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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id tao:has_standard_notation
1 104-135 Species denotes Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Tax:28295
23 196-227 Species denotes Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Tax:28295
24 229-233 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
25 296-301 Species denotes swine Tax:9823
26 353-357 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
27 653-657 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
28 698-702 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
29 473-480 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
30 496-503 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
31 554-561 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
32 883-890 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
33 891-893 Chemical denotes P5 MESH:C016883
34 953-960 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
35 1057-1064 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
36 1065-1067 Chemical denotes P5 MESH:C016883
37 1139-1146 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
38 1186-1193 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
39 1194-1196 Chemical denotes P5 MESH:C016883
40 1270-1277 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
41 1558-1568 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P5
42 1004-1012 Disease denotes diarrhea MESH:D003967
43 1236-1244 Disease denotes diarrhea MESH:D003967
60 1663-1694 Species denotes Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Tax:28295
61 1696-1700 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
62 1805-1809 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
63 1907-1912 Species denotes swine Tax:9823
64 2320-2324 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
65 2404-2408 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
66 2572-2576 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
67 2705-2710 Species denotes swine Tax:9823
68 2782-2786 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
69 2873-2877 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
70 2969-2973 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
71 3169-3173 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
72 1836-1843 Species denotes porcine Tax:1586324
73 1844-1861 Disease denotes epidemic diarrhea MESH:D003967
74 1938-1946 Disease denotes diarrhea MESH:D003967
75 1948-1959 Disease denotes dehydration MESH:D003681
78 3241-3245 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
79 3574-3597 Disease denotes infection establishment MESH:D007239
87 4461-4465 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
88 4858-4863 Species denotes human Tax:9606
89 4901-4905 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
90 5173-5177 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
91 5398-5402 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
341 20255-20265 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P5
92 4875-4889 Disease denotes viral diseases MESH:D001102
93 5565-5572 CellLine denotes BJ2011C CVCL:K772
419 22350-22357 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
99 5734-5738 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
490 25919-25923 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
100 6006-6013 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
101 6079-6086 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
102 6155-6162 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
103 6163-6166 Chemical denotes P96
119 6979-6985 Species denotes bovine Tax:9913
120 7323-7328 Species denotes yeast Tax:4932
121 6879-6913 Chemical denotes Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
122 6915-6919 Chemical denotes DMEM
123 7011-7025 Chemical denotes Amphotericin B MESH:D000666
124 7036-7046 Chemical denotes Penicillin MESH:D010406
125 7061-7073 Chemical denotes Streptomycin MESH:D013307
126 7100-7107 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
127 7108-7110 Chemical denotes P5 MESH:C016883
128 7115-7122 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
129 7155-7162 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
130 7174-7181 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
131 7257-7261 Chemical denotes DMEM
132 7285-7303 Chemical denotes tryptose phosphate
133 7311-7314 Chemical denotes TBP MESH:C009524
138 7434-7441 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
139 7446-7453 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
140 7459-7466 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
141 7478-7485 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
154 7819-7826 Species denotes E. coli Tax:562
155 8860-8864 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
156 9210-9216 Species denotes stocks Tax:3724
157 9233-9239 Species denotes stocks Tax:3724
158 7530-7541 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P96
159 7623-7633 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P5
160 7675-7686 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P96
161 8513-8519 Chemical denotes phenol MESH:D019800
162 8520-8530 Chemical denotes chloroform MESH:D002725
163 8809-8834 Chemical denotes phosphate buffered saline
164 8836-8839 Chemical denotes PBS
165 9015-9024 Chemical denotes PI-medium
171 9375-9382 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
172 9383-9385 Chemical denotes P5 MESH:C016883
173 9387-9394 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
174 9400-9407 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
175 9419-9426 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
187 10439-10442 Gene denotes Rad Gene:6236
188 9552-9556 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
189 10077-10081 Species denotes goat Tax:9925
190 10087-10092 Species denotes mouse Tax:10090
191 9827-9834 Chemical denotes acetone MESH:D000096
192 10013-10038 Chemical denotes phosphate-buffered saline
193 10040-10043 Chemical denotes PBS
194 10050-10054 Chemical denotes FITC MESH:D016650
195 10277-10306 Chemical denotes 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole MESH:C007293
196 10308-10312 Chemical denotes DAPI MESH:C007293
197 9682-9690 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
200 11141-11147 Species denotes stocks Tax:3724
201 11076-11083 Mutation denotes G19470T g.19470G>T
207 11519-11555 Chemical denotes Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline
208 11557-11561 Chemical denotes DPBS
209 11581-11590 Chemical denotes PI medium
210 11852-11856 Chemical denotes DPBS
211 11399-11407 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
220 12409-12413 Chemical denotes DPBS
221 12485-12492 Chemical denotes agarose MESH:D012685
222 12657-12665 Chemical denotes formalin MESH:D005557
223 12746-12760 Chemical denotes crystal violet MESH:D005840
224 12768-12775 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
225 12790-12795 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
226 12858-12872 Chemical denotes crystal violet MESH:D005840
227 12907-12912 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
237 13006-13017 Species denotes Large White Tax:7116
238 13044-13048 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
239 13053-13057 Species denotes TGEV Tax:11149
240 13128-13131 Species denotes pig Tax:9823
241 13151-13155 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
242 13273-13277 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
243 13286-13289 Species denotes pig Tax:9823
244 13578-13589 Disease denotes weight gain MESH:D015430
245 13781-13792 Disease denotes weight gain MESH:D015430
247 13964-13968 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
253 14600-14603 Gene denotes Rad Gene:6236
254 14016-14020 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
255 14143-14147 Chemical denotes DPBS
256 14228-14238 Disease denotes QIAcube HT MESH:D006973
257 14248-14255 Disease denotes QIAcube
264 15199-15202 Species denotes pig Tax:9823
265 15467-15475 Chemical denotes formalin MESH:D005557
266 15483-15491 Chemical denotes paraffin MESH:D010232
267 15548-15559 Chemical denotes hematoxylin MESH:D006416
268 15564-15569 Chemical denotes eosin MESH:D004801
269 15571-15574 Chemical denotes H&E
288 15762-15766 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
289 16209-16213 Species denotes goat Tax:9925
290 16373-16377 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
291 16434-16438 Species denotes goat Tax:9925
292 16591-16597 Species denotes rabbit Tax:9986
293 16598-16603 Species denotes mouse Tax:10090
294 15785-15793 Chemical denotes formalin MESH:D005557
295 15800-15808 Chemical denotes paraffin MESH:D010232
296 15866-15872 Chemical denotes xylene MESH:D014992
297 15905-15912 Chemical denotes ethanol MESH:D000431
298 16060-16080 Chemical denotes Tris-buffered saline
299 16091-16099 Chemical denotes Tween 20 MESH:D011136
300 16101-16105 Chemical denotes TBST
301 16519-16523 Chemical denotes TBST
302 16629-16632 Chemical denotes DAB
303 16739-16761 Chemical denotes 3, 3′-diaminobenzidine MESH:D015100
304 16763-16766 Chemical denotes DAB
305 16860-16871 Chemical denotes hematoxylin MESH:D006416
315 17551-17555 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
316 17691-17695 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
317 17609-17616 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
318 17887-17894 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
319 17944-17951 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
320 18183-18190 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
321 18191-18193 Chemical denotes P5 MESH:C016883
322 18198-18205 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
323 18427-18437 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P5
328 18592-18596 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
329 18683-18689 Species denotes stocks Tax:3724
330 18785-18789 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
331 18619-18633 Disease denotes giant syncytia MESH:D005870
342 20270-20277 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
343 20278-20281 Chemical denotes P96
344 20361-20368 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
345 20377-20384 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
346 20463-20470 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
347 20518-20525 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
348 20604-20611 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
349 20619-20626 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
374 21322-21325 Species denotes pig Tax:9823
375 21910-21914 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
376 20936-20943 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
377 20948-20955 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
378 20964-20971 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
379 20977-20984 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
380 21596-21606 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P5
381 21619-21626 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
382 21641-21648 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
383 21799-21802 Chemical denotes DPI
384 21810-21813 Chemical denotes DPI
385 21839-21849 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P5
386 21862-21873 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P96
387 21874-21876 Chemical denotes 5S
388 22139-22149 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P5
389 22164-22175 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P96
390 22176-22178 Chemical denotes 5S
391 22186-22189 Chemical denotes DPI
392 22224-22227 Chemical denotes DPI
393 21399-21407 Disease denotes diarrhea MESH:D003967
394 21707-21715 Disease denotes diarrhea MESH:D003967
395 21717-21725 Disease denotes anorexia MESH:D000855
396 21923-21939 Disease denotes villous blunting MESH:D018253
397 21944-21951 Disease denotes atrophy MESH:D001284
417 22261-22271 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P5
418 22280-22287 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
420 22358-22361 Chemical denotes P96
421 22498-22505 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
422 22518-22525 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
423 22694-22704 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P5
424 22705-22708 Chemical denotes 96S
425 22801-22812 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P96
426 22940-22947 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
427 23010-23017 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
428 23035-23042 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
429 23130-23137 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
430 23169-23180 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P96
431 23349-23359 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P5
432 22583-22598 Disease denotes villous atrophy MESH:C564019
433 22619-22650 Disease denotes conspicuous villous hyperplasia MESH:D018253
434 22769-22784 Disease denotes villous atrophy MESH:C564019
435 23075-23086 Disease denotes weight gain MESH:D015430
437 23431-23435 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
456 23814-23819 Species denotes swine Tax:9823
457 23934-23939 Species denotes swine Tax:9823
458 23973-23997 Species denotes porcine deltacoronavirus Tax:1586324
459 24016-24057 Species denotes swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus Tax:2032731
460 24798-24802 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
461 24975-24979 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
462 25815-25819 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
463 23734-23741 Species denotes Porcine Tax:1586324
464 23999-24004 Species denotes PDCoV Tax:1586324
465 24059-24067 Species denotes SADS-CoV Tax:2032731
466 25013-25020 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
467 25036-25043 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
468 25082-25089 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
469 25101-25108 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
470 25605-25612 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
471 25753-25760 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
472 23742-23759 Disease denotes epidemic diarrhea MESH:D003967
473 25332-25340 Disease denotes diarrhea MESH:D003967
488 28377-28380 Gene denotes NSP Gene:92521
489 28747-28750 Gene denotes NSP Gene:92521
491 27085-27089 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
492 27144-27148 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
493 27714-27718 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
494 27932-27939 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
495 28812-28819 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
496 28831-28838 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
497 28895-28902 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
498 28932-28938 Chemical denotes PEDVPT
499 26570-26577 CellLine denotes BJ2011C CVCL:K772
500 27447-27453 CellLine denotes BJ2011 CVCL:K772
501 28656-28663 CellLine denotes BJ2011C CVCL:K772
515 29619-29624 Species denotes swine Tax:9823
516 29659-29663 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
517 30132-30136 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
518 30377-30381 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
519 30621-30625 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
520 29771-29778 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
521 30218-30225 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
522 30355-30362 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
523 30424-30435 Chemical denotes sialic acid MESH:D019158
524 29835-29843 Disease denotes diarrhea MESH:D003967
525 29856-29871 Disease denotes villous atrophy MESH:C564019
526 30308-30313 Mutation denotes C144T rs1196025750
527 30324-30329 Mutation denotes T554C c.554T>C
531 31039-31043 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
532 31206-31210 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
533 31363-31367 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
635 32483-32514 Species denotes porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Tax:28295
636 32516-32520 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
637 32563-32567 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
638 32362-32372 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P5
639 32374-32381 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
640 32382-32384 Chemical denotes P5 MESH:C016883
641 32390-32401 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P96
642 32402-32404 Chemical denotes 5S
643 32409-32416 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
644 32690-32701 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P96
645 33354-33368 Chemical denotes crystal violet MESH:D005840
646 33419-33430 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P96
647 33435-33442 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
648 33443-33445 Chemical denotes P5 MESH:C016883
649 33475-33482 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
650 33483-33485 Chemical denotes P5 MESH:C016883
651 33496-33507 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P96
652 33508-33510 Chemical denotes 5S
653 33548-33551 Chemical denotes iP5
654 33553-33563 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P5
655 33570-33580 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P5
656 33590-33601 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P96
657 33602-33604 Chemical denotes 5S
658 33606-33610 Chemical denotes iP96
659 33612-33623 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P96
675 33679-33689 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P5
676 33691-33698 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
677 33699-33701 Chemical denotes P5 MESH:C016883
678 33707-33718 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P96
679 33726-33733 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
680 33907-33916 Chemical denotes PI-medium
681 34326-34335 Chemical denotes PI-medium
682 34660-34663 Chemical denotes iP5
683 34665-34675 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P5
684 34682-34692 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P5
685 34702-34713 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P96
686 34718-34722 Chemical denotes iP96
687 34724-34735 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P96
688 34387-34398 Disease denotes weight gain MESH:D015430
689 34457-34468 Disease denotes weight gain MESH:D015430
700 35126-35137 Chemical denotes hematoxylin MESH:D006416
701 35142-35147 Chemical denotes eosin MESH:D004801
702 35460-35462 Chemical denotes CD MESH:D002104
703 35682-35685 Chemical denotes iP5
704 35687-35697 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P5
705 35704-35714 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P5
706 35724-35735 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P96
707 35740-35744 Chemical denotes iP96
708 35746-35757 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT-P96
709 34890-34905 Disease denotes villous atrophy MESH:C564019
713 35801-35805 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
714 35894-35903 Chemical denotes PI-medium
715 35929-35932 Chemical denotes DPI
717 36121-36128 Chemical denotes iPEDVPT
719 36818-36826 Disease denotes Diarrhea MESH:D003967
722 37204-37212 Disease denotes diarrhea MESH:D003967
723 37321-37332 Disease denotes weight gain MESH:D015430

LitCovid_Glycan-Motif-Structure

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 30424-30435 https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY denotes sialic acid

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 39-46 Body_part denotes Protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T2 612-616 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T3 645-649 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T4 853-857 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T5 1104-1108 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T6 1475-1479 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T7 1504-1508 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T8 1570-1574 Body_part denotes Gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T9 1592-1596 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T10 1754-1757 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T11 3231-3237 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T12 3398-3406 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T13 3429-3441 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T14 3501-3509 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T15 3630-3642 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T16 3682-3686 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T17 3783-3795 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T18 3828-3835 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T19 4059-4065 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637
T20 4259-4263 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T21 4325-4328 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T22 4362-4367 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T23 4677-4681 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T24 5144-5148 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T25 5302-5306 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T26 5387-5394 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T27 5490-5494 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T28 5699-5703 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T29 5967-5971 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T30 6133-6137 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T31 6206-6210 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T32 6316-6320 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T33 6386-6390 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T34 6407-6411 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T35 6780-6785 Body_part denotes Cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T36 6809-6814 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T37 6986-6993 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T38 7827-7832 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T39 8144-8153 Body_part denotes backbones http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13478
T40 8193-8197 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T41 8636-8639 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T42 8775-8780 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T43 8789-8794 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T44 8922-8927 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T45 9071-9075 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T46 9262-9267 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T47 9629-9634 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T48 9665-9670 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T49 9792-9797 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T50 9895-9903 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T51 10096-10104 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T52 10225-10230 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T53 10422-10426 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T54 10847-10851 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T55 11003-11010 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T56 11023-11027 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T57 11184-11189 Body_part denotes feces http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma64183
