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LitCovid-PMC-OGER-BB

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T167 31487-31496 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T166 31527-31530 SP_2 denotes bat
T165 31538-31549 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes coronavirus
T164 31835-31840 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T163 32077-32086 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T141 27939-27945 GO:0007631 denotes eating
T140 28012-28019 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T139 28081-28088 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T138 28107-28115 NCBITaxon:9031 denotes chickens
T137 28117-28121 NCBITaxon:9615 denotes dogs
T136 28131-28136 NCBITaxon:8782 denotes birds
T135 18959-18964 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T134 18965-18971 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T133 19034-19041 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T132 19068-19074 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T131 19122-19133 GO:0007631 denotes consumption
T130 19145-19149 NCBITaxon:9685 denotes cats
T129 19151-19155 NCBITaxon:9615 denotes dogs
T128 19166-19170 NCBITaxon:9821 denotes pigs
T127 19172-19178 NCBITaxon:9913 denotes cattle
T126 19183-19188 NCBITaxon:9925 denotes goats
T125 19255-19266 NCBITaxon:1 denotes individuals
T124 19291-19297 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T123 19338-19344 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T122 19386-19390 NCBITaxon:9615 denotes dogs
T121 19394-19398 NCBITaxon:9685 denotes cats
T120 19448-19451 NCBITaxon:10114 denotes rat
T119 19475-19479 NCBITaxon:10140 denotes pigs
T118 19484-19490 NCBITaxon:9913 denotes cattle
T117 19521-19532 GO:0007631 denotes consumption
T116 19541-19547 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T115 19579-19589 CHEBI:33287;CHEBI:33287 denotes fertilizer
T114 19672-19679 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T113 19786-19793 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T112 19861-19868 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T111 19922-19931 GO:0007631 denotes consuming
T110 19937-19944 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T109 19948-19955 GO:0007631 denotes feeding
T108 19960-19969 UBERON:0008979 denotes carcasses
T107 19988-19995 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T106 20048-20054 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T105 20075-20086 GO:0007631 denotes consumption
T104 20189-20200 GO:0007631 denotes consumption
T103 20214-20221 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T102 20228-20235 NCBITaxon:9989 denotes rodents
T101 20237-20241 SP_2;NCBITaxon:9397 denotes bats
T100 20251-20256 NCBITaxon:8342 denotes frogs
T99 20258-20264 NCBITaxon:8570 denotes snakes
T98 20269-20274 NCBITaxon:8782 denotes birds
T97 20377-20384 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T96 20389-20400 GO:0007631 denotes consumption
T95 20466-20473 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T94 20563-20566 SP_4;NCBITaxon:9615 denotes dog
T93 20684-20691 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T92 12849-12860 NCBITaxon:1 denotes individuals
T91 13229-13234 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T90 13334-13341 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T89 13383-13390 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T88 17500-17504 UBERON:0002107 denotes Live
T87 17505-17513 NCBITaxon:9031 denotes chickens
T86 17515-17520 NCBITaxon:8835 denotes ducks
T85 17576-17582 UBERON:0001988 denotes faeces
T84 17620-17627 NCBITaxon:9031 denotes chicken
T83 17769-17774 UBERON:0000178 denotes blood
T82 17779-17787 UBERON:0000022 denotes feathers
T81 18010-18015 NCBITaxon:8782 denotes birds
T80 18032-18038 NCBITaxon:9913 denotes cattle
T79 18149-18152 SP_4;NCBITaxon:9615 denotes dog
T78 9948-9959 SO:0000673 denotes transcripts
T77 10435-10446 SO:0000673 denotes transcripts
T76 10512-10523 SO:0000673 denotes transcripts
T75 10701-10712 SO:0000673 denotes transcripts
T74 11035-11040 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T73 11059-11064 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T72 11065-11071 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T71 11108-11113 GO:0016265 denotes death
T70 11122-11128 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T69 11350-11361 SO:0000673 denotes transcripts
T68 11699-11709 NCBITaxon:1 denotes individual
T67 11735-11745 GO:0065007 denotes regulation
T66 11843-11854 NCBITaxon:1 denotes individuals
T65 8101-8106 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T64 8148-8153 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T63 8168-8173 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T62 8174-8180 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T61 8233-8238 GO:0016265 denotes death
T60 8564-8573 CHEBI:27780;CHEBI:27780 denotes detergent
T59 8803-8810 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T58 9011-9016 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T57 9017-9023 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T56 9222-9228 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes people
T55 9505-9516 SO:0000673 denotes transcripts
T54 5918-5923 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T53 6290-6296 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes people
T52 6334-6341 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T51 6444-6450 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes people
T50 6684-6695 NCBITaxon:1 denotes individuals
T37 1740-1748 NCBITaxon:species denotes wildlife
T36 1848-1853 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T35 1854-1860 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T34 2102-2109 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T33 2204-2211 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T32 2280-2286 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes humans
T31 2291-2298 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T30 2351-2359 NCBITaxon:species denotes wildlife
T29 2360-2369 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes livestock
T28 2370-2375 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T27 2507-2518 UBERON:0001004 denotes respiratory
T26 2529-2533 SP_10 denotes SARS
T25 2564-2567 SP_2 denotes bat
T24 2575-2586 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes coronavirus
T23 2789-2794 NCBITaxon:8782 denotes avian
T22 2910-2921 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes coronavirus
T21 2923-2932 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T20 3014-3019 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes virus
T19 3034-3045 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes coronavirus
T18 3062-3070 SP_10 denotes SARS-CoV
T17 3075-3078 SP_2 denotes bat
T16 3121-3126 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes virus
T15 3143-3154 SP_2;NCBITaxon:7729 denotes Rhinolophus
T14 3155-3162 NCBITaxon:8296 denotes affinis
T13 3163-3166 SP_2 denotes bat
T12 3220-3229 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T11 3302-3307 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T10 3485-3489 CHEBI:33290;CHEBI:33290 denotes food
T9 3555-3559 SP_10 denotes SARS
T8 3570-3579 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T7 4214-4220 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes humans
T6 4222-4229 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T5 290-296 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T4 799-809 NCBITaxon:1 denotes individual
T3 960-965 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T2 966-972 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T1 1286-1291 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T185 29272-29277 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T184 29278-29284 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T183 29445-29465 GO:0016477 denotes Population migration
T182 29540-29546 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T181 29673-29679 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T180 29918-29923 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T179 29928-29934 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T178 30310-30316 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T177 30420-30424 SP_2;NCBITaxon:9397 denotes bats
T176 30429-30436 NCBITaxon:9989 denotes rodents
T175 30519-30525 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T174 30580-30585 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T173 30950-30956 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes humans
T172 30958-30966 NCBITaxon:species denotes wildlife
T171 31017-31023 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T170 31028-31033 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T169 31344-31349 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T168 31416-31420 SP_2;NCBITaxon:6960 denotes bats
T191 23028-23038 GO:0065007 denotes regulation
T190 13499-13510 NCBITaxon:1 denotes individuals
T189 13557-13562 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T188 13563-13569 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T187 32467-32477 NCBITaxon:1 denotes individual
T186 32699-32706 GO:0065007 denotes control
T162 28373-28384 GO:0007631 denotes consumption
T161 28438-28445 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T160 28589-28596 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T159 29085-29090 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T158 29091-29097 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T157 27109-27117 GO:0007631 denotes consumed
T156 27376-27381 CHEBI:15377;CHEBI:15377 denotes water
T155 27490-27495 CHEBI:15377;CHEBI:15377 denotes water
T154 27516-27523 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T153 27539-27545 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T152 27654-27661 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T151 27668-27672 NCBITaxon:10114 denotes rats
T150 27674-27678 SP_2;NCBITaxon:9397 denotes bats
T149 27683-27688 NCBITaxon:8782 denotes birds
T148 27725-27730 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T147 27766-27770 CHEBI:33290;CHEBI:33290 denotes food
T146 27772-27775 SP_2 denotes bat
T145 27832-27837 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T144 27854-27861 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T143 27868-27872 SP_2;NCBITaxon:10040 denotes bats
T142 27889-27893 NCBITaxon:10040 denotes deer
T49 4872-4875 SP_2 denotes bat
T48 4880-4886 NCBITaxon:9989 denotes rodent
T47 4910-4917 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viruses
T46 4948-4954 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes humans
T45 4974-4979 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T44 5088-5099 NCBITaxon:1 denotes individuals
T43 5181-5188 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T42 5254-5261 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T41 5291-5298 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T40 5338-5341 SP_2 denotes bat
T39 5363-5370 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T38 5387-5391 CHEBI:33290;CHEBI:33290 denotes food

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 14388-14393 Body_part denotes waist http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma228775
T2 14552-14557 Body_part denotes waist http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma228775
T3 17576-17582 Body_part denotes faeces http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma64183
T4 17769-17774 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T5 21127-21133 Body_part denotes faeces http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma64183
T6 21246-21250 Body_part denotes body http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma256135
T7 21282-21286 Body_part denotes body http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma256135
T8 24156-24160 Body_part denotes foot http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9664
T9 24165-24170 Body_part denotes mouth http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma49184
T10 26269-26274 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T11 30639-30643 Body_part denotes face http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 12345-12349 Body_part denotes crop http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007356
T2 12401-12405 Body_part denotes crop http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007356
T3 13163-13168 Body_part denotes scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002542
T4 17576-17582 Body_part denotes faeces http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001988
T5 17769-17774 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T6 18427-18431 Body_part denotes crop http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007356
T7 19574-19578 Body_part denotes crop http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007356
T8 19960-19969 Body_part denotes carcasses http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0008979
T9 20800-20805 Body_part denotes hands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T10 21127-21133 Body_part denotes faeces http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001988
T11 22490-22496 Body_part denotes organs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062
T12 24156-24160 Body_part denotes foot http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002387
T13 24165-24170 Body_part denotes mouth http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000165
T14 26269-26274 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T15 30639-30643 Body_part denotes face http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456

LitCovid_AGAC

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
p3028s32 29631-29640 NegReg denotes reduction

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 173-189 Disease denotes zoonotic disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T2 765-781 Disease denotes zoonotic disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T3 1080-1096 Disease denotes zoonotic disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T4 1517-1525 Disease denotes zoonoses http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T5 1566-1583 Disease denotes zoonotic diseases http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T6 1703-1720 Disease denotes zoonotic diseases http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T7 1903-1920 Disease denotes zoonotic diseases http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T8 2390-2406 Disease denotes zoonotic disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T9 2464-2474 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T10 2494-2527 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T11 2529-2533 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T12 2659-2677 Disease denotes infectious disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T13 2789-2804 Disease denotes avian influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018695
T14 2795-2804 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T15 3062-3070 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T16 3062-3066 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T17 3555-3559 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T18 3620-3636 Disease denotes zoonotic disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T19 3815-3831 Disease denotes zoonotic disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T20 3916-3932 Disease denotes zoonotic disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T21 4632-4642 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T22 8073-8089 Disease denotes zoonotic disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T23 16760-16766 Disease denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004992
T24 17206-17212 Disease denotes Rabies http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019173
T25 19452-19464 Disease denotes infestations http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005135
T26 20540-20546 Disease denotes rabies http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019173
T27 20646-20663 Disease denotes zoonotic diseases http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T28 22199-22208 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T29 22311-22320 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T30 24156-24178 Disease denotes foot and mouth disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005765
T31 24165-24178 Disease denotes mouth disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006858
T32 24211-24220 Disease denotes sheep pox http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005717
T33 25147-25153 Disease denotes Rabies http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019173
T34 27437-27444 Disease denotes anxiety http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005618|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011918
T36 28861-28867 Disease denotes rabies http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019173
T37 28900-28916 Disease denotes zoonotic disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T38 29369-29385 Disease denotes zoonotic disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T39 31632-31648 Disease denotes zoonotic disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T40 31903-31919 Disease denotes zoonotic disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T41 32537-32553 Disease denotes zoonotic disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T42 32682-32698 Disease denotes zoonotic disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T43 34079-34086 Disease denotes Allergy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005271
