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PMC:6988272 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
1 73-101 Disease denotes novel coronavirus infections MESH:C000657245
9 153-170 Species denotes novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
10 172-181 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
11 307-312 Species denotes human Tax:9606
12 316-321 Species denotes human Tax:9606
13 402-407 Species denotes human Tax:9606
14 411-416 Species denotes human Tax:9606
15 204-223 Disease denotes respiratory disease MESH:D012140
31 640-653 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
32 684-690 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
33 797-810 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
34 891-897 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
35 1044-1057 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
36 1162-1207 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Tax:694009
37 1209-1217 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
38 1381-1436 Species denotes Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Tax:1335626
39 1609-1617 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
40 1622-1630 Species denotes MERS-CoV Tax:1335626
41 943-952 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
42 1095-1114 Disease denotes respiratory disease MESH:D012140
43 1219-1229 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
44 1344-1350 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
45 1437-1446 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
52 1660-1677 Species denotes novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
53 1679-1688 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
54 1831-1837 Species denotes people Tax:9606
55 1747-1762 Disease denotes viral pneumonia
56 1945-1965 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infections MESH:C000657245
57 2215-2235 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infections MESH:C000657245
59 2428-2447 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infection MESH:C000657245
62 2481-2485 Species denotes nCoV Tax:2697049
63 2487-2504 Species denotes novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
65 2518-2538 Disease denotes 2019-nCov infections MESH:C000657245
67 2715-2730 Disease denotes viral pneumonia
72 3238-3244 Species denotes people Tax:9606
73 2859-2874 Disease denotes viral pneumonia
74 2998-3007 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
218 12945-12950 Species denotes human Tax:9606
221 13301-13310 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
231 13757-13767 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
75 3940-3949 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
77 3978-3998 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infections MESH:C000657245
87 4037-4054 Species denotes novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
88 4056-4065 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
89 4813-4822 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
90 4840-4849 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
91 4125-4134 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
92 4267-4286 Disease denotes 2019-nCov infection MESH:C000657245
93 4292-4301 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
94 4490-4495 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
95 4520-4529 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
99 5074-5093 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infection MESH:C000657245
100 5282-5292 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
101 5542-5561 Disease denotes zoonotic infections MESH:D015047
105 5878-5897 Disease denotes respiratory illness MESH:D012140
106 6478-6487 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
107 7134-7144 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
111 7190-7196 Species denotes people Tax:9606
112 7540-7545 Species denotes human Tax:9606
113 7549-7554 Species denotes human Tax:9606
118 7817-7822 Species denotes human Tax:9606
119 7826-7831 Species denotes human Tax:9606
120 7723-7732 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
121 7805-7813 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
127 8165-8175 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
128 8238-8252 Disease denotes critically ill MESH:D016638
129 8433-8443 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
130 8521-8541 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infections MESH:C000657245
131 8629-8639 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
136 8707-8712 Species denotes human Tax:9606
137 8716-8721 Species denotes human Tax:9606
138 8860-8879 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infection MESH:C000657245
139 9054-9067 Disease denotes HCWs infected MESH:D007239
144 9746-9752 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
145 9798-9802 Disease denotes died MESH:D003643
146 10015-10020 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
147 10064-10070 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
150 10296-10305 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
151 10254-10259 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
154 10365-10369 Species denotes nCoV Tax:2697049
155 10371-10388 Species denotes novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
158 10520-10528 Disease denotes zoonotic MESH:D015047
159 10558-10566 Disease denotes zoonotic MESH:D015047
171 10698-10703 Species denotes human Tax:9606
172 10707-10712 Species denotes human Tax:9606
173 10748-10757 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
174 11097-11102 Species denotes human Tax:9606
175 11106-11111 Species denotes human Tax:9606
176 11238-11243 Species denotes human Tax:9606
177 11247-11252 Species denotes human Tax:9606
178 10676-10685 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
179 10897-10917 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infections MESH:C000657245
180 10982-10990 Disease denotes zoonotic MESH:D015047
181 11168-11176 Disease denotes zoonotic MESH:D015047
207 11724-11730 Species denotes people Tax:9606
208 11802-11807 Species denotes human Tax:9606
209 11811-11816 Species denotes human Tax:9606
210 11918-11923 Species denotes human Tax:9606
211 11927-11932 Species denotes human Tax:9606
212 11994-11999 Species denotes human Tax:9606
213 12003-12008 Species denotes human Tax:9606
214 12215-12220 Species denotes human Tax:9606
215 12224-12229 Species denotes human Tax:9606
216 12742-12752 Species denotes outpatient Tax:9606
217 12936-12941 Species denotes human Tax:9606
219 13213-13218 Species denotes human Tax:9606
220 13222-13227 Species denotes human Tax:9606
222 13460-13465 Species denotes human Tax:9606
223 13469-13474 Species denotes human Tax:9606
224 11689-11699 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
225 12498-12508 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
226 12694-12704 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
227 13075-13083 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
228 13162-13171 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
229 13288-13297 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
230 13330-13340 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
235 11406-11411 Species denotes human Tax:9606
236 11428-11437 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
237 11412-11422 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
241 13941-13944 Gene denotes MHC Gene:3107
242 13916-13920 Species denotes nCoV Tax:2697049
243 13922-13939 Species denotes novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
248 14019-14024 Species denotes human Tax:9606
249 14028-14033 Species denotes human Tax:9606
250 13982-13992 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
251 13997-14005 Disease denotes zoonotic MESH:D015047
255 14102-14107 Species denotes human Tax:9606
256 14111-14116 Species denotes human Tax:9606
257 14068-14076 Disease denotes zoonotic MESH:D015047
267 14327-14336 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
268 14586-14591 Species denotes human Tax:9606
269 14595-14600 Species denotes human Tax:9606
270 14823-14828 Species denotes human Tax:9606
271 14832-14837 Species denotes human Tax:9606
272 14956-14961 Species denotes human Tax:9606
273 14965-14970 Species denotes human Tax:9606
274 14290-14300 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
