11186-11193 NCBITaxon:1 denotes persons
T78 11250-11254 SO:0000730 denotes gaps
T77 14207-14216 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T76 14534-14543 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T75 14693-14697 SO:0000730 denotes gaps
T74 15005-15014 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T73 15327-15348 CHEBI:52217;CHEBI:52217 denotes pharmaceutical agents
T72 15719-15728 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T71 15767-15772 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T70 15773-15784 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes coronavirus
T69 5493-5498 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T68 5733-5739 UBERON:0007023 denotes adults
T67 5841-5850 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T66 6017-6026 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T65 6353-6362 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T64 6713-6719 UBERON:0007023 denotes adults
T63 6727-6738 NCBITaxon:1 denotes individuals
T62 6849-6857 GO:0007565 denotes pregnant
T61 7242-7248 UBERON:0002405 denotes immune
T60 7382-7387 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes virus
T59 7419-7424 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes virus
T58 7818-7827 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T57 8122-8131 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T56 8239-8249 GO:0042571 denotes antibodies
T55 8316-8325 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T54 8350-8358 SP_9 denotes MERS-CoV
T53 8424-8434 GO:0042571 denotes antibodies
T52 8492-8500 GO:0042571 denotes antibody
T51 1288-1297 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T50 1314-1320 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes person
T49 1324-1330 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes person
T48 1384-1396 GO:0000003 denotes reproductive
T47 1631-1643 GO:0000003 denotes reproductive
T46 1756-1768 GO:0000003 denotes reproductive
T45 1836-1848 GO:0000003 denotes reproductive
T44 2826-2831 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes virus
T43 2956-2965 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T42 3164-3170 NCBITaxon:1 denotes person
T41 3190-3201 UBERON:0001004 denotes respiratory
T40 3260-3266 NCBITaxon:1 denotes person
T39 3311-3317 GO:0007613 denotes recall
T38 3638-3643 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T37 3731-3742 UBERON:0001004 denotes respiratory
T36 3760-3771 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes coronavirus
T35 3773-3781 SP_10 denotes SARS-CoV
T34 3874-3879 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T33 3923-3930 GO:0065007 denotes control
T32 3938-3942 SP_10 denotes SARS
T31 4012-4021 NCBITaxon:7719 denotes influenza
T30 4022-4027 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes virus
T29 4040-4045 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes virus
T28 4218-4227 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T27 4338-4342 SP_10 denotes SARS
T26 4360-4371 NCBITaxon:11886 denotes respiratory
T25 4372-4379 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viruses
T24 4412-4423 UBERON:0001004 denotes respiratory
T23 4443-4454 NCBITaxon:11886;UBERON:0001004 denotes respiratory
T22 4455-4462 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viruses
T21 4571-4584 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes Coronaviruses
T20 4605-4610 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T19 4611-4633 UBERON:0001555 denotes gastrointestinal tract
T18 4654-4658 UBERON:0000165 denotes oral
T17 4717-4725 SP_10 denotes SARS-CoV
T16 4828-4832 UBERON:0000165 denotes oral
T15 5042-5051 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T14 5220-5229 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T12 5392-5396 UBERON:0001456 denotes face
T11 210-221 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes coronavirus
T10 223-232 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T9 340-345 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T8 572-581 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T7 614-620 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes humans
T6 688-694 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes person
T5 698-704 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes person
T4 977-986 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T1 103-112 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T2 90-101 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes coronavirus
T3 54-61 GO:0065007 denotes control
T13 5301-5310 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 4611-4633 Body_part denotes gastrointestinal tract http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma71132
T2 5392-5396 Body_part denotes face http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728
T3 5438-5442 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T4 8492-8500 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T5 10764-10768 Body_part denotes face http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728
T6 10851-10855 Body_part denotes Face http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 5392-5396 Body_part denotes face http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456
T2 5438-5442 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T3 6275-6281 Body_part denotes scales http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002542
T4 10764-10768 Body_part denotes face http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456
T5 10851-10855 Body_part denotes Face http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 259-268 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T2 346-356 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T3 652-662 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T4 754-764 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T5 845-855 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T6 977-996 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T7 987-996 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T8 2042-2051 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T9 3040-3049 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T10 3602-3620 Disease denotes hospital infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0043544
T11 3611-3620 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T12 3698-3712 Disease denotes infectiousness http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T13 3718-3751 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T14 3773-3781 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T15 3938-3942 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T16 4012-4021 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T17 4022-4038 Disease denotes virus infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T18 4251-4260 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T19 4338-4342 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T20 4717-4725 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T21 5499-5509 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T22 5560-5569 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T23 5616-5626 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T24 5641-5650 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T25 5685-5695 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T26 5927-5937 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T27 5950-5960 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T28 6017-6037 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T29 6177-6186 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T30 6221-6230 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T31 6285-6294 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T32 6386-6395 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T33 6439-6448 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T34 6472-6481 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T35 6835-6848 Disease denotes infections in http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T36 7112-7121 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T37 7169-7178 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T38 7209-7218 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T39 8122-8141 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T40 8132-8141 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T41 8526-8535 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T42 8771-8780 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T43 10021-10030 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T44 10544-10547 Disease denotes GPS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007686