T44 34091-34101 Disease denotes Infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T2 290-296 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T3 395-396 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T4 660-665 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T5 893-898 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T6 960-965 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T7 966-972 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T8 1286-1291 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T9 1678-1679 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T10 1848-1853 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T11 1854-1860 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T12 2102-2109 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T13 2164-2167 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T14 2204-2211 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T15 2280-2286 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T16 2291-2298 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T17 2349-2350 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T18 2370-2375 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T19 2562-2563 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T20 2564-2567 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T21 2623-2624 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T22 2902-2903 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T23 3014-3019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T24 3023-3024 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T25 3075-3078 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T26 3119-3120 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T27 3121-3126 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T28 3141-3142 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T29 3163-3166 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T30 3302-3307 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T31 3405-3409 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001318 denotes sell
T32 3443-3444 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T33 3490-3493 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T34 3590-3591 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T35 4085-4086 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T36 4144-4149 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T37 4214-4220 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T38 4222-4229 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T39 4751-4761 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T40 4762-4764 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T41 4872-4875 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T42 4910-4917 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T43 4948-4954 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T44 4974-4979 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T45 5146-5148 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T46 5181-5188 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T47 5254-5261 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T48 5291-5298 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T49 5338-5341 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T50 5363-5370 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T51 5415-5416 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T52 5437-5439 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000 denotes 35
T53 5463-5469 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes female
T54 5488-5489 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T55 5674-5675 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T56 5885-5886 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T57 5918-5923 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T58 5985-5995 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000030 denotes objectives
T59 6334-6341 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T60 6370-6372 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T61 6786-6787 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T62 6865-6866 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T63 6923-6928 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T64 7025-7026 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T65 7036-7038 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T66 7055-7056 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T67 7560-7561 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T68 7997-8005 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 denotes focusing
T69 8101-8106 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T70 8148-8153 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T71 8168-8173 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T72 8174-8180 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T73 8434-8435 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T74 8529-8530 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T75 8606-8607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T76 8631-8636 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes Field
T77 8803-8810 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T78 9011-9016 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T79 9017-9023 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T80 9203-9204 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T81 9268-9269 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T82 9497-9504 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000881 denotes digital
T83 10035-10041 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001929 denotes Berlin
T84 10174-10175 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T85 10396-10397 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T86 10412-10413 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T87 11035-11040 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T88 11059-11064 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T89 11065-11071 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T90 11122-11128 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T91 11210-11211 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T92 11371-11372 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T93 11413-11414 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T94 11523-11525 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T95 12107-12111 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes Male
T96 12107-12111 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes Male
T97 12120-12126 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes Female
T98 12132-12134 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302 denotes 34
T99 12143-12145 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T100 12198-12200 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T101 12202-12204 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053794 denotes 41
T102 12232-12234 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T103 12285-12287 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T104 12440-12442 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T105 12453-12459 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T106 12494-12500 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T107 12509-12513 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 1 1
T108 12519-12525 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T109 12534-12538 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 2 2
T110 12554-12558 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 2 2
T111 12584-12586 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T112 12674-12676 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T113 12686-12690 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 1 1
T114 12703-12707 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 1 1
T115 12763-12765 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302 denotes 34
T116 12766-12769 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes Has
T117 12810-12811 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T118 12820-12822 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000 denotes 35
T119 12942-12944 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T120 12979-12981 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T121 13229-13234 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T122 13334-13341 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T123 13383-13390 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T124 13557-13562 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T125 13563-13569 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T126 13582-13584 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050475 denotes My
T127 13612-13619 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T128 13759-13763 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T129 13759-13763 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T130 13774-13775 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T131 13821-13825 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bats
T132 13873-13879 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes female
T133 13947-13949 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050475 denotes my
T134 13979-13981 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050475 denotes my
T135 14017-14020 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T136 14053-14060 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T137 14063-14069 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes female
T138 14080-14081 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T139 14100-14102 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 45
T140 14166-14173 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T141 14213-14220 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T142 14289-14290 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T143 14331-14335 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T144 14331-14335 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T145 14385-14387 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050475 denotes my
T146 14484-14486 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050475 denotes my
T147 14549-14551 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050475 denotes my
T148 14621-14622 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T149 14644-14648 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T150 14644-14648 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T151 14702-14704 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050475 denotes my
T152 14705-14713 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9031 denotes chickens
T153 14773-14777 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T154 14773-14777 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T155 14830-14838 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9031 denotes chickens
T156 14872-14874 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050475 denotes my
T157 14881-14887 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes female
T158 14899-14900 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T159 15029-15035 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes female
T160 15052-15054 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 45
T161 15095-15102 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T162 15140-15146 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes female
T163 15163-15165 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 45
T164 15257-15264 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T165 15317-15324 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T166 15327-15331 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T167 15327-15331 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T168 15337-15343 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T169 15421-15428 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9031 denotes chicken
T170 15478-15484 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes female
T171 15495-15496 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T172 15539-15541 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050475 denotes My
T173 15560-15561 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T174 15639-15644 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T175 15654-15660 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes female
T176 15730-15737 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T177 15750-15755 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T178 15777-15784 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T179 15883-15888 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T180 15931-15937 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes female
T181 16014-16021 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T182 16159-16166 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T183 16385-16389 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T184 16385-16389 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T185 16472-16479 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T186 16491-16498 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T187 16579-16580 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T188 16680-16684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bats
T189 16688-16692 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001318 denotes sell
T190 16743-16747 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bats
T191 16769-16773 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T192 16769-16773 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T193 16855-16859 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bats
T194 16903-16907 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T195 16903-16907 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T196 16989-16993 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bats
T197 17076-17080 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T198 17076-17080 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T199 17173-17179 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T200 17184-17189 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T201 17265-17271 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes female
T202 17337-17338 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T203 17386-17387 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T204 17418-17422 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001318 denotes sell
T205 17505-17513 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9031 denotes chickens
T206 17515-17520 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_8839 denotes ducks
T207 17525-17530 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_8842 denotes geese
T208 17584-17585 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T209 17594-17600 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes female
T210 17618-17619 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T211 17620-17627 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9031 denotes chicken
T212 17769-17774 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T213 17769-17774 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T214 17812-17813 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T215 17898-17900 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050475 denotes my
T216 17910-17911 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T217 18063-18064 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T218 18147-18148 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T219 18329-18334 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes males
T220 18329-18334 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes males
T221 18400-18401 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T222 18466-18468 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T223 18556-18558 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302 denotes 34
T224 18670-18672 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000 denotes 35
T225 18874-18875 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T226 18959-18964 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T227 18965-18971 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T228 19034-19041 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T229 19068-19074 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T230 19183-19188 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9925 denotes goats
T231 19291-19297 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T232 19338-19344 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T233 19541-19547 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T234 19672-19679 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T235 19714-19715 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T236 19786-19793 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T237 19861-19868 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T238 19937-19944 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T239 19988-19995 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T240 20048-20054 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T241 20087-20097 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T242 20214-20221 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T243 20237-20241 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bats
T244 20341-20342 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T245 20377-20384 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T246 20417-20418 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T247 20466-20473 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T248 20684-20691 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T249 20855-20863 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9031 denotes chickens
T250 20868-20873 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_8839 denotes ducks
T251 20935-20939 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T252 20935-20939 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T253 20948-20949 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T254 21153-21157 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T255 21153-21157 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T256 21196-21197 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T257 21292-21293 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T258 21365-21366 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T259 21385-21386 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T260 21443-21453 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T261 21471-21473 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050475 denotes my
T262 21551-21557 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes female