T58 11335-11340 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T59 11383-11388 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T60 11485-11490 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T61 11696-11701 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T62 11743-11749 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637
T63 11805-11810 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T64 12361-12366 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T65 12609-12614 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T66 13236-13241 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T67 13242-13250 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T68 13255-13264 Body_part denotes colostrum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62101
T69 13355-13359 Body_part denotes milk http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62100
T70 14347-14350 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T71 14912-14915 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T72 15051-15054 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T73 15377-15385 Body_part denotes Duodenum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7206
T74 15387-15394 Body_part denotes jejunum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7207
T75 15396-15401 Body_part denotes ileum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7208
T76 15403-15408 Body_part denotes cecum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14541
T77 15410-15415 Body_part denotes colon http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14543
T78 15417-15423 Body_part denotes rectum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14544
T79 15428-15450 Body_part denotes mesenteric lymph nodes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma277405
T80 15818-15825 Body_part denotes tissues http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637
T81 15992-15996 Body_part denotes Cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T82 16108-16114 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637
T83 16214-16219 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T84 16380-16388 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T85 16439-16444 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T86 16604-16618 Body_part denotes immunoglobulin http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T87 17759-17763 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T88 18004-18008 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T89 18257-18267 Body_part denotes nucleotide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82740
T90 18733-18738 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T91 18827-18834 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T92 19084-19089 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T93 19227-19231 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T94 19460-19464 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T95 19570-19574 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T96 19659-19664 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T97 19849-19853 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T98 20006-20010 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T99 20094-20099 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T100 20330-20335 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T101 20591-20595 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T102 20711-20716 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T103 20759-20763 Body_part denotes Gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T104 20848-20852 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T105 21385-21388 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T106 21558-21562 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T107 21959-21966 Body_part denotes jejunum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7207
T108 21999-22004 Body_part denotes ileum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7208
T109 22034-22042 Body_part denotes duodenum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7206
T110 22317-22321 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T111 22606-22613 Body_part denotes jejunum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7207
T112 22788-22795 Body_part denotes jejunum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7207
T113 23230-23234 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T114 23460-23468 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T115 23538-23549 Body_part denotes enterocytes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62122
T116 23609-23631 Body_part denotes mesenteric lymph nodes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma277405
T117 24870-24874 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T118 25134-25138 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T119 25229-25233 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T120 25402-25406 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T121 25487-25495 Body_part denotes backbone http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13478
T122 25513-25517 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T123 26127-26137 Body_part denotes nucleotide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82740
T124 26316-26320 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T125 26512-26516 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T126 26795-26799 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T127 26877-26881 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T128 26952-26956 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T129 26993-26997 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T130 27234-27238 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T131 27428-27435 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T132 27530-27534 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T133 27693-27701 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T134 28119-28123 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T135 28183-28191 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T136 28439-28443 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T137 28618-28622 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T138 29142-29152 Body_part denotes amino acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T139 29193-29197 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T140 29339-29344 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T141 29449-29453 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T142 29602-29607 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T143 29757-29761 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T144 30060-30064 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T145 30255-30265 Body_part denotes amino acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T146 30592-30603 Body_part denotes amino acids http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T147 31198-31202 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T148 31249-31253 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T149 32539-32544 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T150 32574-32582 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T151 32657-32661 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T152 33023-33028 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T153 33187-33192 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T154 33209-33215 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637
T155 33288-33293 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T156 33803-33806 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T157 33817-33822 Body_part denotes feces http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma64183
T158 34009-34012 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T159 34909-34917 Body_part denotes duodenum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7206
T160 34919-34926 Body_part denotes jejunum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7207
T161 34931-34936 Body_part denotes ileum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7208
T162 35029-35036 Body_part denotes Tissues http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637
T163 35216-35224 Body_part denotes duodenum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7206
T164 35230-35237 Body_part denotes jejunum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7207
T165 35247-35252 Body_part denotes ileum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7208
T166 35363-35373 Body_part denotes intestinal http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199
T167 35826-35833 Body_part denotes jejunum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7207
T168 36022-36032 Body_part denotes Nucleotide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82740
T169 36037-36047 Body_part denotes amino acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T170 36069-36073 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T171 36160-36164 Body_part denotes Gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T172 36166-36176 Body_part denotes Nucleotide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82740
T173 36178-36188 Body_part denotes Amino Acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T174 36189-36199 Body_part denotes Nucleotide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82740
T175 36201-36211 Body_part denotes Amino Acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T176 36341-36345 Body_part denotes C S http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma284995
T177 36594-36605 Body_part denotes cytoplasmic http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66835
T178 37260-37266 Body_part denotes stools http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma64183

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 4059-4065 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479
T2 4259-4263 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T3 11184-11189 Body_part denotes feces http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001988
T4 11743-11749 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479
T5 13236-13241 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977
T6 13255-13264 Body_part denotes colostrum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001914
T7 13355-13359 Body_part denotes milk http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001913
T8 15377-15385 Body_part denotes Duodenum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002114
T9 15387-15394 Body_part denotes jejunum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002115
T10 15396-15401 Body_part denotes ileum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002116
T11 15410-15415 Body_part denotes colon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155
T12 15417-15423 Body_part denotes rectum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001052
T13 15428-15450 Body_part denotes mesenteric lymph nodes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002509
T14 15439-15444 Body_part denotes lymph http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002391
T15 16108-16114 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479
T16 16214-16219 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977
T17 16439-16444 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977
T18 21959-21966 Body_part denotes jejunum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002115
T19 21999-22004 Body_part denotes ileum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002116
T20 22034-22042 Body_part denotes duodenum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002114
T21 22606-22613 Body_part denotes jejunum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002115
T22 22788-22795 Body_part denotes jejunum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002115
T23 23609-23631 Body_part denotes mesenteric lymph nodes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002509
T24 23620-23625 Body_part denotes lymph http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002391
T25 32726-32731 Body_part denotes Scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002542
T26 33209-33215 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479
T27 33817-33822 Body_part denotes feces http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001988
T28 34909-34917 Body_part denotes duodenum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002114
T29 34919-34926 Body_part denotes jejunum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002115
T30 34931-34936 Body_part denotes ileum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002116
T31 35216-35224 Body_part denotes duodenum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002114
T32 35230-35237 Body_part denotes jejunum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002115
T33 35247-35252 Body_part denotes ileum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002116
T34 35826-35833 Body_part denotes jejunum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002115
T35 35994-35999 Body_part denotes Scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002542
T36 36606-36610 Body_part denotes tail http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002415
T37 37260-37266 Body_part denotes stools http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001988

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 121-129 Disease denotes Diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T2 213-221 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T3 1004-1012 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T4 1236-1244 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T5 1680-1688 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T6 1853-1861 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T7 1907-1920 Disease denotes swine disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024990
T8 1938-1946 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T9 3574-3583 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T10 4333-4342 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T11 4466-4475 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T12 4875-4889 Disease denotes viral diseases http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T13 5403-5412 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T14 9742-9751 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T15 9781-9790 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T16 10106-10108 Disease denotes BD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007191
T17 11758-11768 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T18 12136-12145 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T19 13156-13165 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T20 19183-19192 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T21 19758-19767 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T22 20239-20248 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T23 21399-21407 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T24 21707-21715 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T25 22639-22650 Disease denotes hyperplasia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005043
T26 23751-23759 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T27 24022-24036 Disease denotes acute diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000257
T28 24028-24036 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T29 24059-24063 Disease denotes SADS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000694|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0054866
T31 24945-24955 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T32 25332-25340 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T33 29664-29673 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T34 29835-29843 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T35 32500-32508 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T36 32596-32605 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T37 33035-33044 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T38 33064-33073 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T39 33224-33234 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T40 36818-36826 Disease denotes Diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T41 37204-37212 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T42 37254-37266 Disease denotes loose stools http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 130-135 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes Virus
T2 144-146 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 denotes 52
T3 222-227 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T4 235-238 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T5 358-361 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T6 434-441 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T7 526-533 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T8 612-616 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T9 645-649 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T10 672-673 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T11 750-751 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T12 853-857 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T13 1104-1108 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T14 1423-1428 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T15 1475-1479 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T16 1504-1508 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T17 1570-1574 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes Gene
T18 1592-1596 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T19 1613-1614 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T20 1689-1694 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T21 1758-1763 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T22 1869-1870 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T23 2158-2159 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T24 2382-2383 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T25 3086-3089 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0003423 denotes G1b
T26 3110-3111 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T27 3149-3150 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T28 3197-3198 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T29 3466-3474 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T30 3649-3650 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T31 3682-3686 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T32 3687-3692 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T33 3799-3800 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T34 3877-3879 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T35 3884-3886 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T36 3884-3886 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T37 3918-3920 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T38 3927-3929 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T39 4145-4147 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T40 4156-4159 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T41 4235-4237 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T42 4235-4237 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T43 4274-4282 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T44 4362-4367 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T45 4677-4681 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T46 4693-4699 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T47 4784-4791 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T48 4858-4863 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T49 4868-4874 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T50 5139-5148 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero cell
T51 5228-5231 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T52 5241-5242 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T53 5302-5306 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T54 5445-5446 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T55 5477-5478 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T56 5490-5494 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T57 5699-5703 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T58 5806-5808 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 denotes 52
T59 5847-5854 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T60 5967-5971 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T61 5992-5997 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T62 6043-6044 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T63 6090-6095 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T64 6133-6137 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T65 6206-6210 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T66 6278-6280 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 denotes 52
T67 6316-6320 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T68 6373-6378 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T69 6386-6390 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T70 6407-6411 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T71 6428-6429 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T72 6539-6545 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T73 6639-6645 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes Animal
T74 6780-6785 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes Cells
T75 6790-6797 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes Viruses
T76 6798-6808 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009527 denotes Vero C1008
T77 6809-6814 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T78 6942-6944 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009877 denotes NY
T79 7024-7025 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T80 7091-7098 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T81 7146-7153 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T82 7384-7386 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T83 7493-7500 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes Viruses
T84 7542-7545 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T85 7607-7608 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T86 7718-7719 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T87 7827-7832 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T88 7977-7984 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T89 8017-8022 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes genes
T90 8193-8197 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T91 8206-8211 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T92 8312-8317 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes genes
T93 8348-8355 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T94 8481-8483 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T95 8658-8659 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T96 8775-8780 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T97 8784-8788 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero
T98 8784-8788 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 denotes Vero
T99 8789-8794 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T100 8922-8927 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T101 9071-9075 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T102 9165-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T103 9218-9220 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008285 denotes P1