275 14379-14388 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
286 15606-15614 Species denotes SARS-CoV Tax:694009
287 15540-15545 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
288 15619-15638 Disease denotes MERS-CoV infections MESH:D018352
289 15859-15864 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
290 15869-15879 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
291 15911-15915 Disease denotes SARS MESH:D045169
292 15963-15968 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
293 16246-16250 Disease denotes died MESH:D003643
294 16481-16491 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
295 16514-16523 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
297 17798-17808 Disease denotes Critically MESH:D016638

LitCovid-PMC-OGER-BB

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T214 11406-11411 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T213 11428-11437 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T209 10254-10259 GO:0016265 denotes death
T208 10296-10305 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T205 2428-2437 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T203 14327-14336 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T202 14586-14591 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T201 14595-14600 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T200 14823-14828 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T199 14832-14837 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T198 14956-14961 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T197 14965-14970 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T196 15315-15321 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animal
T195 15540-15545 GO:0016265 denotes death
T194 15606-15614 SP_10 denotes SARS-CoV
T193 15619-15627 SP_9 denotes MERS-CoV
T192 15859-15864 GO:0016265 denotes death
T191 15911-15915 SP_10 denotes SARS
T190 15963-15968 GO:0016265 denotes death
T189 16246-16250 GO:0016265 denotes died
T188 16681-16687 SO:0000417 denotes domain
T168 10698-10703 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T167 10707-10712 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T166 10748-10757 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T165 10897-10906 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T164 11097-11102 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T163 11106-11111 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T162 11238-11243 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T161 11247-11252 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T149 9746-9752 GO:0016265 denotes deaths
T148 9798-9802 GO:0016265 denotes died
T147 10015-10020 GO:0016265 denotes death
T146 10064-10070 GO:0016265 denotes deaths
T141 8521-8530 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T140 8595-8600 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes virus
T139 8707-8712 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T138 8716-8721 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T137 8860-8869 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T136 8912-8916 UBERON:0001137 denotes back
T135 9077-9082 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes virus
T125 5794-5800 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes person
T124 5849-5855 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes person
T123 5878-5889 UBERON:0001004 denotes respiratory
T122 6206-6212 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes person
T121 6331-6337 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes person
T120 6363-6369 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes person
T119 6562-6568 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes person
T118 6777-6783 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes person
T117 6849-6855 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes person
T116 7190-7196 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes people
T115 7540-7545 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T114 7549-7554 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T113 7617-7629 GO:0000003 denotes reproduction
T112 7817-7822 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T111 7826-7831 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T100 4043-4054 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes coronavirus
T99 4056-4065 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T98 4188-4195 SO:0000704 denotes genetic
T97 4212-4217 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes virus
T96 4267-4276 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCov
T95 4537-4542 CL:0000738 denotes white
T94 4543-4548 CL:0000738;UBERON:0000178 denotes blood
T93 4549-4553 CL:0000738 denotes cell
T92 4581-4591 CL:0000542 denotes lymphocyte
T91 4604-4614 CHEBI:33282;CHEBI:33282 denotes antibiotic
T90 4779-4790 UBERON:0001004 denotes respiratory
T89 4813-4822 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T88 4840-4849 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T87 4859-4865 SO:0001026 denotes genome
T86 5074-5083 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T73 2859-2864 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T72 3238-3244 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes people
T71 3468-3475 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T70 3480-3491 GO:0007631 denotes consumption
T69 3535-3539 CHEBI:33290;CHEBI:33290 denotes food
T68 3623-3630 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T63 640-653 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes coronaviruses
T62 684-690 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes humans
T61 721-732 UBERON:0001004 denotes respiratory
T60 797-810 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes coronaviruses
T59 833-840 NCBITaxon:33208 denotes animals
T58 858-862 SP_2;NCBITaxon:9397 denotes bats
T57 891-897 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes humans
T56 1044-1057 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes coronaviruses
T55 1095-1106 UBERON:0001004 denotes respiratory
T54 1162-1174 SP_10 denotes severe acute
T53 1175-1186 SP_10;UBERON:0001004 denotes respiratory
T52 1187-1207 SP_10 denotes syndrome coronavirus
T51 1209-1217 SP_10 denotes SARS-CoV
T50 1344-1350 GO:0016265 denotes deaths
T49 1381-1392 SP_9 denotes Middle East
T48 1393-1404 SP_9;UBERON:0001004 denotes respiratory
T47 1405-1425 SP_9 denotes syndrome coronavirus
T46 1427-1435 SP_9 denotes MERS-CoV
T45 1609-1617 SP_10 denotes SARS-CoV
T44 1622-1630 SP_9 denotes MERS-CoV
T43 1666-1677 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes coronavirus
T42 1679-1688 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T41 1747-1752 NCBITaxon:10239 denotes viral
T40 1831-1837 NCBITaxon:9606 denotes people
T39 1945-1954 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T38 2215-2224 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV
T15 159-170 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes coronavirus
T13 204-215 UBERON:0001004 denotes respiratory
T12 307-312 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T11 316-321 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T10 402-407 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T9 411-416 SP_6;NCBITaxon:9606 denotes human
T16 79-90 NCBITaxon:11118 denotes coronavirus
T14 172-181 SP_7 denotes 2019-nCoV

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 4537-4553 Body_part denotes white blood cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62852
T2 4549-4553 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T3 4581-4591 Body_part denotes lymphocyte http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863
T4 4859-4865 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T5 8912-8916 Body_part denotes back http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma25056
T6 13941-13944 Body_part denotes MHC http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84079

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 4543-4548 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 91-104 Disease denotes infections in http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T2 204-223 Disease denotes respiratory disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005087
T3 756-767 Disease denotes common cold http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005709
