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PMC:7019868 / 1647-6464 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
60 16-47 Species denotes Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Tax:28295
61 49-53 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
62 158-162 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
63 260-265 Species denotes swine Tax:9823
64 673-677 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
65 757-761 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
66 925-929 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
67 1058-1063 Species denotes swine Tax:9823
68 1135-1139 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
69 1226-1230 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
70 1322-1326 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
71 1522-1526 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
72 189-196 Species denotes porcine Tax:1586324
73 197-214 Disease denotes epidemic diarrhea MESH:D003967
74 291-299 Disease denotes diarrhea MESH:D003967
75 301-312 Disease denotes dehydration MESH:D003681
78 1594-1598 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
79 1927-1950 Disease denotes infection establishment MESH:D007239
87 2814-2818 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
88 3211-3216 Species denotes human Tax:9606
89 3254-3258 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
90 3526-3530 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
91 3751-3755 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
92 3228-3242 Disease denotes viral diseases MESH:D001102
93 3918-3925 CellLine denotes BJ2011C CVCL:K772
99 4087-4091 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
100 4359-4366 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
101 4432-4439 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
102 4508-4515 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
103 4516-4519 Chemical denotes P96

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T10 107-110 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T11 1584-1590 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T12 1751-1759 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T13 1782-1794 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T14 1854-1862 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T15 1983-1995 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T16 2035-2039 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T17 2136-2148 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T18 2181-2188 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T19 2412-2418 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637
T20 2612-2616 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T21 2678-2681 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T22 2715-2720 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T23 3030-3034 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T24 3497-3501 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T25 3655-3659 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T26 3740-3747 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T27 3843-3847 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T28 4052-4056 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T29 4320-4324 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T30 4486-4490 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T31 4559-4563 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T32 4669-4673 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T33 4739-4743 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T34 4760-4764 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 2412-2418 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479
T2 2612-2616 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T5 33-41 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T6 206-214 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T7 260-273 Disease denotes swine disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024990
T8 291-299 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T9 1927-1936 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T10 2686-2695 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T11 2819-2828 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T12 3228-3242 Disease denotes viral diseases http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T13 3756-3765 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T20 42-47 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T21 111-116 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T22 222-223 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T23 511-512 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T24 735-736 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T25 1439-1442 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0003423 denotes G1b
T26 1463-1464 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T27 1502-1503 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T28 1550-1551 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T29 1819-1827 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T30 2002-2003 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T31 2035-2039 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T32 2040-2045 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T33 2152-2153 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T34 2230-2232 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T35 2237-2239 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T36 2237-2239 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T37 2271-2273 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T38 2280-2282 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T39 2498-2500 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T40 2509-2512 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T41 2588-2590 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T42 2588-2590 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T43 2627-2635 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T44 2715-2720 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T45 3030-3034 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T46 3046-3052 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T47 3137-3144 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T48 3211-3216 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T49 3221-3227 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T50 3492-3501 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero cell
T51 3581-3584 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T52 3594-3595 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T53 3655-3659 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T54 3798-3799 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T55 3830-3831 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T56 3843-3847 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T57 4052-4056 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T58 4159-4161 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 denotes 52
T59 4200-4207 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T60 4320-4324 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T61 4345-4350 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T62 4396-4397 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T63 4443-4448 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T64 4486-4490 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T65 4559-4563 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T66 4631-4633 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 denotes 52
T67 4669-4673 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T68 4726-4731 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T69 4739-4743 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T70 4760-4764 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T71 4781-4782 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T2 1284-1286 Chemical denotes II http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067
T3 1751-1759 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T4 1782-1794 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T5 1854-1862 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T6 1983-1995 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T7 2136-2148 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T8 2181-2188 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T9 2237-2239 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T10 2588-2590 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T11 3740-3747 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T12 322-328 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 denotes growth
T13 1892-1905 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009653 denotes morphogenesis
T14 2102-2111 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T15 2102-2111 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T16 2419-2426 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009606 denotes tropism
T17 2627-2642 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061025 denotes membrane fusion
T18 3848-3856 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015297 denotes exchange
T19 3881-3890 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T20 3881-3890 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T21 4385-4394 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T22 4385-4394 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T23 4807-4816 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T24 4807-4816 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T11 0-2 Sentence denotes 1.
T12 3-15 Sentence denotes Introduction
T13 16-157 Sentence denotes Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an enveloped, positive-sense and single stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Alphacoronavirus.
T14 158-367 Sentence denotes PEDV is the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), a historic, highly contagious enteric swine disease characterized by diarrhea, dehydration and poor growth performance in pigs at all ages [1,2].
T15 368-564 Sentence denotes PED was first identified in 1971 in the United Kingdom, and subsequently became an endemic disease in the Europe and most Asian countries with a low mortality rate and limited economic losses [1].
T16 565-705 Sentence denotes For decades, the disease was controlled through the use of live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) derived from the PEDV prototypes, CV777- or DR13.
T17 706-839 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, in late 2010, a new highly virulent PEDV strain emerged in China and quickly spread worldwide, including Taiwan [3,4].
T18 840-1100 Sentence denotes Moreover, the conventional LAV failed to induce protection against this new virulent PEDV strain, consequently resulting in nearly 100% mortality amongst neonatal piglets and leading to substantial economic impacts on swine markets in the affected regions [5].
T19 1101-1164 Sentence denotes Phylogenetic analysis categorizes PEDV into two genogroups [2].
T20 1165-1362 Sentence denotes Genogroup I consists primarily of the historic, low-virulent PEDV strains that appeared around 1970, whereas genogroup II is composed of the highly virulent PEDV strains, which emerged after 2010s.
T21 1363-1570 Sentence denotes Both genogroups can be further divided into two subgroups each, namely G1a, G1b, G2a and G2b though a recent phylogenetic study identified a novel recombinant PEDV strain classified into a new G1c clade [6].
T22 1571-1682 Sentence denotes The complete genome of PEDV is approximately 28 kilobase pairs and consists of seven open reading frames (ORF).
T23 1683-1955 Sentence denotes Out of the seven, four ORFs are responsible for encoding structural proteins, namely the spike (S) glycoprotein as well as envelop (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins, which are crucial for viral morphogenesis and establishment of infection establishment [7].
T24 1956-2133 Sentence denotes Among all coronaviruses, S glycoprotein plays a particularly essential role in cell-virus interaction and acts as the vital determinants of viral virulence/attenuation [8,9,10].
T25 2134-2275 Sentence denotes S glycoprotein is a homotrimeric type I fusion protein, which can be cleaved into two parts—the S1 and S2 subunits—by cellular protease [11].
T26 2276-2482 Sentence denotes The S1 subunit contains the receptor binding domain (RBD) and several neutralizing epitopes that are essential for determining host and tissue tropism, and triggering protective host immunity, respectively.
T27 2483-2583 Sentence denotes Therefore, the S1 subunit has long been considered to be the primary target for vaccine development.
T28 2584-2725 Sentence denotes The S2 domain, on the other hand, mediates membrane fusion which facilitates release of viral RNA and infection to the neighboring cells [8].
T29 2726-2834 Sentence denotes LAVs have been shown to be the most effective way to elicit protective immunity against PEDV infection [12].
T30 2835-3011 Sentence denotes Therefore, to combat the emergence of PED as well as to immediately suppress any future outbreaks, studies have been carried out to develop safe and effective vaccines [13,14].
T31 3012-3267 Sentence denotes Aside from serial cell culture or animal passages, the reverse genetic system, which rescues genetically modified attenuated viruses, is now the common approach in generating LAV candidates for both human and animal viral diseases, including PEDV [15,16].
T32 3268-3441 Sentence denotes To this end, understanding the molecular biology and identification of virulent/attenuating determinant(s) are necessary for the rational design of potential LAV candidates.
T33 3442-3665 Sentence denotes Comparison of the genomic differences between the Vero cell-cultured attenuated G2b PEDV and their corresponding parental virulent strains has revealed a common pattern of mutation that particularly affects the S gene [12].
T34 3666-3971 Sentence denotes While the observation is reasonable considering the fundamental role of S protein in PEDV infection and induction of host immunity, a recent publication found that a singular S gene exchange had no influence on the virulence of the highly virulent G2b BJ2011C strain and avirulent G1a CHM2013 strain [17].
T35 3972-4208 Sentence denotes In the present study, we utilized reverse genetics to examine the role of the S gene in the attenuation process of PEDV using the highly virulent and attenuated G2b PEDV Pintung (PEDVPT) 52 strains, the PEDVPT-P5 and PEDVPT-P96 viruses.
T36 4209-4284 Sentence denotes Nonetheless, our findings were discordant with previous reported data [17].
T37 4285-4395 Sentence denotes We found that replacement of the S gene with the iPEDVPT-P5 virus enabled iPEDVPT-P96 to regain its virulence.
T38 4396-4520 Sentence denotes A reciprocal approach revealed that iPEDVPT-P5 virus became partly attenuated after the S gene was exchanged to iPEDVPT-P96.
T39 4521-4641 Sentence denotes Collectively, we concluded that the S gene is of critical importance to the attenuation process of the PEDVPT 52 strain.
T40 4642-4732 Sentence denotes However, mutation in the S gene alone could not completely attenuate the iPEDVPT-P5 virus.
T41 4733-4817 Sentence denotes Thus, gene(s) other than S gene could also play a role in determining the virulence.