T104 9257-9261 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero
T105 9257-9261 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 denotes Vero
T106 9262-9267 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T107 9434-9441 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes Viruses
T108 9610-9612 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T109 9624-9628 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero
T110 9624-9628 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 denotes Vero
T111 9629-9634 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T112 9665-9670 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T113 9724-9725 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T114 9771-9773 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T115 9792-9797 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T116 9918-9919 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T117 9970-9975 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0003744 denotes h (h)
T118 10077-10081 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9925 denotes goat
T119 10087-10092 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007836 denotes mouse
T120 10155-10156 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T121 10225-10230 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T122 10422-10426 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T123 10565-10574 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000228 denotes syncytium
T124 10847-10851 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T125 11023-11027 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T126 11045-11046 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T127 11132-11134 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008285 denotes P1
T128 11168-11175 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T129 11330-11334 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero
T130 11330-11334 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 denotes Vero
T131 11335-11340 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T132 11383-11388 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T133 11418-11423 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T134 11427-11428 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T135 11485-11490 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T136 11691-11695 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero
T137 11691-11695 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 denotes Vero
T138 11696-11701 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T139 11800-11804 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero
T140 11800-11804 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 denotes Vero
T141 11805-11810 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T142 11881-11885 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001550 denotes a 10
T143 12356-12360 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero
T144 12356-12360 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 denotes Vero
T145 12361-12366 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T146 12609-12614 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T147 12961-12967 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes Animal
T148 13113-13114 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T149 13482-13489 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T150 13493-13494 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T151 13517-13520 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054060 denotes 102
T152 13837-13844 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humanly
T153 14036-14039 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T154 14236-14238 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0004265 denotes HT
T155 14572-14573 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T156 14707-14709 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 45
T157 15171-15176 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T158 15224-15232 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humanely
T159 15372-15374 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T160 15387-15394 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002115 denotes jejunum
T161 15396-15401 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002116 denotes ileum
T162 15410-15415 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colon
T163 15417-15423 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001052 denotes rectum
T164 15417-15423 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006866 denotes rectum
T165 15428-15450 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002509 denotes mesenteric lymph nodes
T166 15992-15996 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes Cell
T167 16209-16213 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9925 denotes goat
T168 16284-16292 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T169 16310-16317 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signals
T170 16393-16398 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001757 denotes 1, at
T171 16399-16400 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T172 16434-16438 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9925 denotes goat
T173 16598-16603 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007836 denotes mouse
T174 16970-16977 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signals
T175 17389-17393 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T176 17521-17522 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T177 17588-17589 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T178 17602-17607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T179 17704-17706 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 denotes 52
T180 17759-17763 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T181 17876-17878 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 denotes 52
T182 17916-17923 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T183 18004-18008 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T184 18030-18032 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T185 18090-18097 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T186 18235-18236 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T187 18508-18509 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T188 18557-18559 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001382 denotes 48
T189 18668-18675 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T190 18717-18724 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T191 18728-18732 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero
T192 18728-18732 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 denotes Vero
T193 18733-18738 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T194 18760-18762 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008285 denotes P1
T195 18999-19006 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T196 19079-19083 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero
T197 19079-19083 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 denotes Vero
T198 19084-19089 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T199 19132-19139 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T200 19173-19175 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T201 19194-19201 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes Viruses
T202 19227-19231 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T203 19320-19329 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000228 denotes syncytium
T204 19441-19448 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T205 19460-19464 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T206 19549-19556 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T207 19570-19574 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T208 19643-19650 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T209 19654-19658 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero
T210 19654-19658 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 denotes Vero
T211 19659-19664 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T212 19740-19741 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T213 19849-19853 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T214 19973-19980 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T215 20006-20010 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T216 20064-20069 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T217 20089-20093 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero
T218 20089-20093 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 denotes Vero
T219 20094-20099 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T220 20174-20181 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T221 20325-20329 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero
T222 20325-20329 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 denotes Vero
T223 20330-20335 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T224 20591-20595 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T225 20665-20666 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T226 20706-20710 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero
T227 20706-20710 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 denotes Vero
T228 20711-20716 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T229 20759-20763 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes Gene
T230 20795-20797 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 denotes 52
T231 20848-20852 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T232 20875-20877 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 denotes 52
T233 20919-20922 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054060 denotes 102
T234 20992-20999 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T235 21161-21168 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T236 21259-21266 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T237 21535-21542 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T238 21558-21562 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T239 21740-21748 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T240 21774-21778 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001757 denotes at 1
T241 21959-21966 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002115 denotes jejunum
T242 21975-21976 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T243 21999-22004 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002116 denotes ileum
T244 22292-22299 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T245 22317-22321 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T246 22371-22372 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T247 22489-22496 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T248 22559-22560 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T249 22606-22613 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002115 denotes jejunum
T250 22788-22795 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002115 denotes jejunum
T251 22978-22979 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T252 23230-23234 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T253 23260-23262 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 denotes 52
T254 23491-23498 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signals
T255 23609-23631 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002509 denotes mesenteric lymph nodes
T256 23710-23717 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T257 23782-23783 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T258 23878-23883 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T259 24098-24103 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T260 24222-24223 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T261 24249-24250 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T262 24366-24367 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T263 24450-24456 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T264 24473-24478 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes genes
T265 24870-24874 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T266 24916-24918 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 denotes 52
T267 25073-25080 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T268 25134-25138 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T269 25170-25175 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T270 25229-25233 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T271 25278-25283 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T272 25402-25406 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T273 25465-25470 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T274 25513-25517 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T275 25765-25770 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T276 25829-25830 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T277 25904-25905 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T278 25990-25997 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T279 26316-26320 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T280 26512-26516 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T281 26633-26634 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T282 26745-26752 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T283 26795-26799 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T284 26811-26817 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T285 26829-26830 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T286 26865-26866 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T287 26877-26881 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T288 26952-26956 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T289 26993-26997 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T290 26998-27003 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T291 27234-27238 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T292 27378-27387 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signaling
T293 27455-27460 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T294 27517-27518 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T295 27530-27534 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T296 27797-27802 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T297 27818-27823 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T298 27860-27865 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T299 27944-27949 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T300 28119-28123 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T301 28205-28208 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T302 28439-28443 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T303 28501-28506 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T304 28518-28519 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T305 28618-28622 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T306 28664-28669 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T307 28943-28945 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T308 29168-29170 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T309 29193-29197 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T310 29287-29289 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T311 29287-29289 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T312 29334-29338 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero
T313 29334-29338 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 denotes Vero
T314 29339-29344 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T315 29449-29453 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T316 29477-29479 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T317 29477-29479 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T318 29597-29601 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero
T319 29597-29601 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 denotes Vero
T320 29602-29607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T321 29675-29681 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes Animal
T322 29757-29761 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T323 29795-29796 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T324 30060-30064 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T325 30068-30070 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T326 30085-30086 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T327 30230-30235 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T328 30366-30371 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T329 30662-30663 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T330 30686-30689 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T331 30837-30842 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T332 30853-30855 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T333 30853-30855 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T334 31024-31025 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T335 31198-31202 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T336 31249-31253 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T337 31257-31258 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T338 31662-31666 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001053 denotes 12/1
T339 31667-31669 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053794 denotes 41
T340 31670-31672 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes s1
T341 31681-31683 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050 denotes S1
T342 31747-31754 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T343 32222-32223 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T344 32421-32428 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T345 32431-32432 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T346 32509-32514 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T347 32534-32538 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero
T348 32534-32538 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 denotes Vero
T349 32539-32544 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T350 32586-32588 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T351 32634-32641 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T352 32657-32661 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T353 32742-32748 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000010213 denotes m. (B)
T354 32774-32783 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000228 denotes syncytium
T355 32847-32851 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T356 33007-33014 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T357 33018-33022 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero
T358 33018-33022 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 denotes Vero
T359 33023-33028 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T360 33182-33186 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero
T361 33182-33186 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 denotes Vero
T362 33187-33192 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T363 33283-33287 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009524 denotes Vero
T364 33283-33287 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050515 denotes Vero
T365 33288-33293 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T366 33313-33320 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T367 33486-33491 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T368 33738-33745 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T369 33786-33787 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T370 33896-33903 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T371 34073-34074 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T372 34167-34174 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T373 34315-34322 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T374 34804-34805 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T375 34919-34926 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002115 denotes jejunum
T376 34931-34936 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002116 denotes ileum
T377 34988-34995 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T378 35159-35160 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T379 35226-35227 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T380 35230-35237 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002115 denotes jejunum
T381 35247-35252 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002116 denotes ileum
T382 35323-35330 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T383 35345-35348 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050884 denotes Ten
T384 35363-35373 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160 denotes intestinal
T385 35363-35373 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834 denotes intestinal
T386 35535-35540 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T387 35595-35599 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T388 35826-35833 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002115 denotes jejunum
T389 35883-35890 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T390 36069-36073 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T391 36133-36140 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes Viruses
T392 36160-36164 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes Gene
T393 36288-36292 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009421 denotes T T
T394 36288-36292 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009935 denotes T T
T395 36288-36292 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052184 denotes T T
T396 36288-36292 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052185 denotes T T
T397 36334-36336 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T398 36334-36336 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T399 36338-36339 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T400 36344-36348 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009126 denotes S R
T401 36360-36362 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T402 36360-36362 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T403 36373-36374 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T404 36387-36389 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T405 36387-36389 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T406 36420-36422 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T407 36420-36422 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T408 36430-36431 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T409 36453-36455 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T410 36453-36455 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T411 36480-36482 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T412 36480-36482 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T413 36512-36514 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T414 36512-36514 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T415 36544-36546 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 denotes S2
T416 36544-36546 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 denotes S2
T417 36553-36554 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T418 36556-36560 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009287 denotes T E
T419 36606-36610 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002415 denotes tail