T45 11861-11870 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T46 13179-13188 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T47 13302-13312 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T48 13413-13423 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T49 13710-13720 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T50 14207-14227 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T51 14287-14297 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T52 15404-15413 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T53 15596-15606 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T54 15797-15808 Disease denotes common cold http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005709

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 202-203 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T2 246-247 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T3 340-345 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T4 398-399 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T5 614-620 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T6 936-937 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T7 1445-1446 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T8 1538-1539 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T9 1608-1609 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T10 1856-1859 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T11 2140-2142 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T12 2221-2222 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T13 2304-2305 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T14 2443-2446 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T15 2826-2831 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T16 3098-3100 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T17 3140-3141 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T18 3188-3189 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T19 3556-3559 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T20 4022-4027 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T21 4040-4045 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T22 4156-4157 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T23 4372-4379 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T24 4455-4462 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T25 4563-4564 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T26 4605-4610 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T27 4611-4633 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005409 denotes gastrointestinal tract
T28 4688-4689 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T29 5061-5064 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T30 5200-5206 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T31 5392-5396 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes face
T32 5493-5498 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T33 5534-5535 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T34 6572-6573 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T35 6932-6934 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T36 6945-6946 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T37 7382-7387 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T38 7419-7424 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T39 7617-7618 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T40 8441-8442 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T41 8685-8686 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T42 8831-8834 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T43 8964-8965 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T44 9300-9301 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T45 9323-9324 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T46 9622-9623 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T47 10214-10216 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T48 10391-10392 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T49 10764-10768 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes face
T50 10791-10792 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T51 10851-10855 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes Face
T52 11064-11065 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T53 12636-12641 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T54 12669-12674 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes Virus
T55 14107-14108 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T56 14416-14417 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T57 14724-14725 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T58 14759-14760 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T59 14995-15000 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T60 15512-15519 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009609 denotes wishful
T61 15767-15772 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T62 15872-15874 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 6956-6961 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T2 7134-7139 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T3 7940-7948 Chemical denotes carriers http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78059
T4 13786-13800 Chemical denotes pharmaceutical http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52217
T5 15327-15341 Chemical denotes pharmaceutical http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52217

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 259-268 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T2 3190-3209 Phenotype denotes respiratory illness http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002086
T3 4950-4958 Phenotype denotes flushing http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031284
T4 5560-5569 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T5 5641-5650 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T6 5943-5960 Phenotype denotes severe infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032169
T7 13172-13188 Phenotype denotes severe infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032169

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 295-304 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006810 denotes transport
T2 1695-1704 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behaviour
T3 2721-2734 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behaviours or
T4 3638-3652 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T5 9450-9456 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 denotes growth
T6 12102-12116 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-122 Sentence denotes Epidemiological research priorities for public health control of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak
T2 124-326 Sentence denotes It is now 6 weeks since Chinese health authorities announced the discovery of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) [1] causing a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, the major transport hub of central China.
