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LitCovid-PMC-OGER-BB

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":2198,"end":2204},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":2317,"end":2321},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":2353,"end":2357},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":5227,"end":5231},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":5236,"end":5241},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":7340,"end":7345},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A5","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma64183"},{"id":"A6","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma256135"},{"id":"A7","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma256135"},{"id":"A8","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9664"},{"id":"A9","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma49184"},{"id":"A10","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670"}],"text":"Potential risks from frequent human–animal interactions\nMost participants reported contact with domestic animals in their daily routine of animal raising, slaughtering and meat preparation for consumption, including cats, dogs, poultry, pigs, cattle and goats. The migrant work of some participants limited the amount of time individuals had for household level animal husbandry, leading to reduced household animal raising. However, many participants kept dogs or cats for companionship, home protection or preventing rat infestations. Poultry, pigs and cattle were commonly raised for meat consumption and the animal waste was further used as crop fertilizer. Few participants took protective measures when handling or slaughtering domestic animals, or sought medical treatment from a nearby clinic after getting bitten or scratched. Vaccinating domestic animals was not widely implemented among study participants. Sick and dead animals were usually buried, but some participants discussed consuming sick animals or feeding the carcasses to other domestic animals.\nOn the whole, many participants reported that wild animal hunting, trading or consumption activities have decreased in recent years; however, local communities were still reporting hunting or consumption of some wild animals (e.g. rodents, bats, civets, frogs, snakes and birds) for recreation or additional income. Some participants indicated a preference for wild over domestic animals for consumption; many also held a belief in the purported curative power of wild animals or their by-products. Most participants were fully informed about rabies and the link to dog bites, as well as the postexposure treatment; however, few were aware of other zoonotic diseases and their origin in animals (Box 1).\nBox 2 Illustrative quotes: concerns about the community environment\n– Interviewer: ‘Do they wash hands with soap?’ Interviewee: ‘No. The places to kill chickens and ducks are usually dirty and smelly, especially during the summer’ (male chef at a local restaurant, 24-y-old, Guangdong).\n– Interviewer: ‘Are there toilets in your house?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, but they are all squat-style toilets which we need to transfer the faeces out of the house’ (male handyman, 51-y-old, Yunnan).\n– ‘Once a person died, his or her children will clean the body, put on the cloth, and put the body into a coffin to stay at home. Then they inform relatives and friends to have a meeting to select a date for the burial, when there will be cemetery ritual activities and dinner. When my father-in law and mother-in law died, their bodies stay at home for 3 days’ (female peasant farmer, 43-y-old, Yunnan).\n– ‘There is a cave behind our house, there are always some people going inside the cave and catching bats for food’ (female peasant farmer, 60-y-old, Guangxi).\n– ‘We almost see deer every winter when its snowing around this village, so our dogs pursued deer’ (male staff member of local nature reserve, 45-y-old, Guangxi).\n– Interviewer: ‘What kind of animals live in this area?’ Interviewee: ‘Weasels. People often see weasels stealing chicken from their houses’ (male staff member at local forestry department, 40-y-old, Guangdong).\n– Interviewer: ‘When you see rats or dead rats, would you call the infection sanitary department for help?’ Interviewee: ‘There are too many rats in the village, we only call the infection sanitary department for help when someone is infected’ (male worker at a local restaurant, 23-y-old, Yunnan).\n– Interviewer: ‘How do you deal with the wastes, like the organs you do not eat from the chicken?’ Interviewee: ‘Throw them away.’ Interviewer: ‘Where do you throw? A certain place?’ Interviewee: ‘Anywhere is OK like at the roadside’ (female owner of a local grocery store, 54-y-old, Yunnan).\n– Interviewer: ‘Do people worry about the well water quality?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, so many people are buying water for drinking, but I am old, I do not care, and I feel the well water is better, sweet, and I drink well water’ (male peasant farmer, 80-y-old, Guangxi).\nBox 3 Illustrative quotes: policy/regulation level risk and protective factors\nHealthcare Interviewer: ‘Is the town's hospital far away from you home?’ Interviewee: ‘About 100 meters.’ Interviewer: ‘How much do you pay one time?’ Interviewee: ‘30 yuan for normal diseases.’ Interviewer: ‘Do you have any subsidies?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, we have medical insurance’ (female cook at a local restaurant, 46-y-old, Yunnan).