T420 36707-36714 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T421 36959-36962 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 4/5
T422 37514-37522 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humanely

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 39-46 Chemical denotes Protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16541
T2 2931-2933 Chemical denotes II http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067
T3 3398-3406 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T4 3429-3441 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T5 3501-3509 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T6 3630-3642 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T7 3783-3795 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T8 3828-3835 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T9 3884-3886 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T10 4235-4237 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T11 5387-5394 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T12 6942-6944 Chemical denotes NY http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73427
T13 6986-6993 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T14 7036-7046 Chemical denotes Penicillin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17334
T15 7235-7237 Chemical denotes PI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28874|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53806|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61484|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74790
T19 7294-7303 Chemical denotes phosphate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18367|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26020|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35780|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43474
T23 7311-7314 Chemical denotes TBP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35019
T24 8513-8519 Chemical denotes phenol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15882
T25 8520-8530 Chemical denotes chloroform http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35255
T26 8809-8818 Chemical denotes phosphate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18367|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26020|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35780|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43474
T30 9015-9017 Chemical denotes PI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28874|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53806|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61484|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74790
T34 9218-9220 Chemical denotes P1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60949
T35 9557-9565 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T36 9827-9834 Chemical denotes acetone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15347
T37 10013-10022 Chemical denotes phosphate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18367|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26020|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35780|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43474
T41 10050-10054 Chemical denotes FITC http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37926
T42 10093-10095 Chemical denotes IG http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74066
T43 10294-10306 Chemical denotes phenylindole http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48559
T44 10308-10312 Chemical denotes DAPI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51231
T45 10332-10334 Chemical denotes MA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_474859|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73610|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_90325
T48 10554-10560 Chemical denotes nuclei http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T49 10688-10690 Chemical denotes SF http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_71029
T50 11003-11010 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T51 11132-11134 Chemical denotes P1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60949
T52 11194-11199 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T53 11530-11539 Chemical denotes phosphate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18367|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26020|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35780|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43474
T57 11581-11583 Chemical denotes PI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28874|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53806|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61484|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74790
T61 12061-12063 Chemical denotes PI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28874|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53806|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61484|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74790
T65 12461-12463 Chemical denotes PI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28874|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53806|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61484|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74790
T69 12485-12492 Chemical denotes agarose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2511
T70 12746-12760 Chemical denotes crystal violet http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_41688
T71 12768-12775 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T72 12790-12795 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T73 12858-12872 Chemical denotes crystal violet http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_41688
T74 12873-12881 Chemical denotes solution http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75958
T75 12907-12912 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T76 13534-13536 Chemical denotes PI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28874|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53806|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61484|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74790
T80 14180-14192 Chemical denotes nucleic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T81 14188-14192 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T82 14347-14350 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T83 14538-14543 Chemical denotes probe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50406
T84 15185-15190 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T85 15213-15218 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T86 15548-15559 Chemical denotes hematoxylin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51686
T87 15767-15774 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T88 15866-15872 Chemical denotes xylene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27338
T89 15905-15912 Chemical denotes ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236
T90 15931-15938 Chemical denotes epitope http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53000
T91 15966-15973 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T92 16060-16064 Chemical denotes Tris http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9754
T93 16091-16099 Chemical denotes Tween 20 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53424
T94 16143-16151 Chemical denotes hydrogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637
T95 16337-16344 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T96 16390-16392 Chemical denotes DE http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73828
T97 16629-16632 Chemical denotes DAB http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_90994
T98 16763-16766 Chemical denotes DAB http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_90994
T99 16768-16777 Chemical denotes chromogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75050
T100 16860-16871 Chemical denotes hematoxylin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51686
T101 17139-17141 Chemical denotes SD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74807
T102 18257-18267 Chemical denotes nucleotide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36976
T103 18760-18762 Chemical denotes P1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60949
T104 18827-18834 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T105 19309-19315 Chemical denotes nuclei http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T106 19386-19392 Chemical denotes nuclei http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T107 21009-21011 Chemical denotes PI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28874|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53806|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61484|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74790
T111 21454-21459 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T112 22150-22155 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T113 22179-22184 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T114 26127-26137 Chemical denotes nucleotide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36976
T115 27428-27435 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T116 27693-27701 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T117 28183-28191 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T118 29142-29152 Chemical denotes amino acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709
T119 29142-29147 Chemical denotes amino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882
T120 29148-29152 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T121 29287-29289 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T122 29477-29479 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T123 30255-30265 Chemical denotes amino acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709
T124 30255-30260 Chemical denotes amino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882
T125 30261-30265 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T126 30424-30435 Chemical denotes sialic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667
T127 30431-30435 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T128 30592-30603 Chemical denotes amino acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709
T129 30592-30597 Chemical denotes amino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882
T130 30598-30603 Chemical denotes acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T131 30678-30685 Chemical denotes epitope http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53000
T132 30853-30855 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T133 31866-31872 Chemical denotes formal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48341
T134 32763-32769 Chemical denotes nuclei http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252
T135 33354-33368 Chemical denotes crystal violet http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_41688
T136 33369-33377 Chemical denotes solution http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75958
T137 33907-33909 Chemical denotes PI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28874|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53806|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61484|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74790
T141 34178-34180 Chemical denotes PI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28874|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53806|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61484|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74790
T145 34326-34328 Chemical denotes PI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28874|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53806|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61484|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74790
T149 34649-34651 Chemical denotes PI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28874|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53806|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61484|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74790
T153 35017-35019 Chemical denotes PI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28874|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53806|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61484|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74790
T157 35126-35137 Chemical denotes hematoxylin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51686
T158 35334-35336 Chemical denotes PI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28874|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53806|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61484|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74790
T162 35671-35673 Chemical denotes PI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28874|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53806|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61484|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74790
T166 35894-35896 Chemical denotes PI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28874|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53806|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61484|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74790
T170 36022-36032 Chemical denotes Nucleotide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36976
T171 36037-36047 Chemical denotes amino acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709
T172 36037-36042 Chemical denotes amino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882
T173 36043-36047 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T174 36166-36176 Chemical denotes Nucleotide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36976
T175 36184-36188 Chemical denotes Acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T176 36189-36199 Chemical denotes Nucleotide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36976
T177 36207-36211 Chemical denotes Acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T178 36334-36336 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T179 36360-36362 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T180 36387-36389 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T181 36420-36422 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T182 36453-36455 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T183 36480-36482 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T184 36512-36514 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T185 36544-36546 Chemical denotes S2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387
T186 37167-37169 Chemical denotes ND http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73419
T187 37171-37173 Chemical denotes ND http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73419
T188 37175-37177 Chemical denotes ND http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73419

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 64-73 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes Virulence
T2 64-73 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes Virulence
T3 658-670 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes pathogenesis
T4 925-934 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T5 925-934 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T6 988-1002 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T7 1217-1231 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T8 1545-1554 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T9 1545-1554 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T10 1635-1644 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T11 1635-1644 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T12 1969-1975 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 denotes growth
T13 3539-3552 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009653 denotes morphogenesis
T14 3749-3758 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T15 3749-3758 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T16 4066-4073 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009606 denotes tropism
T17 4274-4289 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061025 denotes membrane fusion
T18 5495-5503 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015297 denotes exchange
T19 5528-5537 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T20 5528-5537 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T21 6032-6041 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T22 6032-6041 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T23 6454-6463 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T24 6454-6463 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T25 6854-6860 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 denotes growth
T26 8681-8694 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351 denotes transcription
T27 8955-8961 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 denotes growth
T28 11232-11246 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T29 11256-11262 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 denotes Growth
T30 13975-13989 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes Viral Shedding
T31 14021-14035 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T32 14371-14392 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 denotes reverse transcription
T33 14379-14392 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351 denotes transcription
T34 14411-14432 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 denotes Reverse Transcription
T35 14419-14432 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351 denotes Transcription
T36 14928-14949 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001171 denotes reverse transcription
T37 14936-14949 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351 denotes transcription
T38 16273-16292 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004601 denotes peroxidase activity
T39 19060-19066 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 denotes growth
T40 19148-19157 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes formation
T41 19721-19727 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 denotes growth
T42 19943-19949 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 denotes growth
T43 20573-20581 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015297 denotes exchange
T44 21299-21313 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T45 21759-21773 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T46 22417-22431 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T47 22885-22899 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T48 23196-23205 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T49 23196-23205 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T50 23332-23341 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T51 23332-23341 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T52 24413-24425 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes pathogenesis
T53 25195-25204 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T54 25195-25204 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T55 25215-25223 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015297 denotes exchange
T56 25316-25330 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T57 25644-25653 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T58 25644-25653 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T59 25802-25811 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T60 25802-25811 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T61 26270-26279 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T62 26270-26279 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T63 26484-26493 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T64 26484-26493 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T65 27347-27361 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019068 denotes viral assembly
T66 27378-27387 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052 denotes signaling
T67 27535-27543 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015297 denotes exchange
T68 27566-27575 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T69 27566-27575 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T70 27719-27732 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009653 denotes morphogenesis
T71 27893-27907 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T72 27974-27983 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T73 27974-27983 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T74 27997-28011 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T75 28408-28417 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T76 28408-28417 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T77 28543-28552 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T78 28543-28552 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T79 29739-29747 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015297 denotes exchange
T80 29819-29833 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes viral shedding
T81 30193-30202 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes virulence
T82 30193-30202 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes virulence
T83 31211-31223 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes pathogenesis
T84 32976-32982 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 denotes Growth
T85 36748-36762 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes Viral Shedding
T86 36775-36789 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019076 denotes Viral Shedding

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-185 Sentence denotes Investigation of the Role of the Spike Protein in Reversing the Virulence of the Highly Virulent Taiwan Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Pintung 52 Strains and Its Attenuated Counterpart
T2 187-195 Sentence denotes Abstract
T3 196-377 Sentence denotes Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has continuously caused severe economic losses to the global swine industries; however, no successful vaccine against PEDV has been developed.
T4 378-671 Sentence denotes In this study, we generated four autologous recombinant viruses, including the highly virulent iPEDVPT-P5, attenuated iPEDVPT-P96, and two chimeric viruses (iPEDVPT-P5-96S and iPEDVPT-P96-5S) with the reciprocally exchanged spike (S) gene, to study the role of the S gene in PEDV pathogenesis.
T5 672-812 Sentence denotes A deeper understanding of PEDV attenuation will aid in the rational design of a live attenuated vaccine (LAV) using reverse genetics system.
T6 813-1068 Sentence denotes Our results showed that replacing the S gene from the highly virulent iPEDVPT-P5 led to complete restoration of virulence of the attenuated iPEDVPT-P96, with nearly identical viral shedding, diarrhea pattern, and mortality rate as the parental iPEDVPT-P5.
T7 1069-1350 Sentence denotes In contrast, substitution of the S gene with that from the attenuated iPEDVPT-P96 resulted in partial attenuation of iPEDVPT-P5, exhibiting similar viral shedding and diarrhea patterns as the parental iPEDVPT-P96 with slightly severe histological lesions and higher mortality rate.
T8 1351-1480 Sentence denotes Collectively, our data confirmed that the attenuation of the PEDVPT-P96 virus is primarily attributed to mutations in the S gene.
T9 1481-1569 Sentence denotes However, mutation in S gene alone could not fully attenuate the virulence of iPEDVPT-P5.
