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PMC:7011107 / 740-6459 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
14 33-41 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
15 367-389 Species denotes 2019 novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
16 391-400 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
17 436-445 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
18 612-621 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
19 47-56 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
20 337-346 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
21 720-729 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
27 1141-1150 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
28 1260-1269 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
29 1439-1444 Species denotes human Tax:9606
30 1461-1470 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
31 1445-1455 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
36 1638-1647 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
37 1851-1860 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
38 1882-1891 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
39 2079-2088 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
58 3041-3050 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
59 3138-3145 Species denotes persons Tax:9606
60 3256-3265 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
61 3315-3367 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus Tax:694009
62 3451-3455 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
63 3456-3471 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11309
64 3577-3593 Species denotes SARS coronavirus Tax:694009
65 3734-3738 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
66 3739-3754 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11309
67 3901-3910 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
68 4069-4078 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
69 4124-4128 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
70 4129-4144 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11309
71 4291-4300 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
72 4327-4343 Species denotes SARS coronavirus Tax:694009
73 4426-4435 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
74 3129-3137 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
75 4539-4548 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
79 5378-5383 Species denotes human Tax:9606
80 5387-5392 Species denotes human Tax:9606
81 5638-5647 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 47-56 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T2 337-346 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T3 720-729 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T4 1445-1455 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T5 1720-1730 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T6 2947-2957 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T7 3315-3348 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T8 3350-3354 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T9 3451-3465 Disease denotes H1N1 influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005460
T10 3456-3465 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T11 3577-3581 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T12 3734-3748 Disease denotes H1N1 influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005460
T13 3739-3748 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T14 4124-4138 Disease denotes H1N1 influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005460
T15 4129-4138 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T16 4327-4331 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T17 4539-4548 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T3 244-245 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T4 252-256 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_117565 denotes fish
T5 261-267 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T6 365-366 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T7 403-409 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001757 denotes 1]. At
T8 622-625 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T9 766-769 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T10 815-816 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T11 894-896 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T12 1370-1371 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T13 1439-1444 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T14 1910-1914 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008416 denotes peer
T15 1910-1914 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050081 denotes peer
T16 2325-2326 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T17 2569-2570 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T18 3111-3112 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T19 3449-3450 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T20 3466-3471 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T21 3604-3605 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T22 3732-3733 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T23 3749-3754 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T24 3922-3923 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T25 4122-4123 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T26 4139-4144 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T27 4644-4645 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T28 5023-5024 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T29 5297-5298 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T30 5348-5349 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T31 5368-5369 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T32 5378-5383 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T33 5387-5392 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 1892-1895 Chemical denotes TFT http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_140318

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 5622-5634 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes pathogenesis