\nInterviewer: ‘How much you can get reimbursed for your treatment expense?’ Interviewee: ‘75% of the expenses’ (male peasant farmer, 36-y-old, Yunnan).\nNational immunization programme Interviewer: ‘Does your child get vaccine regularly?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, some people will inform us.’ Interviewer: ‘Free charge of vaccine?’ Interviewee: ‘Almost free, only pay very small amount of injection fee’ (male peasant farmer, 36-y-old, Yunnan).\nGun control policy ‘There were many hunters, distributed in almost every village, but after the government announced it was illegal to have guns, there are no hunter anymore, but a few people still hunt secretly’ (male staff member of local nature reserve, 30-y-old, Guangxi).\nAnimal health ‘Vaccine for foot and mouth disease cost 1 RMB per shot, vaccine of sheep pox cost 2 RMB per shot’ (female peasant farmer, 27-y-old, Yunnan).\nInterviewer: ‘Did you give them vaccine?’ Interviewee: ‘No, of course not in this rural area, the epidemic prevention station staff go to villages to distribute vaccines, but here is not included in the village, that's why I did not get it’ (male peasant farmer, 40-y-old, Guangdong).\n‘If these animals are sick, there is a vet in the villages. Averagely, there will be a good vet among 3 or 5 villages’ (male wildlife researcher, 47-y-old, Yunnan).\nDisease prevention Interviewer: ‘Does Yunnan CDC have systems to report the sudden death cases?’ Interviewee: ‘No, but we will investigate for young people's sudden death’ (male staff member of local CDC, 42-y-old, Yunnan).\nInterviewer: ‘How to control mouse at home?’ Interviewee: ‘The village committee give out rat poison each year and I also buy sticky rat board’ (female peasant farmer, 43-y-old, Yunnan).\nRabies prevention Interviewer: ‘Are there many people who got sick after being bitten by dogs?’ Interviewee: ‘Not so many, since 2011, our state has monitored and treated more than 100 people. Treating regularly, they are never sick. But some people refused injection, as a result, they were dead.’ Interviewer: ‘Are there some policies that domestic dogs must be vaccinated?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, but it's hard to implement’ (male staff member of local CDC, 42-y-old, Yunnan).\nWildlife hunting and trading ‘You know, catch, sell or eat wild animals is illegal. Government will punish you’ (female peasant farmer, 40-y-old, Guangxi).\nInterviewer: ‘Who is the main department to educate the public about animal conservation?’ Interviewee: ‘Mainly relies on the forest department and nature reserve. We go to village in a specific month every year to educate local people’ (male staff member of local nature reserve, 30-y-old, Guangxi).\n‘They do not collect samples for transportation licence of farmed animals; for Inspection and quarantine certificate, they will sampling everything, including water, feeding stuff, oral, blood and rectal of animals regularly’ (male bamboo rat farmer, 56-y-old, Guangxi).\nHuman animal conflict Interviewer: ‘Is there governmental compensation system if animals damage crops?’ Interviewee: ‘No, our winner bamboo shoots are eaten by wild boars. Nothing will be left once they come, and they run so fast. But there is no compensation, they sometimes run to the orchard to eat oranges and damage many trees. Even purple yams my mum planted are eaten’ (male peasant farmer, 50-y-old, Guangdong)."}

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":645,"end":649},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1031,"end":1040},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1871,"end":1876},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":2198,"end":2204},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":3561,"end":3567},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":5227,"end":5231},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":5236,"end":5241},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":7340,"end":7345},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A7","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007356"},{"id":"A8","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0008979"},{"id":"A9","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398"},{"id":"A10","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001988"},{"id":"A11","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062"},{"id":"A12","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T12","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002387"},{"id":"A13","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000165"},{"id":"A14","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"}],"text":"Potential risks from frequent human–animal interactions\nMost participants reported contact with domestic animals in their daily routine of animal raising, slaughtering and meat preparation for consumption, including cats, dogs, poultry, pigs, cattle and goats. The migrant work of some participants limited the amount of time individuals had for household level animal husbandry, leading to reduced household animal raising. However, many participants kept dogs or cats for companionship, home protection or preventing rat infestations. Poultry, pigs and cattle were commonly raised for meat consumption and the animal waste was further used as crop fertilizer. Few participants took protective measures when handling or slaughtering domestic animals, or sought medical treatment from a nearby clinic after getting bitten or scratched. Vaccinating domestic animals was not widely implemented among study participants. Sick and dead animals were usually buried, but some participants discussed consuming sick animals or feeding the carcasses to other domestic animals.