T10 1570-1645 Sentence denotes Gene (s) other than S gene might also play a role in determining virulence.
T11 1647-1649 Sentence denotes 1.
T12 1650-1662 Sentence denotes Introduction
T13 1663-1804 Sentence denotes Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an enveloped, positive-sense and single stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Alphacoronavirus.
T14 1805-2014 Sentence denotes PEDV is the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), a historic, highly contagious enteric swine disease characterized by diarrhea, dehydration and poor growth performance in pigs at all ages [1,2].
T15 2015-2211 Sentence denotes PED was first identified in 1971 in the United Kingdom, and subsequently became an endemic disease in the Europe and most Asian countries with a low mortality rate and limited economic losses [1].
T16 2212-2352 Sentence denotes For decades, the disease was controlled through the use of live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) derived from the PEDV prototypes, CV777- or DR13.
T17 2353-2486 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, in late 2010, a new highly virulent PEDV strain emerged in China and quickly spread worldwide, including Taiwan [3,4].
T18 2487-2747 Sentence denotes Moreover, the conventional LAV failed to induce protection against this new virulent PEDV strain, consequently resulting in nearly 100% mortality amongst neonatal piglets and leading to substantial economic impacts on swine markets in the affected regions [5].
T19 2748-2811 Sentence denotes Phylogenetic analysis categorizes PEDV into two genogroups [2].
T20 2812-3009 Sentence denotes Genogroup I consists primarily of the historic, low-virulent PEDV strains that appeared around 1970, whereas genogroup II is composed of the highly virulent PEDV strains, which emerged after 2010s.
T21 3010-3217 Sentence denotes Both genogroups can be further divided into two subgroups each, namely G1a, G1b, G2a and G2b though a recent phylogenetic study identified a novel recombinant PEDV strain classified into a new G1c clade [6].
T22 3218-3329 Sentence denotes The complete genome of PEDV is approximately 28 kilobase pairs and consists of seven open reading frames (ORF).
T23 3330-3602 Sentence denotes Out of the seven, four ORFs are responsible for encoding structural proteins, namely the spike (S) glycoprotein as well as envelop (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins, which are crucial for viral morphogenesis and establishment of infection establishment [7].
T24 3603-3780 Sentence denotes Among all coronaviruses, S glycoprotein plays a particularly essential role in cell-virus interaction and acts as the vital determinants of viral virulence/attenuation [8,9,10].
T25 3781-3922 Sentence denotes S glycoprotein is a homotrimeric type I fusion protein, which can be cleaved into two parts—the S1 and S2 subunits—by cellular protease [11].
T26 3923-4129 Sentence denotes The S1 subunit contains the receptor binding domain (RBD) and several neutralizing epitopes that are essential for determining host and tissue tropism, and triggering protective host immunity, respectively.
T27 4130-4230 Sentence denotes Therefore, the S1 subunit has long been considered to be the primary target for vaccine development.
T28 4231-4372 Sentence denotes The S2 domain, on the other hand, mediates membrane fusion which facilitates release of viral RNA and infection to the neighboring cells [8].
T29 4373-4481 Sentence denotes LAVs have been shown to be the most effective way to elicit protective immunity against PEDV infection [12].
T30 4482-4658 Sentence denotes Therefore, to combat the emergence of PED as well as to immediately suppress any future outbreaks, studies have been carried out to develop safe and effective vaccines [13,14].
T31 4659-4914 Sentence denotes Aside from serial cell culture or animal passages, the reverse genetic system, which rescues genetically modified attenuated viruses, is now the common approach in generating LAV candidates for both human and animal viral diseases, including PEDV [15,16].
T32 4915-5088 Sentence denotes To this end, understanding the molecular biology and identification of virulent/attenuating determinant(s) are necessary for the rational design of potential LAV candidates.
T33 5089-5312 Sentence denotes Comparison of the genomic differences between the Vero cell-cultured attenuated G2b PEDV and their corresponding parental virulent strains has revealed a common pattern of mutation that particularly affects the S gene [12].
T34 5313-5618 Sentence denotes While the observation is reasonable considering the fundamental role of S protein in PEDV infection and induction of host immunity, a recent publication found that a singular S gene exchange had no influence on the virulence of the highly virulent G2b BJ2011C strain and avirulent G1a CHM2013 strain [17].
T35 5619-5855 Sentence denotes In the present study, we utilized reverse genetics to examine the role of the S gene in the attenuation process of PEDV using the highly virulent and attenuated G2b PEDV Pintung (PEDVPT) 52 strains, the PEDVPT-P5 and PEDVPT-P96 viruses.
T36 5856-5931 Sentence denotes Nonetheless, our findings were discordant with previous reported data [17].
T37 5932-6042 Sentence denotes We found that replacement of the S gene with the iPEDVPT-P5 virus enabled iPEDVPT-P96 to regain its virulence.
T38 6043-6167 Sentence denotes A reciprocal approach revealed that iPEDVPT-P5 virus became partly attenuated after the S gene was exchanged to iPEDVPT-P96.
T39 6168-6288 Sentence denotes Collectively, we concluded that the S gene is of critical importance to the attenuation process of the PEDVPT 52 strain.
T40 6289-6379 Sentence denotes However, mutation in the S gene alone could not completely attenuate the iPEDVPT-P5 virus.
T41 6380-6464 Sentence denotes Thus, gene(s) other than S gene could also play a role in determining the virulence.
T42 6466-6468 Sentence denotes 2.
T43 6469-6490 Sentence denotes Materials and Methods
T44 6492-6496 Sentence denotes 2.1.
T45 6497-6513 Sentence denotes Ethics Statement
T46 6514-6773 Sentence denotes All procedures involving animal experiment were reviewed, approved and conducted in strict accordance with the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of National Taiwan University (Taiwan, Republic of China) with the approval No.: NTU105EL-00160.
T47 6775-6779 Sentence denotes 2.2.
T48 6780-6797 Sentence denotes Cells and Viruses
T49 6798-6824 Sentence denotes Vero C1008 cells (ATCC No.
T50 6825-7074 Sentence denotes CRL-1586) were maintained in growth medium containing Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine protein (FBS), 250 ng/mL Amphotericin B, 100 U/mL Penicillin and 100 μg/mL Streptomycin.
T51 7075-7388 Sentence denotes The recombinant viruses (iPEDVPT-P5 and iPEDVPT-P96), and the chimeric viruses (iPEDVPT-P5-96S and iPEDVPT-P96-5S), were propagated in post-inoculation medium (PI medium) containing DMEM supplemented with 0.3% tryptose phosphate broth (TBP), 0.02% yeast extract, and 10 μg/mL trypsin as described previously [18].
T52 7390-7394 Sentence denotes 2.3.
T53 7395-7500 Sentence denotes Generation and Recovery of Recombinant iPEDVPT-P5, iPEDVPT-P96, iPEDVPT-P5-96S and iPEDVPT-P96-5S Viruses
T54 7501-7577 Sentence denotes The strategy used to recover iPEDVPT-P96 has been described previously [19].
T55 7578-7687 Sentence denotes The approach to constructing a cDNA clone of iPEDVPT-P5 was technically identical to that of the iPEDVPT-P96.
T56 7688-7955 Sentence denotes However, we split the plasmid B into two fragments because the sequence remained toxic to the One Shot™ TOP10 Chemically Competent E. coli cells (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, USA) despite propagation in LB broth supplemented with 10% SOC medium and being incubated at 30 °C.
T57 7956-8154 Sentence denotes To generate chimeric viruses carrying heterologous spike (S) genes, namely the iPEDVPT-P5-96S and iPEDVPT-P96-5S, cDNA clones of iPEDVPT-P5 and iPEDVPT-P96, respectively, were used as the backbones.
T58 8155-8281 Sentence denotes The sequences covering the complete S gene of each virus were exchanged without disruption to the remaining genomic structure.
T59 8282-8382 Sentence denotes Sequence differences in the S genes of iPEDVPT-P5 and iPEDVPT-P96 viruses are summarized in Table 1.
T60 8383-8575 Sentence denotes Each plasmid was digested with corresponding type-IIS restriction enzymes as designated in Figure S1, gel-purified, assembled and phenol-chloroform extracted to generate the full-length cDNAs.
T61 8576-8894 Sentence denotes The cDNAs were then in vitro transcribed to the full-length RNA transcripts using a mMessage mMachine T7 transcription kit (Ambion, Austin, CA, USA) and immediately electroporated into 800 μL of 107 cells/mL Vero cells in RNase-free phosphate buffered saline (PBS) along with 5 μg of PEDV nucleocapsid (N) transcripts.
T62 8895-9087 Sentence denotes After electroporation, the cells were allowed to recover in growth medium for approximately 16 h and then maintained in PI-medium until cytopathic effects involved over 90% of cell monolayers.
T63 9088-9222 Sentence denotes The whole flasks were subjected to one freeze-and-thaw cycle and the rescued viruses were passaged once to generate viral stocks (P1).
T64 9223-9327 Sentence denotes The viral stocks were titrated on Vero cells in 96-well plates to determine the viral titer (see below).
T65 9329-9333 Sentence denotes 2.4.
T66 9334-9441 Sentence denotes In Vitro Characterization of Recombinant iPEDVPT-P5, iPEDVPT-P96, iPEDVPT-P5-96S and iPEDVPT-P96-5S Viruses
T67 9443-9449 Sentence denotes 2.4.1.
T68 9450-9496 Sentence denotes Immunofluorescence Assay and Syncytia Analysis
T69 9497-9614 Sentence denotes Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was performed to detect PEDV antigens as previously described with modifications [18].
T70 9615-9767 Sentence denotes Briefly, Vero cells in 96-well plates (1.75 × 104 cells/well) were infected with the designated P1viruses at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.005.
T71 9768-9976 Sentence denotes At 18 h post-infection, cells were fixed with 80% ice-cold acetone, air-dried, and then incubated with an in-house anti-PEDV S antibody, P4B [20], at a dilution of 1:1000 at room temperature (RT) for 1 h (h).
T72 9977-10189 Sentence denotes After being washed three times with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), the FITC-conjugated monoclonal goat anti-mouse-IG antibody (BD Pharmingen, San Jose, CA, USA) was applied at a dilution of 1:500 at RT for 1 h.
T73 10190-10363 Sentence denotes Following the final wash step, the cells were counterstained with mounting medium with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) in the dark for 1 min.
T74 10364-10463 Sentence denotes Images were visualized and captured using ZOE fluorescent cell imager (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA).
T75 10464-10575 Sentence denotes Syncytia analysis were performed concurrently along with IFA by calculating the number of nuclei per syncytium.
T76 10577-10583 Sentence denotes 2.4.2.
T77 10584-10601 Sentence denotes Sequence Analysis
T78 10602-11247 Sentence denotes Sequence analysis was conducted as described previously [18,19] and two primer pairs (SF-7: ACTCTCGACTGGACATTC and 2R: CAGACTTCGAGACATCTTTG; 5FR-3: ATTAGAGCGATTCTCCATGAC and 5FR-6: TACACACATTGTGGTGCTATTGAG) targeting the C-terminal end of the S gene, which contained both naturally occurred and artificially introduced marker mutations (Figure 1, asterisks and Table 1), as well as the non-structural protein 15 (nsp 15) gene, which contained a naturally occurred mutation (G19470T) were used to verify the identities of the four P1 viral stocks and the recombinant viruses shed in feces per group at the time point of peak fecal viral shedding.
T79 11249-11255 Sentence denotes 2.4.3.
T80 11256-11305 Sentence denotes Growth Kinetics, Viral Titration and Plaque Assay
T81 11306-11480 Sentence denotes Confluent monolayers of Vero cells were seeded onto six-well plates (5 × 105 cells/well) and infected with each virus at a MOI of 1 and 0.001 at 37 °C for 1 h in triplicates.