T3 327-492 Sentence denotes The earliest human infections had occurred by early December 2019, and a large wet market in central Wuhan was linked to most, but not all, of the initial cases [2].
T4 493-709 Sentence denotes While evidence from the initial outbreak investigations seemed to suggest that 2019-nCoV could not easily spread between humans [3], it is now very clear that infections have been spreading from person to person [2].
T5 710-935 Sentence denotes We recently estimated that more than 75,000 infections may have occurred in Wuhan as at 25 January 2020 [4], and increasing numbers of infections continue to be detected in other cities in mainland China and around the world.
T6 936-1248 Sentence denotes A number of important characteristics of 2019-nCoV infection have already been identified, but in order to calibrate public health responses we need improved information on transmission dynamics, severity of the disease, immunity, and the impact of control and mitigation measures that have been applied to date.
T7 1250-1271 Sentence denotes Transmission dynamics
T8 1272-1484 Sentence denotes Infections with 2019-nCoV can spread from person to person, and in the earliest phase of the outbreak the basic reproductive number was estimated to be around 2.2, assuming a mean serial interval of 7.5 days [2].
T9 1485-1651 Sentence denotes The serial interval was not precisely estimated, and a potentially shorter mean serial interval would have corresponded to a slightly lower basic reproductive number.
T10 1652-1776 Sentence denotes Control measures and changes in population behaviour later in January should have reduced the effective reproductive number.
T11 1777-2018 Sentence denotes However, it is too early to estimate whether the effective reproductive number has been reduced to below the critical threshold of 1 because cases currently being detected and reported would have mostly been infected in mid- to late-January.
T12 2019-2254 Sentence denotes Average delays between infection and illness onset have been estimated at around 5–6 days, with an upper limit of around 11-14 days [2,5], and delays from illness onset to laboratory confirmation added a further 10 days on average [2].
T13 2255-2352 Sentence denotes Chains of transmission have now been reported in a number of locations outside of mainland China.
T14 2353-2536 Sentence denotes Within the coming days or weeks it will become clear whether sustained local transmission has been occurring in other cities outside of Hubei province in China, or in other countries.
T15 2537-2802 Sentence denotes If sustained transmission does occur in other locations, it would be valuable to determine whether there is variation in transmissibility by location, for example because of different behaviours or control measures, or because of different environmental conditions.
T16 2803-2988 Sentence denotes To address the latter, virus survival studies can be done in the laboratory to confirm whether there are preferred ranges of temperature or humidity for 2019-nCoV transmission to occur.
T17 2989-3214 Sentence denotes In an analysis of the first 425 confirmed cases of infection, 73% of cases with illness onset between 12 and 22 January reported no exposure to either a wet market or another person with symptoms of a respiratory illness [2].
T18 3215-3425 Sentence denotes The lack of reported exposure to another ill person could be attributed to lack of awareness or recall bias, but China’s health minister publicly warned that pre-symptomatic transmission could be occurring [6].
T19 3426-3629 Sentence denotes Determining the extent to which asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic transmission might be occurring is an urgent priority, because it has direct implications for public health and hospital infection control.
T20 3630-3713 Sentence denotes Data on viral shedding dynamics could help in assessing duration of infectiousness.
T21 3714-3909 Sentence denotes For severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV), infectivity peaked at around 10 days after illness onset [7], consistent with the peak in viral load at around that time [8].
T22 3910-4007 Sentence denotes This allowed control of the SARS epidemic through prompt detection of cases and strict isolation.
T23 4008-4183 Sentence denotes For influenza virus infections, virus shedding is highest on the day of illness onset and relatively higher from shortly before symptom onset until a few days after onset [9].