T263 21606-21607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T264 21695-21699 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bats
T265 21711-21717 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes female
T266 21772-21776 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9850 denotes deer
T267 21848-21852 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9850 denotes deer
T268 21855-21859 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T269 21855-21859 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T270 21898-21900 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 45
T271 21948-21955 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T272 22033-22040 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9031 denotes chicken
T273 22061-22065 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T274 22061-22065 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T275 22377-22381 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T276 22377-22381 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T277 22392-22393 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T278 22490-22496 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003103 denotes organs
T279 22521-22528 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9031 denotes chicken
T280 22597-22598 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T281 22641-22643 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008246 denotes OK
T282 22667-22673 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes female
T283 22683-22684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T284 22952-22956 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T285 22952-22956 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T286 23358-23364 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes female
T287 23373-23374 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T288 23523-23527 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T289 23523-23527 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T290 23544-23546 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T291 23810-23814 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T292 23810-23814 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T293 23831-23833 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T294 24030-24031 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T295 24065-24069 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T296 24065-24069 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T297 24128-24134 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes Animal
T298 24165-24170 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000825 denotes mouth
T299 24211-24216 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9940 denotes sheep
T300 24243-24249 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes female
T301 24266-24268 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T302 24527-24531 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T303 24527-24531 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T304 24580-24587 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T305 24607-24608 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T306 24655-24656 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T307 24690-24694 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T308 24690-24694 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T309 24781-24784 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000990 denotes CDC
T310 24909-24913 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T311 24909-24913 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T312 24936-24939 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000990 denotes CDC
T313 24989-24994 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007836 denotes mouse
T314 25105-25111 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes female
T315 25293-25296 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T316 25420-25421 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T317 25573-25577 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T318 25573-25577 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T319 25600-25603 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000990 denotes CDC
T320 25672-25676 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001318 denotes sell
T321 25689-25696 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T322 25738-25744 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes female
T323 25850-25856 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T324 25965-25966 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T325 26019-26023 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T326 26019-26023 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T327 26148-26155 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T328 26269-26274 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T329 26269-26274 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T330 26289-26296 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T331 26309-26313 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T332 26309-26313 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T333 26353-26358 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes Human
T334 26359-26365 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T335 26435-26442 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T336 26704-26706 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050475 denotes my
T337 26731-26735 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T338 26731-26735 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T339 26978-26981 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T340 27372-27375 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000002979 denotes tap
T341 27516-27523 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T342 27539-27545 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T343 27654-27661 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T344 27674-27678 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bats
T345 27725-27730 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T346 27772-27775 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T347 27832-27837 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T348 27854-27861 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T349 27868-27872 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bats
T350 27889-27893 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9850 denotes deer
T351 28012-28019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T352 28081-28088 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T353 28107-28115 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9031 denotes chickens
T354 28314-28317 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T355 28385-28395 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T356 28438-28445 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T357 28483-28484 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T358 28589-28596 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T359 28898-28899 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T360 29085-29090 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T361 29091-29097 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T362 29272-29277 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T363 29278-29284 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T364 29540-29546 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T365 29611-29612 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T366 29644-29654 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T367 29673-29679 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T368 29749-29750 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T369 29918-29923 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T370 29928-29934 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T371 30310-30316 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T372 30420-30424 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bats
T373 30519-30525 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T374 30580-30585 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T375 30603-30605 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000 denotes 35
T376 30639-30643 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes face
T377 30644-30645 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T378 30788-30790 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T379 30950-30956 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T380 31017-31023 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T381 31028-31033 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T382 31295-31296 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T383 31344-31349 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T384 31350-31360 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T385 31416-31420 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bats
T386 31525-31526 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T387 31527-31530 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T388 31724-31729 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 denotes focus
T389 31835-31840 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T390 32046-32047 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T391 32371-32372 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T392 32428-32429 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T393 33688-33690 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0004265 denotes HT
T394 34037-34038 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 3025-3030 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T2 4349-4353 Chemical denotes base http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22695
T3 8564-8573 Chemical denotes detergent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27780
T4 9580-9582 Chemical denotes ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141439
T5 13759-13763 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T6 14331-14335 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T7 14644-14648 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T8 14773-14777 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T9 14974-14984 Chemical denotes fertilizer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33287
T10 15016-15026 Chemical denotes fertilizer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33287
T11 15327-15331 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T12 16323-16328 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T13 16385-16389 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T14 16769-16773 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T15 16903-16907 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T16 17076-17080 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T17 19579-19589 Chemical denotes fertilizer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33287
T18 20935-20939 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T19 21153-21157 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T20 21855-21859 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T21 22061-22065 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T22 22377-22381 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T23 22773-22778 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T24 22834-22839 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T25 22903-22908 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T26 22944-22949 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T27 22952-22956 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T28 23523-23527 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T29 23810-23814 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T30 24065-24069 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T31 24527-24531 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T32 24690-24694 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T33 24909-24913 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T34 25054-25060 Chemical denotes poison http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64909
T35 25573-25577 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T36 26019-26023 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T37 26241-26246 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T38 26309-26313 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T39 26731-26735 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T40 27376-27381 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T41 27490-27495 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T42 29223-29225 Chemical denotes II http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067
T43 33465-33467 Chemical denotes MM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53458|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74707
T45 33625-33627 Chemical denotes LF http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73585
T46 33632-33634 Chemical denotes SM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17076|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74817
T48 33728-33730 Chemical denotes HL http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5729
T49 33819-33821 Chemical denotes PD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74756
T50 34033-34036 Chemical denotes OAA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_132560|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30744

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 1292-1301 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behaviour
T2 1386-1397 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavioural
T3 5424-5433 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes breakdown
T4 11735-11745 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007 denotes regulation
T5 16848-16854 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007631 denotes eating
T6 18043-18049 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007631 denotes eating
T7 23028-23038 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007 denotes regulation
T8 27939-27945 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007631 denotes eating

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-86 Sentence denotes A qualitative study of zoonotic risk factors among rural communities in southern China
T2 88-96 Sentence denotes Abstract
T3 97-105 Sentence denotes Abstract
T4 107-117 Sentence denotes Background
T5 118-309 Sentence denotes Strategies are urgently needed to mitigate the risk of zoonotic disease emergence in southern China, where pathogens with zoonotic potential are known to circulate in wild animal populations.
T6 310-477 Sentence denotes However, the risk factors leading to emergence are poorly understood, which presents a challenge in developing appropriate mitigation strategies for local communities.
T7 479-486 Sentence denotes Methods
T8 487-603 Sentence denotes Residents in rural communities of Yunnan, Guangxi and Guangdong provinces were recruited and enrolled in this study.
T9 604-839 Sentence denotes Data were collected through ethnographic interviews and field observations, and thematically coded and analysed to identify both risk and protective factors for zoonotic disease emergence at the individual, community and policy levels.
T10 841-848 Sentence denotes Results
T11 849-950 Sentence denotes Eighty-eight ethnographic interviews and 55 field observations were conducted at nine selected sites.
T12 951-1107 Sentence denotes Frequent human–animal interactions and low levels of environmental biosecurity in local communities were identified as risks for zoonotic disease emergence.
T13 1108-1211 Sentence denotes Policies and programmes existing in the communities provide opportunities for zoonotic risk mitigation.
T14 1213-1224 Sentence denotes Conclusions
T15 1225-1367 Sentence denotes This study explored the relationship among zoonotic risk and human behaviour, environment and policies in rural communities in southern China.
T16 1368-1526 Sentence denotes It identifies key behavioural risk factors that can be targeted for development of tailored risk-mitigation strategies to reduce the threat of novel zoonoses.
T17 1528-1540 Sentence denotes Introduction
T18 1541-2418 Sentence denotes Emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases are key contributors to morbidity and mortality in southern China.1,2 This region, considered a ‘hotspot’ for emerging zoonotic diseases, harbours abundant wildlife while also undergoing land use change and natural resource overexploitation leading to intensified human–animal interactions that favour the emergence of zoonotic diseases.3 People living in the rural areas of southern China primarily cultivate rice and fruits, raise swine and poultry in households or on small farms,4 but also traditionally hunt wild animals as an alternative income source.5 The mixed landscape has abundant crops, which attracts wild animals into the communities, and livestock rearing is common.6 This brings humans and animals into close contact in dense populations, creating a wildlife–livestock–human interface for zoonotic disease emergence.7
T19 2419-3525 Sentence denotes In recognition of the challenges of emerging infectious diseases after the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2002 caused by a bat-origin coronavirus, the Chinese government established a national real-time hospital-based infectious disease reporting system.1 Likewise, live poultry market interventions were initiated in response to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in southern China in 2001.8 In December 2019 (after the completion of the current study), a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) emerged in Wuhan, China and spread rapidly across China and the world.9,10 This virus is a group 2b coronavirus, which includes SARS-CoV and bat SARSr-CoVs, and its closest relative is a virus identified in a Rhinolophus affinis bat from Yunnan.10,11 Environmental samples positive for 2019-nCoV were found in an urban market in Wuhan where some of the earliest known human cases originated.12,13 This likely index site sold predominantly seafood, but is also thought to sell live wildlife at the market, and a temporary ban on the wildlife trade for food has been put in place across China.