T82 11481-11591 Sentence denotes The cells were then washed twice with Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) and maintained in PI medium.
T83 11592-11789 Sentence denotes The supernatants at indicated time points were collected and proceeded for viral quantification on Vero cells in 96-well plates using the standard 50% tissue-culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay.
T84 11790-11993 Sentence denotes In brief, Vero cells in 96-well plates were washed twice with DPBS and then incubated with a 10-fold serially diluted culture supernatant acquired from the aforementioned six-well plate at 37 °C for 1 h.
T85 11994-12095 Sentence denotes After absorption, the inoculum was removed and replaced with fresh PI-medium following one wash step.
T86 12096-12180 Sentence denotes The titers were determined at 72 h post-infection using the Reed–Muench method [21].
T87 12181-12275 Sentence denotes Plaque assays were performed as previously described [19] to characterize plaque morphologies.
T88 12276-12493 Sentence denotes Briefly, after absorption of PEDVs at an MOI of 0.0001, confluent monolayers of Vero cells in six-well plates were washed twice with DPBS and then covered with an overlay of pre-warmed PI medium containing 1% agarose.
T89 12494-12604 Sentence denotes After solidification of the overlays, the plates were incubated at 37 °C for 72 h to produce distinct plaques.
T90 12605-12713 Sentence denotes The cells were then fixed in 3.16% neutral-buffered formalin for 1 h before removing the semisolid overlays.
T91 12714-12806 Sentence denotes The plates were stained with 1% crystal violet in 20% ethanol and distilled water for 1 min.
T92 12807-12954 Sentence denotes Viral plaques were inspected after washing off the crystal violet solution, rinsing the plates with water, and air-drying at room temperature (RT).
T93 12956-12960 Sentence denotes 2.5.
T94 12961-12978 Sentence denotes Animal Experiment
T95 12979-13295 Sentence denotes Thirty-seven, six-day-old, Large White × Duroc, crossbred, fecal PEDV and TGEV shedding-negative suckling piglets were purchased from a conventional pig farm devoid of G2b PEDV infection history based on the negative result of our long-term surveillance of serum antibody and colostrum against PEDV in this pig farm.
T96 13296-13558 Sentence denotes These piglets from different sows were fed with artificial milk and were randomly assigned to five groups, acclimated for one day, and then inoculated orally with indicative recombinant viruses at a dose of 2 mL of 0.5 × 102 TCID50/mL or PI-medium, respectively.
T97 13559-13610 Sentence denotes Clinical signs and weight gain were recorded daily.
T98 13611-13672 Sentence denotes Fecal consistency was monitored daily and scored visually as:
T99 13673-13751 Sentence denotes 0 = normal, 1 = loose, 2 = semi-fluid, and 3 = watery as previously described.
T100 13752-13856 Sentence denotes Calculation of average daily weight gain was only performed on piglets that were not humanly euthanized.
T101 13857-13904 Sentence denotes The formula used for calculation is as follows:
T102 13905-13937 Sentence denotes Weight gained/ surviving period.
T103 13939-13945 Sentence denotes 2.5.1.
T104 13946-13989 Sentence denotes Quantification of PEDV Fecal Viral Shedding
T105 13990-14071 Sentence denotes Methods to quantify fecal PEDV viral shedding has been described previously [19].
T106 14072-14332 Sentence denotes Briefly, fecal samples collected from rectal swabs were resuspended in DPBS and then subjected to automated nucleic acid extraction using Cador Pathogen 96 QIAcube HT Kit with QIAcube (Qiagen Inc., Hilden, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
T107 14333-14624 Sentence denotes Complementary DNA was synthesized via reverse transcription using QuantiNova™ Reverse Transcription kit (Qiagen Inc., Hilden, Germany) and proceeded to quantitative real-time PCR analysis using the primer-probe set published previously on a CFX96 Thermal Cycler (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA).
T108 14625-14762 Sentence denotes The thermal profile comprised an initial denaturation at 95 °C for 2 min and then 45 cycles of 95 °C for 15 s followed by 60 °C for 15 s.
T109 14763-15002 Sentence denotes The detection limit of the assay was determined by generating standard curves from serial 10-fold dilutions of known amounts of in vitro transcribed RNA followed by reverse transcription and real-time PCR quantification as described above.
T110 15003-15069 Sentence denotes The detection limit was calculated as 4.8 log10 RNA copies per mL.
T111 15071-15077 Sentence denotes 2.5.2.
T112 15078-15117 Sentence denotes Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry
T113 15118-15376 Sentence denotes At three days post-inoculation, three pigs from each virus-treated group and one pig from mock group were humanely euthanized by electrocution followed by exsanguination for histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments, as described previously [22].
T114 15377-15694 Sentence denotes Duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, rectum and mesenteric lymph nodes were collected, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, sectioned at 4 μm, and stained routinely with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for morphometric analysis by assessing the ratio of villi height to crypt depth blindly by one veterinary pathologist.
T115 15695-15775 Sentence denotes Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the distribution of PEDV antigen.
T116 15776-16023 Sentence denotes Briefly, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were sectioned at 4 μm, deparaffined in xylene, rehydrated in serially diluted ethanol, and proceeded to epitope retrieval with the Trilogy antigen retrieval system (Cell Marque, Rocklin, CA, USA).
T117 16024-16332 Sentence denotes After being washed three times with Tris-buffered saline plus 0.1% Tween 20 (TBST), tissue slides were treated with 3% hydrogen peroxidase (KYB, New Taipei City, Taiwan) and 10% normal goat serum (Dako, Carpinteria, CA, USA) to block the endogenous peroxidase activity and non-specific signals, respectively.
T118 16333-16524 Sentence denotes For antigen detection, an in-house anti-PEDV N antibody, DE-1, at a dilution of 1:1000 in 10% normal goat serum was applied to the slides for 1 h at RT followed by three times wash with TBST.
T119 16525-16823 Sentence denotes The first antibodies were then captured using the polyclonal anti-rabbit/mouse immunoglobulin, EnVision-DAB+ system (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) at RT for 1 h and color was developed afterward with 3, 3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) chromogen (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA).
T120 16824-16960 Sentence denotes The slides were counterstained with hematoxylin (MUTO, Tokyo, Japan), mounted in Entellan (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and cover slipped.
T121 16961-17051 Sentence denotes Positive signals were visualized under an inverted light microscope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan).
T122 17053-17057 Sentence denotes 2.6.
T123 17058-17078 Sentence denotes Statistical Analysis
T124 17079-17143 Sentence denotes All values were expressed as the mean standard ± deviation (SD).
T125 17144-17322 Sentence denotes Comparison of syncytia size and villous height to crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio were analyzed using statistical software GraphPad Prism 6.0 (GraphPad Prism Inc., San Diego, CA, USA).
T126 17323-17445 Sentence denotes Variables were compared using the non-parametrical Kruskal–Wallis test; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
T127 17447-17449 Sentence denotes 3.
T128 17450-17457 Sentence denotes Results
T129 17459-17463 Sentence denotes 3.1.
T130 17464-17493 Sentence denotes Recovery of recombinant PEDVs
T131 17494-17731 Sentence denotes We have recently developed a reverse genetic platform of PEDV and have successfully generated a recombinant virus, iPEDVPT-P96, which is phenotypically comparable to its parental attenuated Taiwan PEDV-Pintung 52 strain, PEDVPT-P96 [19].
T132 17732-18034 Sentence denotes To study the role of the S gene in the attenuation mechanism of PEDVPT-P96, we further generated the recombinant, highly virulent Taiwan PEDVPT 52 strain, iPEDVPT-P5, and two chimeric viruses (iPEDVPT-P5-96S and iPEDVPT-P96-5S) by replacing the complete sequence of the S gene reciprocally (Figure S1).
T133 18035-18151 Sentence denotes In general, the approach to rescue the new recombinant viruses were virtually the same as published previously [19].
T134 18152-18387 Sentence denotes However, for the generation of iPEDVPT-P5 and iPEDVPT-P5-96S, we split the plasmid B to two fragments at nucleotide position of 9654 according to Hou et al. [23] in order to compensate for the instability caused by the toxic sequences.
T135 18388-18550 Sentence denotes The in vitro and in vivo properties of iPEDVPT-P5 were confirmed similarly to those of the parental PEDVPT-P5 strain in a seven-day-old conventional piglet model.
T136 18551-18676 Sentence denotes At 24–48 h post-electroporation, typical PEDV cytopathic effects of giant syncytia were observed for all recombinant viruses.
T137 18677-18897 Sentence denotes Viral stocks were prepared by passaging viruses in Vero cells one additional time (P1), and the presence of PEDV was confirmed by detection of PEDV S protein by immunofluorescence assay (Figure 1A) and sequence analyses.
T138 18899-18903 Sentence denotes 3.2.
T139 18904-18950 Sentence denotes In Vitro Characterization of Recombinant PEDVs
T140 18951-19115 Sentence denotes The in vitro characteristics of the recombinant viruses were compared by evaluation of the size of syncytia, growth kinetics in Vero cells, and plaque morphologies.
T141 19116-19193 Sentence denotes All recombinant viruses induced formation of syncytia by 18 h post-infection.
T142 19194-19428 Sentence denotes Viruses carrying the identical S gene exhibited similar fusogenic ability as suggested by the comparable number of nuclei per syncytium; representative micrographs used to count the number of nuclei in syncytia are shown in Figure 1A.
T143 19429-19611 Sentence denotes Remarkably, viruses carrying S gene derived from iPEDVPT-P96, induced 3.5 to 4 times larger syncytia than the other two viruses containing S gene derived from iPEDVPT-P5 (Figure 1B).
T144 19612-19803 Sentence denotes Replication of all recombinant viruses in Vero cells were examined by performing both one-step and multistep growth kinetics at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1 and 0.001, respectively.
T145 19804-20112 Sentence denotes Interestingly, although replacement of the S gene resulted in an alteration of the replication kinetics and efficiency, leading to similar growth curve patterns between viruses carrying the identical S gene sequence, it did not fully reverse the capability of virus yield, at least in Vero cells (Figure 1C).
T146 20113-20225 Sentence denotes We observed that plaque morphologies of the four recombinant viruses correlated to the results of syncytia size.
T147 20226-20542 Sentence denotes At 72 h post-infection, both iPEDVPT-P5 and iPEDVPT-P96-5S induced barely visible viral plaques in Vero cells macroscopically, whereas iPEDVPT-P96 and iPEDVPT-5-96S generated distinct and comparable viral plaques with the plaque size of iPEDVPT-P5-96S being slightly smaller than that of the iPEDVPT-P96 (Figure 1D).
T148 20543-20717 Sentence denotes These data suggested that the exchange of the S gene between iPEDVPT-P5 and iPEDVPT-P96 affected the fusogenicity and, to a lesser extent, replication kinetics in Vero cells.
T149 20719-20723 Sentence denotes 3.3.
T150 20724-20804 Sentence denotes Investigation of the Role of Spike Gene on the Pathogenicity of PEDVPT 52 strain
T151 20805-21091 Sentence denotes To evaluate the pathogenicity related to S gene replacement in PEDVPT 52 strain, we orally inoculated 2 mL of 5 × 102 TCID50/mL of iPEDVPT-P5, iPEDVPT-P5-96S, iPEDVPT-P96, iPEDVPT-P96-5S viruses and with PI medium in seven-day-old crossbred piglets assigned in the corresponding groups.
T152 21092-21218 Sentence denotes Parameters used to assess the pathogenicity of different recombinant viruses were summarized in Table 2 and shown in Figure 2.
T153 21219-21375 Sentence denotes The target sequences of the recombinant viruses at the time point of peak fecal viral shedding in each pig was confirmed identical to the original inoculum.