T24 4184-4343 Sentence denotes To date, transmission patterns of 2019-nCoV appear more similar to influenza, with contagiousness occurring around the time of symptom onset, rather than SARS.
T25 4344-4570 Sentence denotes Transmission of respiratory viruses generally happens through large respiratory droplets, but some respiratory viruses can spread through fine particle aerosols [10], and indirect transmission via fomites can also play a role.
T26 4571-4712 Sentence denotes Coronaviruses can also infect the human gastrointestinal tract [11,12], and faecal-oral transmission might also play a role in this instance.
T27 4713-4972 Sentence denotes The SARS-CoV superspreading event at Amoy Gardens where more than 300 cases were infected was attributed to faecal-oral, then airborne, spread through pressure differentials between contaminated effluent pipes, bathroom floor drains and flushing toilets [13].
T28 4973-5258 Sentence denotes The first large identifiable superspreading event during the present 2019-nCoV outbreak has apparently taken place on the Diamond Princess cruise liner quarantined off the coast of Yokohama, Japan, with at least 130 passengers tested positive for 2019-nCoV as at 10 February 2020 [14].
T29 5259-5451 Sentence denotes Identifying which modes are important for 2019-nCoV transmission would inform the importance of personal protective measures such as face masks (and specifically which types) and hand hygiene.
T30 5453-5482 Sentence denotes Disease severity and immunity
T31 5483-5651 Sentence denotes The first human infections were identified through a surveillance system for pneumonia of unknown aetiology, and all of the earliest infections therefore had pneumonia.
T32 5652-5961 Sentence denotes It is well established that some infections can be severe, particularly in older adults with underlying medical conditions [15,16], but based on the generally mild clinical presentation of 2019-nCoV cases detected outside China, it appears that there could be many more mild infections than severe infections.
T33 5962-6154 Sentence denotes Determining the spectrum of clinical manifestations of 2019-nCoV infections is perhaps the most urgent research priority, because it determines the strength of public health response required.
T34 6155-6406 Sentence denotes If the seriousness of infection is similar to the 1918/19 Spanish influenza, and therefore at the upper end of severity scales in influenza pandemic plans, the same responses would be warranted for 2019-nCoV as for the most severe influenza pandemics.
T35 6407-6564 Sentence denotes If, however, the seriousness of infection is similar to seasonal influenza, especially during milder seasons, mitigation measures could be tuned accordingly.
T36 6565-6664 Sentence denotes Beyond a robust assessment of overall severity, it is also important to determine high risk groups.
T37 6665-6919 Sentence denotes Infections would likely be more severe in older adults, obese individuals or those with underlying medical conditions, but there have not yet been reports of severity of infections in pregnant women, and very few cases have been reported in children [2].
T38 6920-7140 Sentence denotes Those under 18 years are a critical group to study in order to tease out the relative roles of susceptibility vs severity as possible underlying causes for the very rare recorded instances of infection in this age group.
T39 7141-7219 Sentence denotes Are children protected from infection or do they not fall ill after infection?
T40 7220-7388 Sentence denotes If they are naturally immune, which is unlikely, we should understand why; otherwise, even if they do not show symptoms, it is important to know if they shed the virus.
T41 7389-7520 Sentence denotes Obviously, the question about virus shedding of those being infected but asymptomatic leads to the crucial question of infectivity.
T42 7521-7779 Sentence denotes Answers to these questions are especially pertinent as basis for decisions on school closure as a social distancing intervention, which can be hugely disruptive not only for students but also because of its knock-on effect for child care and parental duties.
T43 7780-7949 Sentence denotes Very few children have been confirmed 2019-nCoV cases so far but that does not necessarily mean that they are less susceptible or that they could not be latent carriers.
T44 7950-8065 Sentence denotes Serosurveys in affected locations could inform this, in addition to truly assessing the clinical severity spectrum.