T4 943-952 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T5 1095-1114 Disease denotes respiratory disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005087
T6 1162-1195 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T7 1209-1217 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T8 1219-1229 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T9 1437-1446 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T10 1609-1617 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T11 1747-1762 Disease denotes viral pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006012
T12 1753-1762 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T13 1945-1965 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T14 2215-2235 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T15 2428-2447 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T16 2438-2447 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T17 2518-2538 Disease denotes 2019-nCov infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T18 2715-2730 Disease denotes viral pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006012
T19 2721-2730 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T20 2859-2874 Disease denotes viral pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006012
T21 2865-2874 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T22 2998-3007 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T23 3940-3949 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T24 3978-3998 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T25 4125-4134 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T26 4267-4286 Disease denotes 2019-nCov infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T27 4277-4286 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T28 4292-4301 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T29 4520-4529 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T30 5074-5093 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T31 5084-5093 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T32 5282-5292 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T33 5542-5561 Disease denotes zoonotic infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T34 6478-6487 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T35 7134-7147 Disease denotes infections in http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T36 7723-7732 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T37 8165-8178 Disease denotes infections in http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T38 8433-8446 Disease denotes infections in http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T39 8521-8541 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T40 8629-8639 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T41 8860-8879 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T42 8870-8879 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T43 10676-10685 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T44 10897-10917 Disease denotes 2019-nCoV infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T45 11412-11422 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T46 11689-11699 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T47 12498-12508 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T48 12694-12704 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T49 13162-13171 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T50 13288-13297 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T51 13330-13340 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T52 13757-13767 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T53 13982-14005 Disease denotes infections are zoonotic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T54 14290-14300 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T55 14379-14388 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T56 15606-15614 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T57 15628-15638 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T58 15869-15879 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T59 15911-15915 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T60 16481-16494 Disease denotes infections in http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T61 16514-16523 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 125-127 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T2 151-152 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T3 307-312 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T4 316-321 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T5 402-407 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T6 411-416 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T7 536-537 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T8 684-690 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T9 773-774 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T10 833-840 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T11 858-862 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bats
T12 891-897 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T13 1263-1264 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T14 1508-1509 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T15 1658-1659 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T16 1780-1782 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T17 1794-1795 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T18 1820-1822 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T19 1903-1905 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T20 2506-2507 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T21 2837-2838 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T22 2995-2997 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T23 3305-3306 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T24 3369-3376 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001318 denotes selling
T25 3435-3436 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T26 3468-3475 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T27 3511-3518 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001318 denotes selling
T28 3590-3594 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001318 denotes sell
T29 3600-3601 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T30 3623-3630 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T31 4035-4036 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T32 4212-4217 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T33 4222-4224 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T34 4234-4236 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053794 denotes 41
T35 4388-4391 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T36 4543-4548 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T37 4549-4553 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T38 4745-4746 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T39 4777-4778 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T40 5152-5154 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T41 5332-5334 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053794 denotes 41
T42 5792-5793 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T43 6175-6176 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T44 6204-6205 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T45 6338-6341 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T46 6427-6428 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T47 6489-6490 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T48 6775-6776 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T49 7104-7105 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T50 7349-7350 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T51 7501-7502 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T52 7540-7545 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T53 7549-7554 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T54 7573-7574 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T55 7602-7604 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T56 7706-7707 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T57 7736-7737 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T58 7814-7822 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes by human
T59 7826-7831 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T60 7861-7863 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053794 denotes 41
T61 7927-7929 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053794 denotes 41
