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LitCovid_Glycan-Motif-Structure

{"project":"LitCovid_Glycan-Motif-Structure","denotations":[{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":3948,"end":3955},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G00021MO"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":3948,"end":3955},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G54161DR"}],"text":"8 Disease nursing\n\n8.1 Nursing of isolated patients at home\nThe patient’s home isolation scheme is shown in Table 5.\nPatients should monitor their body temperature and illness at home. If your body temperature continues to be higher than 38 ℃, or your breath is getting worse, you should seek medical treatment timely.\nIn addition to taking protective measures, the home caregivers also should monitor their body temperature closely.\n\n8.2 Nursing the patients\n\n8.2.1 Nursing of oxygen therapy\nMild patients generally use a nasal catheter and a mask for oxygen. Adjust the oxygen flow as appropriate according to the patient’s condition and doctor’s instruction, and closely monitor the patient’s breathing and blood oxygen saturation. If oxygen therapy fails to reach the expected effect, the nurse should analyze the cause comprehensively and be vigilant to notify the doctor.\n\n8.2.2 Nursing of medication\nMild patients generally use antiviral drugs, antibacterial drugs (when bacterial infection exists), and symptomatic treatment. The doctor’s advice should be followed accurately and timely. The adverse reactions of oseltamivir mainly include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and bronchitis, cough, etc. The adverse reactions of interferon are mainly flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, myalgia, and headache, followed by mild suppression of bone marrow. Attention should be paid to identify the change of clinical manifestations or adverse drug reactions.\n\n8.2.3 Nutritional support\nAccording to the patients’ condition, provide high-protein, high-vitamin, carbohydrate-containing diets (e.g. eggs, fish, lean meat, milk, etc.) for enough nutrition to improve physical condition.\n\n8.2.4 Psychological nursing\nTake good care of the patient and respond to the patient’s question timely. Positively encourage patients to reduce their anxiety and fear.\n\n8.3 Nursing of critically illed patients\n\n8.3.1 Condition monitoring\nDynamically monitor patients’ vital signs, water-electrolytes balance, acid-base balance, and functions of various organs, monitor patients’ infection indicators, and determine the occurrence of complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, stress ulcers, and deep vein thrombosis.\n\n8.3.2 Sequential oxygen care\nThe critically illed patients mainly use oxygen therapy such as HFNO, NIV and invasive mechanical ventilation. When using various oxygen treatments in a sequential manner, the airway and breathing circuit need to be kept open, and the effect of oxygen treatment needs to be monitored dynamically. At the same time, skincare products need to be used reasonably to avoid damage to the nose, face and lips by pressure. When using a high-flow nasal catheter to inhale oxygen, the oxygen flow and temperature and humidity should be adjusted appropriately. When using non-invasive mechanical ventilation, patient should receive relevant health education. Patients are instructed to inhale through the nose. The pressure is set from low to high and gradually reaches the target value. The human-machine coordination is maximized. The patient’s consciousness and respiratory function are closely observed. Patients with artificial airway established should use a closed suction tube to reduce virus spread. Nurses should wear goggles or a face shield to avoid occupational exposure.\n\n8.3.3 Special treatment nursing\nIf the patient develops moderate to severe ARDS, invasive mechanical ventilation combined with a prone position need to be adopted. Standard operating procedure for prone position needs to be followed. At the same time, be cautious to prevent pressure ulcers, falling bed, tube slippage, and eye damage by pressure and other complications. Patients treated with ECMO should be monitored for the performance of the oxygenator. If the oxygenator changes its color to darker, indicating the possibility of coagulation, the doctor should be notified to adjust the heparin dose as necessary. The oxygenator should be replaced if necessary. The coagulation function need to be monitored dynamically, including the whole set of coagulation and DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation), and the time of activating partial thromboplastin, etc., the patient should be closely observed for signs of bleeding, such as bruising on the skin and mucous membranes, bleeding in the nasal cavity, oral cavity, bloody sputum, hematuria, blood in the stool, swelling of the abdomen, moving dullness, and the size of bilateral pupils. Make sure that the ECMO pipelines are tightly connected and firmly fixed to prevent air embolism and pipeline slippage.\n\n8.3.4 Infection prevention\nPerform oral care and skin care, assist the patient to use toilet, and take eyes on the indwelling tubes. Rules and regulations for aseptic operation and isolation should be strictly followed to prevent ventilator-related pneumonia, catheter-related sepsis, urinary catheter related urinary tract infections and other secondary infections.\n\n8.3.5 Nutrition support\nDynamically assess the patients’ nutritional risks and timely nutritional support can be given if needed. For the patients who can eat, the diet rich in protein and carbohydrates is recommended. Those patients who cannot eat but are compatible with enteral nutrition should be given enteral nutrition as soon as possible. For the patients incompatible with enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition should be given timely to meet energy requirement.\n\n8.3.6 Psychological nursing\nPsychological and humanistic care should be performed in high priority especially for the awake patients. Psychological techniques like mindfulness - based stress reduction can be adopted to relieve the patients’ anxiety and panic by building up their optimistic confidence in overcoming the disease."}