\nOn the whole, many participants reported that wild animal hunting, trading or consumption activities have decreased in recent years; however, local communities were still reporting hunting or consumption of some wild animals (e.g. rodents, bats, civets, frogs, snakes and birds) for recreation or additional income. Some participants indicated a preference for wild over domestic animals for consumption; many also held a belief in the purported curative power of wild animals or their by-products. Most participants were fully informed about rabies and the link to dog bites, as well as the postexposure treatment; however, few were aware of other zoonotic diseases and their origin in animals (Box 1).\nBox 2 Illustrative quotes: concerns about the community environment\n– Interviewer: ‘Do they wash hands with soap?’ Interviewee: ‘No. The places to kill chickens and ducks are usually dirty and smelly, especially during the summer’ (male chef at a local restaurant, 24-y-old, Guangdong).\n– Interviewer: ‘Are there toilets in your house?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, but they are all squat-style toilets which we need to transfer the faeces out of the house’ (male handyman, 51-y-old, Yunnan).\n– ‘Once a person died, his or her children will clean the body, put on the cloth, and put the body into a coffin to stay at home. Then they inform relatives and friends to have a meeting to select a date for the burial, when there will be cemetery ritual activities and dinner. When my father-in law and mother-in law died, their bodies stay at home for 3 days’ (female peasant farmer, 43-y-old, Yunnan).\n– ‘There is a cave behind our house, there are always some people going inside the cave and catching bats for food’ (female peasant farmer, 60-y-old, Guangxi).\n– ‘We almost see deer every winter when its snowing around this village, so our dogs pursued deer’ (male staff member of local nature reserve, 45-y-old, Guangxi).\n– Interviewer: ‘What kind of animals live in this area?’ Interviewee: ‘Weasels. People often see weasels stealing chicken from their houses’ (male staff member at local forestry department, 40-y-old, Guangdong).\n– Interviewer: ‘When you see rats or dead rats, would you call the infection sanitary department for help?’ Interviewee: ‘There are too many rats in the village, we only call the infection sanitary department for help when someone is infected’ (male worker at a local restaurant, 23-y-old, Yunnan).\n– Interviewer: ‘How do you deal with the wastes, like the organs you do not eat from the chicken?’ Interviewee: ‘Throw them away.’ Interviewer: ‘Where do you throw? A certain place?’ Interviewee: ‘Anywhere is OK like at the roadside’ (female owner of a local grocery store, 54-y-old, Yunnan).\n– Interviewer: ‘Do people worry about the well water quality?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, so many people are buying water for drinking, but I am old, I do not care, and I feel the well water is better, sweet, and I drink well water’ (male peasant farmer, 80-y-old, Guangxi).\nBox 3 Illustrative quotes: policy/regulation level risk and protective factors\nHealthcare Interviewer: ‘Is the town's hospital far away from you home?’ Interviewee: ‘About 100 meters.’ Interviewer: ‘How much do you pay one time?’ Interviewee: ‘30 yuan for normal diseases.’ Interviewer: ‘Do you have any subsidies?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, we have medical insurance’ (female cook at a local restaurant, 46-y-old, Yunnan).\nInterviewer: ‘How much you can get reimbursed for your treatment expense?’ Interviewee: ‘75% of the expenses’ (male peasant farmer, 36-y-old, Yunnan).\nNational immunization programme Interviewer: ‘Does your child get vaccine regularly?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, some people will inform us.’ Interviewer: ‘Free charge of vaccine?’ Interviewee: ‘Almost free, only pay very small amount of injection fee’ (male peasant farmer, 36-y-old, Yunnan).\nGun control policy ‘There were many hunters, distributed in almost every village, but after the government announced it was illegal to have guns, there are no hunter anymore, but a few people still hunt secretly’ (male staff member of local nature reserve, 30-y-old, Guangxi).\nAnimal health ‘Vaccine for foot and mouth disease cost 1 RMB per shot, vaccine of sheep pox cost 2 RMB per shot’ (female peasant farmer, 27-y-old, Yunnan).\nInterviewer: ‘Did you give them vaccine?’ Interviewee: ‘No, of course not in this rural area, the epidemic prevention station staff go to villages to distribute vaccines, but here is not included in the village, that's why I did not get it’ (male peasant farmer, 40-y-old, Guangdong).\n‘If these animals are sick, there is a vet in the villages. Averagely, there will be a good vet among 3 or 5 villages’ (male wildlife researcher, 47-y-old, Yunnan).\nDisease prevention Interviewer: ‘Does Yunnan CDC have systems to report the sudden death cases?’ Interviewee: ‘No, but we will investigate for young people's sudden death’ (male staff member of local CDC, 42-y-old, Yunnan).\nInterviewer: ‘How to control mouse at home?’ Interviewee: ‘The village committee give out rat poison each year and I also buy sticky rat board’ (female peasant farmer, 43-y-old, Yunnan).\nRabies prevention Interviewer: ‘Are there many people who got sick after being bitten by dogs?’ Interviewee: ‘Not so many, since 2011, our state has monitored and treated more than 100 people. Treating regularly, they are never sick. But some people refused injection, as a result, they were dead.’ Interviewer: ‘Are there some policies that domestic dogs must be vaccinated?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, but it's hard to implement’ (male staff member of local CDC, 42-y-old, Yunnan).\nWildlife hunting and trading ‘You know, catch, sell or eat wild animals is illegal. Government will punish you’ (female peasant farmer, 40-y-old, Guangxi).\nInterviewer: ‘Who is the main department to educate the public about animal conservation?’ Interviewee: ‘Mainly relies on the forest department and nature reserve. We go to village in a specific month every year to educate local people’ (male staff member of local nature reserve, 30-y-old, Guangxi).\n‘They do not collect samples for transportation licence of farmed animals; for Inspection and quarantine certificate, they will sampling everything, including water, feeding stuff, oral, blood and rectal of animals regularly’ (male bamboo rat farmer, 56-y-old, Guangxi).\nHuman animal conflict Interviewer: ‘Is there governmental compensation system if animals damage crops?’ Interviewee: ‘No, our winner bamboo shoots are eaten by wild boars. Nothing will be left once they come, and they run so fast. But there is no compensation, they sometimes run to the orchard to eat oranges and damage many trees. Even purple yams my mum planted are eaten’ (male peasant farmer, 50-y-old, Guangdong)."}

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":523,"end":535},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":1611,"end":1617},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":1717,"end":1734},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":3270,"end":3279},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":3382,"end":3391},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":5227,"end":5249},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":5236,"end":5249},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":5282,"end":5291},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":6218,"end":6224},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A25","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T25","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005135"},{"id":"A26","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T26","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019173"},{"id":"A27","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T27","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481"},{"id":"A28","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T28","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A29","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T29","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A30","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T30","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005765"},{"id":"A31","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T31","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006858"},{"id":"A32","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T32","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005717"},{"id":"A33","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T33","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019173"}],"text":"Potential risks from frequent human–animal interactions\nMost participants reported contact with domestic animals in their daily routine of animal raising, slaughtering and meat preparation for consumption, including cats, dogs, poultry, pigs, cattle and goats. The migrant work of some participants limited the amount of time individuals had for household level animal husbandry, leading to reduced household animal raising. However, many participants kept dogs or cats for companionship, home protection or preventing rat infestations. Poultry, pigs and cattle were commonly raised for meat consumption and the animal waste was further used as crop fertilizer. Few participants took protective measures when handling or slaughtering domestic animals, or sought medical treatment from a nearby clinic after getting bitten or scratched. Vaccinating domestic animals was not widely implemented among study participants. Sick and dead animals were usually buried, but some participants discussed consuming sick animals or feeding the carcasses to other domestic animals.\nOn the whole, many participants reported that wild animal hunting, trading or consumption activities have decreased in recent years; however, local communities were still reporting hunting or consumption of some wild animals (e.g. rodents, bats, civets, frogs, snakes and birds) for recreation or additional income. Some participants indicated a preference for wild over domestic animals for consumption; many also held a belief in the purported curative power of wild animals or their by-products. Most participants were fully informed about rabies and the link to dog bites, as well as the postexposure treatment; however, few were aware of other zoonotic diseases and their origin in animals (Box 1).\nBox 2 Illustrative quotes: concerns about the community environment\n– Interviewer: ‘Do they wash hands with soap?’ Interviewee: ‘No. The places to kill chickens and ducks are usually dirty and smelly, especially during the summer’ (male chef at a local restaurant, 24-y-old, Guangdong).\n– Interviewer: ‘Are there toilets in your house?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, but they are all squat-style toilets which we need to transfer the faeces out of the house’ (male handyman, 51-y-old, Yunnan).