T45 8066-8271 Sentence denotes Another question on susceptibility is regarding whether 2019-nCoV infection confers neutralising immunity, usually but not always, indicated by the presence of neutralising antibodies in convalescent sera.
T46 8272-8440 Sentence denotes Some experts already questioned whether the 2019-nCoV may behave similarly to MERS-CoV in cases exhibiting mild symptoms without eliciting neutralising antibodies [17].
T47 8441-8558 Sentence denotes A separate question pertains to the possibility of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection or of disease [18,19].
T48 8559-8651 Sentence denotes If either of these were to be relevant, the transmission dynamics could become more complex.
T49 8653-8684 Sentence denotes Control and mitigation measures
T50 8685-8799 Sentence denotes A wide range of control measures can be considered to contain or mitigate an emerging infection such as 2019-nCoV.
T51 8800-9072 Sentence denotes Internationally, the past week has seen an increasing number of countries issue travel advisories or outright entry bans on persons from Hubei province or China as a whole, as well as substantial cuts in flights to and from affected areas out of commercial considerations.
T52 9073-9258 Sentence denotes Evaluation of these mobility restrictions can confirm their potential effectiveness in delaying local epidemics [20], and can also inform when as well as how to lift these restrictions.
T53 9259-9621 Sentence denotes If and when local transmission begins in a particular location, a variety of community mitigation measures can be implemented by health authorities to reduce transmission and thus reduce the growth rate of an epidemic, reduce the height of the epidemic peak and the peak demand on healthcare services, as well as reduce the total number of infected persons [21].
T54 9622-9771 Sentence denotes A number of social distancing measures have already been implemented in Chinese cities in the past few weeks including school and workplace closures.
T55 9772-10001 Sentence denotes It should now be an urgent priority to quantify the effects of these measures and specifically whether they can reduce the effective reproductive number below 1, because this will guide the response strategies in other locations.
T56 10002-10218 Sentence denotes During the 1918/19 influenza pandemic, cities in the United States, which implemented the most aggressive and sustained community measures were the most successful ones in mitigating the impact of that pandemic [22].
T57 10219-10499 Sentence denotes Similarly to international travel interventions, local social distancing measures should be assessed for their impact and when they could be safely discontinued, albeit in a coordinated and deliberate manner across China such that recrudescence in the epidemic curve is minimised.
T58 10500-10729 Sentence denotes Mobile telephony global positioning system (GPS) data and location services data from social media providers such as Baidu and Tencent in China could become the first occasion when these data inform outbreak control in real time.
T59 10730-10850 Sentence denotes At the individual level, surgical face masks have often been a particularly visible image from affected cities in China.
T60 10851-11041 Sentence denotes Face masks are essential components of personal protective equipment in healthcare settings, and should be recommended for ill persons in the community or for those who care for ill persons.
T61 11042-11219 Sentence denotes However, there is now a shortage of supply of masks in China and elsewhere, and debates are ongoing about their protective value for uninfected persons in the general community.
T62 11220-11302 Sentence denotes The Table summarises research gaps to guide the public health response identified.