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

LitCovid-PD-CLO

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

LitCovid-PD-HP

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":696,"end":705},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007585"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":2467,"end":2476},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007585"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":3891,"end":3902},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050817"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":4027,"end":4038},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050817"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":4109,"end":4120},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050817"},{"id":"T35","span":{"begin":4157,"end":4168},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050817"},{"id":"T36","span":{"begin":4770,"end":4781},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007"}],"text":"8 Disease nursing\n\n8.1 Nursing of isolated patients at home\nThe patient’s home isolation scheme is shown in Table 5.\nPatients should monitor their body temperature and illness at home. If your body temperature continues to be higher than 38 ℃, or your breath is getting worse, you should seek medical treatment timely.\nIn addition to taking protective measures, the home caregivers also should monitor their body temperature closely.\n\n8.2 Nursing the patients\n\n8.2.1 Nursing of oxygen therapy\nMild patients generally use a nasal catheter and a mask for oxygen. Adjust the oxygen flow as appropriate according to the patient’s condition and doctor’s instruction, and closely monitor the patient’s breathing and blood oxygen saturation. If oxygen therapy fails to reach the expected effect, the nurse should analyze the cause comprehensively and be vigilant to notify the doctor.\n\n8.2.2 Nursing of medication\nMild patients generally use antiviral drugs, antibacterial drugs (when bacterial infection exists), and symptomatic treatment. The doctor’s advice should be followed accurately and timely. The adverse reactions of oseltamivir mainly include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and bronchitis, cough, etc. The adverse reactions of interferon are mainly flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, myalgia, and headache, followed by mild suppression of bone marrow. Attention should be paid to identify the change of clinical manifestations or adverse drug reactions.\n\n8.2.3 Nutritional support\nAccording to the patients’ condition, provide high-protein, high-vitamin, carbohydrate-containing diets (e.g. eggs, fish, lean meat, milk, etc.) for enough nutrition to improve physical condition.\n\n8.2.4 Psychological nursing\nTake good care of the patient and respond to the patient’s question timely. Positively encourage patients to reduce their anxiety and fear.\n\n8.3 Nursing of critically illed patients\n\n8.3.1 Condition monitoring\nDynamically monitor patients’ vital signs, water-electrolytes balance, acid-base balance, and functions of various organs, monitor patients’ infection indicators, and determine the occurrence of complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, stress ulcers, and deep vein thrombosis.\n\n8.3.2 Sequential oxygen care\nThe critically illed patients mainly use oxygen therapy such as HFNO, NIV and invasive mechanical ventilation. When using various oxygen treatments in a sequential manner, the airway and breathing circuit need to be kept open, and the effect of oxygen treatment needs to be monitored dynamically. At the same time, skincare products need to be used reasonably to avoid damage to the nose, face and lips by pressure. When using a high-flow nasal catheter to inhale oxygen, the oxygen flow and temperature and humidity should be adjusted appropriately. When using non-invasive mechanical ventilation, patient should receive relevant health education. Patients are instructed to inhale through the nose. The pressure is set from low to high and gradually reaches the target value. The human-machine coordination is maximized. The patient’s consciousness and respiratory function are closely observed. Patients with artificial airway established should use a closed suction tube to reduce virus spread. Nurses should wear goggles or a face shield to avoid occupational exposure.\n\n8.3.3 Special treatment nursing\nIf the patient develops moderate to severe ARDS, invasive mechanical ventilation combined with a prone position need to be adopted. Standard operating procedure for prone position needs to be followed. At the same time, be cautious to prevent pressure ulcers, falling bed, tube slippage, and eye damage by pressure and other complications. Patients treated with ECMO should be monitored for the performance of the oxygenator. If the oxygenator changes its color to darker, indicating the possibility of coagulation, the doctor should be notified to adjust the heparin dose as necessary. The oxygenator should be replaced if necessary. The coagulation function need to be monitored dynamically, including the whole set of coagulation and DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation), and the time of activating partial thromboplastin, etc., the patient should be closely observed for signs of bleeding, such as bruising on the skin and mucous membranes, bleeding in the nasal cavity, oral cavity, bloody sputum, hematuria, blood in the stool, swelling of the abdomen, moving dullness, and the size of bilateral pupils. Make sure that the ECMO pipelines are tightly connected and firmly fixed to prevent air embolism and pipeline slippage.\n\n8.3.4 Infection prevention\nPerform oral care and skin care, assist the patient to use toilet, and take eyes on the indwelling tubes. Rules and regulations for aseptic operation and isolation should be strictly followed to prevent ventilator-related pneumonia, catheter-related sepsis, urinary catheter related urinary tract infections and other secondary infections.\n\n8.3.5 Nutrition support\nDynamically assess the patients’ nutritional risks and timely nutritional support can be given if needed. For the patients who can eat, the diet rich in protein and carbohydrates is recommended. Those patients who cannot eat but are compatible with enteral nutrition should be given enteral nutrition as soon as possible. For the patients incompatible with enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition should be given timely to meet energy requirement.\n\n8.3.6 Psychological nursing\nPsychological and humanistic care should be performed in high priority especially for the awake patients. Psychological techniques like mindfulness - based stress reduction can be adopted to relieve the patients’ anxiety and panic by building up their optimistic confidence in overcoming the disease."}

LitCovid-sentences

LitCovid-PubTator

PMC:7003341 / 78859-84655 JSONTXT

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PMC:7003341 / 78859-84655 JSON TXT