\n– ‘Once a person died, his or her children will clean the body, put on the cloth, and put the body into a coffin to stay at home. Then they inform relatives and friends to have a meeting to select a date for the burial, when there will be cemetery ritual activities and dinner. When my father-in law and mother-in law died, their bodies stay at home for 3 days’ (female peasant farmer, 43-y-old, Yunnan).\n– ‘There is a cave behind our house, there are always some people going inside the cave and catching bats for food’ (female peasant farmer, 60-y-old, Guangxi).\n– ‘We almost see deer every winter when its snowing around this village, so our dogs pursued deer’ (male staff member of local nature reserve, 45-y-old, Guangxi).\n– Interviewer: ‘What kind of animals live in this area?’ Interviewee: ‘Weasels. People often see weasels stealing chicken from their houses’ (male staff member at local forestry department, 40-y-old, Guangdong).\n– Interviewer: ‘When you see rats or dead rats, would you call the infection sanitary department for help?’ Interviewee: ‘There are too many rats in the village, we only call the infection sanitary department for help when someone is infected’ (male worker at a local restaurant, 23-y-old, Yunnan).\n– Interviewer: ‘How do you deal with the wastes, like the organs you do not eat from the chicken?’ Interviewee: ‘Throw them away.’ Interviewer: ‘Where do you throw? A certain place?’ Interviewee: ‘Anywhere is OK like at the roadside’ (female owner of a local grocery store, 54-y-old, Yunnan).\n– Interviewer: ‘Do people worry about the well water quality?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, so many people are buying water for drinking, but I am old, I do not care, and I feel the well water is better, sweet, and I drink well water’ (male peasant farmer, 80-y-old, Guangxi).\nBox 3 Illustrative quotes: policy/regulation level risk and protective factors\nHealthcare Interviewer: ‘Is the town's hospital far away from you home?’ Interviewee: ‘About 100 meters.’ Interviewer: ‘How much do you pay one time?’ Interviewee: ‘30 yuan for normal diseases.’ Interviewer: ‘Do you have any subsidies?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, we have medical insurance’ (female cook at a local restaurant, 46-y-old, Yunnan).\nInterviewer: ‘How much you can get reimbursed for your treatment expense?’ Interviewee: ‘75% of the expenses’ (male peasant farmer, 36-y-old, Yunnan).\nNational immunization programme Interviewer: ‘Does your child get vaccine regularly?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, some people will inform us.’ Interviewer: ‘Free charge of vaccine?’ Interviewee: ‘Almost free, only pay very small amount of injection fee’ (male peasant farmer, 36-y-old, Yunnan).\nGun control policy ‘There were many hunters, distributed in almost every village, but after the government announced it was illegal to have guns, there are no hunter anymore, but a few people still hunt secretly’ (male staff member of local nature reserve, 30-y-old, Guangxi).\nAnimal health ‘Vaccine for foot and mouth disease cost 1 RMB per shot, vaccine of sheep pox cost 2 RMB per shot’ (female peasant farmer, 27-y-old, Yunnan).\nInterviewer: ‘Did you give them vaccine?’ Interviewee: ‘No, of course not in this rural area, the epidemic prevention station staff go to villages to distribute vaccines, but here is not included in the village, that's why I did not get it’ (male peasant farmer, 40-y-old, Guangdong).\n‘If these animals are sick, there is a vet in the villages. Averagely, there will be a good vet among 3 or 5 villages’ (male wildlife researcher, 47-y-old, Yunnan).\nDisease prevention Interviewer: ‘Does Yunnan CDC have systems to report the sudden death cases?’ Interviewee: ‘No, but we will investigate for young people's sudden death’ (male staff member of local CDC, 42-y-old, Yunnan).\nInterviewer: ‘How to control mouse at home?’ Interviewee: ‘The village committee give out rat poison each year and I also buy sticky rat board’ (female peasant farmer, 43-y-old, Yunnan).\nRabies prevention Interviewer: ‘Are there many people who got sick after being bitten by dogs?’ Interviewee: ‘Not so many, since 2011, our state has monitored and treated more than 100 people. Treating regularly, they are never sick. But some people refused injection, as a result, they were dead.’ Interviewer: ‘Are there some policies that domestic dogs must be vaccinated?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, but it's hard to implement’ (male staff member of local CDC, 42-y-old, Yunnan).\nWildlife hunting and trading ‘You know, catch, sell or eat wild animals is illegal. Government will punish you’ (female peasant farmer, 40-y-old, Guangxi).\nInterviewer: ‘Who is the main department to educate the public about animal conservation?’ Interviewee: ‘Mainly relies on the forest department and nature reserve. We go to village in a specific month every year to educate local people’ (male staff member of local nature reserve, 30-y-old, Guangxi).\n‘They do not collect samples for transportation licence of farmed animals; for Inspection and quarantine certificate, they will sampling everything, including water, feeding stuff, oral, blood and rectal of animals regularly’ (male bamboo rat farmer, 56-y-old, Guangxi).\nHuman animal conflict Interviewer: ‘Is there governmental compensation system if animals damage crops?’ Interviewee: ‘No, our winner bamboo shoots are eaten by wild boars. Nothing will be left once they come, and they run so fast. But there is no compensation, they sometimes run to the orchard to eat oranges and damage many trees. Even purple yams my mum planted are eaten’ (male peasant farmer, 50-y-old, Guangdong)."}