T20 3526-3844 Sentence denotes These efforts in response to SARS, HPAI and 2019-nCoV represent a reaction-driven response to zoonotic disease outbreaks, whereas, apart from the new temporary ban on wildlife trade, only limited preventative measures are currently being enacted in the region to reduce the risk of future zoonotic disease outbreaks.14
T21 3845-4422 Sentence denotes However, detailed knowledge of the social and ecological mechanisms of zoonotic disease emergence in the region is limited, and therefore cannot yet inform evidence-based policies and practices for targeted surveillance programmes.15 Using a qualitative approach through ethnographic interviews and field observations, this study aimed to understand interactions among humans, animals and ecosystems, to shed light on the zoonotic risks in these presumed high-risk communities and to develop an evidence base for identifying appropriate strategies for zoonotic risk mitigation.
T22 4424-4445 Sentence denotes Materials and methods
T23 4447-4475 Sentence denotes Study sites and participants
T24 4476-4997 Sentence denotes The Yunnan, Guangxi and Guangdong provinces in southern China were selected for this study because of their historical importance in the origin of emerging infectious diseases,16 diverse wildlife population within protected forests17 and intensive wildlife farming and trade activities.18 Three sites in rural areas were identified in each province where our previous research had found numerous bat and rodent populations harbouring viruses with pathogenic potential for humans, at sites close to human communities.19–21
T25 4998-5402 Sentence denotes Enrolment criteria for participation in an ethnographic interview in this study included: individuals were residents of the target community, aged ≥18 y, with prior contact with live animals directly (e.g. by raising, hunting, trading or slaughtering live animals) or indirectly (e.g. through animals living in or entering dwellings/crops, bat roosts within roofs, animals invading stored food or crops).
T26 5403-5598 Sentence denotes We targeted a gender breakdown of 35% of participants being female and aimed to have a diverse sample of participants from different age groups and levels of power and influence in the community.
T27 5600-5624 Sentence denotes Recruitment and sampling
T28 5625-5870 Sentence denotes In each province, project investigators provided a two-day training workshop for study staff from local provincial and city-level Centres for Disease Control and Prevention who spoke the local language and were familiar with the local community.
T29 5871-6150 Sentence denotes This included a unit on the ethical conduct of human subject research, an in-depth review of the study design and objectives, and comprehensive information on the implementation of observational research, semistructured interviews and notetaking within the context of this study.
T30 6151-6615 Sentence denotes Participants were identified through key informants and the snowball sampling method because the population size at selected sites and the people who had high-risk contacts with live animals were difficult to elucidate.22 Starting with the key informants, we asked each participant to suggest people who met the inclusion criteria and who might be interested in participating in this study; we then contacted the referrals for potential participation in our study.
T31 6616-6766 Sentence denotes Local study staff visited potential participants and provided these individuals with the participant information sheet to introduce them to the study.
T32 6767-6909 Sentence denotes We aimed to obtain a minimum sample size of 20 participants from each of the three provinces, for a total sample size of over 60 participants.
T33 6910-7065 Sentence denotes At least two field observations of local markets and household environments were conducted at each study site, for a total of 18 observations at a minimum.
T34 7066-7116 Sentence denotes Participation in the study was strictly voluntary.
T35 7117-7227 Sentence denotes Study staff reviewed the information sheet with potential participants and explained the details of the study.
T36 7228-7521 Sentence denotes This included the voluntary nature of participation, inclusion and exclusion criteria, study implementation processes (e.g. that the interview would be audio-recorded), potential risks and benefits of participation, results sharing and that they could withdraw their participation at any time.
T37 7522-7714 Sentence denotes It was also explained that an item as a token would be given as appreciation for their participation, which was identified by the study team and appropriate for the context of the study sites.
T38 7715-7772 Sentence denotes Figure 1 Coding themes, subthemes and analysis framework
T39 7773-7862 Sentence denotes Figure 2 Nine study sites in the Yunnan, Guangxi and Guangdong Provinces, Southern China
T40 7864-7894 Sentence denotes Data collection and management
T41 7895-8262 Sentence denotes After completion of the informed consent process, one-on-one semistructured interviews were conducted focusing on the five core themes outlined in the interview guide related to zoonotic disease emergence: human movement, socioeconomics, biosecurity in human environments, human–animal contact and illness, and medical care/treatment and death (Supplementary Data I).
T42 8263-8370 Sentence denotes All interviews were conducted in the local language and audio-recorded without any identifying information.
T43 8371-8467 Sentence denotes Confidentiality was maintained by conducting the interviews in a private and secure environment.
T44 8468-8630 Sentence denotes At the end of the interview, each study participant received a bottle of cooking oil or laundry detergent valued at no more than US$10 as a token of appreciation.
T45 8631-8712 Sentence denotes Field observations were conducted by study staff at each study site concurrently.
T46 8713-9067 Sentence denotes Observations were general and implemented in three settings: (1) local markets where live animals were traded, (2) in and/or around the dwellings of study participants and, if applicable, (3) community centres, to obtain an overview of the study site and the communities, and supplementary data on human-animal interactions and environmental biosecurity.
T47 9068-9150 Sentence denotes The observed information was narrated by study staff and audio-recorded on site.23
T48 9151-9631 Sentence denotes To enhance saturation, efforts were made to include a large variety of people with different backgrounds, to conduct a maximized number of interviews during the 8 wk study period in each province and to cover as many themes and subthemes from the interview guide as possible in each interview.24 All data generated, including notes, audio files, digital transcripts and the interviewer checklist, were coded with an alphanumeric ID to preserve the confidentiality of participants.
T49 9632-9690 Sentence denotes Paper files were scanned electronically and then shredded.
T50 9691-9812 Sentence denotes All electronic data were encrypted and password-protected, and access was limited to the study staff conducting analyses.
T51 9814-9827 Sentence denotes Data analysis
T52 9828-9943 Sentence denotes All interviews and observations were transcribed from the local language into Mandarin and translated into English.
T53 9944-10085 Sentence denotes All transcripts were imported into MAXQDA release 12 statistical software (VERBI Software, Berlin, Germany) for data management and analysis.
T54 10086-10405 Sentence denotes The analysis process incorporated both deductive and inductive approaches, and followed a process of initial coding, identification of new themes, primary coding and identification and analysis of emerging themes.25 An initial codebook associated with the five core themes of the interview guide was developed a priori.
T55 10406-10599 Sentence denotes After a close reading of the transcripts, two authors used the initial codebook to independently code two transcripts in their entirety, making notes on emerging themes and specified subthemes.
T56 10600-10713 Sentence denotes Subsequently, the two authors adapted the codebook and used the modified codebook to code all of the transcripts.
T57 10714-10941 Sentence denotes During the coding process, the two authors met when any major new themes or concepts emerged to decide on any necessary revisions to the codebook, until no new themes emerged and no new information was obtained from the coding.
T58 10942-11177 Sentence denotes The final codebook was restructured with five sections: (1) demographics, (2) biosecurity in human environments, (3) human–animal contact, (4) illness, treatment and death and (5) animal taxa; subthemes were defined under each section.
T59 11178-11250 Sentence denotes After completion of the coding, a code report was generated from MAXQDA.
T60 11251-11984 Sentence denotes Internal reliability was assessed by comparing the coded segments from two authors on the same two transcripts to reach a minimum code interaction rate of 80%.26 A saturation grid was built using the ‘Segment Retrieval’ function in MAXQDA to ensure saturation was reached.27 Coded segments were categorized into protective factors and risk factors based on their known associations with disease transmission, and the analysis was stratified at the individual, community and policy or regulation level.28 At the individual level, both risk and protective factors were analysed in terms of the individuals' knowledge, attitudes and practices to better understand the risk factors for identifying context-based strategies.29 (Figure 1).
T61 11985-12047 Sentence denotes Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the study participants
T62 12048-12083 Sentence denotes Characteristic Participants (n=88)
T63 12084-12099 Sentence denotes Frequency, n %
T64 12100-12106 Sentence denotes Gender
T65 12107-12119 Sentence denotes Male 58 66
T66 12120-12134 Sentence denotes Female 30 34
T67 12135-12142 Sentence denotes Age (y)
T68 12143-12154 Sentence denotes 18–30 8 9
T69 12155-12168 Sentence denotes 31–50 55 63
T70 12169-12180 Sentence denotes >50 25 28
T71 12181-12189 Sentence denotes Province
T72 12190-12204 Sentence denotes Yunnan 36 41
T73 12205-12220 Sentence denotes Guangxi 25 28
T74 12221-12238 Sentence denotes Guangdong 27 31
T75 12239-12259 Sentence denotes Source of livelihood
T76 12260-12287 Sentence denotes Government employee 10 11
T77 12288-12318 Sentence denotes Private company employee 7 8
T78 12319-12339 Sentence denotes School teacher 5 6
T79 12340-12394 Sentence denotes Cash crop production (e.g. fruit tree, bamboo) 23 26
T80 12395-12442 Sentence denotes Grain crop production (e.g. corn, rice) 32 36
T81 12443-12484 Sentence denotes Household animal raising for sale 13 15
T82 12485-12513 Sentence denotes Domestic animal farmer 1 1
T83 12514-12538 Sentence denotes Wild animal farmer 2 2
T84 12539-12558 Sentence denotes Health worker 2 2
T85 12559-12586 Sentence denotes Construction worker 10 11
T86 12587-12614 Sentence denotes Nature reserve worker 8 9
T87 12615-12676 Sentence denotes Small business (e.g. restaurant, grocery store owner) 16 18
T88 12677-12690 Sentence denotes Student 1 1
T89 12691-12707 Sentence denotes Mineworker 1 1
T90 12708-12765 Sentence denotes Other casual or out-migrating work (non-specific) 30 34
T91 12766-12826 Sentence denotes Has worked or work on multiple jobs to make a living 35 40
T92 12828-12835 Sentence denotes Results
T93 12836-13021 Sentence denotes Eighty-eight individuals from community sites were enrolled in the study from nine sites in the Yunnan (n=36), Guangxi (n=25) and Guangdong (n=27) provinces from March to December 2015.