T63 11303-11378 Sentence denotes Table Research priorities to guide the public health response to 2019-nCoV
T64 11379-11436 Sentence denotes Domain Priorities Study designs / data sources required
T65 11437-11661 Sentence denotes Transmission dynamics Provide robust estimates of the serial interval and generation time Detailed exposure and illness onset information from unselected case clusters in line lists, preferably from more than one epicentre
T66 11662-11944 Sentence denotes Estimate effective reproductive number (Rt) in other cities (i.e. ex-Wuhan) in China and elsewhere Epidemic curves for each city by dates of illness onset, preferably stratified by likely source of infection (zoonotic, environmental point source, local case vs imported index case)
T67 11945-12178 Sentence denotes Clarify the relative importance of pre-symptomatic / asymptomatic transmission Detailed reports of transmission events and symptomatic status of infectors; viral shedding data; special studies in households and other closed settings
T68 12179-12343 Sentence denotes Determine the role of different age groups in transmission, particularly children Transmission studies in households and other closed settings; serological studies
T69 12344-12600 Sentence denotes Determine the relative importance of possible modes of transmission Outbreak investigations, in particular for superspreading events; environmental sampling, air sampling and exhaled breath sampling; special studies in households and other closed settings
T70 12601-12749 Sentence denotes Determine environmental effects on virus survival and transmission Virus survival studies in situ vivo and in vitro; environmental sampling studies
T71 12750-12960 Sentence denotes Severity Provide robust estimates of the risk of fatality of hospitalised cases, by age or other important groupings Reports from unselected clinical cohorts of times to death or recovery among resolved cases
T72 12961-13139 Sentence denotes Provide robust estimates of the risk of fatality of symptomatic cases, by age or other important groupings Estimates of incidence from population-wide surveillance of mild cases
T73 13140-13226 Sentence denotes Identify groups at high risk of severe infection Case–control studies; cohort studies
T74 13227-13395 Sentence denotes Susceptibility Determine if children are infected, and if so, if they are infectious Transmission studies in households and other closed settings; serological studies
T75 13396-13531 Sentence denotes Determine if all infections result in neutralising immunity Convalescent serology from mild as well as severe cases, in all age groups
T76 13532-13720 Sentence denotes Control measures Provide impact estimates of travel restrictions, border screening and quarantine policies on non-local spread Modelling analyses of local and global spread of infections
T77 13721-13899 Sentence denotes Estimate the effects of social distancing measures and other non-pharmaceutical interventions on transmissibility Comparative analyses of transmissibility in different locations
T78 13900-14228 Sentence denotes Predict the most effective measures to reduce the peak burden on healthcare providers and other societal functions Modelling studies incorporating healthcare capacity and processes In conclusion, there are a number of urgent research priorities to inform the public health response to the global spread of 2019-nCoV infections.
T79 14229-14665 Sentence denotes Establishing robust estimates of the clinical severity of infections is probably the most pressing, because flattening out the surge in hospital admissions would be essential if there is a danger of hospitals becoming overwhelmed with patients who require inpatient care, not only for those infected with 2019-nCoV but also for urgent acute care of patients with other conditions including those scheduled for procedures and operations.
T80 14666-15036 Sentence denotes In addressing the research gaps identified here, there is a need for strong collaboration of a competent corps of epidemiological scientists and public health workers who have the flexibility to cope with the surge capacity required, as well as support from laboratories that can deliver on the ever rising demand for diagnostic tests for 2019-nCoV and related sequelae.
T81 15037-15256 Sentence denotes The readiness survey by Reusken et al. in this issue of Eurosurveillance testifies to the rapid response and capabilities of laboratories across Europe should the outbreak originating in Wuhan reach this continent [23].
T82 15257-15423 Sentence denotes In the medium term, we look towards the identification of efficacious pharmaceutical agents to prevent and treat what may likely become an endemic infection globally.
T83 15424-15635 Sentence denotes Beyond the first year, one interesting possibility in the longer term, perhaps borne of wishful hope, is that after the first few epidemic waves, the subsequent endemic re-infections could be of milder severity.
T84 15636-15809 Sentence denotes Particularly if children are being infected and are developing immunity hereafter, 2019-nCoV could optimistically become the fifth human coronavirus causing the common cold.
T85 15811-15825 Sentence denotes Editorial note
T86 15826-15889 Sentence denotes This editorial was published as an e-Alert on 11 February 2020.
T87 15891-15912 Sentence denotes Conflict of interest:
T88 15913-15927 Sentence denotes None declared.
T89 15928-15951 Sentence denotes Authors’ contributions:
T90 15952-15975 Sentence denotes Wrote first draft: BJC.
T91 15976-16041 Sentence denotes Critically revised draft and approved final version: BJC and GML.