LitCovid-PD-CLO

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":4099,"end":4109},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007"}],"text":"Potential risks from frequent human–animal interactions\nMost participants reported contact with domestic animals in their daily routine of animal raising, slaughtering and meat preparation for consumption, including cats, dogs, poultry, pigs, cattle and goats. The migrant work of some participants limited the amount of time individuals had for household level animal husbandry, leading to reduced household animal raising. However, many participants kept dogs or cats for companionship, home protection or preventing rat infestations. Poultry, pigs and cattle were commonly raised for meat consumption and the animal waste was further used as crop fertilizer. Few participants took protective measures when handling or slaughtering domestic animals, or sought medical treatment from a nearby clinic after getting bitten or scratched. Vaccinating domestic animals was not widely implemented among study participants. Sick and dead animals were usually buried, but some participants discussed consuming sick animals or feeding the carcasses to other domestic animals.\nOn the whole, many participants reported that wild animal hunting, trading or consumption activities have decreased in recent years; however, local communities were still reporting hunting or consumption of some wild animals (e.g. rodents, bats, civets, frogs, snakes and birds) for recreation or additional income. Some participants indicated a preference for wild over domestic animals for consumption; many also held a belief in the purported curative power of wild animals or their by-products. Most participants were fully informed about rabies and the link to dog bites, as well as the postexposure treatment; however, few were aware of other zoonotic diseases and their origin in animals (Box 1).\nBox 2 Illustrative quotes: concerns about the community environment\n– Interviewer: ‘Do they wash hands with soap?’ Interviewee: ‘No. The places to kill chickens and ducks are usually dirty and smelly, especially during the summer’ (male chef at a local restaurant, 24-y-old, Guangdong).\n– Interviewer: ‘Are there toilets in your house?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, but they are all squat-style toilets which we need to transfer the faeces out of the house’ (male handyman, 51-y-old, Yunnan).\n– ‘Once a person died, his or her children will clean the body, put on the cloth, and put the body into a coffin to stay at home. Then they inform relatives and friends to have a meeting to select a date for the burial, when there will be cemetery ritual activities and dinner. When my father-in law and mother-in law died, their bodies stay at home for 3 days’ (female peasant farmer, 43-y-old, Yunnan).\n– ‘There is a cave behind our house, there are always some people going inside the cave and catching bats for food’ (female peasant farmer, 60-y-old, Guangxi).\n– ‘We almost see deer every winter when its snowing around this village, so our dogs pursued deer’ (male staff member of local nature reserve, 45-y-old, Guangxi).\n– Interviewer: ‘What kind of animals live in this area?’ Interviewee: ‘Weasels. People often see weasels stealing chicken from their houses’ (male staff member at local forestry department, 40-y-old, Guangdong).\n– Interviewer: ‘When you see rats or dead rats, would you call the infection sanitary department for help?’ Interviewee: ‘There are too many rats in the village, we only call the infection sanitary department for help when someone is infected’ (male worker at a local restaurant, 23-y-old, Yunnan).\n– Interviewer: ‘How do you deal with the wastes, like the organs you do not eat from the chicken?’ Interviewee: ‘Throw them away.’ Interviewer: ‘Where do you throw? A certain place?’ Interviewee: ‘Anywhere is OK like at the roadside’ (female owner of a local grocery store, 54-y-old, Yunnan).\n– Interviewer: ‘Do people worry about the well water quality?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, so many people are buying water for drinking, but I am old, I do not care, and I feel the well water is better, sweet, and I drink well water’ (male peasant farmer, 80-y-old, Guangxi).\nBox 3 Illustrative quotes: policy/regulation level risk and protective factors\nHealthcare Interviewer: ‘Is the town's hospital far away from you home?’ Interviewee: ‘About 100 meters.’ Interviewer: ‘How much do you pay one time?’ Interviewee: ‘30 yuan for normal diseases.’ Interviewer: ‘Do you have any subsidies?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, we have medical insurance’ (female cook at a local restaurant, 46-y-old, Yunnan).\nInterviewer: ‘How much you can get reimbursed for your treatment expense?’ Interviewee: ‘75% of the expenses’ (male peasant farmer, 36-y-old, Yunnan).\nNational immunization programme Interviewer: ‘Does your child get vaccine regularly?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, some people will inform us.’ Interviewer: ‘Free charge of vaccine?’ Interviewee: ‘Almost free, only pay very small amount of injection fee’ (male peasant farmer, 36-y-old, Yunnan).\nGun control policy ‘There were many hunters, distributed in almost every village, but after the government announced it was illegal to have guns, there are no hunter anymore, but a few people still hunt secretly’ (male staff member of local nature reserve, 30-y-old, Guangxi).