T62 8022-8024 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T63 8053-8054 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T64 8115-8117 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T65 8415-8416 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T66 8595-8600 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T67 8707-8712 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T68 8716-8721 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T69 8954-8955 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T70 9077-9082 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T71 9225-9227 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T72 9477-9478 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T73 9579-9581 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T74 10038-10040 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T75 10390-10391 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T76 10592-10594 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T77 10625-10628 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T78 10698-10703 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T79 10707-10712 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T80 10974-10975 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T81 11053-11054 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T82 11097-11102 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T83 11106-11111 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T84 11160-11161 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T85 11238-11243 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T86 11247-11252 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T87 11406-11411 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T88 11445-11447 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T89 11516-11517 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T90 11539-11540 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes b
T91 11671-11673 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T92 11802-11807 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T93 11811-11816 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T94 11918-11923 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T95 11927-11932 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T96 11957-11959 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053794 denotes 41
T97 11967-11969 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T98 11994-11999 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T99 12003-12008 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T100 12127-12129 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053794 denotes 41
T101 12215-12220 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T102 12224-12229 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T103 12364-12365 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T104 12936-12941 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T105 12945-12950 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T106 13213-13218 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T107 13222-13227 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T108 13460-13465 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T109 13469-13474 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T110 13622-13624 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T111 13649-13651 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T112 13975-13976 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T113 14019-14024 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T114 14028-14033 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T115 14058-14059 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes b
T116 14102-14107 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T117 14111-14116 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T118 14246-14247 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T119 14586-14591 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T120 14595-14600 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T121 14823-14828 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T122 14832-14837 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T123 14956-14961 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T124 14965-14970 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T125 14984-14987 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T126 15193-15200 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T127 15276-15277 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T128 15315-15321 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T129 16183-16185 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T130 16436-16437 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T131 16580-16581 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T132 16718-16721 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T133 17008-17013 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 denotes focus
T134 17017-17024 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T135 17097-17098 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T136 17287-17288 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 4604-4614 Chemical denotes antibiotic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281
T2 17217-17219 Chemical denotes Au http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287
T3 17637-17639 Chemical denotes PW http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74797
T4 17667-17669 Chemical denotes PW http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74797
T5 17706-17708 Chemical denotes PW http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74797
T6 17746-17748 Chemical denotes PW http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74797
T7 17794-17796 Chemical denotes PW http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74797

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 7617-7629 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000003 denotes reproduction

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-140 Sentence denotes Real-time tentative assessment of the epidemiological characteristics of novel coronavirus infections in Wuhan, China, as at 22 January 2020
T2 142-150 Sentence denotes Abstract
T3 151-257 Sentence denotes A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing severe acute respiratory disease emerged recently in Wuhan, China.
T4 258-430 Sentence denotes Information on reported cases strongly indicates human-to-human spread, and the most recent information is increasingly indicative of sustained human-to-human transmission.
T5 431-612 Sentence denotes While the overall severity profile among cases may change as more mild cases are identified, we estimate a risk of fatality among hospitalised cases at 14% (95% confidence interval:
T6 613-622 Sentence denotes 3.9–32%).
T7 624-772 Sentence denotes Four strains of coronaviruses are known to spread easily in humans, causing generally-mild acute respiratory illnesses known as the common cold [1].
T8 773-902 Sentence denotes A much larger number of coronaviruses have been detected in animals, particularly in bats, but have not been found in humans [2].
T9 903-1136 Sentence denotes Prior to December 2019 when clusters of pneumonia cases with unknown aetiology were detected in Wuhan, China, only two additional strains of coronaviruses had caused outbreaks of severe acute respiratory disease around the world [3].
T10 1137-1355 Sentence denotes In the 2003 outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infections in mainland China, Hong Kong and a number of other locations, there were more than 8,000 documented cases and 774 deaths [4].
T11 1356-1546 Sentence denotes Since 2012, outbreaks of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection have occurred in the Middle East [5], and in 2015, there was a large outbreak in South Korea [6,7].
T12 1547-1638 Sentence denotes Super-spreading events have contributed to large outbreaks of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV [8-10].
T13 1639-1784 Sentence denotes On 9 January 2020, a novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, was officially identified as the cause of an outbreak of viral pneumonia in Wuhan, China [11].
T14 1785-1896 Sentence denotes Wuhan is a large city of more than 11 million people located in central China around 1,200 km south of Beijing.