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T12 0-12 Sentence denotes INTRODUCTION
T13 13-281 Sentence denotes Several clusters of patients with pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China were reported to the Chinese health authorities starting on December 8, 2019, and most of these cases were epidemiologically linked to a local fish and animal market [1,2].
T14 282-406 Sentence denotes The pathogenic agent responsible for these clusters of pneumonia was identified as a 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) [1].
T15 407-569 Sentence denotes At the very beginning of the 2019-nCoV outbreak in China, much remained unknown, except for the fact that it was transmitted by direct exposure at the market [3].
T16 570-734 Sentence denotes However, person-to-person transmission of 2019-nCoV has been confirmed [4], and asymptomatic individuals have been identified as potential sources of infection [5].
T17 735-918 Sentence denotes The number of identified cases has been steadily growing, and as of February 3, a total of 14,557 cases had been reported globally (14,411 in China and 146 in 22 other countries) [6].
T18 919-1096 Sentence denotes Since the first laboratory-confirmed case was identified on January 20, 2020 in Korea, the number of reported cases grew to 15 as of February 3, 2020 (Figure 1 and Table 1) [7].
T19 1097-1350 Sentence denotes There remain considerable knowledge gaps on 2019-nCoV; therefore, the public health authorities in countries with any likelihood of experiencing imported cases of 2019-nCoV should update the case definition to reflect newly updated epidemiological data.
T20 1351-1530 Sentence denotes Herein, we present a review of the literature on the epidemiological characteristics of human infections with 2019-nCoV to provide an interim summary to public health authorities.
T21 1532-1553 Sentence denotes MATERIALS AND METHODS
T22 1554-1815 Sentence denotes We searched the literature for studies reporting epidemiological characteristics of 2019-nCoV, including the reproductive number, incubation period, serial interval, infectious period, generation time, latent period, and the fatality rate of hospitalized cases.
T23 1816-1985 Sentence denotes The Korean Society of Epidemiology 2019-nCoV Task Force Team (KSE 2019-nCoV TFT) searched for peer-reviewed articles published from December 8, 2019 to February 1, 2020.
T24 1986-2089 Sentence denotes Articles were eligible for inclusion if they reported any epidemiological characteristics of 2019-nCoV.
T25 2091-2107 Sentence denotes Ethics statement
T26 2108-2170 Sentence denotes The ethical approval or individual consent was not applicable.
T27 2172-2179 Sentence denotes RESULTS
T28 2180-2257 Sentence denotes Six articles were identified and included in this review (Table 2) [2,8-12] .
T29 2258-2324 Sentence denotes Four relevant studies estimated the reproductive number [8,10-12].
T30 2325-2462 Sentence denotes A study of confirmed cases from Wuhan, China estimated the reproductive number to be 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 3.2) [10].
T31 2463-2568 Sentence denotes Three other studies estimated the mean reproductive number as 0.3, 2.2, and 2.68, respectively [8,11,12].
T32 2569-2721 Sentence denotes A study reported the mean incubation period to be 6.1 days (95% CI, 3.8 to 9.7), and the mean serial interval to be 7.7 days (95% CI, 4.9 to 13.0) [10].
T33 2722-2811 Sentence denotes Two studies predicted the mean doubling time to be between 6.4 days and 8.7 days [10,11].
T34 2812-2894 Sentence denotes Three studies estimated the fatality rate of hospitalized cases as 14-15% [2,8,9].
T35 2895-2977 Sentence denotes We could not identify any studies that reported the infectious and latent periods.
T36 2979-2989 Sentence denotes DISCUSSION
T37 2990-3051 Sentence denotes We reviewed the epidemiological characteristics of 2019-nCoV.
T38 3052-3521 Sentence denotes The estimated reproductive number of 0.3 was obtained from a small number of infected persons with imperfect information in the very early stages of the outbreak [8]; therefore the reproductive number of 2019-nCoV is likely to be similar to that of the 2002/2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus during the pre-intervention period (range, 2 to 3) and that of the 2009 pandemic A/H1N1 influenza virus in the United States (range, 1.3 to 1.7) [13-15].
T39 3522-3674 Sentence denotes The incubation period is likely similar to that of the SARS coronavirus, but with a wider confidence interval (mean, 4.8 days; 95% CI, 4.2 to 5.5) [16].
T40 3675-3817 Sentence denotes Furthermore, it is longer than that of the 2009 pandemic A/H1N1 influenza virus (median incubation period, 1.4 days; 95% CI, 1.0 to 1.8) [17].
T41 3818-4025 Sentence denotes Therefore, the evidence reviewed above shows that the current control measures for 2019-nCoV, including a quarantine and observation period of 14 days for suspected cases, can be considered appropriate [10].
T42 4026-4253 Sentence denotes The generation time and serial interval of 2019-nCoV are longer than those of the 2009 pandemic A/H1N1 influenza virus (median generation time, 2.7 days; 95% CI, 2.0 to 3.5; and mean serial interval: range, 2.6 to 3.2) [14,18].
T43 4254-4391 Sentence denotes However, the mean serial interval of 2019-nCoV is similar to that of the SARS coronavirus (mean, 8.4 days; standard deviation, 3.8) [19].
T44 4392-4590 Sentence denotes The overall case fatality rate of 2019-nCoV was estimated by international experts to range from 3% to 14% [15,20], and it is more likely to cause infection in older age groups with commodities [2].
T45 4591-4724 Sentence denotes Epidemiological parameters are usually obtained from a consecutive timeline of the number of reported cases and contact-tracing data.
T46 4725-4927 Sentence denotes However, most of the studies included in our review made estimates using data obtained from the early stages of the outbreak in Wuhan, in which the reporting of confirmed cases may have been incomplete.
T47 4928-5064 Sentence denotes Furthermore, differences in the simulation methodology used in various scenarios may result in a wide spectrum of estimated values [21].
T48 5065-5135 Sentence denotes Therefore, caution is needed when interpreting these reported results.
T49 5136-5229 Sentence denotes The number of confirmed cases is increasing in China and in other countries, including Korea.
T50 5230-5335 Sentence denotes Furthermore, the likelihood of local transmission is increasing as a result of cases entering from China.
T51 5336-5719 Sentence denotes In light of a report describing a case of human-to-human transmission in the asymptomatic period [5], it is necessary to consider updating the case definition for surveillance; however, more detailed studies presenting evidence on the epidemiological nature, clinical presentation, and pathogenesis of 2019-nCoV are necessary to provide information for public health decision-making.

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 47-56 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T2 337-346 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090

MyTest

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32023775-31986259-28529418 566-567 31986259 denotes 3
32023775-15353409-28529419 3514-3516 15353409 denotes 13
32023775-19745114-28529419 3514-3516 19745114 denotes 13
32023775-15503397-28529420 3670-3672 15503397 denotes 16
32023775-20042754-28529421 3813-3815 20042754 denotes 17
32023775-19745114-28529422 4246-4248 19745114 denotes 14
32023775-19744314-28529423 4249-4251 19744314 denotes 18
32023775-12766207-28529424 4387-4389 12766207 denotes 19
32023775-25843390-28529425 5060-5062 25843390 denotes 21

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32023775-31986259-28529418 566-567 31986259 denotes 3
32023775-15353409-28529419 3514-3516 15353409 denotes 13
32023775-19745114-28529419 3514-3516 19745114 denotes 13
32023775-15503397-28529420 3670-3672 15503397 denotes 16
32023775-20042754-28529421 3813-3815 20042754 denotes 17
32023775-19745114-28529422 4246-4248 19745114 denotes 14
32023775-19744314-28529423 4249-4251 19744314 denotes 18
32023775-12766207-28529424 4387-4389 12766207 denotes 19
32023775-25843390-28529425 5060-5062 25843390 denotes 21