\nAnimal health ‘Vaccine for foot and mouth disease cost 1 RMB per shot, vaccine of sheep pox cost 2 RMB per shot’ (female peasant farmer, 27-y-old, Yunnan).\nInterviewer: ‘Did you give them vaccine?’ Interviewee: ‘No, of course not in this rural area, the epidemic prevention station staff go to villages to distribute vaccines, but here is not included in the village, that's why I did not get it’ (male peasant farmer, 40-y-old, Guangdong).\n‘If these animals are sick, there is a vet in the villages. Averagely, there will be a good vet among 3 or 5 villages’ (male wildlife researcher, 47-y-old, Yunnan).\nDisease prevention Interviewer: ‘Does Yunnan CDC have systems to report the sudden death cases?’ Interviewee: ‘No, but we will investigate for young people's sudden death’ (male staff member of local CDC, 42-y-old, Yunnan).\nInterviewer: ‘How to control mouse at home?’ Interviewee: ‘The village committee give out rat poison each year and I also buy sticky rat board’ (female peasant farmer, 43-y-old, Yunnan).\nRabies prevention Interviewer: ‘Are there many people who got sick after being bitten by dogs?’ Interviewee: ‘Not so many, since 2011, our state has monitored and treated more than 100 people. Treating regularly, they are never sick. But some people refused injection, as a result, they were dead.’ Interviewer: ‘Are there some policies that domestic dogs must be vaccinated?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, but it's hard to implement’ (male staff member of local CDC, 42-y-old, Yunnan).\nWildlife hunting and trading ‘You know, catch, sell or eat wild animals is illegal. Government will punish you’ (female peasant farmer, 40-y-old, Guangxi).\nInterviewer: ‘Who is the main department to educate the public about animal conservation?’ Interviewee: ‘Mainly relies on the forest department and nature reserve. We go to village in a specific month every year to educate local people’ (male staff member of local nature reserve, 30-y-old, Guangxi).\n‘They do not collect samples for transportation licence of farmed animals; for Inspection and quarantine certificate, they will sampling everything, including water, feeding stuff, oral, blood and rectal of animals regularly’ (male bamboo rat farmer, 56-y-old, Guangxi).\nHuman animal conflict Interviewer: ‘Is there governmental compensation system if animals damage crops?’ Interviewee: ‘No, our winner bamboo shoots are eaten by wild boars. Nothing will be left once they come, and they run so fast. But there is no compensation, they sometimes run to the orchard to eat oranges and damage many trees. Even purple yams my mum planted are eaten’ (male peasant farmer, 50-y-old, Guangdong)."}

LitCovid-sentences

LitCovid-PD-HP

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":5883,"end":5895},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":5965,"end":5977},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A2","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001699"},{"id":"A3","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001699"}],"text":"Potential risks from frequent human–animal interactions\nMost participants reported contact with domestic animals in their daily routine of animal raising, slaughtering and meat preparation for consumption, including cats, dogs, poultry, pigs, cattle and goats. The migrant work of some participants limited the amount of time individuals had for household level animal husbandry, leading to reduced household animal raising. However, many participants kept dogs or cats for companionship, home protection or preventing rat infestations. Poultry, pigs and cattle were commonly raised for meat consumption and the animal waste was further used as crop fertilizer. Few participants took protective measures when handling or slaughtering domestic animals, or sought medical treatment from a nearby clinic after getting bitten or scratched. Vaccinating domestic animals was not widely implemented among study participants. Sick and dead animals were usually buried, but some participants discussed consuming sick animals or feeding the carcasses to other domestic animals.\nOn the whole, many participants reported that wild animal hunting, trading or consumption activities have decreased in recent years; however, local communities were still reporting hunting or consumption of some wild animals (e.g. rodents, bats, civets, frogs, snakes and birds) for recreation or additional income. Some participants indicated a preference for wild over domestic animals for consumption; many also held a belief in the purported curative power of wild animals or their by-products. Most participants were fully informed about rabies and the link to dog bites, as well as the postexposure treatment; however, few were aware of other zoonotic diseases and their origin in animals (Box 1).\nBox 2 Illustrative quotes: concerns about the community environment\n– Interviewer: ‘Do they wash hands with soap?’ Interviewee: ‘No. The places to kill chickens and ducks are usually dirty and smelly, especially during the summer’ (male chef at a local restaurant, 24-y-old, Guangdong).\n– Interviewer: ‘Are there toilets in your house?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, but they are all squat-style toilets which we need to transfer the faeces out of the house’ (male handyman, 51-y-old, Yunnan).