T15 1897-2145 Sentence denotes As of 22 January, there have been 440 confirmed 2019-nCoV infections reported in 13 provinces and municipalities in mainland China and five other countries and regions overseas, with an increasing number of cases reported in recent days (Figure 1).
T16 2146-2375 Sentence denotes Here, we describe the preliminary epidemiological characteristics of 2019-nCoV infections based on publicly-available information (including some media reports) before an official ‘line list’ of confirmed cases becomes available.
T17 2376-2480 Sentence denotes Figure 1 Increase in laboratory-confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV infection over time, as at 21 January 2020
T18 2481-2505 Sentence denotes nCoV: novel coronavirus.
T19 2506-2562 Sentence denotes a Refers to 2019-nCov infections outside mainland China.
T20 2563-2695 Sentence denotes Figure based on the date of case announcement by the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission and then the from National Health Commission.
T21 2697-2767 Sentence denotes Early outbreak of viral pneumonia of unknown aetiology as at 9 January
T22 2768-2900 Sentence denotes On 31 December 2019, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission announced a cluster of cases of viral pneumonia of unexplained aetiology.
T23 2901-3097 Sentence denotes The Southern China Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan was suspected to be related to the first 27 pneumonia cases without identified pathogenic agents that were reported in late December 2019 [12].
T24 3098-3289 Sentence denotes Most of the early cases were reportedly either shop owners, largely in the West District of the Southern China Seafood Wholesale Market, or people who visited the market before symptom onset.
T25 3290-3492 Sentence denotes This market is a large open complex of 50,000 square metres including sections selling seafood, fresh meat, produce, other perishable goods, and a very wide variety of live wild animals for consumption.
T26 3493-3631 Sentence denotes While wet markets selling such perishable food products are common in China, they usually do not sell such a wide variety of wild animals.
T27 3632-3789 Sentence denotes Environmental disinfection of the Southern China Seafood Wholesale Market was initiated on 30 December 2019 and the market was closed on 1 January 2020 [13].
T28 3790-3955 Sentence denotes Contact tracing was initiated, and by 5 January, more than 160 close contacts of these cases were under medical surveillance, and none of them had an infection [14].
T29 3957-4015 Sentence denotes Early information on 2019-nCoV infections as at 12 January
T30 4016-4144 Sentence denotes On 9 January 2020, a novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, was officially identified as the cause of the outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan.
T31 4145-4330 Sentence denotes Following the official announcement of the genetic sequence of the virus, on 11 January, 41 laboratory-confirmed cases of 2019-nCov infection with pneumonia were reported in Wuhan [15].
T32 4331-4877 Sentence denotes While the case definition for laboratory-confirmed cases has not been officially published, our understanding is that the initial case definition required (i) fever, (ii) x-ray evidence of pneumonia, (iii) white blood cell count normal or low or low lymphocyte count, (iv) antibiotic treatment for 3 days without improvement, in addition to (v) one or more recent visits to Wuhan or direct or indirect exposure to a wet market in Wuhan, and (vi) a respiratory specimen positive for 2019-nCoV and confirmed as 2019-nCoV by whole genome sequencing.
T33 4878-4939 Sentence denotes The earliest known case had illness onset on 8 December 2019.
T34 4940-5145 Sentence denotes Between 10 and 12 January when there were no new cases reported, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission announced that no new cases of 2019-nCoV infection were identified with illness onset after 3 January.
T35 5146-5315 Sentence denotes As at 11 January, more than 700 close contacts were under medical surveillance, more than half being healthcare workers (HCWs), with no infections being identified [15].
T36 5316-5440 Sentence denotes Among the first 41 confirmed cases, approximately 70% reported exposure to the Southern China Seafood Wholesale Market [16].
T37 5441-5624 Sentence denotes Using the method described by Cauchemez et al. [17], assuming that the market was the only source of zoonotic infections, we estimated R 0 to be 0.3 (95% confidence interval (95% CI):
T38 5625-5636 Sentence denotes 0.17–0.44).
T39 5638-5718 Sentence denotes Information on exported cases identified outside mainland China as at 17 January
T40 5719-5843 Sentence denotes On 13 January 2020, Thai health authorities reported an imported case in a person in their 60s who had travelled from Wuhan.
T41 5844-6007 Sentence denotes This person had onset of an upper respiratory illness on 5 January and landed in Bangkok on 8 January, and was screened out by the thermal scanners at the airport.
T42 6008-6122 Sentence denotes They did not visit the Southern China Seafood Wholesale Market, but reported visiting another wet market in Wuhan.
T43 6123-6291 Sentence denotes On 16 January, Japanese health authorities reported a confirmed imported case in a person in their 30s who had travelled from Wuhan and landed in Kanagawa on 6 January.
T44 6292-6358 Sentence denotes Illness onset was on 3 January and the person has since recovered.