T94 13022-13130 Sentence denotes All study sites were rural locations with permanent housing structures for family dwelling or community use.
T95 13131-13276 Sentence denotes Family-owned cropland for small-scale vegetable, fruit and rice production was distributed around human dwellings, extending to nearby mountains.
T96 13277-13373 Sentence denotes New buildings and roads were under construction and live animals were sold at local wet markets.
T97 13374-13470 Sentence denotes Few wild animals were seen during our visits to all of the sites during the daytime. (Figure 2).
T98 13471-13577 Sentence denotes Box 1 Illustrative quotes: individuals' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding human–animal contact
T99 13578-13639 Sentence denotes – ‘My family do not eat the sick animals, we will bury them.
T100 13640-13812 Sentence denotes But some other people are not willing to throw them away, for example, they use the dead pigs to make preserved meat’ (male worker at a local restaurant, 23-y-old, Yunnan).
T101 13813-13915 Sentence denotes – ‘Two bats flew into our room, so we caught them to eat’ (female peasant farmer, 60-y-old, Guangxi).
T102 13916-14119 Sentence denotes – ‘I work at this restaurant, my daughter works in Guangdong, my husband also works outside, nobody has time to take care of the raised animals’ (female worker at a local restaurant, 45-y-old, Guangxi).
T103 14120-14373 Sentence denotes – Interviewer: ‘Why do people not catch wild animals now?’ Interviewee: ‘There are few wild animals now, you cannot make much money by catching them, so there are just a few people who are doing this for fun’ (male peasant farmer, 40-y-old, Guangdong).
T104 14374-14467 Sentence denotes – ‘I hurt my waist very seriously, it was painful, and I could not bear the air conditioner.
T105 14468-14686 Sentence denotes One day, one of my friends made some snake soup and I had three bowls of it, and my waist obviously became better, otherwise, I cannot sit here for such a long time with you’ (male peasant farmer, 67-y-old, Guangdong).
T106 14687-14813 Sentence denotes – ‘I think if my chickens get sick, I will kill them before they die, and eat them’ (male peasant farmer, 80-y-old, Guangxi).
T107 14814-14935 Sentence denotes – ‘I found the chickens died, then I washed them to feed my dog’ (female janitor at a local college, 50-y-old, Guangxi).
T108 14936-15070 Sentence denotes – ‘The excrements of pig are used as fertilizer, much better than the chemical fertilizer’ (female peasant farmer, 45-y-old, Yunnan).
T109 15071-15182 Sentence denotes – ‘We usually buy live animals and kill them by ourselves at home’ (female peasant farmer, 45-y-old, Guangxi).
T110 15183-15371 Sentence denotes – Interviewer: ‘Do people take special protections when they handle wild animals?’ Interviewee: ‘No, they just handle them as raised animals’ (male wild animal farmer, 56-y-old, Guangxi).
T111 15372-15534 Sentence denotes – Interviewer: ‘Do you wear gloves when killing chicken?’ Interviewee: ‘No, that would be inconvenient’ (female worker at a local restaurant, 50-y-old, Guangxi).
T112 15535-15590 Sentence denotes – ‘My son wants to keep a dog, but I do not allow him.
T113 15591-15695 Sentence denotes Because dogs are not clean and they will affect human health’ (female peasant farmer, 23-y-old, Yunnan).
T114 15696-15972 Sentence denotes – Interviewer: ‘Do you know what animals will infect human?’ Interviewee: ‘Dead animals.’ Interviewer: ‘Details?’ Interviewee: ‘Dogs and rats.’ Interviewer: ‘Do you know how they infect human?’ Interviewee: ‘Some contact, like bite’ (female peasant farmer, 62-y-old, Yunnan).
T115 15973-16427 Sentence denotes – Interviewer: ‘Many people would catch animals they find, you think different?’ Interviewee: ‘That's not good, I did not know anything when I was young, when there were many birds and animals in the forest, but now there are few, the only reason is people are destroying the ecosystem, and also many eucalyptus trees were planted, which affect the water, soils, and worms grow up in the trees that birds eat’ (male peasant farmer, 40-y-old, Guangdong).
T116 16428-16643 Sentence denotes – ‘Local people now pay more attentions to viruses carried by animals, they worry about it and they do not want to get infected, our government spend a lot of time on conservation’ (policeman, 50-y-old, Guangdong).
T117 16644-16732 Sentence denotes – Interviewer: ‘Local people catch bats to sell to the restaurants?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes.
T118 16733-16811 Sentence denotes It's said bats can prevent cancer’ (male peasant farmer, 40-y-old, Guangdong).
T119 16812-16945 Sentence denotes – Interviewer: ‘Why do people like eating bats?’ Interviewee: ‘Nourishment for vitality’ (male peasant farmer, 65-y-old, Guangdong).
T120 16946-17023 Sentence denotes – Interviewer: ‘Will people get shot once bats bite them?’ Interviewee: ‘No.
T121 17024-17118 Sentence denotes People only get injections for snake or dog bites’ (male peasant farmer, 60-y-old, Guangdong).
T122 17119-17213 Sentence denotes – Interviewer: ‘Do you know which illness can infect animal and human?’ Interviewee: ‘Rabies.
T123 17214-17306 Sentence denotes Who was bitten by dogs needs to get an injection’ (female peasant farmer, 43-y-old, Yunnan).
T124 17308-17499 Sentence denotes I am on the way to interview a potential participant, currently going through a small local market, here they sell fresh vegetables, fruits, pork and live poultry on both sides of the street.
T125 17500-17583 Sentence denotes Live chickens, ducks and geese are mixed and kept in cages, I can smell the faeces.
T126 17584-17788 Sentence denotes A vendor (female) is slaughtering a chicken for her customer who just selected one from the cage, she seems very proficient, only wears an apron but no gloves, the ground is covered by blood and feathers.
T127 17789-17873 Sentence denotes Not far away, there is a woman wearing an orange uniform who is cleaning the street.
T128 17874-18056 Sentence denotes After 5 minutes, I turn my way into a cropland, surrounded by Karst mountains, there are mostly rice and some vegetables planted, small birds are flying, two cattle are eating grass.
T129 18057-18274 Sentence denotes I see a house across the cropland, which is the home of our potential participant, I hear a dog barking when I approach the house (observation made in Xiaolou County, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 25 September 2015).
T130 18276-18288 Sentence denotes Demographics
T131 18289-18443 Sentence denotes The majority of study participants were males (n=58, 68%), local residents aged 31–50 y (n=55, 63%) and making a living in grain and cash crop production.
T132 18444-18679 Sentence denotes Small business (n=16, 18%), household livestock production (n=13, 15%) and other migrant and casual work (n=30, 34%) were the other main contributors to local incomes, and many participants reported multiple income sources (n=35, 40%).
T133 18680-18927 Sentence denotes Without sharing detailed income or education information, participants who discussed socioeconomic status generally indicated low levels of education (e.g. ‘I didn't go to school that much’) or a low economic status (e.g. ‘We are poor’) (Table 1).
T134 18929-18984 Sentence denotes Potential risks from frequent human–animal interactions
T135 18985-19189 Sentence denotes Most participants reported contact with domestic animals in their daily routine of animal raising, slaughtering and meat preparation for consumption, including cats, dogs, poultry, pigs, cattle and goats.
T136 19190-19353 Sentence denotes The migrant work of some participants limited the amount of time individuals had for household level animal husbandry, leading to reduced household animal raising.
T137 19354-19465 Sentence denotes However, many participants kept dogs or cats for companionship, home protection or preventing rat infestations.
T138 19466-19590 Sentence denotes Poultry, pigs and cattle were commonly raised for meat consumption and the animal waste was further used as crop fertilizer.
T139 19591-19764 Sentence denotes Few participants took protective measures when handling or slaughtering domestic animals, or sought medical treatment from a nearby clinic after getting bitten or scratched.
T140 19765-19846 Sentence denotes Vaccinating domestic animals was not widely implemented among study participants.
T141 19847-19996 Sentence denotes Sick and dead animals were usually buried, but some participants discussed consuming sick animals or feeding the carcasses to other domestic animals.
T142 19997-20312 Sentence denotes On the whole, many participants reported that wild animal hunting, trading or consumption activities have decreased in recent years; however, local communities were still reporting hunting or consumption of some wild animals (e.g. rodents, bats, civets, frogs, snakes and birds) for recreation or additional income.
T143 20313-20495 Sentence denotes Some participants indicated a preference for wild over domestic animals for consumption; many also held a belief in the purported curative power of wild animals or their by-products.
T144 20496-20700 Sentence denotes Most participants were fully informed about rabies and the link to dog bites, as well as the postexposure treatment; however, few were aware of other zoonotic diseases and their origin in animals (Box 1).
T145 20701-20769 Sentence denotes Box 2 Illustrative quotes: concerns about the community environment
T146 20770-20835 Sentence denotes – Interviewer: ‘Do they wash hands with soap?’ Interviewee: ‘No.