\n– ‘Once a person died, his or her children will clean the body, put on the cloth, and put the body into a coffin to stay at home. Then they inform relatives and friends to have a meeting to select a date for the burial, when there will be cemetery ritual activities and dinner. When my father-in law and mother-in law died, their bodies stay at home for 3 days’ (female peasant farmer, 43-y-old, Yunnan).\n– ‘There is a cave behind our house, there are always some people going inside the cave and catching bats for food’ (female peasant farmer, 60-y-old, Guangxi).\n– ‘We almost see deer every winter when its snowing around this village, so our dogs pursued deer’ (male staff member of local nature reserve, 45-y-old, Guangxi).\n– Interviewer: ‘What kind of animals live in this area?’ Interviewee: ‘Weasels. People often see weasels stealing chicken from their houses’ (male staff member at local forestry department, 40-y-old, Guangdong).\n– Interviewer: ‘When you see rats or dead rats, would you call the infection sanitary department for help?’ Interviewee: ‘There are too many rats in the village, we only call the infection sanitary department for help when someone is infected’ (male worker at a local restaurant, 23-y-old, Yunnan).\n– Interviewer: ‘How do you deal with the wastes, like the organs you do not eat from the chicken?’ Interviewee: ‘Throw them away.’ Interviewer: ‘Where do you throw? A certain place?’ Interviewee: ‘Anywhere is OK like at the roadside’ (female owner of a local grocery store, 54-y-old, Yunnan).\n– Interviewer: ‘Do people worry about the well water quality?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, so many people are buying water for drinking, but I am old, I do not care, and I feel the well water is better, sweet, and I drink well water’ (male peasant farmer, 80-y-old, Guangxi).\nBox 3 Illustrative quotes: policy/regulation level risk and protective factors\nHealthcare Interviewer: ‘Is the town's hospital far away from you home?’ Interviewee: ‘About 100 meters.’ Interviewer: ‘How much do you pay one time?’ Interviewee: ‘30 yuan for normal diseases.’ Interviewer: ‘Do you have any subsidies?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, we have medical insurance’ (female cook at a local restaurant, 46-y-old, Yunnan).\nInterviewer: ‘How much you can get reimbursed for your treatment expense?’ Interviewee: ‘75% of the expenses’ (male peasant farmer, 36-y-old, Yunnan).\nNational immunization programme Interviewer: ‘Does your child get vaccine regularly?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, some people will inform us.’ Interviewer: ‘Free charge of vaccine?’ Interviewee: ‘Almost free, only pay very small amount of injection fee’ (male peasant farmer, 36-y-old, Yunnan).\nGun control policy ‘There were many hunters, distributed in almost every village, but after the government announced it was illegal to have guns, there are no hunter anymore, but a few people still hunt secretly’ (male staff member of local nature reserve, 30-y-old, Guangxi).\nAnimal health ‘Vaccine for foot and mouth disease cost 1 RMB per shot, vaccine of sheep pox cost 2 RMB per shot’ (female peasant farmer, 27-y-old, Yunnan).\nInterviewer: ‘Did you give them vaccine?’ Interviewee: ‘No, of course not in this rural area, the epidemic prevention station staff go to villages to distribute vaccines, but here is not included in the village, that's why I did not get it’ (male peasant farmer, 40-y-old, Guangdong).\n‘If these animals are sick, there is a vet in the villages. Averagely, there will be a good vet among 3 or 5 villages’ (male wildlife researcher, 47-y-old, Yunnan).\nDisease prevention Interviewer: ‘Does Yunnan CDC have systems to report the sudden death cases?’ Interviewee: ‘No, but we will investigate for young people's sudden death’ (male staff member of local CDC, 42-y-old, Yunnan).\nInterviewer: ‘How to control mouse at home?’ Interviewee: ‘The village committee give out rat poison each year and I also buy sticky rat board’ (female peasant farmer, 43-y-old, Yunnan).\nRabies prevention Interviewer: ‘Are there many people who got sick after being bitten by dogs?’ Interviewee: ‘Not so many, since 2011, our state has monitored and treated more than 100 people. Treating regularly, they are never sick. But some people refused injection, as a result, they were dead.’ Interviewer: ‘Are there some policies that domestic dogs must be vaccinated?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, but it's hard to implement’ (male staff member of local CDC, 42-y-old, Yunnan).\nWildlife hunting and trading ‘You know, catch, sell or eat wild animals is illegal. Government will punish you’ (female peasant farmer, 40-y-old, Guangxi).\nInterviewer: ‘Who is the main department to educate the public about animal conservation?’ Interviewee: ‘Mainly relies on the forest department and nature reserve. We go to village in a specific month every year to educate local people’ (male staff member of local nature reserve, 30-y-old, Guangxi).\n‘They do not collect samples for transportation licence of farmed animals; for Inspection and quarantine certificate, they will sampling everything, including water, feeding stuff, oral, blood and rectal of animals regularly’ (male bamboo rat farmer, 56-y-old, Guangxi).\nHuman animal conflict Interviewer: ‘Is there governmental compensation system if animals damage crops?’ Interviewee: ‘No, our winner bamboo shoots are eaten by wild boars. Nothing will be left once they come, and they run so fast. But there is no compensation, they sometimes run to the orchard to eat oranges and damage many trees. Even purple yams my mum planted are eaten’ (male peasant farmer, 50-y-old, Guangdong)."}

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