T154 21376-21498 Sentence denotes No viral RNA shedding, diarrhea or mortality was detected in the mock-treated group during the entire experimental course.
T155 21499-21804 Sentence denotes Piglets inoculated with recombinant viruses carrying the S gene derived from the highly virulent iPEDVPT-P5, namely the iPEDVPT-P5 itself and iPEDVPT-P96-5S, had an early onset of clinical symptoms including diarrhea, anorexia and decreased activity, and peak viral shedding at 1 d post-inoculation (DPI).
T156 21805-22071 Sentence denotes At 3 DPI, piglets inoculated with iPEDVPT-P5 (n = 3) and iPEDVPT-P96-5S (n = 3) both exhibited extensive PEDV-induced villous blunting and atrophy in the jejunum and, to a lesser extent, in the ileum; histological changes in the duodenum were not obvious (Figure 3).
T157 22072-22228 Sentence denotes Mortality rates of both groups were comparable, reaching 50% at 2 (iPEDVPT-P5 group) and 5 (iPEDVPT-P96-5S group) DPI and ultimately exceeded 80% by 10 DPI.
T158 22229-22432 Sentence denotes In comparison, inoculation with iPEDVPT-P5-96S and iPEDVPT-P96 viruses containing the S gene derived from the attenuated iPEDVPT-P96, induced a delayed onset of clinical symptoms and peak viral shedding.
T159 22433-22684 Sentence denotes Histological evaluation of piglets inoculated with both viruses (iPEDVPT-P96, n = 3; iPEDVPT-P5-96S, n = 3) at 3 DPI revealed a much milder degree of villous atrophy in the jejunum with conspicuous villous hyperplasia compared to the other two groups.
T160 22685-22840 Sentence denotes Notably, iPEDVPT-P5-96S-treated piglets exhibited statistically significant severer villous atrophy in jejunum than iPEDVPT-P96-treated piglets (Figure 3).
T161 22841-23142 Sentence denotes Despite the similar pattern and severity of viral shedding and clinical symptoms, inoculation with iPEDVPT-P5-96S eventually resulted in a higher mortality rate (40% in iPEDVPT-P96 and 80 % and iPEDVPT-P5-96S) and lower average daily weight gain by 10 DPI than those upon inoculation with iPEDVPT-P96.
T162 23143-23360 Sentence denotes These data suggested that iPEDVPT-P96 fully regained virulence by replacement of the S gene from the virulent PEDVPT 52 strains and the complementary approach can only partially reduce the virulence of the iPEDVPT-P5.
T163 23361-23632 Sentence denotes In agreement with the previous study, immunohistochemistry using anti-PEDV nucleocapsid monoclonal antibody demonstrated positive signals predominantly in the jejunal and ileal enterocytes at the top of villi (Figure 4) but occasionally within the mesenteric lymph nodes.
T164 23633-23718 Sentence denotes No difference in the viral distribution was identified among the recombinant viruses.
T165 23720-23722 Sentence denotes 4.
T166 23723-23733 Sentence denotes Discussion
T167 23734-23892 Sentence denotes Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) to date remains a colossal burden to the global swine industries owing to the lack of successful vaccine in the field [12,13].
T168 23893-24199 Sentence denotes Moreover, other emerging and re-emerging swine enteric coronaviruses, including porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) [24], and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) [25], further complicate the field condition by affecting diagnostic accuracy and increasing the risk of viral recombination [26].
T169 24200-24334 Sentence denotes Hence, there is still a pressing need to develop a safe and effective vaccine, particularly the LAV, to mount this disastrous disease.
T170 24335-24492 Sentence denotes The reverse genetics system is a powerful and widely used tool to study viral pathogenesis and novel LAV design by active modification of genes of interests.
T171 24493-24676 Sentence denotes Previous studies using reverse genetics on other coronaviruses have identified many virulent/attenuating determinants that might be shared among different genus of coronaviruses [12].
T172 24677-24814 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, direct evidences of attenuation due to harboring those mutated determinant(s) in pigs are still limited in PEDV [16,23,27].
T173 24815-25139 Sentence denotes In the present study, to investigate the role of the S gene in the attenuation process of the PEDVPT 52 strain, we generated four infectious cDNA clones of G2b PEDV, including the parental virulent iPEDVPT-P5, attenuated iPEDVPT-P96, as well as two chimeric viruses (iPEDVPT-P5-96S and iPEDVPT-P96-5S) with exchanged S gene.
T174 25140-25371 Sentence denotes We found that the iPEDVPT-P96 virus fully regained the virulence after the exchange of S gene derived from the highly virulent iPEDVPT-P5 virus, showing comparable patterns of viral shedding, diarrhea and histopathological changes.
T175 25372-25591 Sentence denotes Our data confirmed that the S gene is the primary attenuating determinant of the iPEDVPT-P96 virus and the genetic backbone other than the S gene involving the attenuation of the iPEDVPT-P96 might be of less importance.
T176 25592-25771 Sentence denotes However, the iPEDVPT-P5-96S still exhibited partial virulence resulting in severer villous attenuation and higher mortality rate compared to those caused by the iPEDVPT-P96 virus.
T177 25772-25848 Sentence denotes This result supports that the virulence of PEDV might be a multigenic event.
T178 25849-25973 Sentence denotes In the present study, the first pair of cDNA clones of a virulent G2b PEDV and its derived attenuated strain were generated.
T179 25974-26213 Sentence denotes Since these two viruses were closely related to each other, this established platform would allow for easier manipulate in studying the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism for identifying potential virulent/attenuating determinate(s).
T180 26214-26347 Sentence denotes In the present study, we demonstrated that reversion of virulence or attenuation occurred after the S gene was reciprocally replaced.
T181 26348-26617 Sentence denotes However, this finding is in disagreement with previously published results by Wang et al. [17], indicating that there was an absence of virulence reversion after S gene substitution between the highly virulent G2b strain, BJ2011C, and the avirulent G1a strain, CHM2013.
T182 26618-26717 Sentence denotes There could be a few reasons for the discrepancy between our observations that of previous studies.
T183 26718-26766 Sentence denotes First, the autonomy of the viruses is different.
T184 26767-27016 Sentence denotes Viral attenuation in serial cell-culture or animal passage is a progressive process that involves a series of gene mutations and the subsequent alternated cooperative interplay between gene products and mechanisms influencing cell-virus interaction.
T185 27017-27248 Sentence denotes Although the patterns of attenuating mutation are similar among G2b PEDV strains, the asynchronous mutations between different PEDV strains could lead to loss of the cooperative or complementary function(s) for other gene products.
T186 27249-27336 Sentence denotes In the previous study, the used viral strains belonged to different genogroups [17,28].
T187 27337-27436 Sentence denotes Efficient viral assembly requires proper signaling and interaction between each structural protein.
T188 27437-27733 Sentence denotes Since the BJ2011C virus belonged to genogroup 2b, we speculated that the reason a singular S gene exchange failed to reverse the virulence of the avirulent G1a CHM2013 strain might be due to, at least in part, the suboptimal cooperation between structural proteins in terms of PEDV morphogenesis.
T189 27734-27824 Sentence denotes Second, the degree of attenuation differed between the CHM2013 virus and PEDVPT-P96 virus.
T190 27825-28104 Sentence denotes Comparing to the avirulent CHM2013 virus that induced no detectable viral shedding in two-day-old piglets, iPEDVPT-P96 virus retained some levels of virulence as it caused viral shedding, observable clinical symptoms, and even mortality in the seven-day-old conventional piglets.
T191 28105-28335 Sentence denotes Besides the S gene [17,28], the abolishment of the function of non-structural proteins (NSPs) alone has been demonstrated to attenuate highly virulent PEDVs by disrupting the antagonistic ability of host interferons (IFN) [16,27].
T192 28336-28455 Sentence denotes That means, when the function of certain NSP was abated, PEDVs lose its virulence, regardless of the S gene they carry.
T193 28456-28670 Sentence denotes Therefore, variations of NSPs in the CHM2013 virus might have a critical effect on its virulence, and the effect might be stronger than that contributed by the S gene derived from the highly virulent BJ2011C virus.
T194 28671-28947 Sentence denotes Similarly, we also speculated that the IFN-suppressive function provided by NSP(s) might also contribute to virulent differences between the iPEDVPT-P5-96S and iPEDVPT-P96 since nine mutations were identified in NSPs in the iPEDVPT-P96 as compared with that of PEDVPT-P5 [18].
T195 28948-29029 Sentence denotes Regardless, further studies are needed to clarify the hypotheses mentioned above.
T196 29030-29212 Sentence denotes Sequence comparison between the autologous highly virulent PEDVPT-P5 and attenuated PEDVPT-P96 revealed several amino acid substitutions [18], especially in the S gene (see Table 1).
T197 29213-29353 Sentence denotes Consistent with other studies, these mutations chiefly accumulated in the S2 domain, presumably because of adaptation to Vero cells [12,29].
T198 29354-29674 Sentence denotes In the present study, the enhanced fusogenic ability in vitro was distinctly ascribed to the S gene, more specifically the S2 domain, derived from iPEDVPT-P96 and presumably represented the evolutionary process to increase viral progeny since Vero cells are not of swine-origin but readily susceptible to PEDV infection.
T199 29675-29925 Sentence denotes Animal experiments with seven-day-old piglets revealed that the exchange of the S gene from the iPEDVPT-P96 resulted in a delayed onset of peak viral shedding, diarrhea, and milder villous atrophy when examined histologically at 3 d post-inoculation.
T200 29926-30214 Sentence denotes Additionally, in contrast to the findings published by Wang et al. [17], Suzuki et al. [30] reported that replacement of the entire S gene or S1 sequence from a highly virulent OKN-1/JPN/2013 American type PEDV strain enabled the attenuated rPEDVGFP-CV777 to acquire virulence in piglets.
T201 30215-30372 Sentence denotes In iPEDVPT-P96 virus, however, only two amino acid substitutions were identified in the S10 (C144T) and S1B (T554C) domains compared to the iPEDVPT-P5 virus.
T202 30373-30527 Sentence denotes For PEDV, S10 and S1B domains are known to contain sialic acid-binding and receptor-binding domains, respectively; thus, are crucial for viral entry [31].
T203 30528-30711 Sentence denotes Although Hou et al. [23] previously showed that deletion of 197 amino acids in S10 domain of PEDV resulted in attenuation in piglets, a more specific epitope has yet to be identified.
T204 30712-30911 Sentence denotes Therefore, we are curious about whether only these two mutations in iPEDVPT-P96 can attenuate the highly virulent iPEDVPT-P5 virus or if the S2 domain must be primarily accounted for the attenuation.
T205 30912-30974 Sentence denotes Future studies will be conducted to elucidate these questions.
T206 30975-31224 Sentence denotes In this study, the first pair of cDNA clones for a virulent G2b PEDV, and its derived attenuated strain were generated, allowing us to use both gain-of-function and lose-of-function approaches to studying the role of the S gene in PEDV pathogenesis.
T207 31225-31376 Sentence denotes We confirmed that the S gene is a crucial virulent/attenuating determinant for the iPEDVPT-P96, but its importance varies among different PEDV strains.
T208 31377-31530 Sentence denotes Thus, other studies’ results alongside our results will provide valuable information for the future generation of novel chimeric or multivalent vaccines.
T209 31532-31555 Sentence denotes Supplementary Materials
T210 31556-31592 Sentence denotes Click here for additional data file.
T211 31593-31684 Sentence denotes The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/1/41/s1, Figure S1:
T212 31685-31755 Sentence denotes Schematic diagram of cloning strategy to generate recombinant viruses.
T213 31757-31777 Sentence denotes Author Contributions
T214 31778-32028 Sentence denotes C.-F.K.: investigation, methodology, data curation, writing—original draft preparation, formal analysis; H.-W.C.: project administration, conceptualization, methodology, resources, supervision, writing—review and editing, and approved the manuscript.