T147 20836-20989 Sentence denotes The places to kill chickens and ducks are usually dirty and smelly, especially during the summer’ (male chef at a local restaurant, 24-y-old, Guangdong).
T148 20990-21186 Sentence denotes – Interviewer: ‘Are there toilets in your house?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, but they are all squat-style toilets which we need to transfer the faeces out of the house’ (male handyman, 51-y-old, Yunnan).
T149 21187-21317 Sentence denotes – ‘Once a person died, his or her children will clean the body, put on the cloth, and put the body into a coffin to stay at home.
T150 21318-21465 Sentence denotes Then they inform relatives and friends to have a meeting to select a date for the burial, when there will be cemetery ritual activities and dinner.
T151 21466-21592 Sentence denotes When my father-in law and mother-in law died, their bodies stay at home for 3 days’ (female peasant farmer, 43-y-old, Yunnan).
T152 21593-21753 Sentence denotes – ‘There is a cave behind our house, there are always some people going inside the cave and catching bats for food’ (female peasant farmer, 60-y-old, Guangxi).
T153 21754-21917 Sentence denotes – ‘We almost see deer every winter when its snowing around this village, so our dogs pursued deer’ (male staff member of local nature reserve, 45-y-old, Guangxi).
T154 21918-21998 Sentence denotes – Interviewer: ‘What kind of animals live in this area?’ Interviewee: ‘Weasels.
T155 21999-22130 Sentence denotes People often see weasels stealing chicken from their houses’ (male staff member at local forestry department, 40-y-old, Guangdong).
T156 22131-22430 Sentence denotes – Interviewer: ‘When you see rats or dead rats, would you call the infection sanitary department for help?’ Interviewee: ‘There are too many rats in the village, we only call the infection sanitary department for help when someone is infected’ (male worker at a local restaurant, 23-y-old, Yunnan).
T157 22431-22596 Sentence denotes – Interviewer: ‘How do you deal with the wastes, like the organs you do not eat from the chicken?’ Interviewee: ‘Throw them away.’ Interviewer: ‘Where do you throw?
T158 22597-22724 Sentence denotes A certain place?’ Interviewee: ‘Anywhere is OK like at the roadside’ (female owner of a local grocery store, 54-y-old, Yunnan).
T159 22725-22992 Sentence denotes – Interviewer: ‘Do people worry about the well water quality?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, so many people are buying water for drinking, but I am old, I do not care, and I feel the well water is better, sweet, and I drink well water’ (male peasant farmer, 80-y-old, Guangxi).
T160 22993-23072 Sentence denotes Box 3 Illustrative quotes: policy/regulation level risk and protective factors
T161 23073-23411 Sentence denotes Healthcare Interviewer: ‘Is the town's hospital far away from you home?’ Interviewee: ‘About 100 meters.’ Interviewer: ‘How much do you pay one time?’ Interviewee: ‘30 yuan for normal diseases.’ Interviewer: ‘Do you have any subsidies?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, we have medical insurance’ (female cook at a local restaurant, 46-y-old, Yunnan).
T162 23412-23562 Sentence denotes Interviewer: ‘How much you can get reimbursed for your treatment expense?’ Interviewee: ‘75% of the expenses’ (male peasant farmer, 36-y-old, Yunnan).
T163 23563-23849 Sentence denotes National immunization programme Interviewer: ‘Does your child get vaccine regularly?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, some people will inform us.’ Interviewer: ‘Free charge of vaccine?’ Interviewee: ‘Almost free, only pay very small amount of injection fee’ (male peasant farmer, 36-y-old, Yunnan).
T164 23850-24127 Sentence denotes Gun control policy ‘There were many hunters, distributed in almost every village, but after the government announced it was illegal to have guns, there are no hunter anymore, but a few people still hunt secretly’ (male staff member of local nature reserve, 30-y-old, Guangxi).
T165 24128-24284 Sentence denotes Animal health ‘Vaccine for foot and mouth disease cost 1 RMB per shot, vaccine of sheep pox cost 2 RMB per shot’ (female peasant farmer, 27-y-old, Yunnan).
T166 24285-24569 Sentence denotes Interviewer: ‘Did you give them vaccine?’ Interviewee: ‘No, of course not in this rural area, the epidemic prevention station staff go to villages to distribute vaccines, but here is not included in the village, that's why I did not get it’ (male peasant farmer, 40-y-old, Guangdong).
T167 24570-24629 Sentence denotes ‘If these animals are sick, there is a vet in the villages.
T168 24630-24734 Sentence denotes Averagely, there will be a good vet among 3 or 5 villages’ (male wildlife researcher, 47-y-old, Yunnan).
T169 24735-24959 Sentence denotes Disease prevention Interviewer: ‘Does Yunnan CDC have systems to report the sudden death cases?’ Interviewee: ‘No, but we will investigate for young people's sudden death’ (male staff member of local CDC, 42-y-old, Yunnan).
T170 24960-25146 Sentence denotes Interviewer: ‘How to control mouse at home?’ Interviewee: ‘The village committee give out rat poison each year and I also buy sticky rat board’ (female peasant farmer, 43-y-old, Yunnan).
T171 25147-25340 Sentence denotes Rabies prevention Interviewer: ‘Are there many people who got sick after being bitten by dogs?’ Interviewee: ‘Not so many, since 2011, our state has monitored and treated more than 100 people.
T172 25341-25381 Sentence denotes Treating regularly, they are never sick.
T173 25382-25623 Sentence denotes But some people refused injection, as a result, they were dead.’ Interviewer: ‘Are there some policies that domestic dogs must be vaccinated?’ Interviewee: ‘Yes, but it's hard to implement’ (male staff member of local CDC, 42-y-old, Yunnan).
T174 25624-25708 Sentence denotes Wildlife hunting and trading ‘You know, catch, sell or eat wild animals is illegal.
T175 25709-25780 Sentence denotes Government will punish you’ (female peasant farmer, 40-y-old, Guangxi).
T176 25781-25944 Sentence denotes Interviewer: ‘Who is the main department to educate the public about animal conservation?’ Interviewee: ‘Mainly relies on the forest department and nature reserve.
T177 25945-26081 Sentence denotes We go to village in a specific month every year to educate local people’ (male staff member of local nature reserve, 30-y-old, Guangxi).
T178 26082-26352 Sentence denotes ‘They do not collect samples for transportation licence of farmed animals; for Inspection and quarantine certificate, they will sampling everything, including water, feeding stuff, oral, blood and rectal of animals regularly’ (male bamboo rat farmer, 56-y-old, Guangxi).
T179 26353-26525 Sentence denotes Human animal conflict Interviewer: ‘Is there governmental compensation system if animals damage crops?’ Interviewee: ‘No, our winner bamboo shoots are eaten by wild boars.
T180 26526-26584 Sentence denotes Nothing will be left once they come, and they run so fast.
T181 26585-26686 Sentence denotes But there is no compensation, they sometimes run to the orchard to eat oranges and damage many trees.
T182 26687-26773 Sentence denotes Even purple yams my mum planted are eaten’ (male peasant farmer, 50-y-old, Guangdong).
T183 26775-26830 Sentence denotes Environmental biosecurity concerns in local communities
T184 26831-26945 Sentence denotes Recent infrastructural development promoted by local governments was observed and reported around all study sites.
T185 26946-27061 Sentence denotes Participants reported that this has contributed to improved hygiene and sanitation conditions in local communities.
T186 27062-27215 Sentence denotes Local wet markets provided safe pork, the most consumed meat among study communities, which had undergone inspection from designated slaughtering houses.
T187 27216-27360 Sentence denotes However, some participants were concerned about sanitation in local markets, particularly in areas where live poultry were sold and slaughtered.
T188 27361-27552 Sentence denotes Sterilized tap water was reported to be available in local communities, but anxiety was expressed by some participants regarding water sources shared with animals or polluted by animal waste.
T189 27553-27633 Sentence denotes Some participants raised concerns about the environment around their households.
T190 27634-27848 Sentence denotes In addition to wild animals (e.g. rats, bats and birds) observed entering or living inside human dwellings and contaminating stored food, bat caves or roosts were reported in the community close to human dwellings.
T191 27849-27962 Sentence denotes Wild animals (e.g. bats, wild boars and deer) were also observed in croplands or orchards eating crops or fruits.
T192 27963-28146 Sentence denotes Some participants reported that rearing domestic animals as free-range allowed interactions between domestic and wild animals (e.g. wild boars, chickens, dogs and wild birds) (Box 2).
T193 28148-28195 Sentence denotes Existing opportunities for mitigating the risks
T194 28196-28396 Sentence denotes Many participants indicated that the recent enforcement of wildlife protection laws, as well as gun control policies, has significantly reduced the wildlife hunting, trading or consumption activities.
T195 28397-28614 Sentence denotes Free or low-priced vaccines for domestic animals were provided by the government, but a lack of access to vaccines in rural areas was reported as one of the main risks associated with raising animals in the household.
T196 28615-28837 Sentence denotes Participants discussed community healthcare facilities and health insurance, including the national immunization programme for children, as providing accessible protection and preventative services to the local population.
T197 28838-29035 Sentence denotes Public education about rabies was reported as an example of a zoonotic disease prevention programme that had improved local awareness of the need for protective measures and postexposure treatment.
T198 29036-29227 Sentence denotes However, the lack of management plans to address human animal conflicts in local communities as discussed by some participants brings potential zoonotic risks (Box 3) (Supplementary Data II).
T199 29229-29239 Sentence denotes Discussion
T200 29240-29444 Sentence denotes This study provided evidence of human–animal interactions in rural communities of southern China that increase the potential for zoonotic disease emergence and suggested opportunities for risk mitigation.