T45 6359-6488 Sentence denotes The person had not visited any wet market in Wuhan, but had visited a close relative who was in hospital in Wuhan with pneumonia.
T46 6489-6556 Sentence denotes A third case was reported by Thai health authorities on 17 January.
T47 6557-6722 Sentence denotes This person was in their 70s and had landed in Bangkok on 13 January, reporting an illness onset on 6 January and unclear history of exposure to the market in Wuhan.
T48 6723-6843 Sentence denotes On 20 January, the fourth exported case from Wuhan, a person in their 30s visiting South Korea, was identified in Seoul.
T49 6844-6975 Sentence denotes This person reported no previous visit to wet markets in Wuhan nor contact with any other case within 2 weeks before illness onset.
T50 6976-7154 Sentence denotes The lack of exposure history to wet markets in Wuhan in two of four generally-mild exported cases indicated that there might be a larger number of undetected infections in Wuhan.
T51 7155-7233 Sentence denotes Two family clusters involving five people were reported from 15 to 16 January.
T52 7234-7473 Sentence denotes One cluster of three close relatives all with illness onset on the same day, were thought to have occurred through a common exposure since they all lived together and worked in the same stall in the Southern China Seafood Wholesale Market.
T53 7474-7606 Sentence denotes The other cluster involved a couple and may have occurred through human-to-human transmission with a serial interval of 5 days [18].
T54 7607-7772 Sentence denotes The basic reproduction number R 0 is defined as the expected number of secondary cases produced by a typical single infection in a completely susceptible population.
T55 7773-7936 Sentence denotes If there had been only one case infected by human-to-human transmission among the first 41 identified cases by that date, it implies R 0 was 0.02 (i.e. 1/41) [19].
T56 7938-8032 Sentence denotes Information on cases after creation of the National Health Commission task force on 18 January
T57 8033-8141 Sentence denotes On 19 January 2020, a task force under the National Health Commission, created on 18 January, visited Wuhan.
T58 8142-8315 Sentence denotes On 20 January, 136 new infections in Wuhan, including 100 mild cases, 33 severe cases and three critically ill cases, were reported by the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission.
T59 8316-8460 Sentence denotes Three traveller cases from Wuhan were also identified in Beijing and Shenzhen, possibly suggesting a large number of infections in Wuhan itself.
T60 8461-8640 Sentence denotes However, further information on the most recently confirmed 2019-nCoV infections is required to determine the transmissibility of the virus and the severity profile of infections.
T61 8641-8735 Sentence denotes On 20 January, the task force reported three possible episodes of human-to-human transmission.
T62 8736-8953 Sentence denotes This included, in two different families, family members who had not recently visited Wuhan being laboratory-confirmed with 2019-nCoV infection after other family members came back from Wuhan and were confirmed cases.
T63 8954-9114 Sentence denotes A possible super-spreading event was also speculated by the task force given that there had been 15 HCWs infected with the virus in Wuhan until 20 January [20].
T64 9115-9256 Sentence denotes On 21 January, additional exported cases were reported in Taiwan and the United States, with illness onset on 11 and 19 January respectively.
T65 9258-9299 Sentence denotes Risk of fatality among hospitalised cases
T66 9300-9583 Sentence denotes We estimated the hospital fatality risk, i.e. the risk of fatality among hospitalised cases [21] using the formula (fatal cases)/(fatal cases + recovered cases), which provides a more accurate early estimate of the hospital fatality risk compared with (fatal cases)/(all cases) [22].
T67 9584-9682 Sentence denotes We estimated the associated 95% CI for the hospital fatality risk using the binomial distribution.
T68 9683-9899 Sentence denotes According to the update on 21 January 2020 when information on deaths and recoveries were reported, four cases had died while 25 had recovered, and our estimate of the hospital fatality risk is therefore 14% (95% CI:
T69 9900-9909 Sentence denotes 3.9–32%).
T70 9910-10060 Sentence denotes The estimate of the hospital fatality risk remained fairly stable over the 10 day period since the first death was announced on 11 January (Figure 2).
T71 10061-10205 Sentence denotes If deaths continue to be reported without any corresponding increase in reported recoveries, the formula will overestimate the risk of fatality.
T72 10206-10364 Sentence denotes Figure 2 Temporal changes in estimated risk of death among laboratory-confirmed cases of 2019-nCoV admitted to hospitala, Wuhan, China, as at 21 January 2020
T73 10365-10389 Sentence denotes nCoV: novel coronavirus.
T74 10390-10461 Sentence denotes a Based on the formula (fatal cases) / (fatal cases + recovered cases).
T75 10463-10576 Sentence denotes Comparison of two hypothetical scenarios: one with large zoonotic spillover and one with small zoonotic spillover
T76 10577-10758 Sentence denotes To date, as at 22 January, official information has not been sufficient to determine the source of infection and risk of human-to-human transmission for the newly emerged 2019-nCoV.