T215 32029-32105 Sentence denotes All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
T216 32107-32114 Sentence denotes Funding
T217 32115-32237 Sentence denotes This research was funded and supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C. (106-2311-B-002-028-MY3).
T218 32239-32260 Sentence denotes Conflicts of Interest
T219 32261-32305 Sentence denotes The authors declare no conflict of interest.
T220 32307-32612 Sentence denotes Figure 1 In vitro characterization of the recombinant iPEDVPT-P5, iPEDVPT-P5-96S, iPEDVPT-P96-5S and iPEDVPT-P96 viruses. (A) Representative immunofluorescence micrographs of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) syncytia in Vero cells stained with anti-PEDV spike antibody at 18 h post-infection (HPI).
T221 32613-32725 Sentence denotes Note the recombinant viruses carrying spike gene derived from the attenuated iPEDVPT-P96 showed larger syncytia.
T222 32726-32886 Sentence denotes Scale Bar = 50 μm. (B) The number of nuclei per syncytium was quantified and assessed statistically using Kruskal–Wallis test after immunofluorescence staining.
T223 32887-33095 Sentence denotes Statistical differences (p < 0.05) among groups were indicated by different letters. (C) Growth kinetics of recombinant viruses in Vero cells after infection at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1 and 0.001.
T224 33096-33321 Sentence denotes Supernatant were collected at indicated time points and the titers were quantified in Vero cells by standard 50% tissue-culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay. (D) Plaque morphologies in Vero cells of the recombinant viruses.
T225 33322-33391 Sentence denotes The plates were stained with 1% crystal violet solution after 72 HPI.
T226 33392-33624 Sentence denotes Note that comparing to the iPEDVPT-P96 and iPEDVPT-P5-96S, the plaques produced by iPEDVPT-P5 virus and iPEDVPT-P96-5S were barely visible macroscopically. iP5: iPEDVPT-P5; 96S: iPEDVPT-P5-96S; 5S, iPEDVPT-P96-5S; iP96, iPEDVPT-P96.
T227 33625-33935 Sentence denotes Figure 2 In vivo characterization of the recombinant iPEDVPT-P5, iPEDVPT-P5-96S, iPEDVPT-P96-5S and iPEDVPT-P96 viruses in conventional seven-day-old piglets. (A) Mean value of RNA copies in feces in conventional seven-day-old piglets after inoculation with recombinant viruses or PI-medium through the study.
T228 33936-34028 Sentence denotes The dash line indicated the detection limit of the real-time PCR (log4.8 RNA copies per mL).
T229 34029-34206 Sentence denotes Error bars represented standard deviation. (B) Mean value of fecal consistency graded daily in piglets after inoculation with recombinant viruses or PI-medium through the study.
T230 34207-34427 Sentence denotes Error bars represented standard deviation. (C) Survival curve of piglets after inoculation with recombinant viruses or PI-medium through the study. (D) Mean value of average daily weight gain in different treated groups.
T231 34428-34524 Sentence denotes Calculation of average daily weight gain was only performed on piglets that were not euthanized.
T232 34525-34567 Sentence denotes Below is the formula used for calculation:
T233 34568-34599 Sentence denotes Weight gained surviving period.
T234 34600-34642 Sentence denotes Error bars represented standard deviation.
T235 34643-34736 Sentence denotes Mock: PI-medium; iP5: iPEDVPT-P5; 96S: iPEDVPT-P5-96S; 5S, iPEDVPT-P96-5S; iP96, iPEDVPT-P96.
T236 34737-35028 Sentence denotes Figure 3 Histopathological evaluation and morphometric analysis. (A) Representative micrographs (magnification, × 40) demonstrating variable degrees of villous atrophy at duodenum, jejunum and ileum from piglets inoculated with different recombinant viruses or post-inoculation (PI)-medium.
T237 35029-35344 Sentence denotes Tissues were collected at 3 d post-inoculation and processed routinely for slide preparation for hematoxylin and eosin staining. (B–D) Villous height to crypt depth (VH:CD) ratios in the duodenum (B), jejunum (C), and ileum (D) for piglets at 3 DPI after inoculation with different recombinant viruses or PI-medium.
T238 35345-35493 Sentence denotes Ten villi of each intestinal segment were examined in each piglet and each symbol represented the mean value of VH:CD ratio in an individual piglet.
T239 35494-35600 Sentence denotes Statistical differences (p < 0.05) among virus-treated groups were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test.
T240 35601-35664 Sentence denotes Different letters indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05).
T241 35665-35758 Sentence denotes Mock: PI-medium; iP5: iPEDVPT-P5; 96S: iPEDVPT-P5-96S; 5S, iPEDVPT-P96-5S; iP96, iPEDVPT-P96.
T242 35759-35934 Sentence denotes Figure 4 Immunohistochemical staining of PEDV nucleocapsid (N) at jejunum of piglets inoculated with different recombinant viruses or PI-medium at 3 d post-inoculation (DPI).
T243 35935-35993 Sentence denotes The representative micrographs were taken and shown above.
T244 35994-36012 Sentence denotes Scale Bar = 50 μm.
T245 36013-36141 Sentence denotes Table 1 Nucleotide and amino acid differences of spike gene between the virulent iPEDVPT-P5 and attenuated iPEDVPT-P96 Viruses.
T246 36142-36188 Sentence denotes Position in Spike Gene Nucleotide Amino Acid
T247 36189-36269 Sentence denotes Nucleotide Amino Acid Domain iPEDVPT-P5 iPEDVPT-P96 iPEDVPT-P5 iPEDVPT-P96
T248 36270-36295 Sentence denotes 431 144 S10 C T T I
T249 36296-36322 Sentence denotes 1661 554 S1B T C F S
T250 36323-36348 Sentence denotes 2659 887 S2 A C S R
T251 36349-36374 Sentence denotes 2902 968 S2 T G S A
T252 36375-36407 Sentence denotes 3062 1021 S2 HR1 † T G I S
T253 36408-36440 Sentence denotes 3077 1026 S2 HR1 † A G K R
T254 36441-36467 Sentence denotes 3755 1252 S2 T G L R
T255 36468-36499 Sentence denotes 4061 1354 S2 CT ‡ G T C F
T256 36500-36531 Sentence denotes 4073 1358 S2 CT ‡ G T C F
T257 36532-36563 Sentence denotes 4134 1378 S2 CT ‡ A T E D
T258 36564-36611 Sentence denotes † HR1: heptad repeat 1; ‡ CT: cytoplasmic tail.
T259 36612-36715 Sentence denotes Table 2 Summary of clinical observations used for evaluating the pathogenicity of recombinant viruses.
T260 36716-36868 Sentence denotes Group Mortality Rate (%) Peak Viral Shedding (DPI) Peak Viral Shedding (log10 copies/mL) Onset of Diarrhea (DPI) † Mean Average Daily Weight Gain ‡
T261 36869-36936 Sentence denotes iPEDVPT-P5 87.5 (7/8) 1 10.06 ± 1.14 1.00 ± 0.0 −0.116 ± 0.135
T262 36937-37008 Sentence denotes iPEDVPT-P5-96S 80.0 (4/5) 7 9.15 ± 0/91 3.83 ± 1.47 −0.033 ± 0.062
T263 37009-37079 Sentence denotes iPEDVPT-P96-5S 83.4 (5/6) 1 8.20 ± 1.70 1.00 ± 0.0 −0.035 ± 0.049
T264 37080-37149 Sentence denotes iPEDVPT-P96 40.0 (2/5) 10 9.74 ± 0.74 2.38 ± 1.51 −0.016 ± 0.055
T265 37150-37192 Sentence denotes Mock 0.0 (4/4) ND ND ND 0.051 ± 0.016
T266 37193-37534 Sentence denotes † Onset of diarrhea was defined as day post-inoculation when loose stools scored as two or above were recorded. ‡ Average daily weight gain (AVG) was calculated by dividing weight gained by survival days; mean value was calculated as dividing the sum of AVG by the number of piglets in the indicated groups that were not humanely euthanized.

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 121-129 Phenotype denotes Diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T2 213-221 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T3 1004-1012 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T4 1236-1244 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T5 1680-1688 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T6 1853-1861 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T7 1938-1946 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T8 1948-1959 Phenotype denotes dehydration http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001944
T9 1964-1975 Phenotype denotes poor growth http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001510
T10 13578-13589 Phenotype denotes weight gain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004324
T11 13781-13792 Phenotype denotes weight gain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004324
T12 13905-13918 Phenotype denotes Weight gained http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004324
T13 21399-21407 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T14 21707-21715 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T15 21717-21725 Phenotype denotes anorexia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002039
T16 22583-22598 Phenotype denotes villous atrophy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011473
T17 22769-22784 Phenotype denotes villous atrophy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011473
T18 23075-23086 Phenotype denotes weight gain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004324
T19 23751-23759 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T20 24028-24036 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T21 25332-25340 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T22 29835-29843 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T23 29856-29871 Phenotype denotes villous atrophy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011473
T24 32500-32508 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T25 34387-34398 Phenotype denotes weight gain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004324
T26 34457-34468 Phenotype denotes weight gain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004324
T27 34568-34581 Phenotype denotes Weight gained http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004324
T28 34890-34905 Phenotype denotes villous atrophy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011473
T29 36818-36826 Phenotype denotes Diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T30 36855-36866 Phenotype denotes Weight Gain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004324
T31 37204-37212 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T32 37321-37332 Phenotype denotes weight gain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004324
T33 37366-37379 Phenotype denotes weight gained http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004324

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
31905842-83132-144353208 2009-2010 83132 denotes 1
31905842-26689811-144353209 2011-2012 26689811 denotes 2
31905842-83132-144353210 2208-2209 83132 denotes 1
31905842-22840964-144353211 2481-2482 22840964 denotes 3
31905842-25903998-144353212 2483-2484 25903998 denotes 4
31905842-26641031-144353213 2744-2745 26641031 denotes 5
31905842-26689811-144353214 2808-2809 26689811 denotes 2
31905842-8209771-144353215 3599-3600 8209771 denotes 7
31905842-27578435-144353216 3772-3773 27578435 denotes 8
31905842-21697468-144353217 3774-3775 21697468 denotes 9
31905842-22709821-144353218 3776-3778 22709821 denotes 10
31905842-12885899-144353219 3918-3920 12885899 denotes 11
31905842-27578435-144353220 4369-4370 27578435 denotes 8
31905842-31689903-144353221 4477-4479 31689903 denotes 12
31905842-27545066-144353222 4651-4653 27545066 denotes 13
31905842-27964998-144353223 4654-4656 27964998 denotes 14
31905842-24967693-144353224 4907-4909 24967693 denotes 15
31905842-31689903-144353225 5308-5310 31689903 denotes 12
31905842-30792462-144353226 9910-9912 30792462 denotes 20
31905842-30089548-144353227 15372-15374 30089548 denotes 22
31905842-28490591-144353228 18310-18312 28490591 denotes 23
31905842-31689903-144353229 23885-23887 31689903 denotes 12
31905842-27545066-144353230 23888-23890 27545066 denotes 13
31905842-29569144-144353231 24007-24009 29569144 denotes 24
31905842-29618817-144353232 24070-24072 29618817 denotes 25
31905842-30654269-144353233 24195-24197 30654269 denotes 26
31905842-31689903-144353234 24672-24674 31689903 denotes 12
31905842-28490591-144353235 24807-24809 28490591 denotes 23
31905842-31689903-144353236 29346-29348 31689903 denotes 12
31905842-28284624-144353237 29349-29351 28284624 denotes 29
31905842-28381581-144353238 30523-30525 28381581 denotes 31
31905842-28490591-144353239 30549-30551 28490591 denotes 23