T201 29445-30102 Sentence denotes Population migration from rural communities to urban areas for employment, as well as the wild animal protection policy changes in China in recent years, have led to a perceived overall reduction in activities such as household animal raising and wildlife trade.30,31 Protective attitudes, knowledge and a supportive social environment for disease prevention were reportedly being developed within the community.31 Existing local preliminary programmes and policies around human and animal health, community development and conservation are considered effective resources to begin or continue developing cost-effective strategies to mitigate zoonotic risks.
T202 30103-30343 Sentence denotes In spite of these positive changes over the long term, there is little understanding within enrolled participants of the transmission mechanisms and ecology of zoonotic pathogens that currently circulate in animal populations in the region.
T203 30344-30790 Sentence denotes This is of particular concern in rural communities where close contact with bats and rodents was reported, and zoonotic pathogens have been detected in the widely distributed animal populations with the potential to spill over into the human population.20,32–35 In addition, rural residents may face a higher risk because of their limited access to quality healthcare facilities for proper diagnosis and treatment compared with urban residents.36
T204 30791-30981 Sentence denotes Enforcement of current wildlife protection policy and continued community infrastructure development appears to significantly reduce high-risk contact between humans, wildlife and livestock.
T205 30982-31247 Sentence denotes Closer collaboration between local animal and human health authorities within the current epidemic disease prevention programmes will provide educational and training opportunities to promote risk-mitigation knowledge, skills and best practice in local communities.
T206 31248-31430 Sentence denotes For example, cave monitoring and management is a low-cost and efficient method to help restrict human activities (e.g. recreation and mining) that lead to contact with bats in caves.
T207 31431-31555 Sentence denotes This is of particular importance given the emergence of 2019-nCoV, which appears likely to be a bat-origin coronavirus.10,11
T208 31556-31761 Sentence denotes As the first qualitative study in southern China to assess risk factors for zoonotic disease emergence, our scope was limited by current knowledge, only allowing us to focus on known presumed risk factors.
T209 31762-31952 Sentence denotes With further urbanization, and subsequent increased interactions between human populations and the changing ecosystems, new risk factors for zoonotic disease transmission will likely emerge.
T210 31953-32351 Sentence denotes This might include changes to the wildlife trade following the temporary ban put in place as a response to the emergence of 2019-nCoV.9,10 Further research to identify the risk factors among different populations will help develop more locally-relevant and fine-tuned risk mitigation strategies and address the social and ecological bias to identifying recommendations for other community settings.
T211 32353-32364 Sentence denotes Conclusions
T212 32365-32585 Sentence denotes Using a qualitative approach, this study allowed us to explore a variety of risk factors at different individual, community and policy levels to contextualize the risks of zoonotic disease emergence in local communities.
T213 32586-32814 Sentence denotes The findings provide guidance for future in-depth research on specific risk factors, as well as zoonotic disease control and prevention in southern China and potentially other regions with similar ecological and social contexts.
T214 32816-32838 Sentence denotes Supplementary Material
T215 32839-32940 Sentence denotes Supplementary_Data_I_Ethnographic_Interview_Guide_Final_ihaa001 Click here for additional data file.
T216 32941-33042 Sentence denotes Supplementary_Data_II_Risk_and_Protective_Factors_Final_ihaa001 Click here for additional data file.
T217 33044-33060 Sentence denotes Acknowledgements
T218 33061-33281 Sentence denotes The authors would like to thank the Wuhan University School of Health Sciences for their generous support in reviewing the study protocol and providing local ethical approval and permission for study operations in China.
T219 33282-33388 Sentence denotes We would also like to give special thanks to Rebecca Hill for her comments and insights on the manuscript.
T220 33390-33412 Sentence denotes Authors' contributions
T221 33413-33464 Sentence denotes All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
T222 33465-33860 Sentence denotes MM, EH and AC designed the study, developed the research tools and implemented the pilot study; GZ, YZ and LZ made major contributions to study implementation; LF and SM developed the data analysis and interpretation plan; HT contributed to the initial analysis; HL contributed to the study implementation, data analysis and interpretation, and writing; PD edited and approved the final version.
T223 33862-33869 Sentence denotes Funding
T224 33870-34028 Sentence denotes This work was supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats PREDICT project [Cooperative Agreement No.
T225 34029-34158 Sentence denotes AID-OAA-A-14-00102] and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health [Award No.
T226 34159-34172 Sentence denotes R01AI110964].
T227 34173-34341 Sentence denotes The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, the United States Government or the National Institutes of Health.
T228 34343-34362 Sentence denotes Competing interests
T229 34363-34377 Sentence denotes None declared.
T230 34379-34395 Sentence denotes Ethical approval
T231 34396-34573 Sentence denotes This study was approved by Wuhan University School of Health Sciences Medical Ethics Committee, Institutional Review Board Administration of University of California, Davis (No.
T232 34574-34608 Sentence denotes 804522–6) and Hummingbird IRB (No.
T233 34609-34618 Sentence denotes 2014–23).

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 16760-16766 Phenotype denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664
T2 24812-24824 Phenotype denotes sudden death http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001699
T3 24894-24906 Phenotype denotes sudden death http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001699
T4 27437-27444 Phenotype denotes anxiety http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000739
T5 34079-34086 Phenotype denotes Allergy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012393

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
1 23-31 Disease denotes zoonotic MESH:D015047
4 173-189 Disease denotes zoonotic disease MESH:D015047
5 240-248 Disease denotes zoonotic MESH:D015047
7 765-781 Disease denotes zoonotic disease MESH:D015047
12 960-965 Species denotes human Tax:9606
13 1004-1017 Species denotes environmental Tax:1275957
14 1080-1096 Disease denotes zoonotic disease MESH:D015047
15 1186-1194 Disease denotes zoonotic MESH:D015047
19 1286-1291 Species denotes human Tax:9606
20 1268-1276 Disease denotes zoonotic MESH:D015047
21 1517-1525 Disease denotes zoonoses MESH:D015047
33 1848-1853 Species denotes human Tax:9606
34 1923-1929 Species denotes People Tax:9606
35 1994-1998 Species denotes rice Tax:4530
36 2017-2022 Species denotes swine Tax:9823
37 2280-2286 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
38 2370-2375 Species denotes human Tax:9606
39 1566-1583 Disease denotes zoonotic diseases MESH:D015047
40 1622-1631 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
41 1703-1720 Disease denotes zoonotic diseases MESH:D015047
42 1903-1920 Disease denotes zoonotic diseases MESH:D015047
43 2390-2406 Disease denotes zoonotic disease MESH:D015047
67 3163-3166 Gene denotes bat Gene:570
68 3075-3078 Gene denotes bat Gene:570
69 2564-2567 Gene denotes bat Gene:570
70 2575-2586 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
71 2904-2921 Species denotes novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
72 2923-2932 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
73 3062-3070 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
74 3085-3089 Species denotes CoVs Tax:11118
75 3143-3162 Species denotes Rhinolophus affinis Tax:59477
76 3185-3206 Species denotes Environmental samples Tax:1275957
77 3220-3229 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
78 3302-3307 Species denotes human Tax:9606
79 3570-3579 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
80 3034-3045 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
81 2464-2483 Disease denotes infectious diseases MESH:D003141
82 2494-2527 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome MESH:D045169
83 2529-2533 Disease denotes SARS MESH:D045169
84 2659-2677 Disease denotes infectious disease MESH:D003141
85 2806-2810 Disease denotes HPAI
86 3555-3559 Disease denotes SARS MESH:D045169
87 3561-3565 Disease denotes HPAI
88 3620-3636 Disease denotes zoonotic disease MESH:D015047
89 3815-3831 Disease denotes zoonotic disease MESH:D015047
94 4214-4220 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
95 3916-3932 Disease denotes zoonotic disease MESH:D015047
96 4267-4275 Disease denotes zoonotic MESH:D015047
97 4397-4405 Disease denotes zoonotic MESH:D015047
102 4872-4875 Gene denotes bat Gene:570
103 4948-4954 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
104 4974-4979 Species denotes human Tax:9606
105 4632-4651 Disease denotes infectious diseases MESH:D003141
109 5338-5341 Gene denotes bat Gene:570
110 5444-5456 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
111 5508-5520 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
113 5918-5923 Species denotes human Tax:9606
122 6151-6163 Species denotes Participants Tax:9606
123 6290-6296 Species denotes people Tax:9606
124 6421-6432 Species denotes participant Tax:9606
125 6444-6450 Species denotes people Tax:9606
126 6652-6664 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
127 6705-6716 Species denotes participant Tax:9606
128 6814-6826 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
129 6896-6908 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
131 7175-7187 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
139 8101-8106 Species denotes human Tax:9606
140 8148-8153 Species denotes human Tax:9606
141 8168-8173 Species denotes human Tax:9606
142 8508-8519 Species denotes participant Tax:9606
143 8549-8552 Chemical denotes oil MESH:D009821