T77 10759-10952 Sentence denotes Two competing hypotheses are therefore proposed and compared as potential explanations for the characteristics of the current outbreak of 2019-nCoV infections within and outside mainland China.
T78 10953-11138 Sentence denotes Scenario 1 comprises a large zoonotic spillover event starting in early December 2019, perhaps over a number of days or weeks, and very limited human-to-human transmission subsequently.
T79 11139-11266 Sentence denotes Scenario 2 comprises a small zoonotic spillover event in early December 2019 followed by efficient human-to-human transmission.
T80 11267-11361 Sentence denotes Evidence consistent or inconsistent with each of these two scenarios is outlined in the Table.
T81 11362-11460 Sentence denotes Table Evidence on transmission dynamics of human infections with 2019-nCoV, as at 22 January 2020
T82 11461-11540 Sentence denotes Observation Date Interpretation Supports Scenario 1?a Supports Scenario 2?b
T83 11541-11685 Sentence denotes By 20 January, 198 laboratory-confirmed cases, 3 fatal, 25 recovered [28] 20 Jan 2020 Fatality risk among hospitalised cases is 11%c Yes Yes
T84 11686-11901 Sentence denotes No infections among the more than 700 people under medical surveillance, including HCWs [28] 20 Jan 2020 Very low human-to-human transmissibility Yes No (Note: assuming adequate contact tracing and surveillance)
T85 11902-12090 Sentence denotes Only one likely human-to-human cluster among the first 41 cases [18] 20 Jan 2020 Very low human-to-human transmissibility (R 0 of 0.02) Yes No (Note: assuming adequate contact tracing)
T86 12091-12348 Sentence denotes Only approximately 70% of the first 41 cases had exposure to Southern China Seafood Wholesale Market [16] 15 Jan 2020 Low human-to-human transmissibility (R 0 of 0.3) Yes No (Note: possible selection bias towards identifying cases linked to that market)
T87 12349-12559 Sentence denotes New cases with a travel history to Wuhan before onset were confirmed in other cities in China [29] 20 Jan 2020 Indicative of many mild to moderate infections (not requiring hospitalisation) in Wuhan Yes Yes
T88 12560-12784 Sentence denotes Four exported cases to other countries, all with relatively mild illness [30,31] 12–20 Jan 2020 Indicative of many mild to moderate infections not necessitating hospitalisation or outpatient medical care in Wuhan Yes Yes
T89 12785-12987 Sentence denotes Four exported cases, at least three of whom had no contact with Southern China Seafood Wholesale Market [30,31] 12–20 Jan 2020 At least some limited human-to-human transmission (unclear R 0) Yes Yes
T90 12988-13264 Sentence denotes Two family clusters in Guangdong, with family members who did not visit Wuhan but were infected after the other family member(s) returning from Wuhan were confirmed with the infection [29] 20 Jan 2020 At least some limited human-to-human transmission (unclear R 0) Yes Yes
T91 13265-13420 Sentence denotes 15 HCWs confirmed with infection of 2019-nCoV (not clear whether infections were from one case or multiple cases) [20] 20 Jan 2020 Super-spreading event?
T92 13421-13535 Sentence denotes Could still be consistent with limited human-to-human transmission if an isolated incident (unclear R 0) Yes Yes
T93 13536-13889 Sentence denotes Exported cases identified in Taiwan and the United States with illness onset dates on 11 and 19 January [32,33] 22 Jan 2020 Could be because of surveillance bias, but is more consistent with an increase in incidence of infections over time No (Note: possible selection bias because of enhanced surveillance towards identifying more recent cases) Yes
T94 13890-13974 Sentence denotes HCWs: healthcare workers; nCoV: novel coronavirus; MHC: Municipal Health Commission.
T95 13975-14057 Sentence denotes a Most infections are zoonotic with limited human-to-human transmission (R 0 < 1).
T96 14058-14140 Sentence denotes b Initial zoonotic spillover with efficient human-to-human transmission (R 0 > 1).
T97 14141-14204 Sentence denotes c Estimated as (fatal cases) / (fatal cases + recovered cases).
T98 14206-14216 Sentence denotes Discussion
T99 14217-14337 Sentence denotes In this article, we describe a preliminary assessment of the outbreak of infections with the newly identified 2019-nCoV.
T100 14338-14521 Sentence denotes This assessment is based on the cases of infection reported over time by health authorities in Wuhan and then at the national level, as well as the media in China and other countries.
T101 14522-14708 Sentence denotes One of the most urgent priorities is to determine the degree of human-to-human transmissibility of the novel pathogen, and accordingly, this is where information is most urgently needed.
T102 14709-15003 Sentence denotes We outline two possible scenarios in the Table and find that the early evidence was most consistent with limited human-to-human transmissibility, however more recent data seem to be increasingly more compatible with scenario 2 in which sustained human-to-human transmission has been occurring.
T103 15004-15117 Sentence denotes Determining the exposure profile among the recently confirmed cases would directly contribute to this assessment.