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T5 33-41 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T6 206-214 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T7 291-299 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T8 301-312 Phenotype denotes dehydration http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001944
T9 317-328 Phenotype denotes poor growth http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001510

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
31905842-83132-144353208 362-363 83132 denotes 1
31905842-26689811-144353209 364-365 26689811 denotes 2
31905842-83132-144353210 561-562 83132 denotes 1
31905842-22840964-144353211 834-835 22840964 denotes 3
31905842-25903998-144353212 836-837 25903998 denotes 4
31905842-26641031-144353213 1097-1098 26641031 denotes 5
31905842-26689811-144353214 1161-1162 26689811 denotes 2
31905842-8209771-144353215 1952-1953 8209771 denotes 7
31905842-27578435-144353216 2125-2126 27578435 denotes 8
31905842-21697468-144353217 2127-2128 21697468 denotes 9
31905842-22709821-144353218 2129-2131 22709821 denotes 10
31905842-12885899-144353219 2271-2273 12885899 denotes 11
31905842-27578435-144353220 2722-2723 27578435 denotes 8
31905842-31689903-144353221 2830-2832 31689903 denotes 12
31905842-27545066-144353222 3004-3006 27545066 denotes 13
31905842-27964998-144353223 3007-3009 27964998 denotes 14
31905842-24967693-144353224 3260-3262 24967693 denotes 15
31905842-31689903-144353225 3661-3663 31689903 denotes 12