144 8073-8081 Disease denotes zoonotic MESH:D015047
145 8233-8238 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
149 8868-8880 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
150 9011-9016 Species denotes human Tax:9606
151 9041-9054 Species denotes environmental Tax:1275957
154 9222-9228 Species denotes people Tax:9606
155 9618-9630 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
159 11035-11040 Species denotes human Tax:9606
160 11059-11064 Species denotes human Tax:9606
161 11108-11113 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
164 12064-12076 Species denotes Participants Tax:9606
165 12429-12433 Species denotes rice Tax:4530
169 13190-13194 Species denotes rice Tax:4530
170 13229-13234 Species denotes human Tax:9606
171 13104-13112 Disease denotes dwelling
202 13655-13661 Species denotes people Tax:9606
203 13729-13733 Species denotes pigs Tax:9823
204 14144-14150 Species denotes people Tax:9606
205 14295-14301 Species denotes people Tax:9606
206 14705-14713 Species denotes chickens Tax:9031
207 14830-14838 Species denotes chickens Tax:9031
208 14875-14878 Species denotes dog Tax:9615
209 14958-14961 Species denotes pig Tax:9823
210 15203-15209 Species denotes people Tax:9606
211 15421-15428 Species denotes chicken Tax:9031
212 15562-15565 Species denotes dog Tax:9615
213 15599-15603 Species denotes dogs Tax:9615
214 15639-15644 Species denotes human Tax:9606
215 15750-15755 Species denotes human Tax:9606
216 15825-15829 Species denotes Dogs Tax:9615
217 15834-15838 Species denotes rats Tax:10116
218 15883-15888 Species denotes human Tax:9606
219 15995-16001 Species denotes people Tax:9606
220 16224-16230 Species denotes people Tax:9606
221 16438-16444 Species denotes people Tax:9606
222 16667-16673 Species denotes people Tax:9606
223 16836-16842 Species denotes people Tax:9606
224 16968-16974 Species denotes people Tax:9606
225 17024-17030 Species denotes People Tax:9606
226 17064-17067 Species denotes dog Tax:9615
227 17184-17189 Species denotes human Tax:9606
228 17232-17236 Species denotes dogs Tax:9615
229 16323-16328 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
230 16548-16556 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
231 16760-16766 Disease denotes cancer MESH:D009369
233 13557-13562 Species denotes human Tax:9606
243 17349-17360 Species denotes participant Tax:9606
244 17505-17513 Species denotes chickens Tax:9031
245 17515-17520 Species denotes ducks Tax:8839
246 17620-17627 Species denotes chicken Tax:9031
247 17814-17819 Species denotes woman Tax:9606
248 17970-17974 Species denotes rice Tax:4530
249 18032-18038 Species denotes cattle Tax:9913
250 18127-18138 Species denotes participant Tax:9606
251 18149-18152 Species denotes dog Tax:9615
255 18311-18323 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
256 18621-18633 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
257 18738-18750 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
259 18959-18964 Species denotes human Tax:9606
276 18990-19002 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
277 19145-19149 Species denotes cats Tax:9685
278 19151-19155 Species denotes dogs Tax:9615
279 19166-19170 Species denotes pigs Tax:9823
280 19172-19178 Species denotes cattle Tax:9913
281 19183-19188 Species denotes goats Tax:9925
282 19215-19227 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
283 19368-19380 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
284 19386-19390 Species denotes dogs Tax:9615
285 19394-19398 Species denotes cats Tax:9685
286 19448-19451 Species denotes rat Tax:10116
287 19475-19479 Species denotes pigs Tax:9823
288 19484-19490 Species denotes cattle Tax:9913
289 19595-19607 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
290 19833-19845 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
291 19899-19911 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
297 20016-20028 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
298 20318-20330 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
299 20501-20513 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
300 20563-20566 Species denotes dog Tax:9615
301 20646-20663 Disease denotes zoonotic diseases MESH:D015047
322 20855-20863 Species denotes chickens Tax:9031
323 20868-20873 Species denotes ducks Tax:8839
324 21222-21230 Species denotes children Tax:9606
325 21653-21659 Species denotes people Tax:9606
326 21835-21839 Species denotes dogs Tax:9615
327 21999-22005 Species denotes People Tax:9606
328 22033-22040 Species denotes chicken Tax:9031
329 22161-22165 Species denotes rats Tax:10116
330 22174-22178 Species denotes rats Tax:10116
331 22273-22277 Species denotes rats Tax:10116
332 22521-22528 Species denotes chicken Tax:9031
333 22745-22751 Species denotes people Tax:9606
334 22816-22822 Species denotes people Tax:9606
335 22773-22778 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
336 22834-22839 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
337 22903-22908 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
338 22944-22949 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
339 22199-22208 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
340 22311-22320 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
341 22366-22374 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
369 24936-24943 Gene denotes CDC, 42 Gene:998
370 25600-25607 Gene denotes CDC, 42 Gene:403934
371 23620-23625 Species denotes child Tax:9606
372 23674-23680 Species denotes people Tax:9606
373 24036-24042 Species denotes people Tax:9606
374 24211-24216 Species denotes sheep Tax:9940
375 24885-24891 Species denotes people Tax:9606
376 24989-24994 Species denotes mouse Tax:10090
377 25050-25053 Species denotes rat Tax:10116
378 25093-25096 Species denotes rat Tax:10116
379 25195-25201 Species denotes people Tax:9606
380 25237-25241 Species denotes dogs Tax:9615
381 25333-25339 Species denotes people Tax:9606
382 25391-25397 Species denotes people Tax:9606
383 25499-25503 Species denotes dogs Tax:9615
384 26010-26016 Species denotes people Tax:9606
385 26309-26320 Species denotes male bamboo Tax:231030
386 26321-26324 Species denotes rat Tax:10116
387 26353-26358 Species denotes Human Tax:9606
388 26514-26524 Species denotes wild boars Tax:9823
389 26699-26703 Species denotes yams Tax:55571
390 24186-24189 Chemical denotes RMB
391 24228-24231 Chemical denotes RMB
392 26241-26246 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
393 24165-24178 Disease denotes mouth disease MESH:D009059
394 24812-24824 Disease denotes sudden death MESH:D003645
395 24894-24906 Disease denotes sudden death MESH:D003645
397 26775-26788 Species denotes Environmental Tax:1275957
405 27372-27375 Gene denotes tap Gene:10482
406 26946-26958 Species denotes Participants Tax:9606
407 27230-27242 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
408 27467-27479 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
409 27376-27381 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
410 27490-27495 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
411 27437-27444 Disease denotes anxiety MESH:D001007
422 27772-27775 Gene denotes bat Gene:570
423 27558-27570 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
424 27668-27672 Species denotes rats Tax:10116
425 27725-27730 Species denotes human Tax:9606
426 27832-27837 Species denotes human Tax:9606
427 27874-27884 Species denotes wild boars Tax:9823
428 27968-27980 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
429 28095-28105 Species denotes wild boars Tax:9823
430 28107-28115 Species denotes chickens Tax:9031
431 28117-28121 Species denotes dogs Tax:9615
439 28201-28213 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
440 28615-28627 Species denotes Participants Tax:9606
441 28742-28750 Species denotes children Tax:9606
442 29085-29090 Species denotes human Tax:9606
443 29150-29162 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
444 28900-28916 Disease denotes zoonotic disease MESH:D015047
445 29180-29188 Disease denotes zoonotic MESH:D015047
450 29272-29277 Species denotes human Tax:9606
451 29918-29923 Species denotes human Tax:9606
452 29369-29385 Disease denotes zoonotic disease MESH:D015047
453 30087-30095 Disease denotes zoonotic MESH:D015047
458 30204-30216 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
459 30580-30585 Species denotes human Tax:9606
460 30263-30271 Disease denotes zoonotic MESH:D015047
461 30455-30463 Disease denotes zoonotic MESH:D015047
468 31527-31530 Gene denotes bat Gene:570
469 30950-30956 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
470 31028-31033 Species denotes human Tax:9606
471 31344-31349 Species denotes human Tax:9606
472 31487-31496 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
473 31538-31549 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
478 31835-31840 Species denotes human Tax:9606
479 32077-32086 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
480 31632-31648 Disease denotes zoonotic disease MESH:D015047
481 31903-31911 Disease denotes zoonotic MESH:D015047
484 32537-32553 Disease denotes zoonotic disease MESH:D015047
485 32682-32690 Disease denotes zoonotic MESH:D015047
487 33819-33821 Disease denotes PD MESH:D010300
491 34029-34047 Disease denotes AID-OAA-A-14-00102 OMIM:615513
492 34079-34086 Disease denotes Allergy MESH:D004342
493 34091-34110 Disease denotes Infectious Diseases MESH:D003141

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32040190-22359565-48103161 1652-1653 22359565 denotes 2
32040190-29066781-48103162 1921-1922 29066781 denotes 3
32040190-32214694-48103163 2142-2143 32214694 denotes 5
32040190-23671097-48103164 2417-2418 23671097 denotes 7
32040190-26654122-48103165 2838-2839 26654122 denotes 8
32040190-24858904-48103166 3842-3844 24858904 denotes 14
32040190-30285857-48103167 4076-4078 30285857 denotes 15
32040190-23200502-48103168 4652-4654 23200502 denotes 16
32040190-28137858-48103169 4762-4764 28137858 denotes 18
32040190-29614074-48103170 4995-4997 29614074 denotes 21
32040190-19784865-48103171 11523-11525 19784865 denotes 27
32040190-29486714-48103172 11970-11972 29486714 denotes 29
32040190-17880024-48103173 30788-30790 17880024 denotes 36
T88204 1652-1653 22359565 denotes 2
T68990 1921-1922 29066781 denotes 3
T7763 2142-2143 32214694 denotes 5
T80317 2417-2418 23671097 denotes 7
T18828 2838-2839 26654122 denotes 8
T14505 3842-3844 24858904 denotes 14
T99910 4076-4078 30285857 denotes 15
T27139 4652-4654 23200502 denotes 16
T66879 4762-4764 28137858 denotes 18
T82467 4995-4997 29614074 denotes 21
T88965 11523-11525 19784865 denotes 27
T87475 11970-11972 29486714 denotes 29
T35620 30788-30790 17880024 denotes 36