T104 15118-15275 Sentence denotes Additional information on approaches to case identification and laboratory testing protocols in Wuhan and in other cities in China would also be informative.
T105 15276-15438 Sentence denotes A separate priority is to identify the animal reservoir of this novel pathogen and any intermediary hosts, including potential supply chains of wild or game meat.
T106 15439-15514 Sentence denotes It is challenging to judge severity from the information available to date.
T107 15515-15596 Sentence denotes We estimated the risk of death among hospitalised cases of around 14% (Figure 2).
T108 15597-15755 Sentence denotes For both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections, the risk of severe disease increases substantially with age and with the presence of underlying conditions [23-25].
T109 15756-15906 Sentence denotes One other caveat with estimating severity is that there can be long delays between hospitalisation and death for infections that are ultimately fatal.
T110 15907-16002 Sentence denotes For SARS in Hong Kong, the average time from illness to death for fatal cases was 24 days [26].
T111 16003-16187 Sentence denotes This means that early estimates of the case fatality risk that ignore the potential outcomes of cases still in hospital are typically underestimates of the final severity profile [27].
T112 16188-16310 Sentence denotes We accounted for that by only including cases that either died or recovered in our estimate of the hospital fatality risk.
T113 16311-16569 Sentence denotes Given that the cases reported outside Wuhan have mostly not been severe, it would be reasonable to infer that there might be a large number of undetected relatively mild infections in Wuhan and that the infection fatality risk is below 1% or even below 0.1%.
T114 16570-16620 Sentence denotes There are a number of limitations to our analyses.
T115 16621-16696 Sentence denotes Most importantly, they are only based on data in the public domain to date.
T116 16697-16805 Sentence denotes Detailed information has not yet been released by authoritative sources on the most recently reported cases.
T117 16806-17174 Sentence denotes In our analysis in the Table, support for scenario 2 might increase if contact tracing or medical surveillance was incomplete, if there was incomplete ascertainment of clusters or if there was an early focus in testing cases linked to the Southern China Seafood Wholesale Market that led to a selection bias in the prevalence of market exposures among the early cases.
T118 17176-17192 Sentence denotes Acknowledgements
T119 17193-17247 Sentence denotes The authors thank Julie Au for administrative support.
T120 17248-17256 Sentence denotes Funding:
T121 17257-17433 Sentence denotes This project was supported by a commissioned grant from the Health and Medical Research Fund, Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
T122 17435-17534 Sentence denotes Conflict of interest: BJC reports honoraria from Sanofi Pasteur and Roche not related to this work.
T123 17535-17595 Sentence denotes The authors report no other potential conflicts of interest.
T124 17596-17619 Sentence denotes Authors’ contributions:
T125 17620-17650 Sentence denotes Conceived study: PW, BJC, GML.
T126 17651-17690 Sentence denotes Collected data: PW, XH, EHYL, KSML, QX.
T127 17691-17724 Sentence denotes Analysed data: PW, XH, EHYL, BJC.
T128 17725-17770 Sentence denotes Interpreted results: PW, EHYL, JYW, BJC, GML.
T129 17771-17797 Sentence denotes Wrote the first draft: PW.
T130 17798-17871 Sentence denotes Critically revised the draft and approved the final version: all authors.

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 721-742 Phenotype denotes respiratory illnesses http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002086
T2 943-952 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T3 1753-1762 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T4 2721-2730 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T5 2865-2874 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T6 2998-3007 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T7 4125-4134 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T8 4292-4301 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T9 4490-4495 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T10 4520-4529 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T11 5878-5897 Phenotype denotes respiratory illness http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002086
T12 6478-6487 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090

MyTest

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
31992388-23472057-29332089 5489-5491 23472057 denotes 17
31992388-23787162-29332090 7932-7934 23787162 denotes 19
31992388-23803487-29332091 9393-9395 23803487 denotes 21
31992388-16076827-29332092 9579-9581 16076827 denotes 22
31992388-16864761-29332093 15748-15750 16864761 denotes 23
31992388-20205928-29332093 15748-15750 20205928 denotes 23
31992388-29680581-29332093 15748-15750 29680581 denotes 23
31992388-15520422-29332094 15998-16000 15520422 denotes 26
31992388-16981181-29332095 16183-16185 16981181 denotes 27

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
31992388-23472057-29332089 5489-5491 23472057 denotes 17
31992388-23787162-29332090 7932-7934 23787162 denotes 19
31992388-23803487-29332091 9393-9395 23803487 denotes 21
31992388-16076827-29332092 9579-9581 16076827 denotes 22
31992388-16864761-29332093 15748-15750 16864761 denotes 23
31992388-20205928-29332093 15748-15750 20205928 denotes 23
31992388-29680581-29332093 15748-15750 29680581 denotes 23
31992388-15520422-29332094 15998-16000 15520422 denotes 26
31992388-16981181-29332095 16183-16185 16981181 denotes 27